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67-702: Alessandro Albani was born on 15 October 1692 in Urbino , then part of the Papal States. He was the son of Orazio Albani. His studied jurisprudence at the La Sapienza University in Rome. Early in life he also prepared for a military career. At the age of 9 years, on 26 August 1701, he was made an honorary member of the military brotherhood of justice of the Knights of St John of Rome , and in 1707,

134-608: A Doctor of the Church on 19 February 1729. Benedict XIII elevated 29 new cardinals into the cardinalate in a total of 12 consistories ; one such new cardinal was Prospero Lambertini, who later became Pope Benedict XIV . Benedict XIII, whose orders were descended from Scipione Rebiba , personally consecrated at least 139 bishops for various important European sees, including German, French, English and New World bishops. These bishops in turn consecrated bishops for their respective countries, causing other episcopal lineages to die out. As

201-526: A colonel of a regiment of dragoons in the pontifical military. Alessandro was a member of the Albani family (branch of Urbino), which originated from into the Albani (family) that had established itself there from northern Albania in the 15th century. Alessandro's father, Orazio, was the brother of Pope Clement XI Albani, who convinced Alessandro to set aside his budding military career. In part, his weak eyesight, that led to blindness in his advanced age,

268-472: A fascist elementary school "Giovanni Pascoli" (1932) built on the ancient Garden of Saint Lucia (part of the duke's private gardens), the restoration of the palace-Mauruzi Gherardi, then the seat of the court, as well as the Student House, to compensate for the shortage of accommodation as a result of the large increase in university population and housing for the maimed and disabled civilians. In 1938,

335-574: A local mystic, Serafina of God . Upon the death of Pope Innocent XIII in 1724, a conclave was convoked to elect a successor. There were four divisions in the College of Cardinals and there were no clear candidates. At the conclave, Orsini was considered one of the papabili . Orsini was then proposed to be elected because he led a modest, austere life, and was considered to be a pastor. His lack of political expertise suggested that he would be neutral and malleable. Orsini refused to be elected prior to

402-459: A modern European " gentleman " for centuries to come. Cesare Borgia dispossessed Guidobaldo da Montefeltro , Duke of Urbino, and Elisabetta Gonzaga in 1502, with the complicity of his father, Pope Alexander VI . After the attempt of Pope Leo X to appoint a young Medici as duke, thwarted by the early death of Lorenzo II de Medici in 1519, Urbino was part of the Papal States , under

469-570: A new urban layout with the large spit of land below the Doge's Palace incorporated into the city, called the Pincio. These urban transformations brought about a change in access to the city. Instead of passing through narrow, winding streets, through the gates of the walls, now one could enter through the Porta Nuova in an easier and convenient way to arrive in the present Piazza della Repubblica and

536-486: A result, more than 90% of present-day bishops trace their episcopal lineage through him to Cardinal Rebiba. With the papal bull Pretiosus , dated 26 May 1727, Benedict XIII granted to all Dominicans major houses of study and in particular to the Roman College of St. Thomas, the future Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas Angelicum the right of conferring academic degrees in theology to students outside

603-561: The Sacred College . Albani developed into one of the most astute antiquarians of his day, an arbiter of taste in the appreciation of Roman sculpture , and "a powerful and enterprising collector of Roman antiquities and patron of the arts... He used both ancient and modern art as a form of cultural capital," Seymour Howard observed, "giving away acquisitions as favours and selling them for perpetually needed funds or when they lost efficacy for him." His first apprenticeship in this area

670-779: The Seven Years' War stranded him in Rome without his pension, and whose own connoisseurship was sharpened by the connection. After the Napoleonic upheavals the Albani heirs sold the villa to the Chigi , who were themselves related to the Albani and by this time had added the Albani name to their own. The Chigi eventually sold it to the Torlonia , the Roman bankers, to whom the villa still belongs. Cardinal Albani's coins and medals went to

737-524: The Vatican Library , over which he had presided from 1761. The sarcophagi , columns and sculptures have been dispersed, but the famous bas-relief of Antinous remains in the villa. Cardinal Alessandro Albani had another villa and park at Porto d'Anzio , that was finished in February 1732, but was habitable for a few weeks only in spring because of malaria . Perhaps the villa and a casina in

