A special constable or special police constable ( SC or SPC ) can refer to an auxiliary or part-time law enforcement officer or a person who is granted certain (special) police powers.
79-493: Cardiff Bay Police Station (which replaced Butetown Police Station ) is the South Wales Police Eastern Division area headquarters and custody suite, located on James Street, Cardiff , Wales. Butetown Police Station (on the same site as the new headquarters) was built circa 1968 as a two-storey community police station for Butetown , Cardiff. It was a notable location for events surrounding
158-495: A special constabulary , whose volunteer members have full police powers and hold the office of constable. In other jurisdictions, specifically Canada and parts of Australia , special constables are sworn peace officers granted police powers to enforce specific legislation in a distinct context or geographic area (e.g. universities, public transit, parks, etc.). Historically, and in different contexts, special constables have been paid or volunteer members of an ad-hoc reserve force or
237-413: A 12-year-old Palestinian girl. Campaign groups such as Cymru Students for Palestine have accused South Wales Police of police brutality and unlawful arrest, with those at Cardiff Bay kicked, dragged, pulled, and left with bruises and cuts. South Wales Police denies that anyone sustained injuries. The arrestees have become known as the "Cardiff 19", with a campaign to raise funds for legal fees. One of
316-582: A Diploma in Professional Policing Practice. South Wales Police also offer a pre-join degree programme in partnership with The University of South Wales . Non degree holders can join under the Police Constable Degree Apprenticeship (PCDA), a three-year practice-based higher-education programme, leading to a BSc Honours Degree in Professional Policing Practice. New recruits are selected under
395-720: A highly visible police presence, and a link with local communities across Scotland. The Royal Irish Constabulary began recruiting special constables in the 1920s, largely as a reaction to the Irish Republican Army (IRA). In the south and west of Ireland were the Black and Tans , officially the Royal Irish Constabulary Special Reserve, and the Auxiliary Division . The Ulster Special Constabulary (USC) operated in
474-609: A lighthouse was erected in front of the main steps of the police station at a cost of £75,000, making it the most expensive piece of art paid for by any UK police force in the previous five years. The new police station has 60 custody cells spread across three wings, with access to natural daylight via solar tubes . There are also 11 interview rooms and state-of-the-art recording and security equipment. 51°27′53″N 3°10′13″W / 51.4648°N 3.1703°W / 51.4648; -3.1703 South Wales Police South Wales Police ( Welsh : Heddlu De Cymru ; SWP )
553-486: A local police services board — a commission governing police and law enforcement services for each local or regional municipality in the province — to raise a special constabulary for the purposes of providing police services on or in relation to the authorized organization's land or mandate. Organizations which operate across the jurisdictions of several independent police services boards, such as GO Transit , usually receive special constabulary authorization directly from
632-722: A more security-based role. With the transformation of the RUC into the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI), 171 part-time constables were appointed in Banbridge , Newtownabbey , Coleraine and Lisburn District Command Units (DCUs). Existing part-time reserve constables were offered training to meet new standards of the PSNI. Unlike their counterparts in Great Britain, part-time constables, like their predecessors in
711-700: A permanent auxiliary, and have ranged from unarmed patrols to armed paramilitaries. In the Australian state of New South Wales , special constables can now only be appointed by the NSW Police Commissioner. Previously, to augment the NSW Police but also to protect the community against abuse or neglect by the NSW Police, Special Constables could be appointed by a magistrate or two justices where "tumult, riot, or serious indictable offence has taken place, or may be reasonably apprehended" and
790-427: A police authority of councillors, magistrates and lay members in 2012. Since the creation of the post, the office has been held by Welsh Labour and Co-operative politician, Alun Michael . South Wales Police covers an area of 803 square miles (2,080 km ) and population of 1.34 million people. In the 2020-2021 Financial year, the force's annual budget was £315.8 million. As of September 2020 ,
869-728: A police force, or provide specialized security police services. During the Winnipeg General Strike , Winnipeg police officers refused to sign an anti-union pledge and were promptly dismissed, replaced with special constables with the express mission of ending the strike. Although special constables are increasingly used for routine frontline policing in every province and territory, the regulatory framework for special constables across Canada has generally continued to assume that special constables are used for rare and unusual circumstances. In most of Canada, for example, special constables generally do not need to unilaterally meet
