115-471: The Bathurst District Soldiers' War Memorial Carillon is located in Bathurst, New South Wales , on Kings Parade between Russell Street and Church Street. The Carillon consists of 47 bells, an original arrangement of 35 with an additional 12 added in 2018, and was constructed in 1933 as a memorial to the men and women of Bathurst who served in both World War I and World War II . The memorial also contained
230-564: A servant , a cow, four bushels [141 litres] of wheat, an allotment in the new town, and to receive into the King's Store at Bathurst all the Wheat they can grow for the first 12 months. In the early years of settlement, Bathurst was a base for many of the early explorers of the NSW inland, including George Evans in 1815, John Oxley in 1817–1818, Allan Cunningham in 1823, and Thomas Mitchell during
345-670: A sewage treatment system. Town gas had arrived in Bathurst courtesy of a private venture in 1872, with the Council providing a competing network from 1888. On 30 June 1914, the Council purchased the Wark Bros gas system and combined the gas networks. The old gasworks plant on Russell Street (now out of use) was built in 1960. In 1987 natural gas arrived via a new 240 km spur pipeline off the Moomba to Sydney pipeline. The early part of
460-579: A camp for cheap convict labour. In late 1810, Macquarie toured the regions around Sydney naming and marking out the sites and street plans of future towns such as Liverpool , Windsor and Richmond . On a visit of inspection to the settlement of Hobart Town on the Derwent River in Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania ) in November 1811, Macquarie was appalled at the ramshackle arrangement of
575-437: A central role in urban planning in the colony. He had a significant impact on the development of modern Sydney , establishing the layout upon which the modern city centre is based, establishing Hyde Park as Australia's first public park, overseeing the construction of various public buildings along Macquarie Street , and devising the layouts of a number of settlements which today are part of Western Sydney . He also ordered
690-494: A convicted forger named William Henshall cut the centres out of the coins and counter stamp them to distinguish them as belonging to the colony of New South Wales. The central plug (known as a "dump") was valued at 15 pence and the rim (known as a holey dollar ) became a five- shilling piece. Any forging of the new currency was proclaimed as being punishable by seven years in the Newcastle coal mines. Macquarie also encouraged
805-718: A desire for Aboriginal peoples to be treated kindly, in 1816 he gave orders that led to the Appin Massacre of Gundungurra and Dharawal people during the Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars . Lachlan Macquarie was born on the island of Ulva off the coast of the Isle of Mull in the Inner Hebrides , a chain of islands off the West Coast of Scotland . His father, Lachlan senior, worked as a carpenter and miller, and
920-439: A gas-fuelled eternal flame until replaced by a bronze sculpture in 2019. On 25 August 1926 The National Advocate printed a column detailing the proposal made by Mr. R. H. Browning for a memorial consisting of a tower containing 23 bells, at an expected cost of £10,000 for the tower and £5,000 for the bells. After seven years of construction, costing £8000, the memorial was unveiled on 12 November 1933. There are two plaques on
1035-616: A large group of Gandangara and Tharawal people near the Cataract River gorge in the upper Nepean catchment. At least 14 men, women and children were killed, some shot while others fell off the cliffs. This became known as the Appin Massacre . The corpses of two men, Cannabaygal and Dunnell, were strung up on trees as per Macquarie's instructions, the skull of Cannabaygal later being taken to Scotland . Two surviving women and three children were taken prisoner and Macquarie rewarded Wallis for his efforts by appointing him Commandant of
1150-541: A major problem for the authorities. Ben Hall , one of the period's most notorious bushrangers, was married in St Michael's Church at Bathurst in 1856. In October 1863, Hall and four other members of his gang raided Bathurst, robbing a jeweller's shop, bailing up the Sportsmans Arms Hotel, and engaging the police in a shootout. They returned three days later and held up more businesses. A few members of
1265-557: A new Hudson ambulance. A new ambulance station was opened 2 March 1929 and is still used by the NSW Ambulance Service. Motor cars were becoming common in the early 20th century and the need for road service patrols commenced in 1927, provided by the NRMA using a motorcycle/sidecar response vehicle. The early electronic media age arrived with the opening of commercial radio station 2BS on 1 January 1937. Bathurst Aerodrome
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#17327762859511380-612: A new concrete single track rail bridge structure alongside and brought into use in 2011); the four lane Evans Bridge which opened in 1995; the Denison Bridge opened in 1870 (closed to road traffic and now a pedestrian bridge); the Gordon Edgell Bridge, a low−level bridge located on George Street; and Rankens Bridge at Eglinton . Two physical components comprise the Bathurst region; the Bathurst Basin and
1495-487: A northern latitude. On 5 July 1900, Bathurst received a freak snowfall measuring at 68 centimetres (27 in) in the main street. Bathurst is relatively dry year round, as it lay in a rain shadow on account of its sheltered valley location flanked by hills and ranges on all sides. On 11 February 2017, Bathurst Ag recorded a new record high temperature of 41.5 °C (106.7 °F), although temperatures of 40 °C (104 °F) are exceedingly rare for Bathurst. There
1610-528: A number of heritage-listed sites, including: Bathurst's place in Australia's history is evidenced by the large number of landmark monuments, buildings, and parks. In the centre of the city is a square known as Kings Parade. Originally a market area from 1849 to 1906 , it was redesignated as a public recreation ground and site for a soldiers memorial. Kings Parade now contains three memorials, an open space park and gardens. The Bathurst War Memorial Carillon
