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55-589: The rise are bounded by the Canary Basin to the north and the Cape Verde Basin to the south. Numerous seamounts are located in the rise including the Cape Verde (or Cabo Verde) (Latin: sometimes as Extracapitis being off the cape), Cadamosto , Boa Vista, Nola and Senghor. The third and fourth are named after explorers of Cape Verde, the other, the founding father of Senegal. The highest point

110-873: A country's sovereign territorial waters extend to 12 nmi (22 km) beyond the shore. One of the first assertions of exclusive jurisdiction beyond the traditional territorial seas was made by the United States in the Truman Proclamation of 28 September 1945. However, it was Chile and Peru respectively that first claimed maritime zones of 200 nautical miles with the Presidential Declaration Concerning Continental Shelf signed by Chilean President Gabriel Gonzalez Videla on 23 June 1947 and by Peruvian President Jose Luis Bustamante y Rivero through Presidential Decree No. 781 of 1 August 1947 It

165-465: A different magma source. Based on plate motion models, the Cape Verde hotspot is expected to move southwestward, in the direction of Cadamosto Seamount, and may currently underlie Brava, Fogo and Cadamosto. Apart from Cadamosto Seamount, Nola and Sodade Seamounts are also seismically active. Unlike the rest of the Cape Verde islands which have mainly erupted mafic rocks, Cadamosto Seamount and Brava feature felsic rocks. The dominant volcanic rock

220-712: A maritime delimitation agreement exists with another state. To the 12 nautical miles boundary is Australia's territorial waters . Australia has the third largest exclusive economic zone, behind France and the United States, but ahead of Russia, with a total area of 8,148,250 square kilometres, which actually exceeds its land territory. The United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) confirmed, in April 2008, Australia's rights over an additional 2.5 million square kilometres of seabed beyond

275-503: A number of islets and seamounts . Unusually for a hotspot volcanic system, Cape Verde has two separate chains of volcanoes. The islands lie on the Cape Verde Rise , a 130-to-150-million-year-old sector of seafloor covered by a 2-kilometre (1.2 mi) high volcanic plateau. The Rise is associated with a geoid anomaly and may have formed through the activity of a mantle plume / hotspot . On some islands, Jurassic seafloor

330-647: A tiny island in the Mediterranean Sea, is the country's southernmost point. Italy shares treaty-defined maritime boundaries with France , Spain , Algeria , Tunisia , Libya , Malta , Greece , Albania , Montenegro , Croatia and Slovenia . Japan has the world's eighth-largest exclusive economic zone, covering 4,479,674 km (1,729,612 sq mi). It claims an EEZ of 200 nautical miles from its shores. Japan has disputes over its EEZ boundaries with all its Asian neighbors (China, Russia, South Korea , and Taiwan ). The above, and relevant maps at

385-439: A total surface area of 3,269,386 km , and places Mexico among the countries with the largest areas in the world. New Zealand 's EEZ covers 4,083,744 km (1,576,742 sq mi), which is approximately fifteen times the land area of the country. Sources vary significantly on the size of New Zealand's EEZ; for example, a recent government publication gave the area as roughly 4,300,000 km . These figures are for

440-400: Is phonolite and phonotephrite although clinopyroxene nephelinite has also been recorded. Volcanic samples dredged from Cadamosto Seamount contain crystals of aegirine , apatite , augite , biotite , diopside , haüyne , iron-titanium oxides , leucite , nepheline , nosean , pyrite , sanidine , sodalite and titanite . Calcite , clay and iron oxyhydroxides formed through

495-712: Is 2,220 meters below sea level and the deepest is in the range of over 3,000 meters deep. In the east end of the rise is the Dakar Canyon. It ranges between the 14 and the 22° parallels north and is 900 km long. Near the rise is the westernmost point in Africa, Cap-Vert , northwest of the rise is the Santo Antão Ridge. In the waters above the Cape Verde Rise is the Canary (or Canarian) Current to

550-535: Is exposed. The Cape Verde hotspot is responsible for volcanic activity in the Cape Verde islands. Owing to the slow movement of the African Plate , there is only little evidence of migrating volcanism. It appears that the oldest volcanism occurred 16–12 million years ago at Maio and Sal , while activity in the last 500,000 years has been concentrated at Fogo and Santo Antao at the western end of

