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41-636: Carl Anton Larsen was born in Østre Halsen, Tjolling , the son of Norwegian sea captain Ole Christian Larsen and his wife Ellen Andrea Larsen (née Thorsen). His family subsequently relocated to nearby Sandefjord , the home of the Norwegian whaling industry, where at the young age of 9 he went to sea in a small barque with his father chasing seals and trading across the North Atlantic with Britain , returning to go to school during

82-459: A shipmaster . Upon becoming a shipmaster, Larsen needed a ship of his own. This was more than he could afford so instead he bought a share of an old barque called the Freden . It was not smooth sailing for Larsen as the barque Freden was all but wrecked after his first voyage. He soon got her fixed, only to be faced with another setback: nobody had any freight he could carry. This turned out to be

123-548: A Norwegian whaling reconnaissance expedition to Antarctica, in command of the Jason . The Jason was a ship Larsen was familiar with as he had been aboard it during the voyage that carried Fridtjof Nansen to Greenland during his east–west crossing in 1888. They spent the 1892-93 summer exploring the waters and shores of Graham Land , returning the following summer to investigate the Weddell and Bellingshausen Seas . The sea ice

164-482: A cremation cemetery, largely dated to the 10th century. Charlotte Blindheim (1917-2005) started excavating in 1947 and completed her last publication in 1999. In 1997, Dagfinn Skre and his associates from the University of Oslo undertook a new program of work at Kaupang followed by a large excavation that ran over three years, from 2000 till 2002. Most recently it has been the site of post-excavation work conducted by

205-567: A long time." Larsen died in December 1925 while attempting to run a full-scale whale factory ship down towards the Ross Sea . Tjolling Tjølling is a former municipality in Vestfold county, Norway . The 70-square-kilometre (27 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1988. The area is now part of Larvik Municipality . The administrative centre

246-410: A major municipality merger which consolidated the municipalities of Brunlanes (population: 8,138), Hedrum (population: 10,449), and Tjølling (population: 7,878) with the towns of Larvik (population: 8,045) and Stavern (population: 2,538) to create a new, much larger Larvik Municipality with a population of 37,048 people. The municipality (originally the parish ) is named after an old name for

287-858: A resource for recreational hunting for the people involved in the whaling industry. Larsen, like other managers and senior officers of the South Georgia whaling stations, lived in Grytviken together with his family including his wife, three daughters and two sons. In 1910, they obtained British citizenship , following an application filed with the British Magistrate of South Georgia in which Larsen declared: "I have given up my Norwegian citizens rights and have resided here since I started whaling in this colony on 16 November 1904 and have no reason to be of any other citizenship than British, as I have had and intend to have my residence here still for

328-482: A ship, but due to economic difficulties in Norway at the time, he could not achieve that. This was a setback, but he went to work at sea as a cook, learning the importance food played in keeping men happy. He finally got a position aboard the barque Hoppet out of Larvik, as second mate , then first mate and senior officer below the captain. He was 21 and knew he had to study again so he came ashore and soon became

369-517: A stroke of luck as he decided to go on his first whaling experience, hunting bottlenose whales just off the coast of Norway. Larsen was a born whaler and soon filled the Freden with whales and went on filling her until 1885 when he realized that he could not use the Svend Foyn gun with little chaser-steamers like the modern whalers . It was time for a newer ship. Between 1892 and 1894 Larsen led

410-399: A supply of fresh water, and an abundance of whales. The expedition archaeologist found numerous sealers’ artefacts and named the site Grytviken (‘Pot Cove’). Larsen saw the possibilities to establish a land-based whaling station, which he was to develop from 1904. Returning south in December 1902 to collect Nordenskjöld’s party, Larsen found Antarctic Sound choked with ice. Before attempting

451-636: Is a body of water about 30 nautical miles (56 km; 35 mi) long and from 7 to 12 nautical miles (13 to 22 km; 8 to 14 mi) wide, separating the Joinville Island group from the northeast end of the Antarctic Peninsula . The sound was named by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Otto Nordenskjöld for the expedition ship Antarctic which in 1902, under the command of Carl Anton Larsen ,

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492-487: Is also known as a popular cottage area, as well as a popular holiday area. The most popular ports are Ula and Kjerringvik . Viksfjord is an idyllic sidefjord to Larviksfjorden , and is located in Tjølling. Tjodalyng school is a primary and secondary school for Tjølling, with around 520 students and 60 employees. The school was built as a primary school in 1963, and was expanded as a secondary school in 1976. Tjølling IF

533-474: Is used. The two Viking ships in the arms and refer to the long history of the area. The arms were designed by Hallvard Trætteberg . The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms. Historic numbers show that Tjøllings population grew from the early 19th century until the municipal merger in 1988. Tjølling is the site of one of the oldest Viking Age settlements within Scandinavia . Kaupang

574-588: The Antarctic , starting a new era of whaling. On Christmas Eve, 1904, he produced the first whale oil of the season in the newly built whaling station of Grytviken . With capital from Argentine, Norwegian and British sources, he founded the first Antarctic whaling corporation, the Compañía Argentina de Pesca (Argentine Fishing Company). Within a few years the Antarctic was producing about 70% of

