117-460: Carl Milton Bernstein ( / ˈ b ɜːr n s t iː n / BURN -steen ; born February 14, 1944) is an American investigative journalist and author . While a young reporter for The Washington Post in 1972, Bernstein was teamed up with Bob Woodward , and the two did much of the original news reporting on the Watergate scandal . These scandals led to numerous government investigations and
234-621: A Golden Globe nomination, and the narrator in Dr. Seuss Video Classics: Horton Hears a Who! (also 1992); in Hook , Hoffman's costume was so heavy that he had to wear an air-conditioned suit under it. Hoffman played the lead role in Outbreak (1995), alongside Rene Russo , Kevin Spacey , Morgan Freeman , Cuba Gooding Jr. and Donald Sutherland . In the film, Hoffman is a medical doctor, serving as
351-417: A TV movie of the same name , for which he won the 1985 Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor along with a Golden Globe . Hoffman first read the play at the age of 16, but today considers the story much like his own: "It was a blueprint of my family. I was the loser, the flunky, and my brother, a high-school varsity football player, was Biff." Author Marie Brenner notes that Hoffman "has been obsessed with
468-410: A classical pianist , having studied piano during much of his youth and in college. While at Santa Monica College, he also took an acting class, which he assumed would be easy, and "caught the acting bug". He recalls: "I just was not gifted in music. I did not have an ear." Now an aspiring actor, he spent the next 10 years doing odd jobs, being unemployed, and struggling to get any available acting roles,
585-551: A 1970 British Academy Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in the film, although the film received mixed reviews. He was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy Motion Picture The film was made soon after the success of Farrow's performance in Roman Polanski 's Rosemary's Baby (1968), and Hoffman's performance in The Graduate , which prompted their being hailed on
702-563: A Colonel in the U.S. Army Medical Corps., working at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), who uncovers a newly discovered Ebola -like virus which came to the U.S. from Africa in an infected monkey. Hoffman races to stop the virus's spread and find a vaccine before it becomes a worldwide pandemic with no cure. It was one of the films that was produced by his production banner, Punch Productions. The movie
819-542: A Foreign Terrorist Organization by the United States, reportedly receiving a payment for his speech. On CNN in 2024, Bernstein reported that President Biden had 15 to 20 incidents of cognitive decline in early 2024, increasing media calls for Biden to drop out before he did shortly after. Bernstein has been married three times, first to a fellow reporter at The Washington Post , Carol Honsa; then to writer and director Nora Ephron from 1976 to 1980; and since 2003 to
936-456: A Horse at Princeton 's McCarter Theatre and in 1965, in off-Broadway's Harry, Noon and Night with Joel Grey . On June 23, 1965, he played Mendy in a practice run of Philip Roth 's abandoned off-Broadway play The Nice Jewish Boy , directed by Gene Saks and co-starring Melinda Dillon. Grosbard and Hoffman reunited for a 1965 recording of Death of a Salesman starring Lee J. Cobb and Mildred Dunnock , with Hoffman playing Bernard. He
1053-402: A Jew?" I said, "No, but I won't play a Jew who cold-bloodedly kills another human being." ... And that's important to me, that I didn't shoot him in the end. Being a Jew is not losing your humanity and not losing your soul. Hoffman's next roles were also successful. He opted out of directing Straight Time (1978), but starred as a thief. His next film, Michael Apted 's Agatha (1979),
1170-542: A Major Donor for The Mirror Theater Ltd , alongside Paul Newman and Al Pacino , matching a grant from Laurance Rockefeller . The men were inspired to invest by their connection with Lee Strasberg , as Lee's then daughter-in-law Sabra Jones was the Founder and Producing Artistic Director of The Mirror. In 1983, Hoffman signed on to star in The Yellow Jersey , which was to be a bicycle-racing drama set during
1287-511: A Salesman and reprised the role a year later in a television film, earning a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Actor in a Limited Series or Movie . In 1989, he received a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play nomination for his role as Shylock in The Merchant of Venice . He has received three Drama Desk Awards , for his performances in Eh? (1967), Jimmy Shine (1969), and Death of
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#17327901587181404-601: A Salesman (1984), respectively. Dustin Lee Hoffman was born on August 8, 1937, in Los Angeles, California, the younger of two sons of Harry Hoffman (1908–1987) and Lillian (née Gold; 1909–1982). His father worked as a prop supervisor ( set decorator ) at Columbia Pictures before becoming a furniture salesman. Hoffman was named after stage and silent screen actor Dustin Farnum . He has an elder brother Ronald, who
