142-395: Drum Corps International (DCI) is the largest governing body for drum and bugle corps in the world. Since its first competitive season in 1972, hundreds of corps have held membership, many of which have become inactive. This page is a list of defunct Drum Corps International member corps , particularly those that have been finalists multiple times. The 27th Lancers Drum and Bugle Corps
284-727: A 10-acre (4.0 ha) orchard and a herd of 13,000 cattle. Fort Sutter became a regular stop for the increasing number of immigrants coming through the valley. In 1847, Sutter Sr. received 2,000 fruit trees, which started the agriculture industry in the Sacramento Valley. Later that year, Sutter Sr. hired James Marshall to build a sawmill so he could continue to expand his empire, but unbeknownst to many, Sutter Sr.'s "empire" had been built on thin margins of credit. In 1848, when James W. Marshall discovered gold at Sutter's Mill in Coloma (some 50 mi or 80.5 km northeast of
426-498: A DCI member, or to maintain membership, a corps must pass an evaluation by the board of directors. The evaluation requires corps to submit data on their financial health, fundraising capacity and income, participants, staffing, and explanations of their administrative structure. All corps are required to be tax-exempt organizations. Once approved by the board, a new corps must achieve certain competitive requirements, such as attending World Championships. The corps must then be approved by
568-529: A bingo operation as planned due to state restrictions on new non-profits. After the 1993 season, the corps declared bankruptcy for the second time. The latest iteration of the Sky Ryders formed in Kansas City, Missouri as an exhibition corps, marching in parades and hosting several competitions. However, it never fully formed a competitive unit and dissolved in 2003. In 2023, a group of alumni organized
710-496: A corps is ranked at the DCI Championships, the higher the performance fees they will earn for the following season's performances. Open Class (formerly Divisions II & III) corps are committed to a lesser competitive level and are generally smaller, although several corps have marched with maximum membership. In September 2007, DCI combined the former Divisions II and III into this new class. International Class
852-1129: A day or two of light rainfall in May or October. The normal annual mean temperature is 61.8 °F (16.6 °C), with the monthly daily average temperature ranging from 47.3 °F (8.5 °C) in December to 75.9 °F (24.4 °C) in July. Summer heat is sometimes moderated by a sea breeze known as the "delta breeze" which comes through the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta from the San Francisco Bay , and temperatures cool down sharply at night. The foggiest months are December and January. Tule fog can be extremely dense, lowering visibility to less than 100 feet (30 m) and making driving conditions extremely hazardous. Chilling tule fog events have been known to last for several consecutive days or weeks. During Tule fog events, temperatures do not exceed 50 °F (10 °C). Snowfall
994-789: A facet of the North Star Drum and Bugle Corps. The corps played in Catholic Youth Organization (CYO) and Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) drum corps competitions, but they eventually became dissatisfied with the rigid rules and low payouts. In 1971, the 27th Lancers, along with the Blessed Sacrament Golden Knights, Blue Rock, Garfield Cadets , and Boston Crusaders , formed the United Organization of Junior Corps (popularly known as "The Alliance") and marketed themselves as
1136-559: A federal court. The Guardsmen Drum and Bugle Corps was a Division I corps. Located in Schaumburg, Illinois , the Guardsmen were known for their Britain-inspired themes, using popular folk songs from the country in their shows. The corps was also notable for appearing in advertisements, starring in commercials for Kentucky Fried Chicken and RC Cola during the mid-seventies. The corps was founded in 1961 as an all-girl drill team;
1278-574: A feeder corps known as the Kiltie Kadets in the fall of 1958. During the sixties, the Kilties continued with their upward trajectory, winning the national championships of the VFW three times. In 1972, they became one of the finalists in the inaugural year of Drum Corps International. They would continue as finalists until 1975 and then again from 1977 to 1978. The corps went inactive in 1980, blaming
1420-567: A few more years of waning competitive success, the corps went inactive after the 1979 season. The Argonne Rebels returned as a Class A corps in 1983, but went permanently defunct after the 1984 season. The Bridgemen Drum and Bugle Corps (formerly St. Andrew's Bridgemen ) was an Open Class corps. Based in Bayonne, New Jersey , the Bridgemen were among the thirty-nine corps present at the first Drum Corps International championships. Named after
1562-573: A finalist in 1980. The Guardsmen continued until 1990 when financial difficulties forced the corps into inactivity. A cadet corps briefly resurfaced from 1992 to 1994 until it too ultimately folded. The Kilties Drum and Bugle Corps (popularly known as the Kilts ) was an Open Class corps based in Racine, Wisconsin . Through their presence, alongside the Racine Scouts Drum and Bugle Corps and
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#17328013423041704-535: A local DCI competition, and World Class corps partner. The week-long championship have been hosted at college or professional sports arenas in eighteen U.S. cities and Montreal . Since 2009, World Class Championships have been hosted at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana . In 2015, DCI announced World Championships would remain in Indianapolis through 2028. Championships were traditionally held
1846-555: A majority of other members at a meeting following World Championships, usually the annual rules congress later in the year. All-age corps are ineligible for membership, but they may qualify as "touring" corps during a competitive season. International corps, or corps based outside the United States and Canada, are also ineligible for membership. However, an international corps that adopts DCI's regulations, specifically instrumentation and participant age limits, may also qualify as
1988-417: A massive adobe structure with walls 18 feet (5.5 m) high and three feet (0.91 m) thick. Representing Mexico, Sutter Sr. called his colony New Helvetia , a Swiss-inspired name, and was the political authority and dispenser of justice in the new settlement. Soon, the colony began to grow as more and more pioneers headed west. Within just a few short years, Sutter Sr. had become a grand success, owning
2130-612: A month 761 structures were re-built, many of them in brick. In spite of all these hardships the new city's location just downstream from the Mother Lode in the Sierra Nevada proved irresistible, and it grew rapidly during the early 1850s, attracting a population of 10,000. The Great Flood of 1862 from December 1861 to January 1862 caused the worst flooding in Sacramento's history. In 1861, Governor Leland Stanford , who
2272-685: A new store at 12th and K street, the US$ 2 ;million Senator Hotel was opened, Sacramento's drinking water became filtered and treated drinking water, and Sacramento boxer Georgie Lee fought Francisco Guilledo , a Filipino professional boxer known as Pancho Villa, at L Street Auditorium on March 21. Early in World War II, the Sacramento Assembly Center (also known as the Walerga Assembly Center)
2414-486: A package deal. This paralleled another group in the country known as the Midwest Alliance. These two groups eventually joined together and formed Drum Corps International. The 27th Lancers made a total of twelve finals appearances during their fifteen years as members of DCI. In 1980, they earned their highest position with a silver medal. That year, they were also chosen to represent North American drum corps at
2556-407: A partnership to create an All-Age Class for the 2024 and 2025 competitive seasons. As the self-styled "Marching Music's Major League", DCI's mission is to create an environment for participating corps "to engage in education, competition, entertainment, and the promotion of individual growth." The organization also emphasizes positive life-transforming experiences for all participants. To become