615-487: The Bransfield Strait , is the line connecting Cape Dubouzet (63°16'S, 57°03'W) on Trinity Peninsula with Turnbull Point (63°02'S, 56°36'W) on D'Urville Island. The southern limit is the line connecting Cape Scrymgeour on Andersson Island (63°35'S, 56°26'W) with Cape Purvis on Dundee Island (63°35'S, 55°58'W). Close to the north of Andersson Island lies the smaller Jonassen Island , the two being separated by

656-530: The Foyn Coast in Graham Land , King Oscar Land , and Robertson Island . He also identified two active volcanoes and many groups of islands, and was first to record a colony of emperor penguins although, as the species was unknown to him, he mis-identified them as king penguins . The colony was not rediscovered until 2014. His expedition also discovered fossilised plant remains on Seymour Island , and

697-405: The University of Oslo . Tjøllingvollen (or simply Vollen ) is located at the highest part of the outer raet . The village is the administrative centre of Tjølling. The village is a well developed rural area, with a grocery store, kindergarten, post office, primary and secondary school, health and elderly institutions, among others. During the 1960s and 1970s, the residential area of Vollen

738-493: The 69.5 square kilometres (26.8 sq mi) area between the river Numedalslågen and Sandefjordsfjorden , south of the European route E18 highway. There's some agriculture and numerous quarries excavating of larvikite in Tjølling. The biggest quarry is Klåstad, which extracts a type of larvikite called Mørk Labrador (English: Dark Labrador). Tjølling has a long coastline with many fine beaches and coves. Tjølling

779-586: The Larsen ice shelf and Jason Peninsula during the summer; unaware of the fate of the Antarctic but better supplied than the ship’s crew, they too settled in for another winter when the Antarctic failed to arrive. With summer, in late 1903, the three men at Hope Bay decided to make another attempt to reach Nordenskjöld; his location was known to potential rescuers, while theirs was not. Although they veered south-west towards Prince Gustav Channel , by chance Nordenskjöld’s team had also decided to explore that area and

820-760: The Yalour Strait which joins the Antarctic Sound to the Erebus and Terror Gulf part of the Weddell Sea . The sound is 30 nautical miles (56 km) long and from 7 to 12 nautical miles (13 to 22 km) wide. The Tabarin Peninsula forms the southwestern coast of the Antarctic Sound and contains several bays, the main ones being Hope Bay and Trepassey Bay. Cube Rock lies in the southern entrance southeast of Cape Scrymgeour. The Antarctic Sound

861-413: The area ( Old Norse : Þjóðarlyng ) since the first Tjølling Church was built there. The first element is the genitive case of the word þjóð which means "crowd of people" or "assembly". This is likely because the site was apparently the location of a Thing for the district long before the introduction of Christianity . The last element is lyng which means " heather ". The coat of arms

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902-464: The damages. It was rebuilt from 1762 to 1767 as a Romanesque church with interiors from different eras. The restoration in 1860 gave Tjølling church its present appearance. While it existed, this municipality was responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services , senior citizen services, unemployment , social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads . During its existence, this municipality

943-414: The fall and winter. He continued this for a number of years, until his curiosity for the sea was so strong he enrolled himself in navigation school where he passed the exam for foreign-going mate at the age of 18. Having been to Britain a few times in the previous years he realized the importance of knowing more languages and taught himself English and Spanish . Larsen was eager to get work as an officer on

984-600: The funeral service for Sir Ernest Shackleton was conducted in the church before his burial in the church cemetery. Larsen established a meteorological observatory at Grytviken, which from 1905 was maintained in cooperation with the Argentine Meteorological Office under the British lease requirements of the whaling station until these changed in 1949. Larsen was also instrumental, with his brother, in introducing Reindeer to South Georgia in 1911, as

1025-447: The more treacherous route around Joinville Island , Larsen therefore left three men (Duse, Andersson and Grunden) at Hope Bay with instructions to sledge south, contact Nordenskjöld’s team, and bring them back to Snow Hill Island in case the Antarctic was unable to reach them. While Larsen headed into the Weddell Sea , the three men found their route blocked by open water and returned to Hope Bay to await Larsen’s return. The pack ice

1066-460: The ship passed through the iceberg-infested Antarctic Sound now named after it – the expedition was unable to get further south than Snow Hill Island . Nordenskjöld’s party of six scientists was left there in January 1902 to overwinter, and Larsen planned to return the following summer to pick them up. Larsen spent the southern winter exploring South Georgia , where he found a sheltered harbour,

1107-516: The two teams met on 12 October 1903 near Vega Island . Meanwhile Larsen had rowed across Hope Bay from Paulet Island with five men, to rescue the men he had left there. Arriving, they found the deserted hut and a note saying the men had left in another attempt to find Nordenskjöld. Larsen’s boat therefore headed south to Snow Hill Island to attempt to find them there. On 8 November the Argentine ship ARA Uruguay reached Snow Hill Island to rescue

