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72-842: According to one historian, the level of Acadian suffering greatly increased in the late summer of 1758. Along with campaigns on Ile Saint-Jean , in the Gulf of St. Lawrence , at St. John River campaign and the Petitcodiac River campaign , the British targeted the Cape Sable region, known as Pobomcoup . The British Conquest of Acadia happened in 1710. Over the next forty-five years the Acadians refused to sign an unconditional oath of allegiance to Britain. During this time period Acadians participated in various militia operations against

144-404: A "great enterprise" to conquer all of Acadia and Canada in 1709 that was aborted when the promised military support failed to materialize. Vetch and Francis Nicholson , an Englishman who had previously served as colonial governor of Maryland and Virginia, returned to England in its aftermath, and again appealed to the queen for support. They were accompanied by four aboriginal chiefs, who caused

216-685: A close. On the 30th of October, the master of a sloop which arrived in Louisbourg reported 1,600 inhabitants of the island had been put on the ship. There were around 600 remaining settlers who were to stay for the winter. It was noted by Durell the settlers who remained were mostly women, children, and the sick. Another letter sent on the same day, November 5, from Durell reported he received a letter from Bond indicated his 16 ships, with 2,000 citizens, had been deported to France. These ships were sent as cartel ships to secure them from capture. On November 4, 12 transport ships headed out of Port-la-Joye. One

288-409: A few of his officers from Louisbourg to inform the inhabitants and military on Ile Saint-Jean about the surrender and deportation. Under orders from General Jeffery Amherst , Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Rollo led the British deportation operations. Amherst ordered Rollo to take possession of Ile Saint-Jean, build Fort Amherst on the site of Port-la-Joye , and deport the Acadians. When Rolo took over

360-646: A force of 500 British troops (including James Rogers leading his company of Rogers Rangers ) to take possession of Ile Saint-Jean. The percentage of deported Acadians who died during this expulsion made it the deadliest of all the deportations during the Expulsion (1755–1762). The total number of Acadians deported during this campaign was second only to that of the Bay of Fundy campaign (1755) . The British Conquest of Nova Scotia happened in 1710. The British were now in possession of Acadia, present Nova Scotia, due to

432-504: A leak, that kept afloat for some time by the empty casks in the hold. But eventually, an explosion occurred on the boat, as well as it being overcrowded lead to its sinking. Through record logs of ships used in the transport of the Acadians during deportation from Ile Saint-Jean, there were stops in English and French ports. A log of the Hind , the warship used by Lieutenant-Colonel Rollo, for

504-408: A parley flag on 10 October. The negotiations got off to a bad start because the officer was not properly announced by a drummer, and deteriorated from there. Each side ended up holding an officer of the other, principally over matters of military etiquette, and the British continued their siege work. By 12 October, the siege trenches had advanced, and cannons that were within 300 feet (91 m) of

576-810: A sensation in London. Nicholson and Vetch successfully argued on behalf of colonial interests for British military support against Port Royal. Nicholson arrived in Boston on 15 July 1710, bearing a commission from the queen as "General and Commander-in-Chief of all and sundry the Forces, to be employed in the expedition design'd for the reducing of Port Royal in Nova Scotia". In addition to 400 marines brought over from England, four New England provinces raised militia regiments: Massachusetts Bay provided 900, Rhode Island 180, Connecticut 300, and New Hampshire 100. Some of

648-661: A settlement. Another deciding factor was that the Governor-General Vaudreuil of New France believed the Acadians would prefer Ile Saint-Jean even though it was more defenceless against English attacks. The Acadian mainland (now New Brunswick ), and the islands ( Cape Breton Island and Isle Saint-Jean ) remained in French hands. Over the next forty-five years the Acadians refused to sign an unconditional oath of allegiance to Britain. During this time period Acadians participated in various militia operations against

720-743: A siege of the fort, without success. The capture of Port Royal marked the end of French rule in peninsular Acadia, and inaugurated a struggle for control of the territory that lasted until the British conquests of the Seven Years' War . The status of Acadia was one of the more contentious issues in the negotiations leading to the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht , and very nearly led to renewed war. French negotiators were unable to recover Acadia, although they were able to retain Isle Saint-Jean (present-day Prince Edward Island ) and Île Royale , (present day Cape Breton Island ), which provided access to