1521-489: A button-down college graduate and track star was so convincing to Schlesinger, "he seemed unable to comprehend the fact that he was acting", notes Biskind. To help the director, whom he had never met, overcome that false impression, Hoffman met him in Times Square dressed as a homeless person, wearing a dirty raincoat, his hair slicked back and with an unshaven face. Schlesinger was sold, admitting, "I've only seen you in
1638-559: A chance to work with Gene Hackman in Gary Fleder 's Runaway Jury (also 2003), an adaptation of John Grisham 's bestselling novel. Hoffman played theater owner Charles Frohman in the J. M. Barrie historical fantasia Finding Neverland (2004), costarring Johnny Depp and Kate Winslet . In director David O. Russell 's I Heart Huckabees (also 2004), Hoffman appeared opposite Lily Tomlin as an existential detective team member. In 2001, his Punch Productions company went to
1755-685: A dedicated method actor . In 1960 Hoffman was cast in a role in an off-Broadway production and followed with a bit part in his Broadway debut in production, A Cook for Mr. General (1961). In 1962, he appeared in Rabbit Run Theatre's summer stock production of Write Me a Murder in Madison, Ohio and served as an assistant director to Ulu Grosbard on The Days and Nights of Beebee Fenstermaker at off-Broadway's Sheridan Square Playhouse . In 1964, Hoffman appeared in Three Men on
1872-505: A director at the height of his powers who would take a chance and cast someone like me in that part. It took tremendous courage." Critic Sam Kashner observed strong similarities between Hoffman's character and that of Nichols when he previously acted with Elaine May in the comedy team of Nichols and May . "Just close your eyes and you'll hear a Mike Nichols—Elaine May routine in any number of scenes." Buck Henry also noticed that "Dustin picked up all these Nichols habits, which he used in
1989-772: A first look deal with The Walt Disney Studios. Seven years after his nomination for Wag the Dog , Hoffman got another opportunity to perform again with Robert De Niro , co-starring with Streisand and Ben Stiller in the 2004 comedy Meet the Fockers , a sequel to Meet the Parents (2000). Hoffman won the 2005 MTV Movie Award for Best Comedic Performance. In 2005, he voiced a horse in Racing Stripes , and appeared in cameo roles in Andy García 's The Lost City and on
2106-799: A kind and he's not one character. There is no Dustin Hoffman. He is many, many people. ... He can do comedy and he can do drama. He has an enormous range, and yet he's still Dustin somewhere in there. He's intelligent and has a great sense of how to connect with people, because he's very interesting. On a day-to-day basis, he's like an actor who's making his first movie, with the enthusiasm and energy to want to make things happen and try things and experiment. After Rain Man , Hoffman appeared with Sean Connery and Matthew Broderick in Family Business (1989), directed by Sidney Lumet . The story centers on
2223-488: A life being first-rate at that which you are not passionate about. I thought that was worth making a movie about. These guys want to be Simon & Garfunkel , but they have no talent at all. They're middle-aged guys, and at the end of the movie they wind up singing " That's Amore " at a Holiday Inn in Morocco. It's fair. It's fair to make a movie about that. —Hoffman on working on Ishtar Hoffman's worst film failure
2340-527: A life of poverty", The Graduate was a gigantic box office hit for Embassy Pictures , making Hoffman a major new star at the same time. The film received near-unanimous good reviews. Time magazine called Hoffman "a symbol of youth" who represented "a new breed of actors". The film's screenwriter, Buck Henry , notes that Hoffman's character made conventional good looks no longer necessary on screen, "A whole generation changed its idea of what guys should look like. ... I think Dustin's physical being brought
2457-548: A lifestyle he was later to portray in the comedy film Tootsie . Hoffman composed a song called "Shooting the Breeze", alongside Bette Midler who wrote the words. Hoffman's first acting role was at the Pasadena Playhouse, alongside future Academy Award–winner Gene Hackman . After two years there, Hackman headed for New York City, with Hoffman soon following. Hoffman, Hackman, and Robert Duvall lived together in
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#17327901587182574-487: A major accomplishment: Midnight Cowboy makes us a gift of one of the landmark performances of movie history: Dustin Hoffman's Ratso Rizzo, with Jon Voight's Joe Buck a close second. From a cesspool of dark, foul, even taboo material, ... it rescues a true humanism that need not hide its name. Also in 1969, Hoffman co-starred with Mia Farrow in the Peter Yates 's romantic drama film John and Mary . He received
2691-402: A movie star. I wasn't going to sell out. We wanted to be really good actors. I told them, "I'm going out to make this movie. Don't worry, I'm coming right back." Hoffman was paid $ 20,000 for his role in The Graduate , but netted just $ 4,000 after taxes and living expenses. After spending that money, Hoffman filed for New York State unemployment benefits , receiving $ 55 per week while living in
