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45-435: The first settlements congregated around the port of Poços , along the northern edge that divides Capelas from São Vicente Ferreira ; its first settlers establishing shelters in and around the 16th Century. With elevation of Capelas to (religious) parish it became integrated within the municipality of Ponta Delgada (on 11 July 1592). This administrative dependency lasted until it was elevated to status of vila , as stipulated by

90-500: A crucial role during centuries when Capelas was an important whaling center. On the fourth Sunday of August, the community celebrates the feast day of the parishes patron, Our Lady of the Presentation . Similar acts of faith are also expressed in the festivals of Corpo de Deus ( Body of Christ ) and Nossa Senhora de Lurdes ( Our Lady of Lourdes ). Apart from celebrating masses, a typical religious procession will wind through

135-583: A male consort could not become a king jure uxoris until the queen regnant had a child and royal heir. Although Queen Maria II married her second husband in 1836, Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha did not become King Ferdinand II until 1837, when their first child was born. Queen Maria's first husband, Auguste of Beauharnais , never became monarch, because he died before he could father an heir. The queen's child did not have to be born after her accession. For example, Queen Maria I already had children by her husband when she acceded, so he became King Peter III at

180-435: A result of marriage. Another famous instance of jure uxoris occurring was in the case of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick , who gained said title via his marriage to Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick , herself a daughter of Richard Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick . Sigismund of Luxembourg married Queen Mary of Hungary and obtained the crown through her, retaining it after her death in 1395. A man who held

225-480: A stillborn boy in 1762. King José died on 24 February 1777. His daughter, Maria, then became the first undisputed queen regnant of Portugal . With Maria's accession, her husband became nominal king as Dom Pedro III, but the actual regal authority was vested solely in Maria, as she was the lineal heir of the crown. Also, as Pedro's kingship was jure uxoris only, his reign would cease in the event of Maria's death, and

270-411: A title jure uxoris could retain it even after the death or divorce of his wife. When the marriage of Marie I of Boulogne and Matthew of Boulogne was annulled in 1170, Marie ceased to be countess, while Matthew I continued to reign until 1173. Likewise, upon the death of Maria, Queen of Sicily in 1401, her widower Martin I of Sicily continued to reign as King until his death in 1409. In some cases,

315-687: Is admired as a key figure in the eventual independence of Brazil . It was during her reign, albeit through the government of her son's regency, that many of the national institutions and organizations in Brazil were created. These institutions were the precursors to their modern-day equivalents and granted large degree of power to the Brazilian colonials. While she is often called A Louca (the Mad) in Brazil, Brazilian and Portuguese historians hold her in high esteem. Maria married her uncle Pedro on 6 June 1760. At

360-544: Is celebrated as a strong female figure. Her legacy shines at Portugal's Queluz Palace, a baroque-roccoco masterpiece that she helped conceive. A large statue of her stands in front of the palace, and a pousada near the palace is named in her honour. A large marble statue of the queen was erected at the Portuguese National Library in Lisbon by the students of Joaquim Machado de Castro. In Brazil, Maria

405-726: The Act for the Marriage of Queen Mary to Philip of Spain specifically to prevent Philip from seizing power on the basis of jure uxoris . As it turned out, the marriage produced no children, and Mary died in 1558, ending Philip's jure uxoris claims in England and Ireland, as envisaged by the Act, and was followed by the accession of Elizabeth I , who never married. In Navarre , Jeanne d'Albret had married Antoine of Navarre in 1548, and she became queen regnant at her father's death in 1555. Antoine

450-524: The Carta de Lei ( Charter Law ) conferred by Queen D. Maria , on July 10, 1839. There exists a couple of versions for Capela's toponymic origin. Father Gaspar Frutuoso in Saudades das Terras notes the following: Likewise, the brothers Bullar, in an account in their journeys, referred to a likely reality: they refer to a general local reference to the rocks along the coast as capelas , rocks taking on

495-523: The Princess of Beira on the day of her birth. Maria's grandfather João V died on 31 July 1750. Her father, Prince José, then succeeded to the throne as Dom José I. As José's eldest child, Maria became his heir presumptive and was given the traditional titles of Princess of Brazil and Duchess of Braganza . King José's government was dominated completely by Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal . The Marquis of Pombal secured control of

