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31-584: He made his studies in the diocesan school and the seminary of the Diocese of Nancy , and was ordained priest in 1863. He was engaged successively as professor in the school (petit séminaire) of Pont-à-Mousson , chaplain to the Dominicanesses at Nancy (1879), and parish priest of Saint-Martin at Pont-à-Mousson (1890). Meanwhile, he had won the Degree of Doctor of Letters with a Latin and a French thesis,

62-588: A Bull of 6 October 1822, Pope Pius VII re-established the Dioceses of Verdun and Saint-Dié, detaching from the diocese of Nancy the departments of Meuse and Vosges. Since 1824 the bishops of Nancy have borne the title of Bishops of Nancy and Toul, since nearly all of the territory of the ancient Diocese of Toul is united with that of Nancy. 48°41′29″N 6°11′11″E  /  48.69139°N 6.18639°E  / 48.69139; 6.18639 Toul Toul ( French pronunciation: [tul] )

93-463: A considerable political struggle between Louis XV, Louis XVI, and the Dukes of Lorraine, the diocese was erected by Pope Pius VI on 17 December 1777. The Diocese of Nancy is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Besançon . The title of count and the rights of sovereignty of the medieval Bishops of Toul originated in certain grants which Henry

124-597: A publication now in the public domain :  Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " François-Désiré Mathieu ". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company. Diocese of Nancy The Diocese of Nancy and Toul ( Latin : Dioecesis Nanceiensis et Tullensis ; French : Diocèse de Nancy et de Toul ) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France . After

155-563: Is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France . It is a sub-prefecture of the department. Toul is between Commercy and Nancy , and the river Moselle and Canal de la Marne au Rhin . Toul has an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfb ). The average annual temperature in Toul is 9.8 °C (49.6 °F). The average annual rainfall is 761.1 mm (29.96 in) with June as

186-463: Is known. There appears to have been a fortified town at this location since the earliest recorded history. Today, the ramparts encircle and define the old town. They are built of dressed white stone, and topped with grass, and in places are over five metres high. There is a great deal of Roman archaeology in the area and allegedly some in the town. The Roman fortified town of Grand is some 30 km away, with its great amphitheatre and temple to

217-787: Is undergoing a major restoration. There is no trace of the monastery, however its wine-cellars still exist, under the shops on the north side of the Rue Gambetta. (Access is possible via the Camera Shop). Toul is at the intersection of the river Moselle (which divides into the river proper and the Moselle Canalisée just outside the town) with the Canal de la Marne au Rhin , and was once, consequently, an important port. The barges known as péniches still navigate these watercourses commercially, typically carrying steel, though in

248-592: The Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1790). Its territory was subsumed into the new diocese, called 'Meurthe', which was part of the Metropolitanate called the 'Metropole du Nord-Est' (which included seven new 'départements' and dioceses). The Civil Constitution mandated that bishops be elected by the citizens of each 'département', which immediately raised the most severe canonical questions, since

279-600: The Cult of Apollo . The old town's architecture is dominated by past glories in various states of decay, including a major Gothic cathedral , which is in a poor condition and is being slowly restored. Many of the houses were built as canonical residences in the Late Middle Ages and bear vestiges in the form of ornamental stonework. The gothic chapel of the Knights Templar Commandery of Libdeau

310-628: The Constituent Assembly. In 1777 and 1778 Toul lost territories out of which were formed two new dioceses: Saint-Die and Nancy , both of them suffragans of Trier. The Concordat of 1802, suppressing Toul , made Nancy the seat of a vast diocese which included three Departments: Meurthe, Meuse, and Vosges. The diocese of Nancy was abolished during the French Revolution by the Legislative Assembly , under

341-601: The Fowler gave St. Gauzelin in 927. During the Conflict of Investitures in 1108, the chapter became divided: the majority elected Riquin of Commercy as bishop; the minority chose Conrad of Schwarzenburg . Henry V granted Conrad the title of bishop , with the stipulation that he did not exercise episcopal office . In 1271 grave differences broke out again in the chapter of Toul . In 1278 Pope Nicholas III personally appointed Conrad of Tübingen as bishop. Thereafter, it