605-499: Is sparse and there is evidence of hydrothermal alteration and of recent activity in the form of spatter deposits. Agglutinates and lavas form most of the seamount, with sheet and pillow lavas cropping out in the summit region, some hydrothermally altered. Numerous craters and small volcanic cones dot its flanks which bear evidence of sector collapses . The Cape Verde islands lie about 500 kilometres (310 mi) west of Senegal and feature nine main islands, as well as

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660-576: Is up to the states to delineate the actual maritime boundary . Generally, any point within an overlapping area defaults to the nearest state. The exclusive economic zone stretches much further into sea than the territorial waters , which end at 12 nmi (22 km) from the coastal baseline (if following the rules set out in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ). Thus,

715-561: The Fernando de Noronha Islands , Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago , and the Trindade and Martim Vaz Islands . Canada is unusual in that its exclusive economic zone, covering 5,599,077 km (2,161,816 sq mi), is slightly smaller than its territorial waters. The latter generally extend only 12 nautical miles from the shore but also include inland marine waters such as Hudson Bay (about 300 nmi (560 km) across),

770-740: The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), provides significant practical mechanisms for the control of EEZs. Transboundary fish stocks are an important concept in this control. Transboundary stocks are fish stocks that range in the EEZs of at least two countries. Straddling stocks , on the other hand, range both within an EEZ as well as in the high seas , outside any EEZ. A stock can be both transboundary and straddling. Algeria on 17 April 2018 established an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) off its coasts by Presidential Decree No. 18-96 of 2 Rajab 1439 corresponding to 20 March 2018. The permanent mission of Spain to

825-772: The Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the internal waters of the Arctic Archipelago . Chile's EEZ includes areas around the Desventuradas Islands , Easter Island , and the Juan Fernández Islands . In 2020 and 2022, Chile submitted its partial claims to the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) to extend its maritime continental margin. The first figure excludes all disputed waters, while

880-612: The Maluku Islands ) and sixty smaller island groups. Ireland's exclusive economic zone was reported to be the location of a Russian military exercise in January 2022. Russia's exercise was then moved outside the economic zone. In 2010, an agreement was signed with Cyprus concerning the limit of territorial waters between Israel and Cyprus at the maritime halfway point, a clarification essential for safeguarding Israel's rights to oil and underwater gas reservoirs. The agreement

935-590: The Tyrrhenian Sea to the west, the Ionian Sea to the south and the Adriatic Sea to the east. Italy's EEZ is limited by maritime boundaries with neighboring countries to the northwest, east and southeast. Italy's western sea territory stretches from the west coast of Italy on the Tyrrhenian Sea , including the island of Sardinia . The island of Sicily is in the southernmost area. Lampedusa ,

990-438: The last glacial maximum when sea levels were lower. Despite its great depth, Cadamosto Seamount appears to be capable of large explosive eruptions . Tephra layers attributed to Cadamosto Seamount are about 40,000 and 17,000 years old. These eruptions produced a minimum volume of 0.12 cubic kilometres (0.029 cu mi) and 0.21 cubic kilometres (0.050 cu mi) tephra , respectively, equivalent of category 4 on

1045-535: The volcanic explosivity index . The eruptions dispersed volcanic ash over areas of 3,100 square kilometres (1,200 sq mi) and 3,850 square kilometres (1,490 sq mi), respectively, through submarine volcanic ash plumes . There is no indication of historical activity but Cadamosto Seamount is the most seismically active seamount on the Cape Verde Rise. During the 21st century, earthquakes with intensities of over mb 4 have been recorded at Cadamosto Seamount. The seismic activity may be related to

1100-410: The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea , is an area of the sea in which a sovereign state has exclusive rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources , including energy production from water and wind. It stretches from the outer limit of the territorial sea (22.224 kilometres or 12 nmi from the baseline) out 370.4 kilometres (or 200 nautical miles ) from the coast of

1155-676: The Algerian measure had been taken unilaterally and without consulting them. On 25 November 2018, the Algerian Ministry of Foreign Affairs sent an oral note in response to the Spanish protest, explaining that the Algerian government does not recognize the largely exorbitant coordinates contained in Royal Decree 236/2013, which overlap with the coordinates of Presidential Decree n° 18–96 establishing an exclusive economic zone off