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540-628: The Carmo Convent in Rio de Janeiro at the age of 81. After her death, the prince regent was acclaimed as King Dom João VI. In 1821, Maria's body was returned to Lisbon to be interred in a mausoleum in the Estrela Basilica ( Portuguese : Basílica da Estrela ), which she had helped found. Maria is a greatly admired figure in both Brazil and Portugal due to the tremendous changes and events that took place during her reign. In Portugal, she

585-510: The appearance of small grottos and seeming to appear as chapels. Its main church, to the invocation of Nossa Senhora da Apresentação ( Our Lady of the Presentation ) was raised on the ruins of an older priory and concluded in 1780. Similarly, the church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição, built on the orders of Captain Agostinho de Medeiros Costa, in the 17th century, and reconstructed and expanded in 1830. Although Capelas may not have been named for

630-549: The carriage. The queen's dementia was so great that she feared that she was going to be tortured or robbed during her movement by her servants. In January 1808 Prince Regent João and his court arrived in Salvador da Bahia . Under pressure by local aristocracy and the British, the prince regent signed a commercial regulation after his arrival that opened commerce between Brazil and friendly nations, which in this case represented

675-699: The country officially considers those territories still to be Portuguese possessions.) On 29 September 1801 Prince Dom João signed the Treaty of Madrid (1801) , ceding half of Portuguese Guyana to France, which became French Guiana . The refusal of the Portuguese government to join the French-sponsored Continental Blockade against Britain culminated in the late 1807 Franco-Spanish invasion of Portugal led by General Jean-Andoche Junot . The ultimate Napoleonic plan for Portugal

720-554: The crown would pass to Maria's descendants. However, Pedro predeceased his wife in 1786. Maria is considered to have been a good ruler in the period prior to her madness. Her first act as queen was to dismiss the autocratic minister , the Marquis of Pombal . Noteworthy events of this period include Portugal's membership in the League of Armed Neutrality (July 1782) and the 1781 cession of Delagoa Bay from Austria to Portugal. However,

765-507: The government after the 1755 Lisbon earthquake , in which around 100,000 people lost their lives. The palace of Maria's birth was also destroyed in the disaster. After the earthquake, King José was often uncomfortable at the thought of staying in enclosed spaces, and later experienced claustrophobia . The king had a palace built in Ajuda, away from the city centre. This palace became known as Real Barraca de Ajuda (Royal Hut at Ajuda) because it

810-512: The hands-on care of King George III, Willis deemed the queen incurable. Maria's second son, Dom João (John), now Prince of Brazil, took over the government in her name, even though he only took the title of Prince Regent in 1799. When the Real Barraca de Ajuda burnt down in 1794, the court was forced to move to Queluz, where the ill queen would lie in her apartments all day. Visitors would complain of terrible screams that would echo throughout

855-681: The husband gained the right to possess his wife's land during the marriage, including any acquired after the marriage. Whilst he did not gain the formal legal title to the lands, he was able to spend the rents and profits of the land and sell his right, even if the wife protested. The concept of jure uxoris was standard in the Middle Ages even for queens regnant . In the Kingdom of Jerusalem , Fulk, King of Jerusalem ; Guy of Lusignan ; Conrad of Montferrat ; Henry II, Count of Champagne ; and Amalric II of Jerusalem all received their titles as

900-478: The inauguration of the Palace of Ajuda and other new monuments. The death of her husband in 1786, followed by the deaths in 1788 of her eldest son, José, and her confessor Inácio de São Caetano , caused the queen to develop clinical depression . Her second son, João, then served as prince regent . With Napoleon 's European conquests, Maria and her court moved to the Portuguese colony of Brazil in 1807. After Brazil

945-399: The industry of coarse cloth for the use of slaves and workers; since the Portuguese colonial administration did not look favorably on the development of industrial activities in Brazil for fear of economic and, perhaps, political independence. During her reign, the trial, conviction and execution of ensign Joaquim José da Silva Xavier , known as Tiradentes, took place in 1789. Maria's madness

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990-540: The interests of Great Britain above all. This law broke an important colonial pact that had previously allowed Brazil to maintain direct commercial relations only with Portugal. On 1 August 1808 British General Arthur Wellesley (later Duke of Wellington ) landed a British army in Lisbon to initiate the Peninsular War . The impact of Wellesley's initial victory over Junot at the Battle of Vimeiro (21 August 1808)