1725-522: A personal introduction to King George III . He served in London as Assistant Adjutant General to Lord Harrington and was able to purchase an estate on his native Isle of Mull , which he named Jarvisfield . In 1805, Macquarie was ordered to return to India to take charge of the 86th Regiment of Foot and after arriving also became military secretary to Governor Duncan at Bombay. In 1807 he travelled overland from India to Britain via Persia and Russia, and
1840-628: A plan established by Macquarie. The colony's most prestigious buildings were built on Macquarie Street which he named after himself. Some of these still stand today including the 'Rum Hospital' part of which now serves as the Parliament House of New South Wales . The elaborate stables which Macquarie commissioned for Government House are now part of the modern structure housing the Sydney Conservatorium of Music . Other notable edifices built during Macquarie's tenure include
1955-566: A regional centre (the state median is 38), and is related to the large education sector in the community. The city has had a moderate population growth of 1.29% year-on-year averaged over the five years until 2019, making Bathurst the tenth fastest-growing urban area in New South Wales outside Sydney. This growth over recent years has resulted in increased urban development, including retail precincts, sporting facilities, housing estates and expanding industrial areas. The area around what
2070-413: A small cannery in 1926. In 1930, he formed the company Gordon Edgell & Sons which became, and still is, a famous Australian food brand, now owned by Simplot . Many attempts were made to start a university college, the earliest attempts were 1912 through to 1947 when real progress was made with plans for a state teachers college. The first intake of teacher students came at the beginning of 1951 with
2185-433: A total of around 100,000 migrants before its closure in 1952, when Villawood Migrant Centre was opened. Officially Bathurst Migrant Reception and Training Centre, it was usually referred to as Bathurst Migrant Camp. Bathurst's population has had rapid growth periods throughout its history; during the mid to late 19th century gold rush period, then post World War 2 when migrants from the war ravaged countries were settled in
2300-456: A waterworks was built to the south of the town on the river with the water pumped through piping laid progressively to the businesses and private dwellings. In 1931, work started on the 1,700 ML Winburndale Dam project to gravity feed water through a wood stave pipe laid to the town. The scheme was opened by the Premier of New South Wales on 7 October 1933. Later, a new larger water supply dam
2415-411: Is a 30.5 metres (100 ft) tall tower structure located in the centre of Kings Parade. The Parade is located in the centre of Bathurst's CBD. The Carillon is a memorial to the soldiers who died in the two World Wars. The bell tower contains 49 bronze bells cast by John Taylor & Co in 1928 that are rung daily at lunchtime, and an eternal flame on the platform level of the structure. The Carillon
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#17327762859512530-660: Is a city in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales , Australia. Bathurst is about 200 kilometres (120 mi) west-northwest of Sydney and is the seat of the Bathurst Regional Council . Founded in 1815, Bathurst is the oldest inland settlement in Australia and had a population of 37,396 in 2021. Bathurst is often referred to as the Gold Country, as the area was the site of Australia's first discovery of payable gold in 1851, and where
2645-457: Is a reading of 44.7 °C (112.5 °F) on 12 January 1878 at the Gaol, however such a reading may have been subject to overexposure. The highest minimum temperatures on record are 28.1 °C (82.6 °F) on 14 January 1939, and 27.8 °C (82.0 °F) on 20 November 1904. The lowest recorded temperature was −10.6 °C (12.9 °F) on 31 July 1873; and the lowest maximum temperature
2760-525: Is located on William, George, Howick, Russell, and Durham Streets. The CBD is about 25 hectares (62 acres) in area and covers two city blocks. Banking, government services, shopping centres, retail shops, a park (shown) and monuments are in this area. Bathurst has retained a mix of main street shopping along with enclosed shopping centres within the CBD, unlike other towns where the CBD focus has split between main street and new shopping centre developments located in
2875-603: Is now called Bathurst was originally occupied by the Muurrai clan of the Wiradjuri people. It was known as dalman or place of plenty. Yam fields were cultivated on the fertile floodplain and fire-stick farming was utilised to maintain grassy pasture for wild game. The Wiradjuri were noted by early colonists for their neat mandiyaba or possum-skin cloaks which were decorated with artistic etchings known as burwurr . British colonial settlement into this area began in 1815 and
2990-573: Is the dominant feature of Bathurst granite (intruded in the Devonian period) and at Mount Panorama and Mount Stewart basalt occurs. Topography of the region ranges from slightly undulating to rough and very steep country, about 30 km to the east of Bathurst is the folded and faulted sedimentary and metamorphosed formations of the Great Dividing Range which runs roughly north–south. Bathurst's central business district (CBD)
3105-672: The British Army in 1776 and was assigned to the 84th Regiment of Foot . Later that year he travelled with it to North America to fight against the revolutionaries in the American War of Independence . On the way to America he participated in the Battle of the Newcastle Jane, the first naval victory for a British merchant ship over an American privateer . Macquarie was initially stationed at Halifax, Nova Scotia and obtained
3220-534: The Great Dividing Range in the Macquarie River plain ; also known as the Bathurst plains. The Macquarie River, which is part of the Murray-Darling basin , the largest river system in Australia, runs through the centre of the city. A number of levee banks have been erected in Bathurst to protect the region from occasional flood events. Mount Panorama is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from
3335-578: The Hunter Region . Bathurst is also on the Main Western railway line that starts at Sydney Central and proceeds for 242 kilometres (150 mi) by rail to Bathurst. The Macquarie River divides Bathurst with the CBD located on the western side of the river. Four road bridges and two rail bridges span the river within the city area. From the upstream side they are: Macquarie River Railway Bridge (built in 1876 ) closed in 2011 (replaced with