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372-533: The French, and Lorraine became a French province . The population of Toul was around 10,000 persons in 1688. After the French Revolution of 1789 France was divided into departments—Lorraine consisted of the departments of Meurthe, Meuse, Moselle and Vosges. Nancy, Verdun, Metz and Epinal became the capitals of these departments. In 1688, the Cathedral of Toul had a Chapter with ten dignities and forty Canons. In

403-607: The Oratorian Luc-François Lalande of Saint-Lô, a theologian and student of Hebrew. He was consecrated a bishop at Notre Dame in Paris on 29 May by Jean-Baptiste Gobel, the titular Bishop of Lydda, who had been installed as Constitutional Bishop of Paris. On 3 June he made his official entry into Nancy, where he began a war of pamphlets with Bishop de la Fare, who was in exile in Trier. In September 1792 Lalande

434-747: The area around Toul as the Toul Sector. Two large operations were launched from this area: the St. Mihiel Offensive and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive , both in September 1918. During World War II , the American 358th Fighter Group used Toul-Croix De Metz Airfield (A-90) during the fall of 1944 and spring of 1945, and Toul-Rosières Air Base (BA 136) was an American NATO air base during the 1950s and 1960s. The most striking features are

465-482: The city of Toul there were seven parishes, seven houses of male religious and four monasteries of monks. The diocese had around 200 parishes. In 1777, the Cathedral of Nancy had a Chapter in which there were three dignities and twenty-four Canons. In the city of 30,000 persons there were 7 parishes, twelve houses of male religious, and ten monasteries of monks. All cathedral chapters in France were abolished in 1790 by

496-588: The education of poor children destined for the priesthood. He inaugurated the same enterprise in the Diocese of Toulouse , to which he was transferred three years later (30 May 1896) by a formal order of Pope Leo XIII . In his new see he laboured, in accordance with the views of this pontiff, to rally Catholics to the French Government. With this aim he wrote the Devoir des catholiques , an episcopal charge which attracted wide attention and earned for him

527-534: The electors did not need to be Catholics and the approval of the Pope was not only not required, but actually forbidden. Erection of new dioceses and transfer of bishops, moreover, was not in the competence of civil authorities or of the Church in France. The result was schism between the 'Constitutional Church' and the Catholic Church. The legitimate bishop of Nancy, Anne Louis Henri de La Fare, refused to take

558-607: The end, Clement VIII decided that Nancy was to have a primatial church and that its prelate would have the title of Primate of Lorraine and wear episcopal insignia, but should not exercise episcopal jurisdiction. In 1648 according to the Treaty of Westphalia the bishoprics of Metz, Toul and Verdun (all belonging to the Holy Roman Empire ) became French cities. The duchy of Lothringen , surrounded by French territories and repeatedly occupied by French troops, finally fell to

589-660: The fortress surrendered at 3:00 p.m. after 2,433 shells had been fired. The city was also the primary base of the Air Service, United States Army , a predecessor organization of the United States Air Force during World War I . As such, it was a base for many of the 45 wartime squadrons of the First Army Air Service , including the squadrons of the 1st Pursuit Group , First Army Observation Group and others. The Americans referred to

620-441: The impressive stone ramparts . Those that exist today are the work of Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban , Louis XIV 's military engineer. In 1698 he designed a new enclosure and work began in 1699-1700. Several of Vauban 's fortifications in France are listed as a combined UNESCO World Heritage Site . Although the fortifications at Toul are not in that list they do follow the general defiladed fortification pattern for which Vauban

651-512: The latter being honoured with a prize from the Académie française for two years. On 3 January 1893, he was nominated to the Bishopric of Angers , was preconized on 19 January, and consecrated on 20 March. He succeeded Charles Émile Freppel , one of the most remarkable bishops of his time, and set himself to maintain all his predecessor's good works. To these he added the work of facilitating