1035-516: The kingdom could pass to the husband's heirs, even when they were not issue of the wife in question (e.g. Jogaila , who became king by marrying Jadwiga and passed on the kingdom to his children with Sophia of Halshany ). Kings jure uxoris in the medieval era include: By the time of the Renaissance , laws and customs had changed in some countries: a woman sometimes remained monarch, with only part of her power transferred to her husband. This

1080-521: The moment of his wife's accession. Currently in Spain, the husband of a peeress in her own right may use his wife's title socially, although he is not technically entitled to it under the law. For example, Jaime de Marichalar was often referred to as the Duke of Lugo during his marriage to Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo . After their divorce, he ceased to use the title. His brother-in-law Iñaki Urdangarin

1125-466: The office or title suo jure ("in her own right"). Similarly, the husband of an heiress could become the legal possessor of her lands. For example, married women in England and Wales were legally incapable of owning real estate until the Married Women's Property Act 1882 . During the feudal era, the husband's control over his wife's real property, including titles, was substantial. On marriage,

1170-615: The palace. In 1801 Spanish Prime Minister Manuel de Godoy sent an army to invade Portugal with backing from the French leader Napoleon , resulting in the War of the Oranges . Though the Spanish ended their invasion, the Treaty of Badajoz on 6 June 1801 forced Portugal to cede Olivença and other border towns to Spain. (This cession is not recognized by the present Portuguese government, and

1215-399: The public pools around Poços is the ruins of the mixed-use factory used to process whale oil and mill flour. In Calhau Miúdo there existed two factories (Companhia Nova and Companhia Velha) to process whale byproducts during this period. Located along the northern coast, the parish has been connected to major centers by a series of roads linking the community to the city of Ponta Delgada (to

1260-402: The queen suffering from melancholia and declining mental health (perhaps due to porphyria ) made her incapable of handling state affairs after 1792. On 5 January 1785 the queen issued a charter imposing heavy restrictions on industrial activity in Brazil; how, for example, it prohibited the manufacture of fabrics and other products, extinguishing all textile manufactures in the colony, except

1305-535: The religious sanctuaries that were erected there, there are many to speak of, including the chapels of Anjo da Guarda, Santa Rita, Nossa Senhora do Rosário and Nossa Senhora de Santana, as well as many smaller hermitages to the invocation of the Holy Spirit. During the whaling era in the Azores (early to middle 20th Century), Capelas was an important northern processing center on the island of São Miguel; close to

1350-563: The roads in the parish, accompanied by the traditional philharmonic bands. Maria I of Portugal Dona Maria I (17 December 1734 – 20 March 1816) was Queen of Portugal from 24 February 1777 until her death in 1816. Known as Maria the Pious in Portugal and Maria the Mad in Brazil, she was the first undisputed queen regnant of Portugal and the first monarch of Brazil . Maria

1395-482: The south), Mosteiros (to the west) and Ribeira Grande (to the east). Farmlands dominate the north and east portions of the parish, while the area from the E.R.1-1ª regional road towards the interior are dominated by mountains, river valleys and some ancient volcanic cones. The administrative extent of Capelas incorporates the localities ( Portuguese : lugares ) of Teatro Novo, Conceição and Poços. Capelas has two small ports, one of which (known as "Poços") played

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1440-529: The subsequent invasion of Spain and France. In 1815 Prince João's government elevated Brazil to the status of a kingdom, and Maria was proclaimed Queen of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves . When Napoleon was finally defeated in 1815, Maria and her family remained in Brazil. Maria lived in Brazil for a total of eight years, always in a state of incapacitation. In 1816, she died at

1485-421: The throne. Her husband Pedro was nominally king alongside her as Dom Pedro III. Upon ascending the throne, Maria dismissed her father's powerful chief minister, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal . The early part of Maria's reign witnessed growth in Portugal's economy. Maria had a number of national buildings constructed and renovated, leading to the completion of the Palace of Queluz and

1530-406: The time of their marriage, Maria was 25 and Pedro was 42. Despite the age gap, the couple had a happy marriage. Upon Maria's accession in 1777, her husband became the nominal King Dom Pedro III of Portugal. They had the following children: Jure uxoris Jure uxoris (a Latin phrase meaning "by right of (his) wife") describes a title of nobility used by a man because his wife holds

1575-477: The urging of the British government, the entire House of Braganza decided to flee on 29 November 1807 to establish a government in exile in the Portuguese Viceroyalty of Brazil . Along with the royal family, Maria was transported aboard the carrack Príncipe Real . During her move from the royal palace to the docks she was heard screaming throughout the trip, in the middle of the crowd and in