2808-567: A papal biography entitled His Holiness . Bernstein wrote in the 1996 book that the Pope's role in supporting Solidarity in his native Poland, and his geopolitical dexterity combined with enormous spiritual influence, was a principal factor in the downfall of communism in Europe. In 1992, Bernstein wrote a cover story for The New Republic magazine indicting modern journalism for its sensationalism and celebration of gossip over real news. The article
2925-680: A person who critic David Denby described as "a strangely shuttered genius". Hoffman created certain character traits for Raymond. Denby noted: "Hoffman, looking suddenly older and smaller, has developed a small shuffling walk for Raymond, with shoulder bent. His eyes don't make contact with anyone else's, and he flattens his voice to a dry nasal bark." Rain Man won four Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actor for Hoffman, and Best Director for Barry Levinson. Having worked closely with Hoffman for two years on filming, Levinson offered some opinions about his skill as an actor: You can't define Dustin Hoffman, because he's unique. He's one of
3042-501: A prominent role as Shifu in the film Kung Fu Panda , which was praised in part for his comedic chemistry with Jack Black (whom he tutored in acting for an important scene) and his character's poignantly complex relationship with the story's villain. He later won the Annie Award for Voice Acting in an Animated Feature for his performance and has continued into the role in the franchise's subsequent filmed productions outside of
3159-594: A psychiatrist, and played the title character in the British family film Mr. Magorium's Wonder Emporium for which he was nominated for a BIFA for Best Performance by an Actor in a British Independent Film at the British Independent Film Awards 2007 . In 2008, although he was reluctant to perform in an animated feature film (despite previously performing voices in a version of The Point! and in an episode of The Simpsons ), Hoffman had
3276-422: A role on a soap opera . His co-star was Jessica Lange . Tootsie earned ten Academy Award nominations, including Hoffman's fifth nomination. Under direction by Sydney Pollack , Hoffman's role demanded "a steady bombardment of opposites—edgy then funny, romantic then realistic, soft then quivering." To film critic David Denby , Hoffman's character "embodies vulnerability and drive in perfect proportion. He has
3393-530: A sort of social and visual change, in the same way people first thought of Bogart . They called him ugly". Hoffman's success amazed friends from his early years as an actor, who told him "You were the last one I expected to make it". Biographer Jeff Lenburg wrote that "newspapers across the country were deluged with thousands of letters from fans", with one example published in The New York Times : "I identified with Ben. ... I thought of him as
3510-479: A spiritual brother. He was confused about his future and about his place in the world, as I am. It's a film one digs, rather than understands intellectually". Turner Classic Movies critic Rob Nixon notes that Hoffman represented "a new generation of actors". He credits Hoffman with breaking "the mold of the traditional movie star and brought to their roles a new candor, ethnicity, and eagerness to dive deep into complex, even unlikable characters." Nixon expands on
3627-488: A traditional Republican household, Woodward was very well-educated and has been described as gentle. After graduating from Yale University, he joined The Washington Post ; nine months later, he was assigned the Watergate break-in story. On the other hand, Bernstein was born to a Communist Jewish family. He was rebellious, which led to him failing out of college. He was ten months further along in his career than Woodward when
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3744-555: A two-room apartment in the West Village of Manhattan. He was then offered the lead in Midnight Cowboy (1969), which he accepted partly to prove many critics were wrong about his acting range and the variety of characters he could portray. Peter Biskind wrote, "it was the very contrast between his preppy character in The Graduate , and Ratso Rizzo" that appealed to Hoffman. 'I had become troubled,' recalls Hoffman, 'by
3861-501: Is a black comedy film produced and directed by Barry Levinson , who also directed Hoffman in Rain Man in 1988. The story takes place a few days before a presidential election, where a Washington, D.C. spin doctor (De Niro) distracts the electorate from a sex scandal by hiring a Hollywood film producer (Hoffman) to construct a fake war with Albania. Hoffman, as a caricature of real life producer Robert Evans , according to some, "gives
3978-495: Is a form of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a single topic of interest, such as serious crimes, racial injustice , political corruption , or corporate wrongdoing. An investigative journalist may spend months or years researching and preparing a report. Practitioners sometimes use the terms "watchdog reporting" or "accountability reporting". Most investigative journalism has traditionally been conducted by newspapers, wire services , and freelance journalists. With