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#1732791334614948-550: A protest. Furthermore, South Wales Police have faced accusation of brutality after dragging and pulling protestors across a road during a die-in at the front of the Pride Cymru parade on 22 June, in protest of the force's presence at the march and accusations of pinkwashing in light of the ongoing crisis and alleged genocide in Palestine. Special constable In some jurisdictions, police forces are complemented by
1027-477: A range of organizations, their powers, appearance, and training are the same provincewide, regardless of their employer or specific mandate. Volunteers with provincial and municipal police services in Canada are called reserve or auxiliary constables . Special constables employed by the federal government are usually granted limited police powers for the purposes of civil law enforcement, such as investigators for
1106-618: A regular constable. There have been examples in history of paid special constables who were not volunteer police officers. The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Constabulary were sworn in as special constables under the Special Constables Act 1923 . However, the passage of the Energy Act 2004 created a new police force – the Civil Nuclear Constabulary – with specifically defined powers and
1185-459: A result, the judge ruled that the defendants could not receive a fair trial and all 14 were acquitted. In January 2012 the "destroyed" documents were found, still in the original box in which they had been sent to South Wales Police by the IPCC. In July 2016, a former police detective was jailed for 18 years after he was found guilty of raping two women. Jeffrey Davies, 45, of Aberdare, was serving in
1264-684: A separate administrative/rank/grade structure. Daily supervision is carried out in line with regular team sergeants/inspectors, and strategic management and training is provided by the Divisional Training Department and a dedicated National Liaison Officer (Inspector). Special Constables in Scotland can be deployed in a wide range of police duties over and above standard "beat duties". These include Roads Policing, Public Order, Specialist Response, Wildlife Crime and Community Support. Their primary focus, however, remains to provide
1343-491: Is made on the match between the person’s eyes and is based on algorithm matches. The camera does not define race or sex of an individual." Although a Cardiff University assessment of the technology on behalf of the police did not test for misidentification on the basis of ethnicity or gender and acknowledged that this is a known issue with facial recognition technology "Multiple research studies have reported algorithmic biases regarding ethnicity in facial recognition systems. This
1422-459: Is mainly for the benefit of Special Constables sworn in part way through the financial year; Special Constables who were sworn in after the start of the 180-hour recognition award scheme cannot opt for the 180-hour scheme. Their work is otherwise voluntary and unpaid. Most Scottish Special Constables work alongside regular Constables, and their uniform is the same except that their 4-digit shoulder number begins with "7". Special Constables do not have
1501-581: Is one of the four territorial police forces in Wales. It is headquartered in Bridgend . The force was formed as South Wales Constabulary on 1 June 1969, by the amalgamation of the former Glamorgan Constabulary , Cardiff City Police, Swansea Borough Police and Merthyr Tydfil Borough Police. In 1974, with the reorganisation of local government , the force's area was expanded to cover the newly created counties of Mid , South and West Glamorgan . In 1996,
1580-457: The 1969–70 South Africa rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland , during which many matches were protested due to South Africa 's system of Apartheid . The match that took place in Swansea became known as the "Battle of Swansea" due to violent clashes between protesters, police and stewards hired to assist with policing of the match. In the aftermath of the match, 30 complaints were made against
1659-827: The Alberta Sheriffs Branch , which is responsible for legislative and courtroom security, prisoner transport, highway safety, wildlife and conservation enforcement, and some criminal investigations. Officers of the Branch have full police powers, including the ability to enforce the Criminal Code , and carry firearms. In the province of British Columbia , members of the Commercial Vehicle Safety and Enforcement Service , Conservation Officer Service , Legislative Security Service, and Sheriff Service are appointed as special constables under
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#17327913346141738-583: The Competition Bureau and Transport Canada . Starting in 2016, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) began to hire "community constables," who are armed special constables responsible for carrying out a variety of policing activities in their home community, with an emphasis on crime reduction and prevention through patrols or visits to schools and workplaces. Special constables were also historically employed by