2698-546: A poor competitive season the year prior and a lack of local participation and funding. The corps subsequently came back for two more years, last competing in 1982. In 1992, an alumni corps was formed to celebrate the 20th anniversary of Drum Corps International. From this group, came a competitive senior drum corps bearing the Kilties banner. The senior Kilties began competing in Drum Corps Associates competitions starting in 1995 and continued until 2016. Although
2840-401: A small Chinatown mall remains as well as a museum dedicated to the history of Sacramento's Chinatown. The Newton Booth Historic District, named for Newton Booth , is located on the southeast corner of Sacramento's original 1848 street grid. The oldest part of the town besides Sutter's Fort is Old Sacramento , which consists of cobbled streets and many historic buildings, several from
2982-486: A small ensemble or instrument choir. Color guard and dance categories are also available. In 2005, I&E was expanded to include woodwind and vocal categories. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, all I&E events were shifted to a digital format in 2020 and 2021. No I&E festival has taken place, in any format, since 2022. DCI utilizes a single adjudication handbook with corps subdivided by size, and not skill level. A multi-tier classification and adjudication system
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#17328013423043124-673: A spot in finals. After the 1999 season, the corps went inactive to recuperate finances. In 2002, the corps returned in full force, albeit competing in Division II as stipulated by Drum Corps International due to their hiatus. Despite part of a lower class, the corps subsequently won their division and achieved 11th place among all competing corps, again regaining finalist status. In 2003, the Magic of Orlando once again ran into financial difficulties, relocating to Clermont and opening up bingo operations for fundraising. Despite these fluctuations,
3266-635: A total of eight times between 1984 and 1992, reaching their highest placement of 7th in 1987. From 1992, the corps saw a sharp decline in its fundraising from bingo. This led to growing debt and an eventual audit from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Its financial and legal troubles led to the demise of the corps in 1997. Several of its staff and members later helped found the Impulse Drum and Bugle Corps in 1998. Drum Corps International Drum Corps International ( DCI )
3408-500: A touring corps in either Open or World Class. DCI limits the age of participants for Open Class and World Class corps to "21 years of age and younger." A participant who is 22 years before June 1 is unable to compete. Some European and Asian drum corps associations have no age limit. Corps from those associations are allowed to compete at sanctioned competitions, and at World Championships in International Class. Due to
3550-581: Is a governing body for drum and bugle corps . Founded in 1971 and known as "marching music's major league," DCI develops and enforces rules of competition and judges at sanctioned drum and bugle corps competitions throughout the United States and Canada . It is headquartered in Indianapolis , Indiana . In 2023, Drum Corps Associates (DCA) and DCI joined to become the sole governing body for drum and bugle corps in North America. In 1971, at
3692-439: Is also the exclusive producer of all broadcasts of sanctioned competitions, including online streaming. Edited versions of World Championship Open Class finals were televised by PBS from 1975 until 2004. From 2005 to 2007, a two-hour highlights program of World Championship Division I finals was broadcast by ESPN2 . Since 2004, World Championship World Class prelims have been broadcast to movie theaters by Fathom Events under
3834-418: Is class available to all corps whose members do not meet DCI's age limits. A competitive All-Age Class and All-Age Class Championships will be made available during the 2024 and 2025 seasons in partnership with DCA. DCI's Adjudication Manual is based on three broad categories, Visual, Music and Effect. Visual and Music categories are further subdivided into three analysis captions. If more than one adjudicator
3976-405: Is for corps based outside the U.S. and Canada who wish to compete at sanctioned competitions. Corps in this class are allowed to follow the guidelines of their national governing body, such as: no age restrictions, smaller membership requirements, or the use of woodwind instruments. International corps which abide by DCI rules would be eligible to compete as Open or World Class corps. All-Age Class
4118-511: Is rare in Sacramento, which is only 25 ft (8 m) above sea level . In the downtown area, only three significant snow accumulations have occurred since 1900, the last one being in 1976. During especially cold winter and spring storms, intense showers do occasionally produce a significant amount of hail, which can create hazardous driving conditions. Snowfall in the city often melts upon ground contact, with traceable amounts occurring in some years. Significant annual snow accumulations occur in
4260-471: Is still possible to view portions of the " Sacramento Underground ". The city's current charter was adopted by voters in 1920. As a charter city , Sacramento is exempt from many laws and regulations passed by the state legislature . The city has expanded continuously over the years. The 1964 merger of the City of North Sacramento with Sacramento substantially increased its population, and large annexations of
4402-603: Is the capital city of the U.S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County . Located at the confluence of the Sacramento and American Rivers in Northern California 's Sacramento Valley , Sacramento's 2020 population of 524,943 makes it the fourth-most populous city in Northern California, the sixth-most populous in the state , the ninth-most populous state capital, and
List of defunct Drum Corps International member corps - Misplaced Pages Continue
4544-987: Is utilized in any caption, their scores are averaged before being factored. All-age corps may request to be adjudicated using scoring sheets provided by DCA . Many All-age corps may compete exclusively at DCI sanctioned competitions prior to attending the DCA World Championships, which is traditionally hosted on or before Labor Day weekend. Below is a list of past champions organized by class. DCI realigned its class structure in 1992, and again in 2008. DCI does not record or announce de facto champions. East Coast Jazz (Division II / III Grand Champion) All-age class divisions are based on ensemble size, and are similar to class alignments utilized by Drum Corps Associates . Sacramento, California Sacramento ( / ˌ s æ k r ə ˈ m ɛ n t oʊ / SAK -rə- MEN -toh ; Spanish: [sakɾaˈmento] ; Spanish for ' sacrament ')
4686-563: The 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York , playing for the opening and closing ceremonies. In 1985, they placed 13th, just outside of qualifying for finals. Citing financial difficulties, the corps folded after the 1986 season. In 1994, an alumni corps was assembled to perform one last time at finals, serving as an exhibition corps. The Argonne Rebels Drum and Bugle Corps was an Open Class corps. Based in Great Bend, Kansas ,
4828-655: The 35th most populous in the United States . Sacramento is the seat of the California Legislature and the governor of California . Sacramento is also the cultural and economic core of the Greater Sacramento area , which at the 2020 census had a population of 2,680,831, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in California. Before the arrival of the Spanish , the area was inhabited by
4970-484: The Bayonne Bridge , the drum corps was famous for their bright yellow coats and their Broadway-inspired choreography. The Bridgemen were founded in 1964 by local Catholic pastor Joseph Donovan who saw a drum corps as a good youth activity for the local parish. They had their first public performances as a parade band in 1965 and eventually started to compete in local drum corps competitions the next year. In 1967,