3450-529: The National Trust of Australia and is inscribed "The Father of Australia". A statue of Macquarie commissioned by the NSW Government and created by Terrance Plowright in 2012, stands at the north entrance to Hyde Park in the centre of Sydney. A nearby inscription reads: "He was a perfect gentleman, a Christian and supreme legislator of the human heart." The appropriateness of the statue and
3565-510: The Newcastle convict settlement. Hostilities continued for most of the rest of 1816 with Macquarie proclaiming no Aborigines were allowed into the settled areas without a passport and issuing search and destroy orders for a further 10 Aboriginal men. By early 1817, these actions by Macquarie forced an end to Aboriginal resistance in what is now known as the Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars . Macquarie's policies, especially his championing of
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3680-558: The Parramatta Native Institution for the education of Aboriginal children. Around forty Aboriginal children, some of whom were 'decoyed away' from their parents and others taken during frontier conflict, became students and were taught in the British tradition by William and Elizabeth Shelley. The children seem to have been mostly well-treated and in 1819, Maria Lock topped the colony-wide examinations. However,
3795-509: The Second Australian Imperial Force 's 1st Armoured Division ; however, it was later converted to an infantry training centre due to the unsuitability of the closely settled area to armoured training. Following World War II , the camp was converted to a migrant reception and training centre , with the first group of migrants arriving in 1948. At times the centre had up to 10,000 residents at one time, taking in
3910-532: The capitulation of Alexandria to the British. Macquarie remained in Egypt for about a year during which time he met up with his brother. Macquarie contracted syphilis while in Egypt. In 1803, Macquarie returned to Britain having amassed a fortune of £20,000. His elevation to the social elite saw him meet several times with Jacob Bosanquet and the directors of the East India Company and he also had
4025-571: The 'Beyers-Holtermann Specimen', this being the world's largest specimen of native gold ever discovered, a record that still stands today. One illustration of the prosperity gold brought to Bathurst is the growth and status of hotels and inns . The first licensed inn within the township was opened in 1835, the Highland Laddie . At the peak of hotel activity in 1875, coinciding with the gold rush period, there were 61 operating concurrently. A total of 89 hotel locations have been identified in
4140-413: The 'exclusive' colonists such as John Macarthur , Samuel Marsden and Archibald Bell who were strongly against the social reforms of Macquarie. They wanted the convicts to be removed from the government building works in the towns and instead labouring on their large sheep-grazing land acquisitions. Bigge concurred with these opinions and saw that government expediture could be significantly decreased and
4255-561: The 1830s. In 1819, frontier conflicts between local Wiradjuri groups and encroaching settlers began when Aboriginal people were shot and others mauled by the colonists' dogs. When Governor Brisbane opened the Bathurst area to wider colonisation from 1822, the subsequent large influx of graziers led to a more intense conflict over land and resources known as the Bathurst War . The Wiradjuri, led by leaders such as Windradyne , continued to resist settler encroachment until martial law
4370-482: The Blue Mountains and become the first non-Indigenous people to view the great plains of the interior. Later that same year George Evans , directed by Macquarie to further explore this inland region, came upon and named the Macquarie River . In 1815, Macquarie ordered the establishment of Bathurst on this river, which became Australia's first inland British settlement. Evans conducted further exploration to
4485-590: The British flag at the Grand Depot, ordered a ceremonial volley to be fired and named the military outpost as Bathurst after the Secretary of State for War and the Colonies , Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst . Bathurst thereby became the oldest inland British settlement in Australia. William Cox, who was appointed the first Commandant of Bathurst, and William Lawson were promised large grants of land in
4600-462: The British wool industry strengthened if large numbers of convicts were assigned to these 'men of capital' as cheap labour. Bigge's reports subsequently depicted Macquarie as having an error of conduct in making New South Wales a place for the convicts to reform back into society rather than a place of punishment, and stated that his policies of remediation toward the emancipated were not only 'inexpedient and dangerous' but were 'an act of violence' to
4715-661: The CBD and effectively within the city limits; it is 877 metres (2,877 ft) AMSL and rises 215 metres (705 ft) above the Bathurst CBD. The Great Western Highway , which begins in the centre of the city of Sydney, ends at Bathurst. Two main state highways start at Bathurst: the Mitchell Highway to Bourke and the Mid-Western Highway to Hay . Bathurst is about mid-way along a regional road route from Canberra and Goulburn to Mudgee and
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4830-553: The East India Company forced into a peace treaty with Pazhassi. Macquarie resigned from his commanding role soon after the campaign. He participated in front-line combat during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War against the forces of Tipu Sultan , helping defeat them first at the Battle of Seedaseer and then at the siege and storming of Tipu's palace at Srirangapatna in 1799. He described the "glorious" aftermath where
4945-478: The Governor, named a promising coastal inlet Port Macquarie . Macquarie's policy toward Aboriginal Australians consisted of co-operation and assimilation, backed by military coercion. On arrival in the colony in 1810 Macquarie gave a speech expressing the wish that "Natives of this Country...may be always treated with kindness and attention", and for the next four years very little conflict occurred. However, in