792-507: A variety of reasons, both attempts failed despite the expedition's significant numerical superiority. In the following years, France failed to send any significant support, while the British mobilized larger and better-organized forces for the conflict in North America. Samuel Vetch , a Scots businessman with colonial ties, went to London in 1708 and lobbied Queen Anne for military support to conquer all of New France. She authorized

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864-484: The Bay of Fundy campaign (1755) . Many Acadians fled those operations to the French colony of Ile Saint-Jean, now known as Prince Edward Island . Ile Saint-Jean's major and commandant was Gabriel Rousseau de Villejouin . Villejouin occasionally sent Mi'kmaq to Nova Scotia to pillage and harass the English during this time. In the summer of 1756, for example, Villejouin sent seven Mi'kmaq to Fort Edward where they scalped two English people and returned to Villejouin with

936-529: The Chester . She carried deserters from the French garrison, who reported that morale was extremely low. Nicholson sent the ship ahead with one of the transports; when they entered Digby Gut they received some fire from parties of Mi'kmaq on the shore. The ships returned fire with their cannons, without either side taking casualties. On 5 October, the main British fleet arrived at Goat Island, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) below Port Royal. That afternoon,

1008-639: The Conquest of Acadia , was a military siege conducted by British regular and provincial forces under the command of Francis Nicholson against a French Acadian garrison and the Wabanaki Confederacy under the command of Daniel d'Auger de Subercase , at the Acadian capital, Port Royal . The successful British siege marked the beginning of permanent British control over the peninsular portion of Acadia, which they renamed Nova Scotia , and it

1080-575: The Hillsborough River and brought back French prisoners, as well as three cannons that had probably been installed by the French at present-day Rams Island, near Frenchfort. Rollo expected around four hundred to five hundred people, but instead was met with ten times that amount when the military began the process of deportation. French administrative officials and military were the first people taken into custody. Neutralizing these people would allow for deportation to proceed more easily. As well

1152-565: The St. John River . The British also conducted a similar Cape Sable campaign . Sadly for inhabitants of Ile Saint-Jean, some were forced to be deported for the second time during Rollo's forces that occurred on the island. They were previously deported from the mainland in 1755 and shipped to the Carolinas where they had returned from since. The real numbers of inhabitants of Ile Saint-Jean are not known when taking into account people who died along

1224-423: The 1713 Treaty of Utrecht. French settlers were given the choice to remove themselves from Nova Scotia or pledge allegiance to the British. The majority of French settlers and Acadians chose to move to Ile Royale , present day Cape Breton Island. Ile Royale formed as a French colony that consisted of two islands, Ile Royale and Ile Saint-Jean. Due to the fertile lands on Ile Saint-Jean, many Acadians chose it as

1296-758: The British and maintained vital supply lines to the French Fortress of Louisbourg and Fort Beausejour . During the French and Indian War (1754–1758), the British sought to neutralize any military threat Acadians posed and to interrupt the vital supply lines the Acadians provided to Louisbourg by deporting them. The first wave of deportations began in 1755 with the Bay of Fundy campaign , which targeted Beaubassin/Chignecto, Grand-Pré, Rivière-aux-Canards, Pisiguit, Cobequid, and Annapolis Royal. In April 1756, Major Jedidiah Preble and his New England troops, on their return to Boston, raided Pubnico , which lies within

1368-500: The British and maintained vital supply lines to the French Fortresses of Louisbourg and Fort Beausejour. Ile Saint-Jean began to change complexion from French to Acadian throughout the years following. The population continued to increase, from 1749-1755 the population quadrupled to around three thousand, making Ile Saint-Jean an essential part of the overall Acadian community. During the Seven Years' War (1756–1763),