5112-661: The Capitalaires ) was a Division I corps based in Sacramento, California . The group began in 1930 as a parade corps sponsored by the George W. Manhart Post #391 of the American Legion. By 1964, membership had dwindled, and the color guard split off to create an all-girl drum corps known as the Manhart Capitalaires and started competing. The group went co-ed after the 1970 season and changed their name to
5254-681: The Chicagoland Music Festival . However, the corps continued to operate primarily as an exhibition unit, playing in halftime shows for the Green Bay Packers and during games of the Racine Belles . It was not until 1949 that the corps began focusing on competitive pursuits, earning top positions in several contests, including that of the American Legion, where they competed against the Racine Scouts for
5396-590: The Natomas area eventually led to significant population growth throughout the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Sacramento County (along with a portion of adjacent Placer County ) is served by a customer-owned electric utility, the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD). Sacramento voters approved the creation of SMUD in 1923. In April 1946, after 12 years of litigation, a judge ordered Pacific Gas & Electric to transfer
5538-632: The Nisenan , Maidu , and other indigenous peoples of California . In 1808, Spanish cavalryman Gabriel Moraga surveyed and named the Río del Santísimo Sacramento (Sacramento River), after the Blessed Sacrament . In 1839, Juan Bautista Alvarado , Mexican governor of Alta California , granted the responsibility of colonizing the Sacramento Valley to Swiss -born Mexican citizen John Augustus Sutter , who subsequently established Sutter's Fort and
5680-685: The Northeast known informally as the Alliance. Its members were: 27th Lancers , Garfield Cadets , Boston Crusaders , Blessed Sacrament Golden Knights, and Blue Rock. Despite objections from veterans associations, and boycotts by adjudicators, both the Combine and the Alliance remained intact for the 1971 competitive season. After discussions during the VFW National Championships, the members of both groups agreed to meet at
5822-569: The Sacramento Public Library , and K Street , a historic street home to apartments, retail, and historical buildings. In addition, Downtown Sacramento is home to several hotels including the Citizen Hotel, housed in one of the first skyscrapers built in the city. East Sacramento is a neighborhood in between Midtown and Sacramento State. This neighborhood is well known for being home to McKinley Park and Rose Garden and
List of defunct Drum Corps International member corps - Misplaced Pages Continue
5964-534: The Sacramento River . Sutter Jr. and Brannan had United States Army Captain William H. Warner assigned to draft the official layout of the city, which included 26 lettered and 31 numbered streets (today's grid from C St. to Broadway and from Front St. to Alhambra Blvd.) Relations between Sutter and his son became embittered after Sacramento became an overnight commercial success. (Sutter's Fort, Mill, and
6106-491: The Suncoast Sound Drum and Bugle Corps of Pinellas Park , several of its staff members moved upward toward Orlando to start a new corps. This included the former music director of Suncoast Sound, Robert W. Smith , who became the corps director for the fledgling group. The group was immediately successful, earning semi-finalist status in 1990, the first year of its existence. Four years later, in 1994, they earned
6248-759: The UC Davis School of Medicine . In 2013, the Sacramento Convention and Visitors Bureau stated that the city receives 15.3 million visitors per year, and is home to the California Museum , Crocker Art Museum , California State Railroad Museum , California State Capitol Museum , the Sacramento Convention Center Complex , and Old Sacramento State Historic Park . Nisenan (Southern Maidu ), Modoc , and Plains Miwok American Indians have lived in
6390-419: The coronavirus pandemic , member corps voted unanimously to cancel the 2020 competitive season. DCI is a 501(c)(3) organization governed by a board of directors, with an executive director responsible for day-to-day operations. The board of directors is composed of three representatives who are directors of member corps, and three at-large members who are not affiliated with any corps. The current chair of
6532-1437: The farm-to-fork movement, which promotes the consumption of locally-grown food). After 4,000 displeased citizens signed a petition protesting the change, officials agreed to include both slogans on the water tower. The city groups most of its neighborhoods into four areas: Additional prominent regions and neighborhoods in the region include American River Parkway, Arden-Arcade, Arden Fair, Cal Expo, Capital Avenue, Coffing, College Glen, College Greens, Cordova, Creekside, East Fruitridge, Elder Creek, Elkhorn, Elvas, Erikson Industrial Park, Excelsior Sunrise, Foothill Farms, Franklin, Frates Ranch, Gateway Center, Gateway West, Glenwood Meadows, Hansen Park, Heritage Park, Johnson Business Park, Johnson Heights, Mayhew, Metro Center, Mills, Natomas Corporate Center, Natomas Creek, Natomas Crossing, Natomas Park, Newton Booth, Noralto, Northpointe, Norwood, Oak Knoll, Old North Sacramento, Parker Homes, Point West, Raley Industrial Park, Regency Park, Richardson Village, Richmond Grove, Rosemont, Sierra Oaks, Sports Complex, Strawberry Manor, Sundance Lake, Swanston Palms, Town and Country Village, Upper Land Park, Village 5, Village 7, Village 12, Village 14, Village Green, Walerga, Walsh Station, West Del Paso Heights, Westlake, Willowcreek, Wills Acres, Winn Park, Woodside, and Youngs Heights. Capitol Mall connects West Sacramento and Downtown Sacramento. Some notable landmarks on this road include
6674-446: The 1850s and 1860s. Buildings have been preserved, restored, or reconstructed, and the district is now a substantial tourist attraction, with rides on steam-powered historic trains and horse-drawn carriages. The Poverty Ridge Historic District is within Sacramento's original 1848 street grid and bounded to the west by 21st Street, to the north by S Street, to the east by 23rd Street, to the south by W Street and U.S. Route 50, and includes
6816-488: The 1995 season, the corps ran out of funding and was forced to end operations just before completing their tour. The Velvet Knights Drum and Bugle was a Division I corps. Based in Anaheim, California , the corps was affectionately known as the "Clown Princes of Drum Corps". Said to have captured the rebellious surfer image associated with California, they were largely known for their burlesque show concepts. In contrast to
6958-579: The 2014. Southwind , inactive from 2007 to 2013, competed as a SoundSport team in 2014, and returned to competition as an Open Class member in 2015. Intended for drumlines , or battery percussion ensembles with no wheeled percussion. Competing drumlines are staged in two competitive zones opposite each other, with each demonstrating their skills as an ensemble in alternating rounds of two minutes each. Adjudicators do not restrict their evaluation to technical proficiency, and include showmanship and audience reaction. In 2014, E-Sarn from Thailand , competed in
7100-420: The 2024 and 2025 seasons. The All-Age class will be judged under DCA rules, and the championship will move to Indianapolis with the other DCI classes. Individual drum corps derive a large part of their revenues from marketing their product, specifically memorabilia and souvenir sales. DCI derives income from ticket sales, and is the sole distributor of official media, such as championship DVDs and audio CDs. DCI
7242-514: The Bayonne Kidets, a feeder corps made up of elementary school students, debuted. In 1972, the Bridgemen joined the newly formed Drum Corps International, placing 11th in the inaugural championship. In 1977, the Bridgemen were disqualified after prelims due to overaged members. This led to the organization suing and successfully getting a court injunction to allow them to compete in finals where they placed 4th. However, binding arbitration in