5060-709: The Lochbuie estates of his uncle, Captain Murdoch Maclaine. Through the influence of Maclaine, he was offered a lieutenancy in the 77th (Hindoostan) Regiment of Foot, a British Army unit, which he took up on Christmas Day 1787. The cost of this regiment was met by the East India company because it was raised specifically for service in India. Macquarie arrived with his regiment at Bombay in August 1788 where he
5175-489: The Macquarie federal electoral district which was more easterly based including the Blue Mountains area with Bathurst as the western boundary of the district. Lachlan Macquarie Major General Lachlan Macquarie , CB ( / m ə ˈ k w ɒr ɪ / ; Scottish Gaelic : Lachlann MacGuaire ; 31 January 1762 – 1 July 1824) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator from Scotland . Macquarie served as
5290-565: The NSW Parliament. Prior to 1856, Bathurst was a part of the Electoral district of Western Boroughs . Before the 1920s, Bathurst was a single member constituency , in the 1920s it became a multimember district with proportional representation . During the middle part of the 20th century the seat was marginal between Labor and Country Parties, from 1981 when the strong Labor town of Lithgow moved from Blue Mountains to Bathurst,
5405-618: The Parramatta Female Orphan School, St James Church , and the Hyde Park Barracks . He also officially named and established Hyde Park as a public recreation area. These buildings were constructed by Macquarie in defiance of the British government's ban on expensive public building projects in the colony and reflect the tension between Macquarie's vision of Sydney as a Georgian city and that of powerful British colonists who saw it as not much more than
5520-574: The Ribbon Boys were hanged in Bathurst for their crimes. The site of the first and largest public hanging in Bathurst is still marked by the laneway sign Ribbon Gang Lane in the CBD. Bathurst became the first gold centre of Australia. Flecks of gold were first discovered in the Fish River in February 1823, but it was on 12 February 1851 in a Bathurst Hotel that Edward Hargraves announced
5635-605: The Tablelands areas. They are drained by the Macquarie, Turon , Fish and Campbells Rivers to the north and Abercrombie and Isabella Rivers to the south. The central basin area of the Bathurst area is mainly granite soils while in the north area sandstone , conglomerates , greywacke , siltstones , limestones and minor volcanos predominate. The south is more complex geology with siltstones, sandstones, greywacke, shales and chert , basalt and granite intrusions and embedded volcanic and limestones. Underlying Bathurst
5750-407: The area and returning soldiers were offered farming land, and at the start of this century has been another fast growth period corresponding in part to Sydney's congestion. Other periods have seen a slightly declining population, including the decade around the 1900s and during the 1960s. The following chart illustrates the growth from 1856 to recent times. Bathurst is located on the western edge of
5865-581: The area and soon sent herds of their livestock to the region. The Bathurst region was opened up to wider British settlement in 1818 when Macquarie granted ten men 20 hectares (50 acres) of land each. These men were William Lee , Richard Mills, Thomas Kite, Thomas Swanbrooke, George Cheshire, John Abbott, John and James Blackman, John Neville and John Godden. These grants were located at what is now White Rock and Kelso . In 1818, Governor Macquarie stated in his diary: This morning I inspected 10 new settlers for Bathurst. I have agreed to grant each 50 acres of land,
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#17327762859515980-488: The arrival its first judge, Jeffery Hart Bent , Macquarie's relationship with the courts became fractious. Bent, a staunch conservative, brought solicitors Frederick Garling and William Moore with him and refused to hear cases brought by ex-convict lawyers. The subsequent personal antipathy between him and Macquarie resulted in making the court unworkable. Bent complained to the British Government that Macquarie
6095-651: The bodies of Tipu and his people "lay in such immense Heaps on the Ramparts...as well as in different Parts of the Town that no regular account of them could be taken". Macquarie received £1,300 in prize money after the city was looted . In 1800, Macquarie was part of the British entourage headed by Governor Duncan that forced Mir Nasiruddin Khan of Surat to sign a treaty with the East India Company dictating
6210-487: The century saw electricity arrive initially for street lighting ; the city converted from gas street lighting to electric lighting on 22 December 1924, when 370 electric lights at a cost of £40,000 were switched on. Lighting spread along streets through to 1935, over time to businesses and finally private houses. Sewage treatment was an early infrastructure project funded by the state government and built in 1915. Water supply started with private wells in backyards. Eventually
6325-587: The coaching workshops located in Bathurst and the Bathurst Information Centre contains a restored Cobb & Co. coach. Bathurst later became the centre of an important coal-mining and manufacturing region. The Main Western railway line from Sydney reached Bathurst in 1876. From that time, the town became an important railway centre with workshops, crew base with locomotive depot and track and signal engineering offices. It remains today as
6440-430: The colonial surgeon, while Andrew Thompson and Simeon Lord were appointed as magistrates. The gentry in the colony, known as the "exclusives" were outraged at these appointments with some refusing to work alongside the promoted ex-convicts. However, an 1812 inquiry into the convict system in Australia by a Select committee on Transportation , supported Macquarie's liberal policies. The committee concluded that
6555-499: The colonisation in the Bathurst district, Macquarie personally selected ten settlers, many of whom were emancipists. Obstacles to these social reforms included a severe drought in 1814, causing widespread loss of crops and livestock. Many farmers were close to insolvency with the ensuing depression. Also, the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 brought a renewed flood of both convicts and settlers to New South Wales, doubling