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804-580: The Church in Rome . In the process towards sainthood, his cause for canonization opened in 1755, but it was closed shortly afterwards. It was reopened on 21 February 1931, but it was closed once again in 1940. It was opened once more on 17 January 2004, with the official process commencing in 2012 and concluding later in 2017. He now has the posthumous title of Servant of God . He was born in Gravina in Puglia ,

871-729: The Hanoverian party in Britain - (Clement kept the Stuart pretender as his perennial guest in Rome) was exemplified by his friendship with Baron Philipp von Stosch , who shared many of Alessandro Albani's interests, and his correspondence with Sir Horace Mann , the British envoy at Florence, who caused Clement many occasions of concern. Named papal envoy, with his brother Cardinal Carlo , to Bologna to welcome King Frederick IV of Denmark , he

938-612: The Hapsburgs; he represented Hapsburg Austria at the Holy See , from 1756 until his death. On 12 August 1761 he was appointed Librarian of Holy Roman Church. During the papacy of Pope Clement XIV Albani realigned himself with the zelanti against the interference of Catholic monarchs in the diplomacy that surrounded the eventual expulsion and Suppression of the Jesuits from most Catholic countries. He died on 11 December 1779 and

1005-585: The Marche was included in the Statuto Albertino , and then, on 17 December, it was made official with the issuance of a royal decree. The new government began the confiscation of various ecclesiastical goods, including good part of the convent of San Francisco (where a part of a botanical garden, designed by Vincenzo Ghinelli, was located), the monastery of Santa Chiara , that of San Girolamo, and many others. The century began quietly. In addition to

1072-812: The Montefeltro noblemen took control once more, and held it until 1508. In the struggles between the Guelphs and Ghibellines , when factions supported either the Papacy or the Holy Roman Empire respectively, the 13th and 14th century Montefeltro lords of Urbino were leaders of the Ghibellines of the Marche and in the Romagna region. The most famous member of the Montefeltro family, Federico da Montefeltro , ruled as Duke of Urbino from 1444 to 1482. He

1139-633: The Nazis and executed on the current Punto Panoramica, where memorials are now placed celebrating their sacrifice. The second half of the twentieth century was characterized in Urbino by the cooperation with the major public institutions (the University and the City) by the architect Giancarlo De Carlo . This relationship began in 1956 when Carlo Bo , former rector of the University, commissioned from De Carlo

1206-468: The Order. Benedict XIII was suddenly attacked by a catarrh , contracted while officiating at the funeral service of Cardinal Marco Antonio Ansidei, of which he died on 21 February 1730 at the age of 81. His death was made public to the people the next day. The pope was of middling size; his countenance was mild, his nose aquiline and he had a broad forehead. At the autopsy, it was discovered that his heart

1273-536: The Palazzo Ducale (the city center). This urban renewal reflected many of the ideas of Fulvio Corboli but its design was largely done by the architect Vincenzo Ghinelli. On 8 September 1860 the Piedmontese troops entered Urbino from Port Saint Lucia, forcing the surrender of the last resistance of the papal army under the portico of the childhood house of Raphael. But it was not until 29 September, with

1340-548: The Papacy in 754–56. Its commune later had some independence until around 1200, when it came into the possession of the House of Montefeltro . These noblemen had no direct authority over the commune; however, they could pressure it to elect them to the position of podestà . Bonconte di Montefeltro obtained this title in 1213: Urbino's population rebelled and formed an alliance with the independent commune of Rimini (1228), finally regaining independence in 1234. Eventually, though,

1407-493: The Piazza della Repubblica, with construction that lasted until the early part of the twentieth century. In addition, another important change was the destruction, in 1868, of a part of the walls to create a customs barrier, called Porta Nuova or barrier Margherita (in honor of Princess Margaret of Savoy ), which was necessitated by a new road that ran along a stretch of the walls and was connected to Corso Garibaldi. This resulted in

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1474-517: The Villa down a series of formal parterres . Albani's lifelong friend Carlo Marchionni was the architect in charge, at the Villa and perhaps also for the two temples in the park, an Ionic temple of Diana and a sham ruin . The Albani antiquities were catalogued by the Cardinal's secretary, the first professional art historian, Johann Joachim Winckelmann , who was supported by Albani from the time when