4095-554: Is a lawyer and economist. Hoffman is Jewish , from an Ashkenazi Jewish family of immigrants from Kyiv , Ukraine (then a part of the Russian Empire), and Iași , Romania. The family's surname was spelled Гойхман ( Goikhman ) in the Russian Empire . His upbringing was nonreligious , and he has said, "I don't have any memory of celebrating holidays growing up that were Jewish", and that he had "realized" he
4212-465: Is a man or woman whose profession is to discover the truth and to identify lapses from it in whatever media may be available. The act of doing this generally is called investigative journalism and is distinct from apparently similar work done by police, lawyers, auditors, and regulatory bodies in that it is not limited as to target, not legally founded and closely connected to publicity." Early newspapers in British colonial America were often suppressed by
4329-592: Is a regular political commentator on CNN . Bernstein was born to a secular Jewish family in Washington, D.C., the son of Sylvia (née Walker) and Alfred Bernstein . Both his parents were civil-rights activists and members of the Communist Party USA in the 1940s. He attended Montgomery Blair High School in Silver Spring, Maryland , where he worked as circulation and exchange manager for
4446-451: Is an American actor. As one of the key actors in the formation of New Hollywood , Hoffman is known for his versatile portrayals of antiheroes and emotionally vulnerable characters. His accolades include two Academy Awards , four BAFTA Awards , five Golden Globe Awards , and two Primetime Emmy Awards . Hoffman has received numerous honors, including the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1997,
4563-435: Is described by critic Roger Ebert as "one of the great scare stories of our time, the notion that deep in the uncharted rain forests, deadly diseases are lurking, and if they ever escape their jungle homes and enter the human bloodstream, there will be a new plague the likes of which we have never seen." Critic David Denby credits Hoffman with giving the movie much of its thriller-like quality: Tanks and men pour in to herd
4680-725: Is the Washington-based International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) launched in 1997 by the Center for Public Integrity which includes 165 investigative reporters in over 65 countries working collaboratively on crime, corruption, and abuse of power at a global level, under Gerard Ryle as Director. Working with major media outlets globally, they have exposed organised crime, international tobacco companies, private military cartels, asbestos companies, climate change lobbyists, details of Iraq and Afghanistan war contracts, and most recently
4797-665: Is the author or co-author of six books: All the President's Men (1974) and The Final Days (1976), both with Bob Woodward; Loyalties: A Son's Memoir (1989); His Holiness: John Paul II and the History of Our Time (1996) with Marco Politi; A Woman in Charge: The Life of Hillary Rodham Clinton (2007); and Chasing History: A Kid in the Newsroom (2022), a memoir of his early years in journalism. Additionally, he
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4914-658: The AFI Life Achievement Award and recalls the emotional impact that receiving the award had on him, "There was this reel of pictures, me playing all these different roles. I had my first—and only, thank God—panic attack. What followed was depression. ... It had to do with a central core in me, which was that I never felt I deserved success". Hoffman next appeared in Moonlight Mile (2002), followed by Confidence (2003) opposite Edward Burns , Andy García and Rachel Weisz . Hoffman finally had
5031-831: The AFI Life Achievement Award in 1999, and the Kennedy Center Honors Award in 2012. Actor Robert De Niro has described him as "an actor with the everyman's face who embodied the heartbreakingly human". Hoffman studied at the Los Angeles Conservatory of Music before he decided to go into acting, for which he trained at the Pasadena Playhouse . He received two Academy Awards for Best Actor , for Kramer vs. Kramer (1979) and Rain Man (1988). His other Oscar-nominated roles are for The Graduate (1967), Midnight Cowboy (1969), Lenny (1974), Tootsie (1982), and Wag
5148-537: The House Judiciary Committee , Nixon resigned to avoid facing impeachment. In 1974, two years after the Watergate burglary and two months before Nixon resigned, Bernstein and Woodward released the book All the President's Men . The book drew upon the notes and research accumulated while writing articles about the scandal for the Post and "remained on best-seller lists for six months". In 1975, it
5265-704: The Panama Papers and Paradise Papers . The investigative Commons center opened in Berlin , Germany in 2021 and houses the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights , Forensic Architecture , and Bellingcat . An investigative reporter may make use of one or more of these tools, among others, on a single story: Organizations, Publications and People Dustin Hoffman Dustin Lee Hoffman (born August 8, 1937)
5382-540: The Tour de France . Hoffman was passionate about the project, considering several directors, firstly Michael Cimino whom he later fired due to the director's uncompromising way of working. The film's producers, however, failed to find a suitable replacement, so the film was not made. In 1984, Hoffman starred as Willy Loman in the Broadway revival of Arthur Miller 's play Death of a Salesman . He reprised his role in