1817-460: The Court of Appeal after it was decided that the police investigating the murder had acted improperly. The wrongful conviction of the three men has been called one of the most egregious miscarriages of justice in recent times. The police claimed that they had done nothing wrong, that the men had been released purely on a technicality of law, and resisted all calls for the case to be reopened. In 2004,
1896-540: The Independent Investigations Office , which is responsible for investigating incidents involving police and peace officers that result in serious injury or death, entered into a memorandum of understanding with all of the agencies which use special constables across British Columbia on the scope and proceedings of IIO investigations and the IIO's access to special constabulary records, formalizing
1975-534: The Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) began a review of the conduct of the police during the original inquiry. Over the next 12 months, around 30 people were arrested in connection with the investigation, 19 of whom were serving or retired police officers. In 2007 three of the prosecution witnesses at the original murder trial were convicted of perjury and each jailed for 18 months. In 2009 two further witnesses from
2054-968: The Niagara Parks Police Service , an armed special constabulary of the Niagara Parks Commission . Previously, special constabularies maintained by universities were usually referred to as campus or community police. Hong Kong Police Force and the Hong Kong Auxiliary Police Force are the only two police forces in Hong Kong during peacetime. However, the Chief Executive of Hong Kong can, pursuant to Hong Kong Laws Chapter 245 ( Public Order Ordinance ), section 40, appoint Special Constables at any time, who will possess any powers given to regular police officers and are subject to
2133-629: The Royal Canadian Mounted Police as interpreters, guides, and aides in Indigenous communities in northern Canada. Federal police officers or federally-authorized police officers (such as railway police officers ) are sometimes cross-appointed as special constables, in addition to their appointment as federal police officers, enabling them to enforce provincial legislation. Special constables in Alberta are referred to as peace officers. Peace officers are used extensively in Alberta as part of
2212-607: The Scottish Police Federation , which is the staff association established by statute for police officers in Scotland from the rank of Constable up to and including that of Chief Inspector , because police officers are forbidden by law to be members of a trade union . Special Constables can elect to pay a monthly membership subscription to the Federation in order to provide them with the same membership rights and protections as regular officers. Membership of
2291-544: The division's headquarters in Cathays Park were outdated and unfit for purpose. In August 2006 the Design and Build contract was awarded to construction firm, Stradform, with architectural and engineering services provided by Capita Symonds . The new police station opened in 2009, providing custody facilities for Cardiff and Barry and divisional headquarters for South Wales Police. An 18m (60 feet) high sculpture of
2370-523: The murder of Lynette White , although none of the scientific evidence discovered at the crime scene could be linked to them, and a white male was seen in the vicinity at the time of the murder. On conclusion of the longest murder trial in British history, in November 1990 three of the men were found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment. In December 1992, the convictions were ruled unsafe and quashed by
2449-587: The penal code . After training, they are posted to various specialised police departments, where they may undergo further training. Civilians who contribute to the force on a voluntary basis belong to an organisation known as the Volunteer Special Constabulary , which is a department in the Singapore Police Force. The term 'special constable' used to refer to any constable not sworn into a territorial police force as
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2528-555: The Association of Special Constabulary Officers is also open to all warranted Special Constables in Police Scotland . Special Constables receive some travel expenses and allowances from the police service, plus a £1100 "recognition award" for all officers completing the required 180 hours of service every year. There is a half-year award scheme which offers £500 at the end of the financial year for completing 90 hours. This
2607-562: The Cardiff 19 and a known acquaintance were later raided and arrested on June 29 over a video online of her questioning the MP for Pontypridd Alex Davies-Jones over her abstention on a ceasefire vote. Other instances of actions against those in and around the pro-Palestine movement in South Wales include failure to investigate two people in Swansea for assaulting a nine-year-old boy during
2686-643: The College of Policing for officers to be added to the Barring List, preventing them from returning to the profession. It is this sort of unacceptable behaviour which undermines the trust that the public place in our service as well as the efforts of the overwhelming majority of officers and staff who work hard to keep our communities safe." Figures published by the National Police Chiefs Council on 14 March 2023 revealed that SWP had