1541-520: The acquisition by the House of Savoy of Sardinia , to which the papacy had long-standing feudal pretensions. Accords were finalised in 1727 during the pontificate of Pope Benedict XIII , for which Vittorio Amedeo expressed his gratitude to Cardinal Alessandro with a rich abbacy and the title of "Protector of the Kingdom". Within the Papal Curia , however, the party of the zelanti considered

1608-554: The archbishop. The state was ruled thereafter by a papal legate , generally belonging to high ecclesiastical hierarchy. Following the annexation of the duchy by the Papal States, the rich artistic heritage (including furniture) of the Ducal Palace went to form, for the most part, the dowry of the last direct descendant of the Della Rovere, Vittoria della Rovere , who married Ferdinand II de Medici. These works went on to form

1675-458: The artistic development from the Scuola del Libro, Urbino also began to grow as a university town, with the elevation to university faculty of nineteenth-century School of Pharmacy and the birth of the department of Education (approximately 1934). Due to these changes in the University, an increase in the student population led to housing shortages that highlighted the state of total unpreparedness of

1742-762: The authenticity of Augustine's bones, which had been discovered in 1695 in the Basilica San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro . The government of the Papal States was effectively held in Benedict XIII's stead by Cardinal Niccolò Coscia , who had been the pope's secretary when he was archbishop of Benevento, and who committed a long series of financial abuses to his own advantage, causing the ruin of the Papal treasury. Coscia and his associates effectively isolated Benedict from other advisors. According to Montesquieu , "All

1809-627: The capture of Ancona, that the total conquest of the Marche region was completed by the Piedmont army. Between 4 and 5 November, the plebiscite was held for the annexation of the Marche to the Kingdom of Sardinia , which ended with 133,783 votes in favor, 260 votes against and 1,212 invalid ballots. In the province of Urbino (excluding the territory of Pesaro) the count was 21,111 for and 365 against with 29 invalid ballots. Subsequently, on 10 November,

1876-581: The city was designated as the headquarters for the fledgling Soprintendenza alle Gallerie e alle Opere d'Arte delle Marche, roughly translated as the Organization of Galleries and Works of Art of the Marche. With the outbreak of World War II the city suffered no bombing, thanks to the large red cross painted on the roof of the Ducal Palace and an agreement between the Germans and the Allies. Only towards

1943-406: The city, so much that for the first time many students were housed in the homes of private citizens. The problem was partly solved with the establishment of the male boarding school "Raphael" at the beginning of the century, and the female boarding school "Laura Battiferri" in approximately 1926. The fascist dictatorship left its mark on the city, especially from an architectural point of view, with

2010-586: The close relationship with De Carlo, the city has hosted twice (1976–81, and 1992–93) the laboratories of the ILAUD , founded and directed by the Genoese architect. One of the last of De Carlo actions was the preparation, between 1989 and 1994, of the New General Plan. The clay earth of Urbino, which still supports industrial brickworks, supplied a cluster of earthenware manufactories ( botteghe ) making

2077-506: The construction of a multi-story underground car park under Torricini's famous Ducal Palace and the restoration of the helical ramp under the theater by Francesco di Giorgio Martini (1971–75), in collaboration with the City. They also developed the project of renovation of the Sanzio theater (1977–82) and the renovation project, much discussed, of the ancient Ducal Stables. In addition, thanks to

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2144-573: The core of the future Uffizi Gallery . Among the works that went to Florence is the diptych of the Dukes of Urbino by Piero della Francesca . Other works of the Ducal Palace were brought to Rome , such as the Barberini Ex Tables of Fra Carnevale and the famous library, absorbed entirely by the Vatican Library in 1657. The eighteenth century opened with the election to the papacy (1701) of Cardinal Giovan Francesco Albani Urbino, under

2211-562: The department of Magisterium (1968–76), the restructuring of the department of Law ( 1966–68 ) and the Battiferri building (1986–99) for the department of Economics. They are three significant examples of the inclusion of a contemporary architecture in an ancient surrounding, and are still studied today. The seventies were marked by a collaboration with the Municipality for a project called Operation Mercatale (1969–72), which included

2278-461: The dynasty of the dukes Della Rovere (1508–1631). They moved the court to the city of Pesaro in 1523 and Urbino began a slow decline that would continue until the last decades of the seventeenth century. In 1626, Pope Urban VIII definitively incorporated the Duchy into the papal dominions, the gift of the last Della Rovere duke, in retirement after the assassination of his heir, to be governed by