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#17328013423047384-723: The Blessed Sacrament.)" The valley and the river were then christened after the "Most Holy Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ," referring to the Catholic sacrament of the Eucharist . John Sutter Sr. first arrived in the area on August 13, 1839, at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers with a Mexican land grant of 50,000 acres (20,000 ha). The next year, he and his party established Sutter's Fort,
7526-453: The Bridgemen made finals. Owing in part to the change in judging criteria and the large number of members aging out, the Bridgemen only reached 14th place in 1984. In 1986, the corps went inactive for a year due to financial hardships. In 1987, the corps returned to the field but failed to qualify for semifinals. This was the last year that the Bridgemen competed, and in 1988, the Bridgemen folded. The Freelancers Drum and Bugle Corps (formerly
7668-520: The Caballeros, the group was sponsored by American Legion Post #199 of Hawthorne, New Jersey and was known for their Latin-inspired shows. The Muchachos made a total of three finals appearances beginning from the first Drum Corps International championships in 1972 to their highest placement of 4th in 1974. In 1975, the Muchachos were disqualified from competing in prelims after an overage member
7810-462: The Canadian Drum and Bugle Corps Association between 1958 and 1968. Seeing how dominant Drum Corps International had become, the corps decided to compete in the fledgling circuit, placing 34th in 1974 and 16th in 1975, the largest leap in placements ever. However, the group needed more money and members to compete with the larger American contenders. The Seneca Princemen were formed in 1962 as
7952-653: The Capital Freelancers in 1973 after splitting away from the post. The group first competed in Drum Corps International in 1975, placing 18th. The next year, they made finals for the first time, placing 11th. Throughout its existence, the corps made a total of ten finals appearances between 1976 and 1992. The corps last competed in 1994, although an alumni corps still appears in the SoundSport division. The Glassmen Drum and Bugle Corps
8094-639: The Downtown Plaza shopping mall, the district opened in 2016 along with Golden 1 Center . Downtown Commons, otherwise known as DOCO, is home to the Sawyer, a 16-story skyscraper with a 250-room hotel and 45 condominiums, a Macy's anchor store, an IMAX theater, and retail space with a variety of restaurants and shops. Downtown Sacramento is home to the SAFE Credit Union Convention Center and Theater , Sacramento City Hall,
8236-725: The DrumLine Battle held during World Championship week, defeating fifteen other competitors. River City Rhythm , from Anoka, Minnesota , also competed in 2014, becoming a touring corps in 2015. BANDtastic is a program of middle school honor bands sponsored by DCI. The program originated in 2013 with the Indiana "INpact" honor band, organized in conjunction with World Championships. Similar groups have since been organized in Georgia, Tennessee, Texas, Florida, and most recently Minnesota. The activities are held in conjunction with
8378-432: The Eastern Classic at J. Birney Crum Stadium , the largest high school football stadium in the Mid-Atlantic U.S. , or the U.S. Open in Marion, Ohio . VFW Nationals and the American Legion National Championships are no longer hosted. American Legion and VFW posts in the Midwest or New England host drum corps competitions as fundraising events, some of which are sanctioned by DCI. On March 25, 2020, in response to
8520-443: The Fabulous Forties, home to some of the most expensive, largest, and architecturally unique homes in the city. East Sacramento was home to Ronald Reagan during his term as Governor of California and this neighborhood was prominently featured in Greta Gerwig's film Lady Bird . The Opium Wars of the 1840s and 1850s, along with the California gold rush, brought many Chinese people to California. Most arrived at San Francisco, which
8662-516: The Glass City Optimists in reference to the nickname of Toledo ("The Glass City"). The last name changed occurred in 1971 for the corps to become the Glassmen. The corps started competing in Drum Corps International competitions in 1975. Unfortunately, after their debut, the corps went inactive to restructure. Returning to competition in 1980, the corps steadily climbed the ranks until they were awarded full membership in 1983. In 1986, Dan Acheson, future chief executive officer of Drum Corps International,
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#17328013423048804-402: The I. C. Reveries, the Danvers Blue Angels, the Wilmington Crusaders, and the Melrose Legion Vanguard. While only in competition for seven seasons, the corps achieved finalist status three times. The corps folded in 1982 due to financial difficulties. The Oakland Crusaders Drum and Bugle Corps (also known as the Etobicoke-Oakland Crusaders ; formerly known as the De La Salle Oaklands )
8946-426: The Oakland Crusaders. This was done both to increase membership of the corps and because the school was no longer able to cover the costs of the activity, forcing the group to become independent. The group continued where they had left off, making finals twice more in the following seasons. Their last year of competition was 1995. The Seneca Optimists Drum and Bugle Corps was a short-lived Open Class corps formed from
9088-528: The Open Class preliminaries and finals were hosted at Ames Field. Open Class Championship was moved to Wildcat Stadium on the campus of Indiana Wesleyan University in Marion, Indiana in 2019. DrumLine Battle and SoundSport competitions were added to the week's activities in 2014. The Individual & ensemble festival, also known as I&E, is also hosted near the championship site. Participants from all member corps are eligible to compete demonstrating their ability on their preferred instrument, or as part of
9230-431: The Rebels were one of the thirteen founding member corps of Drum Corps International. The group was founded in 1947 by local music teacher John Taff as the St. Rose Drum and Bugle Corps. Sponsored by the local Catholic church, they operated as a parade band. Due to the financial burden imposed onto the church, they later became sponsored by Argonne Post #180 of the American Legion (AL). After taking on their current moniker,
9372-407: The Sacramento River. A Spanish writer with the Moraga expedition wrote: Canopies of oaks and cottonwoods, many festooned with grapevines, overhung both sides of the blue current. Birds chattered in the trees and big fish darted through the pellucid depths. The air was like champagne , and ( the Spaniards) drank deep of it, drank in the beauty around them. "¡Es como el sagrado sacramento! (It's like
9514-439: The Scarborough Firefighters. Later, they became the official music group of Seneca College in 1972, changing their name correspondingly. After the 1975 season, the director of the Seneca Princemen wished to retire, and the Toronto Optimists seized the opportunity to combine the two groups. From this merge came the Seneca Optimists. Now sponsored by both the college and the club, and with several more members and instructional staff,
9656-412: The Seneca Optimists were able to make finals in 1976, their first year of existence, just under their rivals, the Oakland Crusaders. The next year, they rose up past the Crusaders to place 8th, their second and last time in finals. The 1978 season was marked by a large departure of members, and the corps struggled competitively. With a lack of members interested and the corps suffering administrative issues,
9798-418: The Sky Ryders Performing Arts Foundation with the goal of returning to the field in the near future. The Suncoast Sound Drum and Bugle Corps was a Division I corps. Originally from Clearwater and later Pinellas Park, Florida , they were a seven-time finalist. The corps was known for its jazz-influenced shows that depicted scenes of Florida. This distinctive style was coined as "sunjazz" by fans. The group