5499-666: The "miss" category and implied that its total sales were somewhere in the range of perhaps 55,000–65,000 copies. Bernstein is a frequent guest and analyst on television news programs, and in 2011 wrote articles for Newsweek / The Daily Beast , comparing Rupert Murdoch 's News of the World phone-hacking scandal to Watergate. In 2012, Carl Bernstein spoke at a rally of the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran , an opposition Iranian organization that had previously been listed as
5616-528: The 1960s, whilst all three of them focused on finding acting jobs. Hackman remembers, "The idea that any of us would do well in films simply didn't occur to us. We just wanted to work". Hoffman's appearance—Duvall described him as Barbra Streisand in drag—and small size made him uncastable, Vanity Fair later wrote. During this period, Hoffman got occasional television bit parts, including commercials but, needing income, he briefly left acting in order to teach. Hoffman then studied at Actors Studio and became
5733-558: The 1966 off-Broadway play Eh? , for which he received a Drama Desk Award . He made his film debut in The Tiger Makes Out in 1967, alongside Eli Wallach . In 1967, immediately after wrapping up principal filming on The Tiger Makes Out , Hoffman flew from New York City to Fargo, North Dakota , where he directed productions of William Gibson 's Two for the Seesaw and William Saroyan 's The Time of Your Life for
5850-502: The Dog (1997). Other notable roles include in Little Big Man (1970), Papillon (1973), Marathon Man (1976), All the President's Men (1976), Ishtar (1987), Dick Tracy (1990), and Hook (1991). In the 21st century, Hoffman has appeared in films such as Francis Ford Coppola 's Megalopolis , Finding Neverland (2004), I Heart Huckabees (2004), and Stranger than Fiction (2006), as well as Meet
5967-596: The Fargo-Moorhead Community Theatre. The $ 1,000 he received for the eight-week contract was all he had to hold him over until the funds from the movie materialized. Director Mike Nichols auditioned Hoffman in 1966 for a lead role in the Broadway musical The Apple Tree but rejected him because he could not sing well enough, and gave Alan Alda the part. However, Nichols was so impressed with Hoffman's overall audition that he cast him as
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#17327901587186084-490: The Fockers (2004) and the sequel Little Fockers (2010) and The Meyerowitz Stories (2017). Hoffman has done voice work for The Tale of Despereaux (2008) and the Kung Fu Panda film series (2008–2024). In 2012, he made his directorial debut with Quartet . Hoffman made his Broadway debut in the 1961 play A Cook for Mr. General . He subsequently starred as Willy Loman in the 1984 revival of Death of
6201-463: The President's Men (1976) was made less than two years after the Watergate scandal , and starred Hoffman and Robert Redford as the real-life journalists, Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward , respectively. Based on actual events, Hoffman and Redford play Washington Post reporters who uncover a break-in at the Watergate Hotel and end up investigating a political scandal that reaches all
6318-486: The Republicans. In the series of stories that followed, Bernstein and Woodward eventually connected the burglars to a massive slush fund and a corrupt attorney general . Bernstein was the first to suspect that President Nixon was involved, and he found a laundered check that linked Nixon to the burglary. Bernstein and Woodward's discoveries led to further investigations of Nixon, and on August 9, 1974, amid hearings by
6435-407: The U.S. since the 1980s has been accompanied by massive cuts in the budgets for investigative journalism. A 2002 study concluded "that investigative journalism has all but disappeared from the nation's commercial airwaves." Non-commercial journalism has increasingly stepped-up to work on this growing need for in-depth investigations and reporting. One of the largest teams of investigative journalists
6552-640: The Watergate reporting. He joined broadcast news in a high growth period. He worked at ABC, CNN, and CBS as a political commentator, and was a spokesman in various television commercials. He began investigating the secret cooperation between the CIA and American media during the Cold War . He spent a year in his research, which was published as a 25,000-word article in Rolling Stone magazine. He then began working for ABC News . Between 1980 and 1984, Bernstein
6669-759: The authorities for their investigative journalism. Examples include Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick and Benjamin Franklin's New England Courant . Journalists who reported on the doings of the British authorities would later contribute to revolutionary sentiment in the run-up to the American Revolution ; one prominent example was the Boston Gazette , contributed to by Samuel Adams among others. American journalism textbooks point out that muckraking standards promoted by McClure's Magazine around 1902, "Have become integral to