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1210-641: The Baltic Sea area. Greece forms the southernmost part of the Balkan peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea . It includes many small islands which vary between 1,200 and 6,000 in the Aegean Sea and the Ionian Sea . The largest islands are Crete , Euboea , Lesbos , Rhodes and Chios . Greece's EEZ is bordered to the west by Albania and Italy , to the south by Libya and Egypt , and to

1265-926: The Cape Verde Basin and another extends north into the Canary Basin and within the Canary Islands. In the course of the Deep Sea Drilling Project and the Ocean Drilling Program , two research drillings were done so far, the DSDP 368 and the ODP 659. At the DSDP 368 location which was drilled 985 meters deep, it is divided into three units, the first unit composes of marls and oozes, the second composes of turbidites and

1320-606: The Cape Verde archipelago. The area is cited as one of two known breeding grounds for the humpback whale ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) of the Northern Hemisphere. Humpback whales migrate annually from the North Sea to winter around Cape Verde from January to mid-May. The humpback whale population became limited due to severe overfishing during the 19th century and, although the total North Atlantic population of humpbacks had rebounded to more than 10,000 individuals by 1993,

1375-423: The Cape Verde islands in 1456. The seamount is c. 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) wide at its foot and partially overlaps with Brava. Cadamosto and Brava may be part of a larger northeast-southwest trending alignment of volcanoes. It rises from a depth of 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) to about 1,380 metres (4,530 ft) depth and has a summit with three separate, well-preserved volcanic centres. Sediment cover

1430-435: The Cape Verde islands. Of these, Fogo has displayed the most recent activity with eruptions during historical time such as in 1769, 1785, 1799, 1847, 1853, 1857, 1951, 1995 and 2014/2015, and marine records show evidence of past sub-Plinian and Plinian eruptions . However, a more intense seismic activity occurs at Brava , where it appears to correlate with eruptions on Fogo, and at Cadamosto Seamount which appears to have

1485-476: The Cape Verde population remained uncertain as of 2009. Molluscs (Mollusks) in the deep waters within the Cape Verde islands include Tiberia apicifusca at depths between 273 m and 970 m below sea level. Cadamosto seamount Cadamosto Seamount is a seamount in the Cape Verde islands , 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Brava . It rises to a depth of 1,380 metres (4,530 ft) and partially overlaps with Brava. The seamount appears to be one of

1540-849: The EEZ include the Maritime Task Act (Seeaufgabengesetz) from 1965, the Maritime Facilities Act (Seeanlagengesetz) from 2017, and prior to that the Sea Facilities Ordinance (Seeanlagenverordnung) from 1997, the Federal Mining Act (Bundesberggesetz) and the Regional Planning Act (Raumordnungsgesetz). The German EEZ has an area of 32,982 km . About 70% of the EEZ covers Germany's entire North Sea area, while some 29% encompasses

1595-676: The EEZ of New Zealand proper, and do not include the EEZs of other territories in the Realm of New Zealand (the Cook Islands , Niue , Tokelau , and the Ross Dependency ). The exclusive economic zone of North Korea stretches 200 nautical miles from its basepoints in both the West Sea (Yellow Sea) and the Sea of Japan . The EEZ was declared in 1977 after North Korea had contested

1650-646: The Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The spreading rate was slow and moved a centimeter a year. Between 15 and 7 million years ago, they were volcanically active. Its only volcanic activities in the basin are in Fogo , Brava and the Cadamosto Seamount. Brava's last eruption was in the Holocene era. In the waters above the rise, eighteen species of whales and dolphins have been recorded in the waters of

1705-495: The Sea Around Us Project both indicate Japan's claimed boundaries, and do not take into account the claims of adjacent jurisdictions. Japan also refers to various categories of "shipping area" – Smooth Water Area, Coasting Area, Major or Greater Coasting Area, Ocean Going Area – but it is unclear whether these are intended to have any territorial or economic implications. Mexico's exclusive economic zones cover

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1760-548: The Spanish embassy in Algiers to show their eligibility in Algeria's exclusive economic zone. Considering the maritime areas claimed, the total area of Argentina reaches 3,849,756 km . The recognized Argentine EEZ area is 1,159,063 km . Australia's exclusive economic zone was declared on 1 August 1994, and extends from 12 to 200 nautical miles from the coastline of Australia and its external territories , except where