9940-552: The Tower Bridge, Old Sacramento, and the California State Capitol Building. Capitol Mall is considered to be the business district of the city. Skyscrapers such as the Wells Fargo Center and U.S. Bank Tower , two of the tallest buildings in the city, are located on Capitol Mall and are home to several major companies. The street is also home to major festivals such as the annual Farm to Fork Festival. Sacramento's historic Japantown once occupied much of today's Capitol Mall, spanning 4th street from K to P streets. The area suffered from
10082-424: The area for perhaps thousands of years. Until the settlers arrived who would eventually make Sacramento their home, these tribes left little evidence of their existence. Their diet was dominated by acorns taken from the plentiful oak trees in the region and by fruits, bulbs, seeds, and roots gathered throughout the year. In 1808, the Spanish explorer Gabriel Moraga encountered and named the Sacramento Valley and
10224-415: The area turned out to be a bane. By December 1848, John Sutter Jr., in association with Samuel Brannan , began laying out the City of Sacramento, 2 miles (3.2 km) south of his father's settlement of New Helvetia. This venture was undertaken against the wishes of Sutter Sr., but the father, being deeply in debt, was unable to stop it. For commercial reasons, the new city was named "Sacramento City" after
10366-707: The assembly center site is now part of the Foothill Farms-North Highlands subdivision. The Sacramento-Yolo Port District was created in 1947, and the ground was broken on the Port of Sacramento in 1949. On June 29, 1963, with 5,000 spectators waiting to welcome her, the Motor Vessel Taipei Victory arrived. The Nationalist Chinese flagship docked at the Port of Sacramento , being the first ocean-going vessel in Sacramento since
10508-489: The band members felt that the original invitation had been directed toward them. Because of its European trip, the corps competed in only one other show before entering prelims where they placed 40th. Through the early eighties, Suncoast Sound gradually became a forceful contender with the help of program coordinator and brass arranger Robert W. Smith . By 1983, the corps had earned a spot in finals, where they would comfortably remain through 1989. In 1985, Suncoast Sound debuted
10650-448: The block bounded by 20th Street, 21st Street, S Street, and T Street. The Poverty Ridge Historic District was considered to be Sacramento's wealthiest neighborhood from 1868 to 1947. Sacramento has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen Csa ), characterized by hot, long, dry summers and cool winters with a decent amount of rainfall. Most of the annual precipitation generally occurs from November to April, though there may be
10792-440: The board of directors is Kathy Black with Nate Boudreaux serving as executive director. Drum Corps Associates (DCA), a governing body for all-age or senior drum corps, is not affiliated with DCI, however the two organizations are strategic partners. DCI describes all-age corps as providing value to the drum corps activity, and permits all age corps to compete at sanctioned competitions. On May 31, 2023, DCI and DCA announced
10934-536: The cancellation of the 2020 DCI season caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, DCI extended their age-out limit by one year for the 2021 DCI season, making the age limit of participants to 22 years of age and younger. A 23 year old would also be eligible to march in 2021 if they were born on or after June 1. Member corps are allowed to set their own age limit to be younger than 21. In 2024, the all-age corps of Drum Corps Associates (DCA) became DCI's All-Age Class for at least
11076-491: The city. Between October and December 1850, Sacramento was hit with a cholera epidemic that killed 1,000 residents, including Mayor Bigelow and 17 of the city's 40 physicians. Up to 80 percent of the populace left town. On November 2, 1852, a fire known as the Great Conflagration burned more than 80 percent of the structures in the city. It is estimated that the total damage was around six million dollars. Within
11218-451: The competitive season, and thus participation declined at non-sanctioned competitions. Many of the regional circuits which pre-dated DCI, continued into the 1990s, with their high-profile competitions eventually being replaced by sanctioned competitions. Other high-prestige championships, were eventually absorbed into the DCI schedule, many becoming regional championships or annual events such as
11360-511: The construction of a new state capitol building which was finished in 1874. Sacramento is the fastest-growing major city in California, owing to its status as a notable political center on the West Coast and as a major educational hub, home of California State University, Sacramento and UC Davis . Similarly, Sacramento is a major center for the California healthcare industry , as the seat of Sutter Health , UC Davis Medical Center , and
11502-456: The corps began to compete in AL drum corps competitions starting in 1955. They earned three championships in the circuit from 1971 to 1973. In October 1971, the corps was invited to become charter members of DCI. They appeared at the inaugural championships placing 5th. After one more finals placement the next year, the corps dropped to 33rd place in 1974 after the departure of many of its staff. After
11644-420: The corps declared bankruptcy and moved from Kansas to Texas, despite protests from the local community. This was due to dwindling sponsorship from local groups and the fact that many of their members came from Texas. The sixth and last time the corps made finals was in 1991 with a theme based on Camelot , another musical. However, behind the scenes, the corps was once again struggling financially, unable to run
11786-539: The corps disbanded in the following months. The Sky Ryders Drum and Bugle Corps was a Division I corps. Based in Hutchinson, Kansas and later in DeSoto, Texas , the Sky Ryders were a six-time finalist. The group was formed in 1955 with the support of Lysle Rishel Post #68 of the American Legion. After playing in state competitions for the first few years of existence, the Sky Ryders quickly established themselves on
11928-502: The corps maintained an 11th-place finish. For the remaining three seasons, the corps remained firmly in semifinals and rebranded itself as The Magic. Before the 2007 season, the organization announced that it would be going inactive with plans to return in the future. The Muchachos Drum and Bugle Corps was an Open Class corps formed in 1959 as the junior corps component to the senior corps, the Hawthorne Caballeros . Like
12070-515: The corps often utilized themes related to Orlandoan entertainment, in particular those of Walt Disney World , through such shows based on Fantasia and the Pirates of the Caribbean . Although the corps itself was not affiliated with Disney, several staff members worked for both organizations, and the corps itself was a frequent clinician for Magic Music Days . After financial troubles struck
12212-493: The effects of climate change on vegetation in the future. Treepedia , a project run by MIT using Google Maps ' street-view data to calculate tree coverage in cities, ranked Sacramento the greenest city of 15 studied in the US, and third globally, after Vancouver and Singapore . A prominent water tower bore the slogan "City of Trees" until 2017 when it was repainted with the words "America's Farm-to-Fork Capital" (referring to
12354-401: The fall upheld their disqualification while allowing them to retain their prize money. Nonetheless, they were eventually allowed to compete the next season in 1978, earning 5th place. The Bridgemen reached their zenith in the early eighties, earning the bronze medal in 1980 and winning high percussion three times in a row under arranger Dennis DeLucia . However, 1983 would be the last year that
12496-448: The first all-original music program in the history of Drum Corps International. In 1986, the corps was sponsored by Circle K , a convenience store chain. However, the following November, Circle K pulled their funding from the corps citing that they did not receive enough promotion from the group. This blindsided the corps leadership who struggled to find new sponsors after many corporations had already set aside their donation budgets. Over