1440-414: The British sought both to neutralize any military threat Acadians posed and to interrupt the vital supply lines Acadians provided to Louisbourg by deporting Acadians from Nova Scotia. After conceding loss, the Acadian citizens refused to sign an oath of allegiance to Britain which would make them loyal to the British crown. Therefore, on July 28, 1755 British Lieutenant Governor Charles Lawrence, as well as

1512-411: The British were coming to remove him and his military. The convoy that came was not fully expected from Villejouim instead, he assumed a packet boat was to arrive. It is suggested that the inhabitants were not completely blindsided once the surrender occurred. Instead, there were most likely preparations in place if they needed to defend the island. On August 18, Rollo's men travelled up what is now called

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1584-511: The British. An Acadian historian is noted for saying that Nicolas’ father was one of the most important personages in Acadia in his time. The Gautier family had moved from Acadia to Ile Saint-jean around 1749. As the deportation operation continued, on October 14, a schooner arrived at Port-la-Joye from Pointe-Prime (now Eldon, Prince Edward Island ) carrying Noel Doiron and 50 other Acadians. On October 20, Doiron and his family embarked on

1656-524: The Canadian state—it was a precursor to the British conquests of Louisbourg and Quebec in the middle of the century. Port Royal was the capital of the French colony of Acadia almost since the French first began settling the area in 1604. It consequently became a focal point for conflict between English and French colonists in the next century. It was destroyed in 1613 by English raiders led by Samuel Argall , but eventually rebuilt. In 1690 it

1728-564: The Cape Sable region, and captured 72 men, women and children. En route to the St. John River campaign in September 1758, Col. Robert Monckton sent Maj. Roger Morris of the 35th Regiment, in command of two men-of-war and transport ships with 325 soldiers, to deport more Acadians. On September 16, Morris and Capt. Joseph Gorham went ashore near the mouth of the Bay of Saltponds River, believed to be

1800-475: The English fishing fleet on the Grand Banks was reduced by 80 percent between 1702 and 1707, and some English coastal communities were raided. English merchants in Boston had long traded with Port Royal, and some of this activity had continued illegally after the war began. However, the business was being hurt by the war, and some merchants began making vocal calls for action, and public outrage rose over

1872-509: The Expulsion. Acadian families began to return to the area after 1767, many of whom are descended from the founder of Pobomcoup, Philippe Mius d'Entremont . Ile Saint-Jean Campaign The Ile Saint-Jean campaign was a series of military operations in fall 1758, during the Seven Years' War , to deport the Acadians who either lived on Ile Saint-Jean (present-day Prince Edward Island ) or had taken refuge there from earlier deportation operations. Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Rollo led

1944-544: The Gulf of St. Lawrence in anticipation of an assault on Quebec, that was planned for the following year. It was estimated that 11,500 Acadians out of the 14,100 in the region were deported. During the deportation process, a great number of Acadian deaths occurred, making this British campaign one of the deadliest in The Expulsion. The first wave of these deportations began in 1755, after Father Le Loutre's War , with

2016-488: The Ile Saint-Jean campaign began, Major General Amherst dispatched Brigadier James Wolfe to the northeast along the coast in the Gulf of St. Lawrence campaign (1758) . After Wolfe had left the area, the 1760 Battle of Restigouche led to the capture of several hundred Acadians at Boishébert's refugee camp at Petit-Rochelle (which was located at present-day Pointe-à-la-Croix, Quebec ) The British also went along

2088-544: The Island he found British scalps in the French governor's possessions. On 8 August 1758, a large party with the Light Infantry of the 22nd, 40th, and 45th Regiments and 143 Rangers under the command of Lord Rollo of the 22nd Regiment sailed for the Island of St. Johns. Rollo proceeded to Ile Saint-jean with 500 men on four transport ships: King of Prussia, Dunbar, Bristol, and Catherine. On August 17, Rollo approached

2160-473: The Nova Scotia Council, made the decision to deport the Acadians. Some factors of the Ile Saint-Jean campaign were to deport the Acadians living on Ile Saint-Jean to allow for English and Scottish settlers a place to reside. Other reasons behind the deportation of Acadians from Ile Saint-Jean was part of the general British campaign to eliminate the possibilities of resistance along the shores of