2765-577: The Metropolitan and Essex police districts under the Epping Forest Act 1878 . English special constables have manifested as various legal entities since 1673, but the modern-day Special Constabulary traces its roots to the 1831 “Act for amending the laws relative to the appointment of special constables, and for the better preservation of the police,” which was passed as a response to industrial violence . The role of special constables
2844-574: The Ministry of public safety have full police powers and are armed. In Ontario , special constables generally have full police powers and can be employed by police services, which are maintained by municipalities, or special constabularies , which can be maintained by transit agencies, public housing corporations, parks authorities, and universities. Special constables employed by police forces are generally tasked with courtroom security, offender transportation, and overseeing holding cells, but since
2923-554: The NSW Police. In South Australia , community constables are recruited by South Australia Police to serve the Indigenous Australian communities. Working alongside police officers, the Aboriginal Australian or Torres Strait Islander community constable help to run a wide range of programs. State police stationed near their state borders are sometimes assigned the status of special constable in
3002-738: The Price case, according to the commission, included breaches of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE) and the PACE Code of Practice, which govern the detention, treatment, and questioning of persons by police officers; the credibility of the prosecution witnesses; "oppressive handling by the police of key witnesses"; and the "veracity of Mr. Ali's guilty plea". In November 1969, the South Africa national rugby union team played Swansea RFC at St. Helen's Rugby and Cricket Ground as part of
3081-533: The RUC and PSNI Reserve, are paid. The Ulster Special Constabulary (see Ireland below) continued to exist until 1970, when its members were assimilated into the RUC as Auxiliary Constables or the Ulster Defence Regiment . The Ministry of Defence employs civilian security officers for its Northern Ireland Security Guard Service ; these have Special Constable Status. The NISGS is an unionised, non-industrial, civilian, armed, guard service under
3160-539: The Rhondda Valley when he raped his victims in 2002 and 2003. Cardiff Crown Court heard he was dismissed from the force in 2013 after being convicted of other sexual assaults. IPCC Commissioner for Wales, Jan Williams, has said Davies was a "sex offender hiding within the police". An Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) investigation report, published in August 2017, into the force's investigation of
3239-465: The ability of the Office to investigate special constables and special constabularies. In Quebec , special constables are peace officers. Their mission is to maintain peace, order and public security, to prevent and repress crime and, according to the jurisdiction specified in their deeds of appointment, to enforce the law and municipal by-laws, and to apprehend offenders. Special Constables employed by
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3318-515: The authority of the general officer commanding (Northern Ireland), who holds ultimate responsibility for the operation of the organisation. A civilian security officer (CSO) is attested by a resident magistrate as a special constable whilst on duty within MoD property. They hold similar powers to that of a police constable based on the Emergency Laws (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1947. A CSO has
3397-566: The body of Karen Price was discovered in Cardiff. Two construction workers unearthed a rolled carpet while installing a garden behind a house. It was disclosed that a number of officers from the South Wales Constabulary who were involved in the investigation of Price's murder had also worked on the Lynette White and Philip Saunders murder inquiries, in which six men were wrongfully convicted. Other sources of concern in
3476-710: The child sex offender Ian Watkins , found that they had failed a number of times from 2008 to 2012 act on reports of Watkins' behaviour. The report concluded: The consequence of the force’s failings was arguably that a predatory paedophile offended over an extended period of time. The evidence obtained in this investigation suggests that South Wales police were faced with a litany of reports about his behaviour, yet in some instances did not carry out even rudimentary investigation, made errors and omissions and missed opportunities to bring him to justice earlier than he ultimately was. South Wales Police Assistant Chief Constable Jeremy Vaughan said his force "entirely accepts and regrets"
3555-647: The completion of nine years' service with a minimum of fifty tours of duty each year. A bar is added to the medal for each subsequent five years of service. Special constables in England and Wales became eligible for the award of the King's Police Medal (KPM) since 2022, whilst Special Constables in Scotland were already eligible. In Northern Ireland , the Royal Ulster Constabulary GC (RUC) employed both full-time and part-time reserve constables,