2345-530: The eldest of six sons of Ferdinando III Orsini, duke of Gravina , and Giovanna Frangipani della Tolfa, from Toritto . A member of the Orsini of Rome, he was the fifth and last member of that family to become Pope. At the age of eighteen he resigned his inheritance and entered the Dominican Order where he received the name of "Vincenzo Maria". He was ordained to the priesthood in February 1671. Through

2412-696: The end of the war did the retreating German troops try to destroy all the ramparts of the walls, but luckily the mines were tampered with by the workers the Germans had hired from Urbino. During the Second World War, the then Superintendent of the Galleries and Works of Art in Urbino in the Marche Pasquale Rotondi secretly placed around 10,000 priceless works (including those of Giorgione , Piero della Francesca , Paolo Uccello , Titian , Mantegna , Raphael and many more, from all

2479-407: The final ballot, explaining that he was unworthy of it. Eventually he was persuaded to accept by Agustín Pipia , Master of the Order of Preachers and on 29 May 1724, Orsini was elected pontiff. He chose the regnal name of "Benedict XIII" in honour of Pope Benedict XI because he was also of the Dominican Order . On 4 June 1724, he was crowned by Benedetto Pamphili , the cardinal protodeacon. On

2546-530: The following 24 September, he took possession of the Basilica of St. John Lateran . Not a man of worldly matters, Benedict XIII made an effort to maintain his monastic lifestyle. He endeavoured to put a stop to the decadent lifestyles of the Italian priesthood and of the cardinalate . He also abolished the lottery in Rome and the Papal States, which only served to profit the neighboring states that maintained

2613-672: The foothills of the Northern Apennines and the Tuscan-Romagnolo Apennines. It is within the southern area of Montefeltro , an area classified as medium-high seismic risk. Nearly 65 seismic events have affected the town of Urbino between 1511 and 1998. They include 24 April 1741, when the shocks were stronger than VIII on the Mercalli intensity scale , with an epicenter in Fabriano (where it reached 6.08 on

2680-407: The influence of his family, he was named, by Pope Clement X , Cardinal-Priest of San Sisto on 22 February 1672 (allegedly against his will). He also lectured in philosophy at Brescia. Later he was bishop of Manfredonia , bishop of Cesena and then archbishop of Benevento . After an earthquake in 1688 and another in 1702, he organized relief efforts for the victims. He remained a close friend of

2747-543: The internal renovation project of Montefeltro- Bonaventure building, headquarters of the University. Immediately after that, the Genoese architect was commissioned by the City to prepare the General Plan (1958–64) aimed at the recovery of the historical center, which had been in poor condition and was in danger of losing several neighborhoods including the Palazzo Ducale to the land subsidence below. This problem

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2814-486: The main patron of the most significant works until the first half of the nineteenth century. In 1789, the collapse of the cathedral dome following a massive earthquake led to the total renovation of the church. Between 1797 and 1800 the city was occupied by French troops, like much of northern and central Italy. Urbino and its territory lost many important works of art to the French, who moved objects to Paris or Milan , to

2881-643: The major museums in Italy) that were being stolen by the Nazis into the Rock of Sassocorvaro . His actions gained worldwide recognition and to this day the Rock of Sassocorvaro is known as the "Ark of Art". Urbino was liberated from the Nazi occupation on 28 August 1944, thanks to the British V Corps, Polish troops, and the heroic actions of partisan groups in the area. Some of the members of these partisan groups were captured by

2948-566: The manner of Raphael's stanze at the Vatican. Other centers of 16th century wares in the Duchy of Urbino were at Gubbio and Castel Durante . The great name in Urbino majolica was that of Nicolo Pillipario's son Guido Fontana. Pope Benedict XIII Pope Benedict XIII ( Latin : Benedictus XIII ; Italian : Benedetto XIII ; 2 February 1649 – 21 February 1730), born Pietro Francesco Orsini and later called Vincenzo Maria Orsini ,

3015-703: The moment magnitude scale). The originally modest Roman town of Urbinum Mataurense ("the little city on the river Mataurus") became an important strategic stronghold during the Gothic Wars of the 6th century. In 538, it was captured from the Ostrogoths by the Byzantine general Belisarius , and is frequently mentioned by the historian Procopius . Pepin the Short (King of the Franks) presented Urbino to