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682-684: The oath, and therefore the episcopal seat was declared vacant. On 13 March 1791 the electors of Meurthe were assembled, and elected the Lazarist P.-F. Chatelain, a Professor at the Seminary in Toul. After some considerable consideration, he refused the election. The electors therefore returned to their deliberations, and, on the recommendation of the Ecclesiastical Committee of the National Assembly, on 8 May 1791 chose

713-556: The pope's congratulations. In addition he was summoned to Rome to be a cardinal at the curia (19 June 1899). Having resigned the See of Toulouse (14 December 1899), his activities were thenceforward absorbed in the work of the Roman congregations and some secret diplomatic negotiations. Nevertheless, he found leisure to write on the Concordat of 1801 and the conclave of 1903 . In 1907 he

744-488: The summer much more of the water traffic is for pleasure. There is a main-line railway station at Toul, the last major station before the (once vast, and still very large) marshalling yards at Nancy . However, the Paris-Strasbourg TGV line , completed in 2016, passes about 20 km north of Toul, approximately midway between Metz and Nancy. The surrounding countryside is a wine-growing region, in which

775-574: The wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 18.6 °C (65.5 °F), and lowest in January, at around 1.3 °C (34.3 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Toul was 37.9 °C (100.2 °F) on 11 August 1998; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −17.8 °C (0.0 °F) on 9 January 1985. Toul was known to the Romans as Tullum Leucorum , and

806-589: Was admitted to the Académie française with a discourse which attracted much notice. Death came to him unexpectedly next year in London, whither he had gone to assist at the Eucharistic Congress . Under a somewhat commonplace exterior he had an inquiring mind. His works include; A new edition of his works began to appear in Paris, July, 1910. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

837-674: Was elected a delegate to the Convention, where, on 7 November, he renounced his functions. In 1795 he became a member of the Council of 500. In 1801 he wrote a letter of submission to Pope Pius VII. At the end of 1799, an assembly of Constitutional priests elected Francois Nicolas of Epinal as a successor to Lalande. Nicolas, and all the Constitutional Bishops, were required to resign in May 1801 by First Consul Bonaparte, who

868-500: Was generally the Holy See which appointed the bishops, alleging various reasons as vacancies arose. As a result, many Italian prelates held this important see until 1552, when Toul was occupied by France . In 1597 Charles III , duke of Lorraine asked Pope Clement VIII for the dismemberment of the See of Toul and the creation of a see at Nancy; this failed through the opposition of Arnaud d'Ossat, Henry's ambassador at Rome . In

899-532: Was negotiating a treaty with Pope Pius VII , the Concordat of 1801 (15 July 1801). Nicolas never recanted. Once the Concordat went into effect, Pius VII was able to issue the appropriate bulls to restore many of the dioceses and to regulate their boundaries, most of which corresponded closely to the new 'départements'. The Concordat of 1802, suppressing Toul , made Nancy the seat of a vast diocese which included three Departments: Meurthe, Meuse, and Vosges. In

930-696: Was recognized by the Holy Roman Empire in the Peace of Westphalia of 1648. It then was a part of the French province of the Three Bishoprics . Toul was the seat of the bishops of Toul ; the diocese was founded around 365 and existed until 1807. During the siege of 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War , the last time that Toul's defenses were used as a classic fortress, 64 guns opened fire at 6:00 a.m. on 23 September, and

961-609: Was the capital of the Gaulish tribe of the Leuci . In 550, King Theudebald convoked a synod at Toul . In 612, King Theudebert II of Austrasia was defeated by King Theuderic II of Burgundy near Toul. By the Treaty of Meerssen of 870, Toul became part of East Francia , the later Holy Roman Empire. During the High Middle Ages, it became a Free Imperial City . Toul was annexed to France by King Henry II in 1552; this

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