1148-463: The two teams now re-united there; miraculously, Larsen and the five men from his boat arrived later in the afternoon, having seen the Uruguay in the distance. The Uruguay then sailed north to collect the remaining crew from Paulet Island. Only one crew member had been lost, succumbing to illness while overwintering on Paulet Island. In 1904, Larsen settled on the British island of South Georgia in

1189-478: The winter at Hope Bay . Another vessel trying to navigate the sound en route for Snow Hill Island in 1920, failed to get through and could not even reach Hope Bay, and " Operation Tabarin " in 1944 was beset by similar problems. Hope Bay was at one time the site of a British base, and there is now a permanently staffed Argentinian research station there called Esperanza Base . Hope Bay has been recognised as an Important Bird Area . Birds that breed here include

1230-446: The world's whale oil. Larsen had chosen the whaling station's site during his 1902 visit while in command of the Antarctic . Larsen organized the construction of Grytviken ― a remarkable undertaking accomplished by a team of 60 Norwegians. As with other buildings, a church was pre-built in Norway and erected in Grytviken. This typical Norwegian-style church was consecrated as a Church of Norway church, on Christmas Day, 1913. In 1922,

1271-467: Was a big trading centre for the Vikings. Kaupang is considered to be Norway's first city, being mentioned by Ohthere of Hålogaland when he visited Alfred the great around year 890. There have been several earlier archaeological surveys and excavations at Kaupang. In 1867, antiquarian Nicolay Nicolaysen mapped one of the grave-fields around the former town and excavated 79 grave mounds. He uncovered

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1312-483: Was expanded and this has continued into the 21st century. Tjølling Church ( Tjølling kirke ) was originally constructed as a medieval stone church in the 12th century. The church was hit by a fire in 1360 and was then rebuilt. An earthquake damaged the church in the 1750s. It has been speculated that it was the 1755 Lisbon earthquake , but it's more plausible that it was an earthquake in Kattegat in 1759 that caused

1353-466: Was first navigated by the vessel Antarctic belonging to the Swedish Antarctic Expedition of 1902, captained by Otto Nordenskjöld . Frequently clogged by pack ice, particularly tabular icebergs broken from the Larsen Ice Shelf , it is deceptive and difficult to traverse, and in the year after its first navigation, the same vessel was trapped and crushed by the ice, the ship's crew spending

1394-680: Was founded in 1888, and is located at Løveskogen Idrettspark. They operate also Tjøllinghallen, which is located in the same area. The club also has artificial turf pitches, a grass pitch, two peach pitches, and a clubhouse. The club has 27 association football teams, where nine of those are women's teams, and 18 are men's teams. They also have 18 children's teams, six youth teams, three adult teams, and 23 coaches. The sports association has other activities as well, like "allis" for kids between 2–7 years old, and activities for former members. There's also Tjøllingmila and Vestfold Maraton, which they arrange. Antarctic Sound The Antarctic Sound

1435-441: Was governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor was indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Tjølling was made up of representatives that were elected to four year terms. The tables below show the historical composition of the council by political party . The mayors ( Norwegian : ordfører ) of Tjølling: Tjølling includes

1476-403: Was granted on 7 May 1971. The official blazon is " Azure , two longships argent in pale " ( Norwegian : På blå bunn to sølv langskip ). This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is a set of two longships , one above the other. The pair of longships has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver

1517-650: Was particularly light in 1893, allowing the Jason to sail to 68° 10' south, further south than had previously been achieved, and indeed no other traveller would penetrate so far south along the Larsen ice shelf for nearly a century. Larsen added significantly to understanding of the geography of the area, discovering the Larsen Ice Shelf and the Jason Peninsula , two of 12 features named in Larsen’s honour, as well as

1558-414: Was the first to return fossils from the region; the site has continued to yield significant paleontological results. After reading of Larsen’s journey, Otto Nordenskjöld contracted him to convey a scientific expedition to the area. Larsen thus captained the ship Antarctic , transporting the Swedish Antarctic Expedition south between 1901 and 1904. The sea ice was heavier than in 1893, and – although

1599-474: Was the first vessel to navigate it. Since 1998 cruise ships have been visiting the area. The Antarctic Sound is the stretch of water that separates Trinity Peninsula , the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, from the Joinville Island group which consists of D'Urville Island , Joinville Island , Dundee Island and the smaller Bransfield Island . The northern limit of the sound, where it joins

1640-404: Was the village of Tjøllingvollen . Other villages in Tjølling included Hem , Rekkevik , and Ula . The parish of Tjølling was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 January 1891, an area of Tjølling municipality (population: 11) was transferred to the neighboring Hedrum municipality. On 1 January 1988, the municipality was dissolved as part of

1681-511: Was thick in the Weddell Sea and Larsen, trapped several times, was eventually unable to free his ship. After several weeks, on 12 February 1903, the trapped ship was crushed and sank; the nineteen remaining crew (and the ship’s cat) took what they could and crossed the ice to the nearest land, Paulet Island , where they overwintered, surviving (like the team at Hope Bay) on penguins and seals they captured. Nordenskjöld and his team had explored

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