3082-450: The money of Rome goes to Benevento... as the Beneventani direct [Benedict's] weakness". In foreign relations, he struggled with both John V of Portugal and the Jansenists in France. Upon election, on 4 June 1724, Benedict XIII published the Bulls of Canonization for Saints previously celebrated: Benedict XIII beatified Through the process of equipollent canonization Benedict XIII canonized The Pope declared Peter Chrysologus

3149-438: The name of Clement XI . This was a windfall for the city, especially in terms of arts and culture, thanks to funding by Pope Albani and his family. Major renovations took place, such as Palazzo Albani, the town hall, the archbishop's palace, the Chapel Albani (inside the convent of St. Francis), Saint Joseph's Oratory , and the internal structure of the churches of San Francesco , San Domenico and San Agostino. In addition, due to

3216-468: The nascent galleries of the Louvre and Brera . The century opened with the consecration in 1809 of the new Duomo di Urbino , as designed by the architect Giuseppe Valadier . He also restored the city's Montefeltro-era buildings such as the old seminary, adjacent to the church of St. Sergius, now partly occupied by the Hotel Raffaello. Following the construction of the New Palace of Alban (1831), designed by architect Peter Ghinelli , which gave rise to

3283-469: The park were by Marchionni. Excavations in the park brought to light many ancient Roman sculptures. Urbino Urbino ( UK : / ɜːr ˈ b iː n oʊ / ur- BEE -noh , Italian: [urˈbiːno] ; Romagnol : Urbìn ) is a comune (municipality) in the Italian region of Marche , southwest of Pesaro , a World Heritage Site notable for a remarkable historical legacy of independent Renaissance culture, especially under

3350-404: The patronage of Federico da Montefeltro , duke of Urbino from 1444 to 1482. The town, nestled on a high sloping hillside, retains much of its picturesque medieval aspect. It hosts the University of Urbino , founded in 1506, and is the seat of the Archbishop of Urbino . Its best-known architectural piece is the Palazzo Ducale , rebuilt by Luciano Laurana . The city lies in a hilly region, at

3417-414: The patronage of the pope and his family, the Duomo di Urbino received many improvements. From July 1717 to November 1718 Urbino hosted the court of James Stuart , the exiled pretender to the British throne, who had the strong backing of the papacy. With the death of Clement XI in 1721, the city began a long decline that has continued to the present day. After the pope's death, the Albani family remained

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3484-420: The present Piazza della Repubblica that went on to form the first part of the future Corso Garibaldi, the city experienced a number of urban improvements designed to change the face of the city. From the construction of the Sanzio theater (1845–53) came the final realization of Corso Garibaldi, with a covered walkway on the downhill side to that ensure theater-goers were sheltered from rain and snow on their walk to

3551-477: The public lottery. A man fond above all of asceticism and religious celebrations, he built several hospitals, but according to Cardinal Prospero Lambertini (later Pope Benedict XIV ), "did not have any idea about how to rule". In 1727, he inaugurated the famous Spanish Steps and founded the University of Camerino . In 1728, Benedict's intervention settled a controversy regarding the relics of Augustine of Hippo which erupted in Pavia . He ultimately confirmed

3618-423: The science of perspective, Francesco di Giorgio Martini wrote his Trattato di architettura ( Treatise on Architecture ) and Raphael 's father, Giovanni Santi , wrote his poetical account of the chief artists of his time. Federico's brilliant court, according to the descriptions in Baldassare Castiglione 's Il Cortegiano ( The Book of the Courtier , published in 1528), set standards of what would characterize

3685-508: The terms of the accords too generous. Tensions increased with the accession of Pope Clement XII , who was unsympathetic to Savoy. When a new concordat was arrived at in 1741, Alessandro Albani signed on the part of Savoy. As a cardinal Albani participated in the conclaves of 1724, 1730, 1740, 1758, 1769, and 1774-1775. He announced the elections of Pope Clement XIII (1758), Pope Clement XIV (1769) and Pope Pius VI (1775). His consistent stand against French interests brought him closer to those of

3752-424: The tin-glazed pottery known as maiolica . Simple local wares were being made in the 15th century at Urbino, but after 1520 the Della Rovere dukes, Francesco Maria I della Rovere and his successor Guidobaldo II , encouraged the industry, which exported wares throughout Italy, first in a manner called istoriato using engravings after Mannerist painters, then in a style of light arabesques and grottesche after