1815-549: The United Nations on 27 July 2018 declared its disagreement with the EEZ announced by Algeria and that the government of Spain indicated its willingness to enter into negotiations with the government of Algeria with a view to reaching a mutually acceptable agreement on the outer limits of their respective exclusive economic zones, The same was done by the Italian mission on 28 November 2018. The two countries indicated that

1870-581: The West Sea cannot be determined because of potential overlap and disputes over certain islands. In the Sea of Japan, the North Korean EEZ can be approximated to be trapezoidal -shaped. The border between North Korea and Russia's respective EEZs is the only such border that has been determined in East Asia. Here, the EEZ does not cause many problems, even with regards to South Korea, because

1925-430: The alteration of volcanic rocks by seawater. The genesis of the magmas erupted by Cadamosto Seamount involves the ascent of mantle melts into the crust , where storage and clinopyroxene crystallization take place. Only small amounts of crustal material and sediments are absorbed by the ascending magma, but mixing of the felsic magma with more mafic one has been inferred from dredged volcanic rocks. The formation of

1980-584: The baseline cover an additional 12,498 km , and EEZ covers 24,482 km for a total of 55,961 km . Cyprus EEZ covers 98,707 square km (38,100 square miles). Cyprus' EEZ borders those of Greece , Turkey , Syria , Lebanon , Israel and Egypt . The Kingdom of Denmark includes the constituent country ( selvstyre ) of Greenland and the constituent country ( hjemmestyre ) of the Faroe Islands . Area: 1,077,231 km Due to its numerous overseas departments and territories scattered on all oceans of

2035-530: The coast of Algeria. The Algerian government wished to emphasize that the unilateral delimitation carried out by Spain is not in conformity with the letter of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and has not taken into consideration the configuration, the specific characteristics, and the special circumstances of the Mediterranean Sea, in particular for the case of the two countries whose coasts are located face to face, as well as

2090-650: The east by Cyprus and Turkey . India is currently seeking to extend its EEZ to 350 miles. Indonesia has the 6th largest exclusive economic zone in the world. The total size is 6,159,032 km (2,378,016 sq mi). It claims an EEZ of 200 nautical miles from its shores. This is due to the 13,466 islands of the Indonesian Archipelago . It has the 2nd largest coastline of 54,720 km (34,000 mi). The five main islands are: Sumatra , Java , Borneo , Sulawesi , and Western New Guinea . There are two major island groups ( Nusa Tenggara and

2145-419: The exclusive economic zones includes the contiguous zone . States also have rights to the seabed of what is called the extended continental shelf up to 350 nmi (648 km) from the coastal baseline, beyond the exclusive economic zones, but such areas are not part of their exclusive economic zones. The legal definition of the continental shelf does not correspond exactly to the geological meaning of

2200-420: The last figure indicates China's claimed boundaries, and does not take into account adjacent powers' claims. Croatia proclaimed Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone in 2003, but it was not enforced toward other European Union states especially Italy and Slovenia. The zone was upgraded to EEZ in 2021 together with Italy and Slovenia. Territorial waters has 18,981 km , while internal waters located within

2255-564: The limits of Australia's EEZ. Australia also claimed, in its submission to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, additional Continental Shelf past its EEZ from the Australian Antarctic Territory , but these claims were deferred on Australia's request. However, Australia's EEZ from its Antarctic Territory is approximately 2 million square kilometres. Brazil 's EEZ includes areas around

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2310-510: The movement of magma in dykes , a magmatic system spanning Cadamosto, Brava and Fogo, and to a normal fault system between Brava and Cadamosto Seamount. The volcanic activity at Cadamosto Seamount may presage the future formation of a new island there. This might take up to 100,000 years. Coral gardens and sponges grow on Cadamosto Seamount and are populated by crabs , fish and other animals. Exclusive economic zone An exclusive economic zone ( EEZ ), as prescribed by

2365-710: The north and the Equatorial Atlantic Current around the south of the rise. Nola Seamount may be the tallest seamount within Cape Verde with its elevation ranging from 60–70 meters deep, and probably the Cape Verde Rise. Over 1,500 km west of the rise are two fracture zones located at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge , the Kane , the Fifteen-Twenty and Jacksonville . In the rise there are 13 smaller fracture zones, three extends as far as