2232-536: The brothers Pierre and Joseph Gautier played important roles in assisting these Acadians to escape. The Mi'kmaq offered some assistance to the Acadians' escape. All the families from the communities of Malpec, Tracadie and Étang des Berges seem to have evaded the deportation as well as a number of families settled on the rivière du Nord-Est who seem to have gone to Ristigouche with the Gauthiers, Bujolds and Haché-Gallants. Approximately 150 Acadians remained on

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2304-420: The camp in hopes of a better situation, returned and face deportation since the conditions were incredibly bad. Some escaped into the interior of the island and remained hidden for several years as they lived of stray livestock and wild game. Nicolas Gautier was among those who assisted settlers escaping the north shore of Ile Saint-Jean. Coming from a prominent Acadian family who was known for their opposition to

2376-455: The defenders were unable to keep the British on the south side from establishing a camp about 400 yards (370 m) from the fort. Over the next four days the British landed their cannons and brought them up to the camp. Fire from the fort and supporters outside it persisted, and the British bomb ships wrought havoc within the fort with their fire each night. With the opening of new British batteries imminent, Subercase sent out an officer with

2448-571: The deportees were stripped of everything they owned. The ones who made it through the ship were the lucky ones because almost half of the people died on the trip across the ocean. As well, at least three ships were destroyed killing the people on board. 103 Acadians died on the Ruby when it ran aground in the Azores. Two other larger ships Duke William and Violet sank in the mid-Atlantic resulting in an estimated 756 exiles deaths. Duke William managed to get

2520-517: The end of the Seven Years' War in 1773 and others were transported to France in the latter half of 1758. Not every inhabitant of the island submitted to British orders and turned themselves in. In a letter sent by Rollo dated October 10 that “numbers have fled to Canada and carried off great quantities of cattle by means of 4 Schooners” Another letter from Captain Bond dated October 12, stated that

2592-501: The failure of the Massachusetts defenses to stop the French and aboriginal raids. Massachusetts Bay Governor Joseph Dudley had made repeated requests to London for support without any success, and finally decided to act independently to fend off accusations of complicity in the illegal trade. In spring of 1707, he authorized an expedition against Port Royal. This expedition made two separate attempts to take Port Royal; for

2664-479: The fast capture of French soldier sent a signal to the inhabitants that they should surrender without resistance. The first group of 692 people, including French officials and their families, were deported on August 31, in two ships. The inhabitants were required to surrender themselves and their firearms, and those who did would be taken alive to Louisbourg on one of the four transports. Civilian prisoners who were delivered to Louisbourg were sent to Europe soon after

2736-432: The first. On July 26, 1758, Governor Augustin de Boschenry de Drucou surrendered at Louisbourg to the British, which changed the fate of Ile Saint-Jean residents. The removal of French troops and the fate of the civilians were not addressed until a few days later when under British policy, it came clear that the deportations of all inhabitants of Ile Saint-jean were to occur. The defeated French governor, Drucou, sent along

2808-399: The fort opened fire. Nicholson sent Subercase a demand that he surrender, and negotiations began once more. By the end of the day, the parties reached an agreement on the terms of surrender, which was formally signed the next day. The garrison was allowed to leave the fort with all the honours of war, "their Arms and Baggage, Drums beating, and Colours flying." The British were to transport

2880-424: The fort's guns until after the siege ended; his attempts to erect a battery of mortars in a muddy area across Allain's Creek from the fort was repulsed by cannon fire. The southern force met with guerrilla -style resistance outside the fort, with Acadian and aboriginal defenders firing small arms from houses and wooded areas, in addition to taking fire from the fort. This fire resulted in three British killed, but

2952-609: The garrison to France, and there were specific protections in the capitulation to protect the local residents. These terms called for the "Inhabitants within Cannon shot of the Fort" to be allowed to remain on their properties for up to two years if they so chose, provided they were willing to take an oath to the British Crown . The British took formal possession of Port Royal following a ceremony on 16 October, in which they renamed