6670-585: The colony following the Rum Rebellion of 1808 against Governor William Bligh . Macquarie was ordered by the British government to arrest two of the leaders of the Rum Rebellion, John Macarthur and Major George Johnston . However, by the time that Macquarie arrived in Sydney, both Macarthur and Johnston had already sailed for England to defend themselves. Macquarie immediately set about cancelling
6785-406: The colony on 22 May 1809, on HMS Dromedary , accompanied by HMS Hindostan . The 73rd Regiment of Foot came with him on the two ships. He arrived on 28 December at Sydney Cove and landed officially on 31 December, taking up his duties on the following day. In making this appointment, the British government changed its practice of appointing naval officers as governor and chose an army commander in
6900-483: The colony should be made as prosperous as possible so as to provide work for the convicts and to encourage them to become settlers after being given their freedom. Macquarie also looked favourably on issuing land grants to emancipists, and in 1811 when wishing to expand British settlement to the south-west, he issued a large amount of 30 and 40 acre grants in the Appin region to ex-convicts. Later, in 1818, when expanding
7015-477: The continent's first gold rush occurred. Today education, tourism and manufacturing drive the economy. The internationally known racetrack Mount Panorama is a landmark of the city. Bathurst has a historic city centre with many ornate buildings remaining from the New South Wales gold rush in the mid to late 19th century. The median age of the city's population is 35 years; which is particularly young for
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#17327762859517130-503: The creation of the colony's first bank, the Bank of New South Wales , in 1817. Macquarie was given specific instructions to encourage morality and orderliness in the colony. He promoted marriage and church attendance, increased police patrols and made laws against public alcohol consumption. Central to this policy were the emancipists : convicts whose sentences had expired or who had been given conditional or absolute pardons. Macquarie wanted
7245-598: The designing of a street layout for Hobart . A supporter of exploration, Macquarie authorised the 1813 expedition across the Blue Mountains , the first successful British traversal of the region. He ordered the establishment of Bathurst , the first inland British settlement in Australia. While seeking to promote morality and orderliness, Macquarie favoured the liberal treatment of ex-convicts, known as emancipists , appointing them to prominent government positions and providing generous land grants. Despite expressing
7360-455: The discovery of payable gold 26 miles (42km) north-west at the confluence of two creeks, a spot soon named Ophir . Further discoveries followed quickly nearby in Sofala and Hill End , and by the 1860s Bathurst's economy was transformed by the discovery of the region's gold and began to boom. The area's fame grew even more in 1872 when Hill End became famous for Bernhardt Holtermann 's finding of
7475-509: The district. The town in 1885 was a hub for stores such as E.G. Webb & Co. with supplies and distribution occurring throughout large parts of western NSW and into Queensland and South Australia. This period is characterised by periods of slow to moderate population growth, with industrial and education industries developing and technology and services delivered to the town. Several major infrastructure developments arrive such as distributed town gas , electricity , town water supplies, and
7590-483: The early governors who sought to establish Australia as a country, rather than as a prison camp. The nationalist school of Australian historians have treated him as a proto-nationalist hero. Macquarie formally adopted the name Australia for the continent, the name earlier proposed by the first circumnavigator of Australia, Matthew Flinders . The origin of the name "Australia" is closely associated with Macquarie who first used it in an official despatch in 1817. As well as
7705-420: The emancipated convicts and the lavish expenditure of government money on public works, aroused opposition both in the colony and in London, where the government still saw New South Wales as fundamentally a penal colony, a place to be dreaded by the convicts. Therefore, in 1819 Earl Bathurst appointed an English judge, John Bigge , to visit New South Wales and report on its administration. Bigge consulted with
7820-501: The established colonists. Macquarie offered his resignation several times, which was accepted in 1820 with Thomas Brisbane replacing him as governor in 1821. Macquarie served longer than any other governor but not long after, in 1824, the overall power within the role was reduced by the introduction of the New South Wales Legislative Council , Australia's first legislative body, appointed to advise
7935-759: The event of the Natives making the smallest show of resistance – or refusing to surrender when called upon so to do – the officers Commanding the Military Parties have been authorized to fire on them to compel them to surrender; hanging up on Trees the Bodies of such Natives as may be killed on such occasions, in order to strike the greater terror into the Survivors. On 17 April, the detachment of 33 grenadiers led by Captain James Wallis managed to corner
8050-604: The ex-convicts to live reformed, law-abiding Christian lives. Initially he favoured Anglicanism only but in 1820 cautiously welcomed officially-approved Catholic priests. Some of these emancipated convicts were either skilled professionals or had become very wealthy by operating commercial enterprises in the colony. Macquarie viewed these types of ex-convicts as ideal models of social transformation, and rewarded them by elevating their social standing and appointing them to important government positions. For example, Francis Greenway became colonial architect, Dr William Redfern became
8165-403: The federal committees key requirements for the capital to have: "centrality and accessibility of situation, salubrity, and capacity for impregnable defence". The proposed site for the capital city would have been slightly north-west of Bathurst, straddling the Macquarie River, at the locality known as Elrington. An Australian Army camp was established at Bathurst in early 1940, intended for