3634-487: The difference being that in addition to carrying out the same duties as the regular force, a number of full-time reserve officers were deployed to carry out static security duty at the homes of VIPs and at vulnerable buildings and police stations. Part-time reserve constables carried out similar duties to their special constabulary counterparts elsewhere in the UK; however, like the full-time reserve, many part-timers also carried out
3713-542: The event the then Home Secretary , James Callaghan spoke in the House of Commons criticising the police's use of stewards stating "My own view, and I want to put this to the chief constables, is that it is better for the police to tackle this job themselves rather than to have amateur assistants, no doubt of a very beefy character, but not necessarily designed to ensure that the peace is not breached." In November 1988, South Wales Constabulary charged five mixed-race men with
3792-621: The findings of the report. South Wales Police became one of the first three Police forces in the United Kingdom to use facial recognition to police large events alongside the Metropolitan Police and Leicestershire Police , although the latter force discontinued use soon after adoption. The use of facial recognition was met by much criticism, mainly revolving around the high rate of false positives with over 90% of people identified being incorrectly flagged. The use of
3871-642: The force adopted its current name and lost the Rhymney Valley area to Gwent Police due to further local government reorganisation. Today, the force serves the principal areas of Bridgend , Cardiff , Merthyr Tydfil , Neath Port Talbot , Rhondda Cynon Taf , Swansea and the Vale of Glamorgan – most of the historic county of Glamorgan . The force is overseen by the South Wales Police and Crime Commissioner , which replaced
3950-429: The force has 3,119 police officers , 152 special constables , 366 police community support officers (PCSO), 265 police support volunteers (PSV), and 2,167 staff. Of the 3,012 full-time constables as of March 2020 , 2,057 were male and 956 female, 79 officers identified as being from black and minority ethnic (BAME) groups, representing 2.2% of the workforce. BAME groups are disproportionality under-represented in
4029-572: The force is required to adhere to the Welsh language standards set out by the Welsh Government . These include a commitment to maintain equal status of English and Welsh, bi-lingual signage and correspondence and a standing right for individuals to be dealt with in Welsh if they so choose. The Welsh Language Commissioner publishes biennial reports into the compliance with the standards. Since
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#17327913346144108-405: The force, with 6.6% of the population covered by the force identifying as BAME. At the most recent PEEL (police effectiveness, efficiency and legitimacy) inspection by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services in 2019, the force scored "good" across the three key areas, with a number of areas for improvement also identified. As with all public bodies in Wales,
4187-610: The formation of the force in its current form, it has had ten chief constables . The following police stations have operational public front desks as of 2018 . As of 2019, police officer applicants to South Wales Police are required to have a degree as part of the Degree Holder Entry Programme (DHEP). For those who already hold a degree in any subject area, a two-year programme combining on-the-job practical learning and operational competence with academic learning. Upon completion, successful candidates achieve
4266-485: The highest number of officers and staff involved in allegations of sexual and physical violence against women and girls, accounting for 63 percent of all complaints against Welsh police forces. On 22 May 2023, teenagers Kyrees Sullivan and Harvey Evans were killed in a road traffic collision after being chased by South Wales Police officers in the estate of Ely near Cardiff. Their deaths resulted in rioting in Ely throughout
4345-407: The highest standards of professional behaviour. Members of the public and the communities of South Wales should be reassured that the force's Professional Standards Department will fully investigate any complaint or allegation relating to an individual's conduct. In the most serious cases where allegations have been proven, officers have been dismissed from the organisation. Referrals are also made to
4424-525: The investigation, arrests, detention and questioning of the suspects following the murder of Lynette White in 1988, which led to the wrongful imprisonment of three Cardiff men. Butetown Police Station was demolished in November 2006 to make way for the new police headquarters. Plans were unveiled in 2002 for a replacement for South Wales Police's Eastern Division headquarters in Cardiff Bay . The existing facilities (including only eight police cells) at
4503-498: The joint-fourth highest of any police force in the UK. A spokesperson for SWP said: "Recent cases have demonstrated why it is so important for every officer and member of staff to maintain the highest standards of integrity and professionalism and it is down to everyone, regardless of rank or role, to report any colleagues who fall short of these standards. South Wales Police takes allegations of sexual misconduct extremely seriously and will thoroughly investigate those who fail to uphold