12638-475: The first time. They also debuted their familiar, yellow MacLeod tartans that same year. In 1952, the Kilties traveled to the championships of the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) circuit, their first appearance on the national stage, where they placed 4th. This was followed by a 6th-place finish in the championships of the American Legion circuit. From this newfound success in competition, the organization formed
12780-482: The foothills 40 mi (64 km) east of the city, which had brief and traceable amounts of snowfall in January 2002, December 2009, and February 2011. The greatest snowfall ever recorded in Sacramento was 3 inches (7.6 cm) on January 5, 1888. On average, there are 76 days with a high of 90 °F (32 °C)+, and 14 days with a high of 100 °F (38 °C)+; On the other extreme, there are 8.5 days where
12922-408: The forced eviction of its Japanese residents during WW2 and never recovered, resulting in the remaining properties taken through eminent domain to create the grand promenade of today's Capitol Mall . The Nisei Memorial Hall at 4th and Q remains the last remaining property associated with Sacramento's former Japantown. One of the newest districts in the city is Downtown Commons . Formerly home to
13064-467: The fort), numerous gold-seekers came to the area, increasing the population. In August 1848, Sutter Sr.'s son, John Sutter Jr. , arrived to assist his father in reducing his debt . The Sutters struggled to contain the effects of thousands of new gold miners and prospectors in the area, many of whom squatted on unwatched portions of the vast Sutter lands or stole various unattended Sutter properties or belongings. For Sutter, his employee's discovery of gold in
13206-417: The group became a co-ed drum corps three years later. Throughout the rest of the decade, the group attended local competitions while growing in magnitude. In 1972, the Guardsmen competed in the inaugural Drum Corps International season where they placed 25th. Four years later, in 1976, the corps placed 12th earning their first spot into finals. The corps peaked at 7th place in 1979 before their last appearance as
13348-483: The help of the city, agreed to build a new arena in the downtown area. With a final estimated cost of $ 558.2 million, Sacramento's Golden 1 Center opened on September 30, 2016. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city covers 100.1 square miles (259 km ). 97.81% of it is land, and 2.19% of it is water. Depth to groundwater is typically about 30 feet (9 m). Much of
13490-507: The historic Sacramento Rail Yards . From 1862 until the mid-1870s, Sacramento raised the level of its downtown by building reinforced brick walls on its downtown streets and filling the resulting street walls with dirt. The previous first floors of buildings became basements , with open space between the street and the building, previously the sidewalk , now at the basement level. Over the years, many of these underground spaces have been filled or destroyed by subsequent development. However, it
13632-528: The hosts of the only high-prestige national championships. Another source of contention was low-to-nonexistent appearance fees paid to independent corps who were neither sponsored nor affiliated with any veterans post. Only those independent corps who placed among the top three at either of the national championships were paid any appearance fees, which deterred many corps from competing. Many local show sponsors and promoters rarely paid appearance fees to any corps. A similar combine of five drum corps had formed in
13774-539: The land to the west of the city (in Yolo County ) is permanently reserved for a vast flood control basin (the Yolo Bypass ), due to the city's historical vulnerability to floods. As a result, the contiguous urban area sprawls only four miles (6.4 km) west of downtown (as West Sacramento, California ) but 30 miles (48 km) northeast and east, into the Sierra Nevada foothills, and 10 miles (16 km) to
13916-523: The late 1910s. It was the first US city to be designated a City of Trees by the Arbor Day Foundation in 1978. In the early 21st century, the tree cover is well above that of the average tree cover of other major cities in the United States and the rest of the world, with the main species being the London plane . Other species are being introduced to increase diversity and to help cope with
14058-634: The mergers of two Canadian corps: The Toronto Optimists and the Seneca Princemen . The group made finals twice, the only other Canadian group to make multiple appearances. The Toronto Optimists were the older corps, formed in 1958 from the remnants of the Opti-Corps. The name came from their sponsorship by the Toronto Optimist Club. The Toronto Optimists were immediately successful, winning eleven consecutive championships for
14200-952: The national Capitol, was started in 1860 and completed in 1874. In 1861, the legislative session was moved to the Merchants Exchange Building in San Francisco for one session because of the massive flooding in Sacramento. From 1862 to 1868, part of the Leland Stanford Mansion was used for the governor's offices during Stanford's tenure as the Governor; and the legislature met in the Sacramento County Courthouse. The legislative chambers were first occupied in 1869, while construction continued around them. With its new status and strategic location, Sacramento quickly prospered. It
14342-579: The national scene by making finals for the American Legion championships in 1959. It was also around this time that the corps also established a feeder corps, the Jets, to help recruit and train younger members. In 1972, the corps competed in the inaugural Drum Corps International championships, placing 20th out of 39 corps. After another few years of playing for local shows, the Sky Ryders returned to Drum Corps International competition in 1977, competing in Class A,
14484-578: The nearby Horlick Field , Racine was declared by Congress to be the "Drum and Bugle Capital of the World" in 1967. The corps was founded in 1936 by members of the local YMCA as the Kiwanis Kilties. The name came from their unique uniforms, Royal Stewart tartan kilts, that were donated by the city Kiwanis Club . After serving as a parade band for local events, they first competed in August 1937 at
14626-621: The nearby San Francisco Bay Area , as well as immigration from Asia and Latin America. In 1985, Hugh Scrutton, a 38-year-old Sacramento, California, computer store owner, was killed by a nail-and-splinter-loaded bomb placed in the parking lot of his store. In 1996, his death was attributed to the Unabomber, Theodore Kaczynski . After acquiring the majority stake in the Sacramento Kings , the team's new owner, Vivek Ranadivé , with
14768-674: The new state's capital. From California's statehood beginning September 9, 1850 through 1851, the legislature met in San Jose. It moved to Vallejo in 1852 and Benicia in 1853, before ending up in Sacramento in 1854. During the 1850s the city was consolidated with the County of Sacramento. In the Sacramento Constitutional Convention of 1879 , Sacramento was named the permanent state capital. The Classical Revival -style California State Capitol , similar to
14910-545: The next American Legion Uniformed Group Rules Congress to discuss forming a new, independent, governing body. Also invited to the meeting were the Anaheim Kingsmen , Argonne Rebels , and De La Salle Oaklands. Drum Corps International was established by thirteen corps on or after October 21, 1971. Given difficulties experienced during the 1971 season, members agreed not to interfere with the long-established regional competition circuits, especially those sponsored by
15052-691: The next couple of years, the corps struggled to meet its fundraising goals, and, after the 1989 season, went inactive to restructure. While inactive, the organization was represented by two local parade and exhibition groups: the Suncoast Sound Cadets, a corps composed of students under fifteen, and the Suncoast Gold, an alumni corps. After a two-year hiatus, Suncoast Sound returned to the field in 1992, competing in Division III where they found moderate success. However, partway through