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3024-453: The harbor at Port-la-Joye on the warship Hind with four transports and a schooner at around 2 pm. A boat with a truce flag raised came out of the harbor to meet them. Around 3 pm, the Hind fired a gun representing the Fort being surrendered. Gabriel Rousseau de Villejouim, Ile Saint-Jean's major and commandment surrendered the island. As the Hind had left Louisberg, Villejouim had been aware that

3096-490: The harbour and considered making an attack, but ultimately decided against the idea; French accounts claim that a minor attack was made. When Daniel d'Auger de Subercase became governor of Acadia in 1706, he went on the offensive, encouraging aboriginal raids against English targets in New England. He also encouraged privateering from Port Royal against English colonial shipping. The privateers were highly effective;

3168-661: The ill-fated transport the Duke William . Of the three thousand deportees included, roughly 600 had been shipped over to Ile Royale earlier and then sent across the Atlantic well before Nov. 4 on the Mary . Almost half of the people on board the Mary died of disease, most of them children. Historian Earle Lockerby estimates that 255 out of 560 passengers died. Another transfer occurred with two ships, Sukey and Mary, where 600 prisoners were sent to St. Malo from Louisbourg. The Mary

3240-493: The important Atlantic fisheries. Acadia's people were placed in a difficult position by the conquest. The British on numerous occasions demanded they take oaths to the British Crown, but many refused to take oaths requiring them to take arms against the French, preferring to proclaim their neutrality. For this and other reasons, hundreds of Acadians left peninsular Nova Scotia over the next decade. Most of them avoided

3312-619: The island and to reach French military leader Charles Deschamps de Boishébert et de Raffetot 's refugee camp, known as "Camp de l'Espérance", on Beaubears Island near present-day Miramichi, New Brunswick . The Acadians also managed to reach Baie des Chaleurs and the Restigouche River . On the Restigouche River, Jean-François Bourdon de Dombourg also had a refugee camp at Petit-Rochelle (present-day Pointe-à-la-Croix, Quebec ). Acadians Joseph Leblanc dit Le Maigre and

3384-459: The island by mid-1759. Although the other military campaigns against the Acadians during the war included burning their villages, the orders in this campaign did not include instructions to do so. Rollo was instructed to save the homes for British-sponsored settlers that might come later. Some of the Acadians began arriving in ports in France by November. An official reported that when they arrived

3456-523: The mainland between New England and the St. Lawrence, ÎLe St. Jean, and Cape Breton. This helped the aboriginal groups of Abenaquis, Malecites, and Mi'kmaq to retain their sovereignty over their old hunting grounds. In 1746, the grand expedition was organized in France under the command of the Duc d'Anville . The expedition was composed of 20 warships, 21 frigates, and 32 transport ships, containing 800 cannons, 3,000 soldiers, and 10,000 marines. The expedition

3528-441: The majority of Acadians surrendered along with Villejouin, roughly 1,250 Acadians (30%) did not. Many of these Acadians fled the island. The French and Acadians arranged for four schooners, one mounted with six guns, at Malpec (present day Malpeque Bay, Prince Edward Island ) to transport Acadians fleeing the island. Because of Malpec's distance from Port-la-Joye, it was out of reach of the British patrols. Acadians manage to leave

3600-542: The military men was deported. As for the military were brought to the newly built fort at Port-la-Joie where they were to eventually be picked up by the transport ships after all inhabitants were brought to Louisbourg. About 100 men of the British military were left at Port-la-Joie to man the fort. Less than a hundred French soldiers at Port-la-Joie, as well as other soldiers from Louisbourg and Ile Royale were shipped off to England. Once in England, some were detained there until

3672-577: The next 50 years. The conquest was a key element in the framing of the North American issues in French-British treaty negotiations of 1711–1713. It resulted in the creation of a new colony—Nova Scotia—and introduced significant questions concerning the fate of both the Acadians and the Mi'kmaq who continued to occupy Acadia. The Conquest of Acadia was a foundational moment in the history of