1620-570: Was crowned co-ruler jure uxoris with Jeanne in August. In Great Britain, husbands acted on their wives' behalf in the House of Lords , from which women were once barred. These offices were exercised jure uxoris . When Lady Priscilla Bertie inherited the title Baroness Willougby de Eresby in 1780, she also held the position of Lord Great Chamberlain . However, her husband Sir Peter Gwydyr acted on her behalf in that office instead. In Portugal,

1665-604: Was elevated to a kingdom in 1815, Maria became Queen of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves . Upon her death in 1816, her son succeeded her as King Dom João VI. Maria was born at the Ribeira Palace in Lisbon and baptized Maria Francisca Isabel Josefa Antónia Gertrudes Rita Joana. She was the eldest of four daughters born to Dom José (Joseph), Prince of Brazil (later King Dom José I of Portugal ), and Infanta Mariana Victoria of Spain . Her father José

1710-796: Was first officially noticed in 1786, when she had to be carried back to her apartments in a state of delirium. Afterward, the queen's mental state became increasingly worse. On 25 May 1786, her husband died; Maria was devastated and forbade any court entertainments. According to a contemporary account, state festivities began to resemble religious ceremonies. The queen's eldest son and heir, Prince Dom José, died aged 27 from smallpox on 11 September 1788, and her confessor Inácio de São Caetano , Titular Archbishop of Salonica , died in November that year. These deaths may have resulted in Queen Maria developing major depressive disorder . Another potential cause

1755-419: Was her incestuous ancestry; this is substantiated by two of her sisters having had similar conditions. In February 1792, Maria was deemed insane and was treated by Francis Willis , the same physician who attended the British king George III . Willis wanted to take her to England, but the plan was refused by the Portuguese court. Potentially as a result of Willis' more advisory role in Maria's care, rather than

1800-583: Was made of wood. The family spent much time at the large palace. (The palace was the birthplace of Maria's first child, José , English: Dom Joseph .) In 1794 the palace burned to the ground and the Palace of Ajuda was built in its place. On 6 June 1760 Maria married the king's younger brother, her uncle Pedro (later King Dom Pedro III of Portugal). Maria and Pedro had six children: José, João Francisco, João (later King Dom João VI ), Mariana Vitória , Maria Clementina, and Maria Isabel. Only José, João, and Mariana Vitória survived to adulthood. Maria also delivered

1845-418: Was the eldest daughter of King Dom José I (Joseph I) of Portugal and Queen Mariana Victoria . As the heir to the throne, she held the titles of Princess of Brazil and Duchess of Braganza . She married her uncle Infante Pedro (Peter) in 1760. They had six children, of whom three survived infancy: José , João (John), and Mariana Vitória . The death of King José in 1777 placed Maria, then 42 years old, on

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1890-417: Was the eldest surviving son of the reigning King Dom João V (John V) of Portugal and his wife Maria Anna of Austria . Her mother, Mariana Victoria, was the eldest daughter of King Don Felipe V (Philip V) of Spain and Queen Elisabeth Farnese . This made her the eldest grandchild of King Dom João V (John V) of Portugal and King Don Felipe (Philip) V of Spain. King João appointed his granddaughter Maria as

1935-665: Was to split it into three sections. The northern parts of Portugal, from the Douro to the Minho, would become the Kingdom of Northern Lusitania , and its throne was promised to King Louis II of Etruria . The Alentejo Province and Kingdom of the Algarve would be merged to form the Principality of the Algarves , of which Manuel de Godoy would be sovereign. The remaining portion of Portugal would have been directly ruled by France. At

1980-432: Was usually the case when multiple kingdoms were consolidated, such as when Isabella and Ferdinand shared crowns. The precedent of jure uxoris complicated the lives of Henry VIII 's daughters, both of whom inherited the throne in their own right. The marriage of Mary I to King Philip in 1554 was seen as a political act, as an attempt to bring England and Ireland under the influence of Catholic Spain. Parliament passed

2025-510: Was wiped out by his superiors in the Convention of Cintra (30 August 1808), which allowed the defeated French troops to evacuate peacefully from Portugal. Wellesley (soon to be made Lord Wellington) returned to Portugal on 22 April 1809 to recommence the campaign. Portuguese forces under British command distinguished themselves in the defence of the Lines of Torres Vedras (1809–1810) and in

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