2420-408: The objective rules and relevant principles of international law to govern the equitable delimitation of the maritime areas between Algeria and Spain, in accordance with article 74 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Algeria expressed its willingness to negotiate for a just solution. On 20 June 2019, a communication from Algeria was sent. It was addressed to the Italian embassy and

2475-438: The phonolitic magma might take place within large magma chambers . Ages of crystals found in dredge samples indicate that the magmatic system of Cadamosto Seamount is about 1.52 million years old. Dredged rocks themselves have yielded ages of 97,000 ± 14,000, 51,800 ± 2,400 and 21,140 ± 620 years by argon-argon dating . Volcanic activity appears to have been influenced by sea level variations, with eruptions occurring during

2530-600: The planet, France possesses the largest EEZ in the world, covering 11,691,000 km (4,514,000 sq mi). The EEZ of France covers approximately 7% of the total surface of all the EEZs of the world, whereas the land area of the French Republic is only 0.45% of the total land area of Earth. Germany declared the establishment of its exclusive economic zone in the North and Baltic Seas on 1 January 1995. The relevant German legal provisions that are applicable within

2585-522: The recently active volcanic centres of the Cape Verde islands and has produced phonolite . The seamount has had intense volcanic eruptions in the late Pleistocene , and recent seismic activity indicates that volcanism is ongoing. Cadamosto Seamount lies about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of the island of Brava in the Cape Verde islands and within the Cabo Verde exclusive economic zone . Its name refers to Alvise Cadamosto , who discovered

2640-492: The sea is not thought to be rich in resources. Norway has a large exclusive economic zone of 819,620 km around its coast. The country has a fishing zone of 1,878,953 km , including fishing zones around Svalbard and Jan Mayen . In April 2009, the United Nations Commission for the Limits of the Continental Shelf approved Norway's claim to an additional 235,000 square kilometres of continental shelf. The commission found that Norway and Russia both had valid claims over

2695-559: The second is merely a "sovereign right" which refers to the coastal state's rights below the surface of the sea. The surface waters are international waters . Generally, a state's exclusive economic zone is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea, extending seaward to a distance of no more than 200 nmi (370 km) out from its coastal baseline . The exception to this rule occurs when exclusive economic zones would overlap; that is, state coastal baselines are less than 400 nmi (741 km) apart. When an overlap occurs, it

2750-404: The state in question. It is also referred to as a maritime continental margin and, in colloquial usage, may include the continental shelf . The term does not include either the territorial sea or the continental shelf beyond the 200 nautical mile limit. The difference between the territorial sea and the exclusive economic zone is that the first confers full sovereignty over the waters, whereas

2805-419: The term, as it also includes the continental rise and slope, and the entire seabed within the exclusive economic zone. The idea of allotting nations' EEZs to give them more control of maritime affairs outside territorial limits gained acceptance in the late 20th century. Initially, a country's sovereign territorial waters extended 3 nmi (6 km) (range of cannon shot) beyond the shore. In modern times,

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2860-486: The third composes of black shales, they lie above pelagic limestones and the oceanic crust. In that area are five basaltic sills. DSDP 368 is east of the island of Boa Vista. The oldest rocks dates back to 155 million years ago during the Kimmeridgian era in the area what is now the east of the rise, around 131 to 128 million years ago, the seamounts of Maio and Santiago were formed, at the time they were closer to

2915-676: The validity of the Northern Limit Lines (NLL) set up after the Korean War as maritime borders. The EEZ has not been codified in law and North Korea has never specified its coordinates, making it difficult to determine its specific scope. In the West Sea, the EEZ remains unspecified in the Korea Bay because China has not determined its own EEZ in the area. The border between the North Korean and South Korean EEZs in

2970-488: Was not until 1982 with the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea that the 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone was formally adopted. The exact extent of exclusive economic zones is a common source of conflicts between states over marine waters. Regions where a permanent ice shelf extends beyond the coastline are also a source of potential dispute. Fisheries management , usually adhering to guidelines set by

3025-595: Was signed in Nicosia by Israeli Infrastructure Minister Uzi Landau and the Cypriot Foreign Minister Markos Kyprianou. The two countries agreed to cooperate in the development of any cross-border resources discovered and to negotiate an agreement on dividing joint resources. Italy has an EEZ of 541,915 km (209,235 sq mi). The country claims an EEZ of 200 nautical miles from its shores, and its three coastlines are

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