4582-743: The late 2010s, an increasing number of Ontario police services employ special constables in frontline policing roles. The municipal police force in Brantford , Ontario employs special constables to provide foot patrols in the city's downtown core, while the police service in Cobourg has used special constables for beach patrols, downtown patrols, traffic collision investigations, and other duties since 2018. Other police forces use special constables to investigate traffic collisions, collect evidence, or manage emergency or crime scenes. In addition to police services, any organization can request authorization from
4661-534: The legal powers of their regular counterparts both on and off duty and, as of 1 April 2007, can use their powers throughout England and Wales. Prior to this date, special constables' powers only applied within the areas of their own and neighbouring forces. They are generally unpaid, but may receive reimbursement for mileage and other expenses incurred. Special constables are awarded the Special Constabulary Long Service Medal on
4740-407: The magistrate or justices believe that "the ordinary constables or officers appointed for preserving the peace are not sufficient for the preservation of the peace, and for the protection of the inhabitants and the security of their property, or for the apprehension of offenders". Special constables were appointed under the Police (Special Provisions) Act 1901 and had the same powers as constables of
4819-411: The national standard College of Policing SEARCH assessment centre and fitness test. The Cardiff Newsagent Three were three men wrongly convicted of the 1987 murder of Cardiff newsagent Phillip Saunders, who was attacked with a shovel in the back yard of his Cardiff home and later died in hospital. Michael O'Brien, Darren Hall and Ellis Sherwood spent 11 years in prison before being released. In 1989,
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#17327913346144898-775: The neighbouring state to allow hot pursuit of offenders across state borders and lawful arrest on the other side. In Canada, a special constable is a sworn peace officer granted police powers to enforce specific legislation or provide police services to a distinct context or geographic area. They are generally unarmed, and while some special constables possess full police powers while on duty, others have extremely limited authority. Special constables can be employed by universities, government corporations like transit commissions and bridge authorities, police forces, municipalities, First Nations , and humane societies. Historically, special constables in Canada were used on an ad-hoc basis to serve summons, provide paid temporary augmentation to
4977-584: The night and into the early hours of 23 May. South Wales Police and Crime Commissioner Alun Michael initially denied the teenagers were being chased by SWP, stating rumours on social media had sparked the disorder, however SWP would later confirm a police van had been chasing the teenagers shortly before the teenagers crashed their electric bicycle . The event was referred to the Independent Office for Police Conduct for investigation who, on 13 June 2023 stated they had served gross misconduct notices to
5056-586: The officers lost their status as special constables. The Yeomen Warders of the Tower of London were first sworn in as special constables in the 1960s, but this stopped in 1991. There are still a few paid special constables – Port Police are sworn in under Section 79 of the Harbours, Docks, and Piers Clauses Act 1847 and the Epping Forest Keepers are also sworn in as special constables for both
5135-494: The original trial were also charged with perjury . Along with eight former police officers charged with conspiring to pervert the course of justice , they stood trial in 2011. The trial was the largest police corruption trial in British criminal history. A further four police officers were due to be tried on the same charges in 2012. In November 2011, the case collapsed when the defence submitted that copies of files which they said they should have seen had instead been destroyed. As
5214-412: The police and over 100 people were injured including 11 police officers. Eyewitness and future MP Hywel Francis describing the policing of the event as "a military-style operation". The leader of the protests, Peter Hain described the response to the protest as being "particularly nasty" and described his shock at discovering "a friend had a broken jaw and a woman demonstrator almost lost an eye". After
5293-421: The powers of a permanent Garda, but must be accompanied by a permanent Garda on duty. Since 1975, national service conscripts in Singapore have been used as Special Constables as part of the Singapore Police Force in addition to their role in the Singapore Armed Forces and Singapore Civil Defence Force . These Special Constables undergo training at the Home Team Academy where they study police protocol and