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3744-463: The northern shore of Baie Françoise (present-day Bay of Fundy ). In November, Major George Scott and several hundred men from Fort Cumberland sailed up the Petitcodiac River in a number of armed vessels, destroying the villages as they went, including Beausoleil, home to the Broussards. Simultaneously, Colonel Robert Monckton , in command of 2,000 troops, engaged in a similar campaign on

3816-439: The place Annapolis Royal in honour of their queen. Samuel Vetch was inaugurated as the new governor of Nova Scotia . Massachusetts and New Hampshire proclaimed a day of public thanksgiving. The first French attempt to retake Annapolis Royal happened the next year. After a skirmish in which a party of British soldiers was ambushed, Bernard-Anselme d'Abbadie de Saint-Castin lead a force of 200 Acadians and native warriors in

3888-550: The present day Argyle . and began to search, but unable to locate anyone, on October 4 they began to burn farms. On October 9 they found father Jean-Baptiste de Gay Desenclaves (whose principle residence was Tusket ) and 36 families (6 of which were Mi'kmaq) who were imprisoned in the local church. On October 28, Monckton's troops sent the women and children to Georges Island , while the men were kept behind and forced to destroy their village. On October 31, they were also sent to Halifax. About 130 Acadians and seven Mi'kmaq escaped. In

3960-549: The principal French colonial settlements and went to French-occupied Isle Saint-Jean. Acadia's border was not formally demarcated by the Treaty of Utrecht, which became a cause of ongoing friction between the British and French, especially on the Isthmus of Chignecto , which both sides eventually fortified. The French interpreted the phrase ancient boundaries to imply only the peninsula of present-day Nova Scotia, thereby excluding

4032-559: The provincial troops were drilled in the arts of siege warfare by Paul Mascarene , a Huguenot officer in the British Army. A band of Iroquois was also recruited to serve as scouts on the expedition. When the fleet sailed on 29 September, it consisted of 36 transports, two bomb galleys , and five warships. Two ships, HMS Falmouth and HMS Dragon , were sent from England, while HMS Feversham and HMS Lowestoft were sent from New York to join with HMS Chester , which

4104-477: The remaining New England troops as part of the southern force. The landings took place without incident, with fire from the fort answered by one of the fleet's bomb ships at long range. Although later accounts of the siege claimed Vetch's detachment was part of a strategic plan to surround the fort, contemporary accounts report that Vetch wanted to have a command that was somewhat independent of Nicholson. These same accounts claim Vetch never got to within range of

4176-438: The river banks to deny attackers cover. He completed the construction of another vessel to assist in naval defence, and engaged privateers with great success against New England fishing and shipping. From prisoners taken by the privateers he learned that plans were continually being made in 1708 and 1709 for new attempts on Port Royal. As the fleet sailed north, it was met by a dispatch vessel sent by Thomas Matthews, captain of

4248-494: The scalps and a prisoner. (Rollo found numerous British scalps at the Governor's house when he took over Ile St. Jean. ) After capturing Louisbourg on Ile Royale (present-day Cape Breton, Nova Scotia ) in 1758, the British began operations to deport Acadians from Ile St. Jean, Ile Royale, and present-day New Brunswick . According to one historian, this wave of operations was more brutal and considerably more devastating than

4320-515: The ship that was helping the inhabitants flee. During the taking over of Ile Saint-Jean by the British, an Acadian refugee camp in Miramichi, the closest port, area existed from 1756–1759. It was unknown to the British and sheltered Acadians who were escaping deportation. Some inhabitants went there on small boats but the camp was in poor conditions with over a thousand people who ended up dying there from disease and starvation. The people who went to

4392-570: The spring of 1759, Maj. Erasmus James Philipps arranged for Gorham and his rangers to take prisoner 151 Acadians. They reached Georges Island with them on June 29 and were deported to Britain in November 1759. The remaining 100 Acadians and Mi'kmaq at Cape Sable fired upon Capt. Silvanus Cobb in July 1759. The Cape Sable region remains one of only two places in Acadia, the other being Memramcook , where people of Acadian descent lived before and after