3819-501: Was a very successful condottiere , a skillful diplomat and an enthusiastic patron of art and literature. He rose to power in 1444 as the son of Guidantonio , after a conspiracy and the murder of the legitimate heir Oddantonio , hated for his "unbridled lust" and excessive taxes. Federico began a reorganization of the state, which also included a restructuring of the city according to a modern conception - comfortable, efficient and beautiful. At his court, Piero della Francesca wrote on

3886-413: Was buried in the Observant Franciscan Church of San Pietro in Urbino , Marche . Alessandro commissioned in 1745 the construction of the prominent Villa Albani in Rome. Building began in 1751 according to Giuseppe Vasi and celebrated as complete in 1763, to house his evolving, constantly replaced and renewed collections of antiquities and ancient Roman sculpture, which soon filled the casino that faced

3953-401: Was enjoying the Grand Tour, to spy on the Jacobites, who were in Rome making their plans for an invasion of England from Scotland. Information he collected was passed to Albani and then sent to England. Albani's accommodating manner suited him for diplomatic tasks, such as the successful negotiations with Vittorio Amedeo II over conflicting rights of nomination and investiture, aggravated by

4020-430: Was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 May 1724 to his death in February 1730. A Dominican friar, Orsini focused on his religious responsibilities as bishop rather than on papal administration. Orsini's lack of political expertise led him to increasingly rely on an unscrupulous secretary (Cardinal Niccolò Coscia ) whose financial abuses ruined the papal treasury, causing great damage to

4087-447: Was later restored and took part in the conclaves of 1730 and 1740 . Pope Benedict XIV would later say of Benedict XIII: "We respectfully love that pontiff who backed his carriage rather than dispute the passage with a cartman." On that occasion, Benedict XIII had exclaimed to his coachman: "Non ci far impicci" – "Do not involve us in a quarrel." On the other hand, this anonymous satirical comment on Benedict XIII's death

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4154-405: Was not propitious for a soldier, and hence Alessandro entered the clergy. After Pope Clement XI 's death in March 1721, Pope Innocent XIII appointed Alessandro as a cardinal, on 16 July 1721 as Cardinal-Deacon of Sant’Adriano al Foro - for which Alessandro required numerous special dispensations, not least because his brother, Annibale Albani , had been made a cardinal in 1711 and still sat in

4221-497: Was posted at the Pasquino : The process for his beatification was opened in Tortona in 1755 under Pope Benedict XIV but it did not at all advance and so was stalled. On 21 February 1931, also in Tortona, the process was revitalized but the presumed doubts about the morality of the late pontiff's Cardinal Secretary of State , Niccolò Coscia , caused its closing in 1940. The process was reopened on 17 January 2004. The official diocesan process commenced in Rome in early 2012 and

4288-409: Was remarkably large. His funeral ceremonies were performed at the Vatican, whence he was removed to the Santa Maria sopra Minerva where he was buried in a tomb completed by Pietro Bracci and others. After the 1730 papal conclave elevated Pope Clement XII to the pontificate, Clement promptly excommunicated Benedict XIII's corrupt deputy, Cardinal Coscia. Coscia fled Rome and his punishment, but

4355-435: Was sent in 1720 to Vienna in an attempt to retain Papal territorial rights in the duchy of Parma and Piacenza , recently awarded to Charles de Bourbon , and to conclude the negotiations for the restitution of Comacchio , in the possession of Habsburg troops since 1707. Sir Horace Mann, a close correspondant with Horace Walpole in England at the request of the Cardinal, arranged for John Chute of 'The Vyne' in Hampshire, who

4422-443: Was served under the papal antiquary and curator Marcantonio Sabatini . He was the formal protector of Rome's artists as patron of the Accademia di San Luca and was a powerful advocate for his favourites. Among the works of modern artists that passed through his hands was the album of drawings by Carlo Maratti that was sold in 1763 to George III and is conserved in the Royal Collection . His worldly manner and his sympathy with

4489-403: Was solved thanks to state funding derived from two special laws enacted for the city (in 1968 and in 1982 ). Subsequently, De Carlo realized several projects for the university including the college's dormitories, near the Capuchin church outside the city center, an interesting example of how architecture can merge with the surrounding landscape. He also completed projects like the construction of

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