5372-407: The powers of arrest under the Police and Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1989 (PACE). Special Constables in Scotland were defined as "Members of a Police Force" under terms of the Police (Scotland) Act 1967 and in the subsequent Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012 . They have identical powers to regular (full-time) constables. By default, they are non-contributing members of
5451-399: The province's Police Act , and are responsible for enforcing specific provincial and federal laws, including certain Criminal Code offences. Some municipal police forces also employ special constables as part of a tiered police service delivery model . These special constables are typically used for traffic control, crime scene management, and low-risk emergency call response. In 2014,
5530-607: The province's tiered approach to police service delivery. Municipalities can employ community peace officers — who can enforce provincial regulations (such as traffic offences), respond to calls for emergency service, and receive use-of-force equipment and training — or municipal compliance officers, who are limited to the reactive enforcement of municipal or corporate by-laws and generally do not receive use-of-force equipment or training. Universities, transit systems, First Nations, and private animal protection agencies can also employ community peace officers. Peace officers also compose
5609-408: The provincial government. Other organizations, such as the University of Toronto , which maintains three semi-independent campuses across the jurisdiction of two separate police services boards, receive authorization from each individual police services board. Since 2018, special constabularies in the province have been prohibited from referring to themselves as police services, with the exception of
5688-433: The public benefit exceeds the "significant intrusion into an individual’s privacy" caused by the use of facial recognition. The first time a court had ever considered the use of facial recognition technology was when someone who had been photographed by the technology brought a legal challenge against the use of facial recognition by South Wales Police arguing that its use constitutes a breach of privacy. This legal challenge
5767-551: The same Code of Conduct. However, under section 41 (subsection 3) of the same ordinance, Special Constables are not entitled to pay, benefits, or pensions. The Garda Síochána Reserve is the reserve section of the Garda Síochána – the police force of the Republic of Ireland . It was created in 2006 to supplement the work of the permanent Garda force, and assist in performing its functions. A Garda reserve has most of
5846-568: The stringent training and service standards that police services do, and outside of Alberta and Manitoba , the regulation of special constabularies and other special constable employers is undertaken on a case-by-case basis by either the provincial government or regional police commissions. In Alberta , special constables are referred to as peace officers and must meet unilateral regulations similar to those of police services. Although community peace officers in Alberta can be employed by
5925-486: The technology at football games was described by the North Wales Police and Crime Commissioner Arfon Jones as "disproportionate" adding that its use could lead to miscarriages of justice. Prof Paul Wiles, the UK biometrics commissioner criticised the lack of government oversight of the technology saying that due to the lack of legal framework governing the technology it is at the police's discretion whether
6004-527: The two officers in the van, the driver and the passenger. In early June 2024, 19 arrests were made against pro-Palestine demonstrators, the majority of whom in Cardiff. A disabled protestor from Swansea was arrested by eight officers during a pro-Palestine sit-in protest in Cardiff, followed by 16 protestors at a sit-in in Cardiff Bay Police Station later that night demanding his release. Two people were then arrested in Swansea, including
6083-417: Was not an aspect empirically tested by the current study. It is an area of concern though." In August 2019, South Wales Police announced that they would be trialling the use of facial recognition technology on 50 officers phones for three months, although no update has been given since. In October 2021, it was revealed that eight SWP officers had been arrested for sex offences between 2018 and March 2021,
6162-614: Was redefined into its present incarnation during the First World War when a large force was recruited both to compensate for the loss of regular members who joined the war effort and to add an extra layer of protection during wartime. Special constables were also an important component of the state's response to the British police strikes in 1918 and 1919 and the UK General Strike of 1926 . Special constables have all
6241-422: Was unsuccessful but is currently being appealed. South Wales Police have also been criticised by civil liberties groups as the technology is more likely to give a false positive if the person being scanned is a woman or an ethnic minority. South Wales Police refute this claim on the basis that "AFR does not define race of an individual. When a person is potentially identified through the system. The identification
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