15194-698: The normal military-based uniforms worn by most drum corps, the Velvet Knights donned a uniform consisting of Converse sneakers, baseball caps, and faux-tuxedos. The Velvet Knights split off from the Anaheim Explorer Scouts Drum and Bugle Corps in the fall of 1963. The Anaheim Explorer Scouts eventually became the Anaheim Kingsmen and both groups found great competitive success in the California American Legion competitions. Due to their intertwined history and
15336-489: The other championships. Members also agreed to remain united if boycotting a particular event, show sponsor, or business, such as the boycott against Fleetwood Records over rights issues, if such an action proved necessary. The first World Championship was hosted at Warhawks Stadium on the campus of University of Wisconsin–Whitewater on August 18, 1972. In attendance were thirty-nine corps from fifteen states and one Canadian province. The Anaheim Kingsmen Drum and Bugle Corps
15478-431: The past, classes have been fully or partially determined by the number of marching members in each corps; at present, all corps may march up to a maximum of one hundred sixty five (165) members. World Class (formerly Division I) corps are the groups that have chosen to compete at the highest level and have proven to DCI leadership they have the ability to survive at this level both competitively and financially. The higher
15620-537: The population of 4,739 was transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp. The site was then turned over to the Army Signal Corps and dedicated as Camp Kohler . After the war and the end of the incarceration program, returning Japanese Americans were often unable to find housing and so 234 families temporarily lived at the former assembly center. Camp Kohler was destroyed by a fire in December 1947, and
15762-427: The proximity of their corps halls, staff and members would often move between the two. The Velvet Knights first competed in Drum Corps International in 1973, placing twenty-ninth in prelims among forty-eight corps. The corps did not, however, return to competition in the circuit until 1977, when they finished in 25th place and earned full membership. The corps continued in competition with similar placements until taking
15904-454: The same competitive requirements as drum corps. BANDtastic! began in 2014. The stated goal of SoundSport is to provide a competitive performance experience in a low-cost, local setting. Musical ensembles of more than five members, using any musical instruments, perform a 5-7 minute marching music show in an area measuring 30 yards (27 m) × 20 yards (18 m). Two SoundSport teams Guardians and Watchmen became Open Class member corps in
16046-421: The secondary class, where they placed 3rd. In 1982, after rising in placements over five seasons, the corps placed 10th, becoming a finalist. Throughout the eighties, the corps became known as the "storytellers" of drum corps, designing shows based on popular musicals such The Sound of Music and The Wizard of Oz . They also maintained their status as perennial finalists, making finals four more times. In 1990,
16188-640: The senior drum corps has been inactive since then, the organization still sponsors a concert band and several indoor marching arts programs. The Magic Drum and Bugle Corps (better known by their original name as the Magic of Orlando ) was a Division I corps. Initially based in Orlando and later in Clermont, Florida , Magic was a six-time finalist and the Division II Champion in 2002. Notably,
16330-579: The settlement at the Rancho Nueva Helvetia . Following the American Conquest of California and the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo , the waterfront developed by Sutter began to be developed and incorporated in 1850 as the City of Sacramento. In 1852, the city offered its county courthouse to the state of California to house the state legislature, resulting in the city becoming the permanent state capital in 1854 and ushering in
16472-587: The south into valley farmland. The city is at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River and has a deep-water port connected to the San Francisco Bay by a channel through the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta . It is the shipping and rail center for the Sacramento Valley . Sacramento has long been known as the "City of Trees" owing to its abundant urban forest . The city has more trees per capita than any other city in
16614-539: The steamship Harpoon in 1934. In 1967, Ronald Reagan became the last Governor of California to live permanently in the city. The 1980s and 1990s saw the closure of several local military bases: McClellan Air Force Base , Mather Air Force Base , and Sacramento Army Depot. In 1980, there was another flood. Despite military base closures and the decline of agricultural food processing, Sacramento has continued to experience population growth in recent years. Primary sources of population growth are an influx of residents from
16756-526: The temperature remains below 50 °F (10 °C), and 15 freezing nights per year. Official temperature extremes range from 18 °F (−7.8 °C) on December 22, 1990, to 116 °F (46.7 °C) on September 6, 2022; a station around 5 mi (8.0 km) east-southeast of the city dipped to 17 °F (−8.3 °C) on December 11, 1932. The average annual precipitation is 18.14 inches (461 mm). On average, precipitation falls on 58 days each year in Sacramento, and nearly all of this falls during
16898-530: The third week of August. However, the second week of August has been the preferred date due to trends in scholastic and collegiate schedules which pushed the start of the school year from early-September to late-August. In 2009 and 2010, the Open Class preliminary competition was hosted at Ames Field in Michigan City, Indiana with semifinals and finals hosted at Lucas Oil Stadium. From 2011 to 2018
17040-808: The title Big, Loud & Live . In 2011, Fathom Events added the DCI Tour Premiere . DCI previously livestreamed a number of competitions throughout the season, including the entirety of World Championship, via the former "DCI FanNetwork". FloSports engaged in a multi-year agreement to livestream select competitions via the FloMarching platform. Frequent hosts of the broadcasts and streaming events include former WWAY news anchor Steve Rondinaro, and percussionist Dennis DeLucia. In 2013, DCI launched two new competitive musical activities for small groups: SoundSport and DrumLine Battle. These activities are not restricted by an age limit, nor do they have
17182-560: The title of Sacramento's electric distribution system to SMUD. Today SMUD is the sixth-largest public electric utility in the U.S. and is a leader in innovative programs and services, including the development of clean fuel resources, such as solar power . The year following the creation of SMUD, 1924, brought several events in Sacramento: Standard Oil executive Verne McGeorge established McGeorge School of Law , American department store Weinstock & Lubin opened
17324-421: The town of Sutterville , all founded by John Sutter Sr., eventually failed). Residents of Sacramento adopted a city charter in 1849, which was recognized by the state legislature in 1850. Sacramento is the oldest incorporated city in California, incorporated on February 27, 1850. On January 10, 1850, a flood occurred that devastated the city. The rushing waters uprooted homes and drowned livestock. The city
17466-506: The urging of then-director of The Cavaliers Don Warren and Troopers director Jim Jones, the directors from Blue Stars , Madison Scouts , and Santa Clara Vanguard , cooperated to form the "Midwest Combine". The Combine corps would market themselves to show promoters as a package. The partnership was a reaction to perceived inflexibility of the American Legion and VFW , who were the primary sponsors of competing drum corps and
17608-594: The veterans organizations, but to boycott the other prestige championships, such as the Fleetwood Record's World Open Championship. The members also agreed to develop their own adjudicators committee instead of relying on any existing association. Additionally, member corps would be allowed to compete where they wished with few exceptions. However, all member corps would be required to attend a specific number of sanctioned competitions as well as an annual World Championship which would be scheduled in late-August after