8280-432: The fifth Governor of New South Wales from 1810 to 1821, and had a leading role in the social, economic, and architectural development of the colony. He is considered by historians to have had a crucial influence on the transition of New South Wales from a penal colony to a free settlement and therefore to have played a major role in the shaping of Australian society in the early nineteenth century. Macquarie played
8395-565: The gang spent time in Bathrust Gaol, including Fred Lowry and John Peisley , who was hanged there for murder in 1862. The Cobb & Co business was a horse drawn coaching transport business originally established in Victoria but relocated to Bathurst in 1862 to follow the gold rush. The business provided gold escorts, mail services and passenger services to the towns and rural settlements. Cobb & Co. coaches were constructed in
8510-520: The governor. Macquarie returned to Scotland, and died in London in 1824 while busy defending himself against Bigge's charges. However, his reputation continued to grow after his death, especially among the emancipists and their descendants, who were the majority of the Australian population until the Australian gold rushes . Today he is regarded by many as the most enlightened and progressive of
8625-535: The handover of that province to Company rule. In 1801, Macquarie was appointed by General David Baird as Deputy Adjutant-General of the large British-Indian expeditionary force assigned to link up with Sir Ralph Abercromby 's army to expel the French Army from Egypt . Macquarie sailed with his regiment to Egypt from India with the French already in retreat toward Alexandria . He arrived there two days after
8740-485: The hope that he could secure the co-operation of the corrupt and insubordinate New South Wales Corps . Aided by the fact he arrived in New South Wales at the head of his own unit of regular troops, Macquarie was unchallenged by the New South Wales Corps, whose officers led by John Macarthur had mutinied against and imprisoned the previous governor, William Bligh . When he arrived in Sydney in 1809 he
8855-544: The institution was also a conscious attempt to reduce the influence and future of Indigenous culture and may have contributed to further disillusion and hostility. Macquarie also developed a strategy of rewarding Aboriginals who assisted the British by declaring them 'chiefs of their tribe' and presenting them with a brass breast-plate (known as a gorget ) engraved with their name and title even though it often did not reflect their actual clan status. Macquarie also rewarded these 'chiefs' with small parcels of land set aside for
8970-516: The junior rank of ensign on 9 April 1777. On 18 January 1781, he was promoted to lieutenant and transferred to the 71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot , and served with them in New York City and Charleston . Macquarie safely saw out the end of the rebellion by being posted in Jamaica at the time of the British defeat in the war. In June 1784 Macquarie returned to Scotland, where he managed
9085-404: The justice system. Macquarie himself chose to keep the peace with the remaining NSW Corps officers and maintained an ambivalent attitude to the rebellion against Bligh. Part of Macquarie's undertaking of bringing order to the colony was to refashion the convict settlement into an urban environment of organised towns with streets and parks. The street layout of modern central Sydney is based upon
9200-559: The late Chief Justice of Antigua , Thomas Jarvis, who had owned slave plantations there . According to their marriage settlement, Miss Jarvis was worth £6,000 which was paid out to Macquarie three years later when she died of tuberculosis . In 1795, he saw further action leading troops at the successful siege of the Dutch fort at Cochin . A year later Macquarie participated in the taking of Colombo and other Dutch possessions in Ceylon , and
9315-410: The many geographical features named after him, many institutions in Australia such as Macquarie University in Sydney are also named in his honour. Macquarie was promoted to colonel in 1810, Brigadier-General in 1811 and major-general in 1813, while serving as governor. Macquarie was buried on the Isle of Mull in a mausoleum near Salen with his wife, daughter and son. The grave is maintained by
9430-439: The mountainous nature of the country around Bathurst and assisting the development of storm cells. These storms do not often strike the city and instead move either in a south-east or north-east direction away from Bathurst. Bathurst gets 106.9 clear days annually. In winter, light to moderate snowfalls occur each year on the high country around Bathurst, while snow is relatively rare in the city itself due to its low elevation at
9545-424: The mountains; as well as if possible to apprehend the Natives who have committed the late murders and outrages, with the view of their being made dreadful and severe examples of, if taken alive. — I have directed as many Natives as possible to be made Prisoners, with the view of keeping them as Hostages until the real guilty ones have surrendered themselves, or have been given up by their Tribes to summary Justice. — In
9660-510: The newer suburbs is Marsden Estate, in Kelso. Due to its elevation, Bathurst has an oceanic climate ( Cfb ), according to the Köppen climate classification . Bathurst is in Australia's cool temperate zone, having warm summers and cool to cold winters with four distinct seasons. Regular spring and summer thunderstorms are common, resulting from the flat plains country to the west, leading into
9775-665: The official opening on 9 November 1951. The college has transformed over time into the Mitchell College of Advanced Education on 1 January 1970. The college grew and ultimately became the Charles Sturt University on 19 July 1989. Bathurst was one of the locations to campaign to be the site of the new federal capital. In an essay prepared by a journalist with the Bathurst Times , Price Warung, in 1901 to promote Bathurst's candidacy, he responds to
9890-498: The railway regional engineering headquarters with a large rail component manufacturing facility. The heritage listed Bathurst Courthouse , a predominant landmark of the city centre, was constructed in 1880 based on designs by the New South Wales Colonial and Government architects , James Barnet and Walter Liberty Vernon . In 1885, Bathurst had a population of about 8,000 and an additional 20,000 people in