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4464-521: The transport Caesar ran aground while attempting to enter the Annapolis River , and was eventually swept onto the rocks. Its captain, some of its crew, and 23 soldiers died, while a company commander and some 25 others struggled ashore. The following day, 6 October, British marines began landing both north and south of the fortress and the town. The northern force was joined by four New England regiments under Colonel Vetch, while Nicholson led

4536-421: The transportation to and from Ile Saint-Jean and for convoying transports that evacuated the inhabitants were important records. As well, The French National Archives held documents concerning the arrival of transports in France. Within the archives are lists of inhabitants from Ile Saint-Jean who debarked from seven transports at St. Malo, as well as the names of individuals who died on the vessels en route. After

4608-470: The troops were having difficulty in getting the citizens to submit to commands. As well he mentioned that an armed schooner with six guns on board was assisting fugitives. These fugitives were Acadians trying to escape from British control and fear of deportation. Once the letter got in the hands of Rear Admiral Philip Durell, the successor at Louisbourg, sent Captain Maximillian Jacobs to destroy

4680-456: The way or escaped. The occurrence of deportation of the Acadian people in 1758 represented the beginning of the journey that has taken Acadians around the world. Places like France, Caribbean, Louisiana, St. Pierre and much more were where Acadians ended up for a few years. Siege of Port Royal (1710) [REDACTED]   Great Britain [REDACTED]   France The siege of Port Royal (5–13 October 1710), also known as

4752-637: Was captured by forces from the Province of Massachusetts Bay , although it was restored to France by the Treaty of Ryswick . With the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession in 1702, colonists on both sides again prepared for conflict. Acadia's governor, Jacques-François de Monbeton de Brouillan , had, in anticipation of war, already begun construction of a stone and earth fort in 1701, which

4824-484: Was already stationed at Boston. Nicholson sent HMS Chester ahead of the fleet to blockade the Digby Gut , which controlled naval access to Port Royal. Port Royal was defended by about 300 troops, many of whom were poorly trained recruits from France. Subercase had taken steps to improve the local defences since the 1707 sieges, building a new bomb-proof powder magazine and barracks in 1708, and clearing woods from

4896-587: Was largely completed by 1704. Following a French raid on Deerfield on the Massachusetts frontier in February 1704, the English in Boston organized a raid against Acadia the following May. Led by Benjamin Church , they raided Grand Pré and other Acadian communities. English and French accounts differ on whether Church's expedition mounted an attack on Port Royal. Church's account indicates that they anchored in

4968-476: Was loaded with prisoners from Ile Saint-Jean as for the other ship was carrying people mainly from Louisbourg and Ile Royale. There were also an additional 14 ships that were used as transports used in the deportation of Ile Saint-Jean. The Journal of Boscawen shows the list of the Vessels which was written on September 11, 1758. At the end of October, British efforts to deport prisoners were beginning to come to

5040-410: Was the first time the British took and held a French colonial possession. After the French surrender, the British occupied the fort in the capital with all the pomp and ceremony of having captured one of the great fortresses of Europe, and renamed it Annapolis Royal . The siege was the third British attempt during Queen Anne's War to capture the Acadian capital, and it had profound consequences over

5112-417: Was to retake Louisbourg and then Annapolis Royal . However, after a three months crossing, and the dispersal of the fleet between Sable Island and the mainland, the expedition turned out to be a disaster for the French, and they would not try to recapture Port Royal again. The territorial dispute would not be fully resolved until the British conquest of New France in 1760, and the informal boundary between

5184-717: Was wrecked in the Strait of Canso , Ruby on the Azores , and Duke William and Violet sank off Land's End . Eight transports made it to France. In total, about 1,500  Acadians died en route to France by disease or drowning. All the settlers from the largest village, Havre Saint-Pierre (St. Peter's Harbour), were deported. Acadians were deported from areas from Port-la-Joye, such as Bedec ( Bedeque ), La Traverse (Cape Traverse), Riviere des Blonds (Tryon), and Riviere au Crapeau ( Crapaud ), as well as other settlements in present-day Kings County, Prince Edward Island . While

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