17750-646: The winter months. Average January rainfall is 3.66 in (93 mm), and measurable precipitation is rare during the summer months. In February 1992, Sacramento had 16 consecutive days of rain, resulting in an accumulation of 6.41 in (163 mm) for the period. On rare occasions, monsoonal moisture surges from the Desert Southwest can bring upper-level moisture to the Sacramento region, leading to increased summer cloudiness, humidity, and even light showers and thunderstorms. Monsoon clouds do occur, usually during late June through early September. Sacramento
17892-443: The world. The first recorded use of the term was in 1855, and it was popular by the early 20th century. It was not always so: it was at first called the "City of Plains" because of the lack of trees, but soon afterward there were cottonwood trees planted, and eucalyptus varieties were imported to dry out swampland . Later, locust trees , and willows were planted along streets, then elms , then palm trees , then fruit trees in
18034-473: The year off in 1980 to march as a parade corps and restructure. The corps returned to competition the next year at 33rd place. Seeking a way to differentiate themselves from the several hundred of other corps in competition, the decision was made to march the 1982 season in Hawaiian shirts and straw hats. This new eccentric style proved helpful, and the corps made finals the following year. The corps made finals
18176-472: Was a Division I corps based in Revere, Massachusetts . The Lancers were one of the thirteen founding member corps of Drum Corps International. The group was founded in the fall of 1967 after the I. C. Reveries, who sponsored two corps, folded. The larger corps of the I. C. Reveries, led by George Bonfiglio, rebranded itself as the 27th Lancers, while the feeder corps branched off and eventually became
18318-512: Was a World Class corps. Based in Toledo, Ohio , the corps was a sixteen-time finalist. The group was founded in 1961 by American Legion Post #320 as the Maumee Suns. It served as the junior corps to the senior Maumee Demons. Originally a parade corps for the first few years of existence, the Maumee Suns first competed in 1964 in the local American Legion circuit. In 1967, the name was changed to
18460-618: Was a three-time finalist and one of the thirteen founding members of Drum Corps International. One of two Canadian corps to make multiple appearances in finals, the corps was formed in 1957 from the remnants of the marching band at De La Salle College in Toronto, Ontario . After making finals during the 1974 season, the De La Salle Oaklands merged with the Etobicoke Crusaders, another corps from Toronto, to form
18602-473: Was almost destroyed. Due to the efforts of Hardin Bigelow , Sacramento's first elected mayor, the construction of the city's first levee was completed in early 1852 (the city became known as "The Levee City"). However, a month after it was completed, it was breached during the first major storm of the season and the city flooded again. A new levee was built for $ 50,000, but it also broke, causing more flooding of
18744-690: Was designated as the western terminus of the Pony Express . Later it became a terminus of the First transcontinental railroad , which began construction in Sacramento in 1863 and was financed by " The Big Four "— Mark Hopkins , Charles Crocker , Collis P. Huntington , and Leland Stanford . Both the American and especially Sacramento rivers were key elements in the economic success of the city. Sacramento effectively controlled commerce on these rivers, and public works projects were funded through taxes levied on goods unloaded from boats and loaded onto rail cars in
18886-668: Was established to house Japanese Americans forcibly "evacuated" from the West Coast under Executive Order 9066 . The camp was one of fifteen temporary detention facilities where over 110,000 Japanese Americans , two-thirds of them U.S. citizens, were held while construction on the more permanent War Relocation Authority camps was completed. The assembly center was built on the site of a former migrant labor camp, and inmates began arriving from Sacramento and San Joaquin Counties on May 6, 1942. It closed after only 52 days, on June 26, and
19028-540: Was found in the snare line. This proved costly for the Muchachos, as they were not awarded any prize money and were dropped from circuit membership. After placement of 21st in 1976, the Muchachos folded. The North Star Drum and Bugle Corps was an Open Class corps based in the North Shore region of Massachusetts . It was formed in 1975 through a complex merger of five other corps: the Beverly Cardinals,
19170-606: Was founded in 1979 by former band director of Largo High School , Robert Cotter, in an attempt to get more youths in the area involved with the marching arts. At the invitation of Queen Elizabeth II , the new corps performed its first show in England for the Royal Tournament that year. This decision caused a considerable source of friction between the Largo High School band and the fledgling corps, as many of
19312-448: Was in use prior to 2008, with Division I and Division II / III utilizing different handbooks, while also being subdivided by size. Currently, DCI groups corps from the United States and Canada into three classes based on competitive level. Corps from Europe, Asia, Latin America, and anywhere other than the U.S. and Canada are grouped into the International Class. Corps from all classes compete together but are ranked separately. In
19454-415: Was inaugurated in early January 1862, traveled to his inauguration in a rowboat. The California State Legislature , with the support of Governor John Bigler , moved to Sacramento in 1854. The capital of California under Spanish (and, subsequently, Mexican) rule had been Monterey , where, in 1849, the first Constitutional Convention and state elections were held. The convention decided San Jose would be
19596-409: Was named as corps director. Their first appearance in finals was 1993, ten years after earning membership, where they placed 11th. The corps remained a consistent finalist for the remainder of its existence, peaking at 5th three times between 1998 and 2001. The Glassmen went inactive before the 2013 season, and the board of directors filed for bankruptcy. In early 2014, the organization was dissolved by
19738-423: Was named the inaugural DCI World Champion. Following the creation of DCI, the Combine evolved into Drum Corps Midwest (DCM), while the Alliance became Drum Corps East, sometimes called Drum Corps Atlantic. Both DCM and Drum Corps East offered a regional circuit of competitions and a regional championship prior to the "national tour" of sanctioned competitions. DCI gradually expanded its schedule to begin earlier in
19880-525: Was not repealed until 1943. The mysterious fires were thought to be set off by those who resented the Chinese working class. Ordinances on what was viable building material were set into place to try to get the Chinese to move out. Newspapers such as The Sacramento Union wrote stories at the time that portrayed the Chinese in an unfavorable light to inspire ethnic discrimination and drive the Chinese away. While most of Sacramento's Chinatown has now been razed,
20022-543: Was on "I" Street from Second to Sixth Streets, called the China Slough . At the time, this area of "I" Street was considered a health hazard because, lying within a levee zone, it was lower than other parts of the city, which were situated on higher land. Throughout Sacramento's Chinatown history, there were fires, acts of discrimination, and prejudicial legislation such as the Chinese Exclusion Act that
20164-535: Was then the largest city in California and known as "Daai Fau" ( Chinese : 大埠 ; Jyutping : daai fau ; Cantonese Yale : Daaihfauh ). Some eventually came to Sacramento, then the second-largest city in California and consequently called "Yee Fow" (Chinese: 二埠 ; Jyutping: ji fau ). Today the city is known as " 萨克拉门托 " ( pinyin : Sàkèlāméntuō ) by mainland Chinese and as " 沙加緬度 " Sāgāmíhndouh and Shājiāmiǎnduó by Cantonese speakers and Taiwanese respectively. Sacramento's Chinatown
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