10005-508: The remaining Wiradjuri were forced to make peace with the colonial authorities. The Bathurst Rebellion occurred in late September 1830, when a large group of over 80 escaped convicts known as the Ribbon Gang roamed the Bathurst district, ransacking villages and engaging in shootouts over the course of three weeks. They were eventually captured and charged with murder, bushranging and horse-thieving. On 2 November 1830, ten members of
10120-517: The road at the Bathurst Plains. These were the first non-Indigenous residents of what was to become Bathurst but was simply referred to until May 7 of that year as the Grand Depot. Governor Macquarie surveyed the finished road in April 1815, travelling along it to the Grand Depot with his wife and an entourage of 50 officials, soldiers and servants. On 7 May 1815, Governor Macquarie raised
10235-756: The same day as Sydney was declared a city. Bathurst Regional Council was formed on 26 May 2004 following the amalgamation of the Bathurst City Council, most of Evans Shire and a small amount of land formerly included in Oberon Shire . The Electoral district of Bathurst is the state seat in the NSW Parliament . This seat covers the major centres of Bathurst and Lithgow , and all or part of Bathurst, Blayney , Cabonne , Lithgow, Mid-Western and Oberon local government areas. Since 1859, Bathurst has existed as an electoral district in
10350-453: The same year. In 1814, Governor Lachlan Macquarie approved an offer by William Cox to build a road crossing the Blue Mountains , from Emu Plains to the Bathurst Plains. This road was 3.7 metres (12 ft) wide and 163.3 kilometres ( 101 + 1 ⁄ 2 mi) long, built between 18 July 1814 and 14 January 1815 using 5 freemen, 30 convict labourers and 8 soldiers as guards. Twenty convicts and soldiers remained stationed at terminus of
10465-531: The seat was dominated by Labor, except for 1988 when it was won by the Liberal Party for one 3-year term, and the 2011 election when Paul Toole of the National Party won the seat. Bathurst is currently within the federal electoral district of Calare which includes a large part of western NSW from Lithgow in the east to Tullamore in the west. Prior to the 2010 election , Bathurst was within
10580-487: The side of the memorial, both commemorating the 50th anniversary of the end of World War II – the first unveiled by Peter Wellington, and the other unveiled by Doreen Smith. Inside the building many more plaques have been erected to commemorate sacrifices made by service men and women. 33°25′04″S 149°34′45″E / 33.41768°S 149.57917°E / -33.41768; 149.57917 Bathurst, New South Wales Bathurst ( / ˈ b æ θ ɜːr s t / )
10695-528: The south-west in 1815 at the behest of the Governor and named the Lachlan River after him. Macquarie appointed John Oxley as surveyor-general and sent him on expeditions in 1817–18 to further explore the Lachlan River, Liverpool Plains and the north coast of New South Wales and to find suitable lands for colonisation. Oxley, following the tradition of labelling the geographic features after
10810-423: The southern end of Kings Parade. This memorial was unveiled in 1910 by Lord Kitchener . In 2021, there were 37,396 people in Bathurst. Local government was trialled in the new Colony with a 'Bathurst and Carcoar District Council' established on 12 August 1843, Bathurst was proclaimed a town in 1852 and incorporated as a borough in 1862, next a municipality in 1883, then gazetted a city in on 20 March 1885.
10925-506: The suburbs. Within the CBD lies Kings Parade; this is a park setting with several memorials of people and events in history. It is a popular location for locals to meet. Keppel Street is Bathurst's second commercial shopping area, removed from the CBD by two blocks to the south. This area developed once the railway arrived in 1876. The main suburbs of Bathurst are: Kelso, Eglinton, West Bathurst, Llanarth, South Bathurst, Gormans Hill, Windradyne, Windradyne Heights and Abercrombie Estate. One of
11040-477: The town and ordered the government surveyor James Meehan to survey a regular street layout. This survey determined the form of the current centre of the city of Hobart. Another town-planning reform initiated by Macquarie was made when he ordered all traffic on New South Wales roads to keep to the left. Macquarie is credited with producing the first official currency specifically for circulation in Australia. In 1812 he purchased 40,000 Spanish dollar coins and had
11155-411: The town of Bathurst, with 112 operating in the immediate district during the course of the history in Bathurst. Initially many pubs were simply a cottage with stables. As prosperity increased during the gold rush, the hotels became typical of architecture of pubs known today. Bathurst's position as a key transit point for transporting gold to Sydney made it an attractive target for bushrangers , causing
11270-567: The use of their families. The first receiver of these rewards was Bungaree who in 1815 was issued a gorget, a boat and 15 acres at Georges Head . In 1816, gorgets and land parcels were given to Colebee and Nurragingy by Macquarie for their role in assisting the military operations against hostile Aboriginals along the Nepean River. The practice of colonists giving gorgets to 'loyal' Aboriginals continued for many decades throughout Australia. In March 1816, considerable Aboriginal resistance
11385-401: The various initiatives taken by the rebel government—for example, all "pardons, leases and land grants" made by the rebels were revoked. However, after an avalanche of petitions from leaseholders were sent to Macquarie, he soon back-flipped and ratified them all. Although the New South Wales Corps and its monopoly were soon ended, the military influence survived, with officers having sway over
11500-490: The white population. Macquarie utilised his civic building programme to encourage employment and economic activity. Macquarie's efforts to allow emancipists to take up official positions also extended to the judicial system where, due to a lack of solicitors, convicted former lawyers such as Edward Eagar were allowed to take on civil cases. In 1814, with the establishment of the Supreme Court of New South Wales and
11615-525: The winter of 1814 a number of settlers and Aboriginal people were killed in conflict in the Nepean River region. Macquarie initially made proclamations to promote peace but also later sent an armed expedition to patrol the area. Aiming to advance better relations, Macquarie organised a conference at Parramatta on 28 December 1814 for all Aboriginal people in the region, and in January 1815 he opened
11730-548: Was a cousin of a Clan MacQuarrie chieftain. His mother, Margaret, was the sister of the influential Murdoch Maclaine , 19th laird of Lochbuie . Despite this, his parents were relatively poor and probably illiterate, leasing and working a small farm as sub-tenants at Oskamull. In his early teens, Macquarie was sent to Edinburgh to be educated, possibly attending the Royal High School of Edinburgh where he learnt English and arithmetic. Macquarie volunteered to join
11845-630: Was a great sponsor of British exploration in the colony. He himself participated in a number of expeditions around the Sydney Basin and to other regions including Jervis Bay , Port Stephens , the Hunter River , Bathurst and Van Diemen's Land . He invariably named the landmarks and new settlements he came across after himself, his wife or members of the British aristocracy. In 1813 he authorised Gregory Blaxland , William Wentworth and William Lawson to conduct their successful crossing of
11960-405: Was accompanied by his Indian "slave-boy" named George Jarvis, whom he had purchased in 1795 for 160 rupees at age 6 (along with a 7-year-old named Hector). Jarvis was named after his deceased wife's brother while Hector later escaped. He wrote about them in his diaries: "very fine, well-looking healthy Black Boys". Macquarie's first task was to restore orderly, lawful government and discipline in
12075-498: Was an extraordinary −0.8 °C (30.6 °F) on 18 June 1877, which is the only known daily maximum below 0 °C (32 °F) to have occurred in a major Australian city. Bathurst is one of only a handful of Australian towns to have recorded a sub-freezing maximum (others include Guyra and Nimmitabel ), while at least one month has remained entirely free of air-frosts, a trait common in broadly-temperate Laurasian ( European , Asian , and North American ) climates. Bathurst has
12190-477: Was blameworthy of authoritarian excesses, while Macquarie complained that Bent was insubordinate. As a result, Earl Bathurst , the Secretary of State for the Colonies, in an effort to keep society in the colony functioning, recalled Bent to England and censured Macquarie. This situation contributed to Commissioner John Thomas Bigge being sent in 1819 to enquire into the affairs of New South Wales. Macquarie
12305-703: Was built on the Campbells River . Originally known as the Campbell River Dam scheme and later renamed the Ben Chifley Dam after the late Prime Minister Ben Chifley of Bathurst. It was opened in November 1956. The Ben Chifley Dam received a major storage upgrade designed to meet the cities needs to 2050; the work was completed in 2001 increasing the capacity by 30% to 30,800 megalitres (6.8 × 10 imp gal; 8.1 × 10 US gal). An ambulance service commenced on 6 June 1925 with
12420-457: Was declared in August 1824, after which settlers conducted several raids against Wiradjuri settlements; colonists such as Theophilus Chamberlain, the superintendent for William Cox , perpetrated several massacres . In response, Major James Thomas Morisset was appointed commandant of Bathurst to restore order, conducting several sweeps across the landscape. Martial law ended in December 1824 as
12535-632: Was encountered especially at Silverdale where a large group of Aborigines killed four settlers with a combination of spears and stolen muskets. Macquarie ordered the mobilisation of three detachments of the military in order to go: into the Interior and remote parts of the Colony, for the purpose of Punishing the Hostile Natives, by clearing the Country of them entirely, and driving them across
12650-476: Was expanded in 1818 when Governor Lachlan Macquarie removed restrictions that limited colonial settlements. Once these restrictions were removed the Wiradjuri people suffered major dislocation, death and disruption to their way of life. The government surveyor, George Evans , was the first European to sight the Bathurst Plains in 1813, following the first successful British crossing of the Blue Mountains in
12765-429: Was made commander of the occupying garrison at Galle . In May 1797, Macquarie led troops during the campaign against the rebel forces of Pazhassi Raja in the jungles around Manantheri . Employing guerilla tactics, Pazhassi inflicted sizable casualties on the 77th, killing a number of officers with Macquarie himself being wounded in the foot. The British torched all the villages in the district but conceded defeat with
12880-460: Was officially completed on Armistice Day , 11 November 1933 at a cost of £8,000. It was upgraded in 2020 to World Carillon Federation [ nl ] standards, making it only the third such carillon in Australia. The Evans memorial stands at the northern end of Kings Parade. Completed in 1920, the memorial commemorates the discovery of the Bathurst Plains in 1813 by George Evans , Assistant Surveyor of Lands. The Boer War memorial stands at
12995-468: Was opened in 1942, initially to benefit the war effort providing parking for aircraft overflowing from Richmond air force base . The first commercial airline service departed for Sydney on 16 December 1946. A famous Australian brand name of frozen foods began in Bathurst. Robert Gordon Edgell arrived in Bathurst in 1902. By 1906, he was growing pears, apples and asparagus and experimenting with canning and preserving fruit and vegetables, eventually opening
13110-602: Was stationed for two years. He saw active service from 1790 to 1792 during the Third Anglo-Mysore War , under General Abercromby, participating in the Capture of Cannanore and the 1792 Siege of Seringapatam . He was promoted to Major of Brigade of troops on the Malabar Coast in August 1793 and became a Freemason that same year at Bombay. In September 1793 Macquarie married Jane Jarvis, daughter of
13225-626: Was very impressed by the layout and architecture of St Petersburg. Later that year, Macquarie married his third cousin Elizabeth Henrietta Campbell in Devon and took command of the 73rd Regiment in Scotland as a Lieutenant-Colonel. Macquarie's wife gave birth to a daughter in 1808 which died in infancy. On 8 May 1809 Macquarie was appointed to the position of Governor of New South Wales and its dependencies. He left for
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