6786-536: The book Loyalties: A Son's Memoir , in which he revealed that his parents had been members of the Communist Party of America . The assertion shocked some because even J. Edgar Hoover had tried and been unable to prove that Bernstein's parents had been party members. In 1992, for Time , Bernstein wrote a cover story publicizing the alliance between Pope John Paul II and President Ronald Reagan . Later, along with Vatican expert Marco Politi , he published
6903-476: The cause of establishment oppression, while in All the President's Men , he plays a reporter exposing presidential malfeasance." Vincent Canby of The New York Times described the film as "a spellbinding detective story". "The strength of the movie", he added, was "the virtually day-to-day record of the way Bernstein and Woodward conducted their investigations." The characters portrayed by Hoffman and Redford shared
7020-489: The character of modern investigative journalism." Furthermore, the successes of the early muckrakers continued to inspire journalists. The outlook for investigative journalism in the United States was improved by the 1960s with the Freedom of Information Act and New York Times Co. v. Sullivan . The invention of the photocopier also offered an assistive tool to whistleblowers . The growth of media conglomerates in
7137-487: The character, to fire point-blank at the Laurence Olivier character, Dr. Szell, and kill him in that last scene. And I said that I couldn't do it. Goldman was quite upset about it, because first of all, how dare I? He wrote the book. "Your job isn't to rewrite — your job is to play it as written." ... it got nasty. I said, "Go hire someone else." I remember Goldman saying: "Why can't you do this? Are you such
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#17327901587187254-501: The character. Those little noises he makes are straight from Mike", he says. After completing The Graduate Hoffman turned down most of the film roles offered to him, preferring to go back to New York and continue performing in live theater. He returned to Broadway to appear in the title role of the musical Jimmy Shine . Hoffman won a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Performance."I was a theater person. That's how my friends were, too, Gene Hackman and Bobby Duvall. I wasn't going to be
7371-657: The context of The Graduate , but you'll do quite well." Midnight Cowboy premiered in theaters across the United States in May 1969. For his acting, Hoffman received his second Oscar nomination and the film won Best Picture . In 1994 the film was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . Biskind considers Hoffman's acting
7488-516: The couple's young son. Hoffman won his first Academy Award , and the film also received the Best Picture honor, plus the awards for Best Supporting Actress (Streep), Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay. The film required Hoffman to change his attitude, from being a "desensitized advertising art director" into becoming a "responsive and concerned daddy" after his wife (Streep) walks out on him and their six-year-old son, Billy. Hoffman, during
7605-456: The cover of the February 27, 1969, Time magazine as stars of their generation. This was followed by his role in Little Big Man (1970), where Jack Crabb, his character, ages from teenager to a 121-year-old man. The film was widely praised by critics, but was overlooked for an award except for a supporting nomination for Chief Dan George . Hoffman continued to appear in major films over
7722-416: The decline in income through advertising, many traditional news services have struggled to fund investigative journalism, due to it being very time-consuming and expensive. Journalistic investigations are increasingly carried out by news organizations working together, even internationally (as in the case of the Panama Papers and Paradise Papers ), or by nonprofit outlets such as ProPublica , which rely on
7839-513: The drugs he injected, made him tick like a time bomb", she says. However, notes author Paul Gardner , "directing Lenny , his most ambitious project, exhausted Fosse emotionally and physically. It turned his life inside out", with shooting days often lasting 10 to 12 hours: "The Lenny Bruce project, based on Julian Barry's play, had gone through two studios and three scripts, and was a problem child, like Lenny himself. But Fosse wanted to do it, and he wanted Dustin Hoffman". Hoffman initially turned
7956-463: The estrangement between Vito (Hoffman), a middle-aged man trying to succeed in a legitimate business, and his "hopelessly corrupt but charming father", Jesse (Connery). Critics were mostly not impressed with the story, although the individual performances were praised, especially Connery's. Because of their different acting styles and nationalities, some industry writers thought Connery and Hoffman might not work well together as close family members. "To
8073-410: The eventual resignation of President Richard Nixon . The work of Woodward and Bernstein was called "maybe the single greatest reporting effort of all time" by long-time journalism figure Gene Roberts . Bernstein's career since Watergate has continued to focus on the theme of the use and abuse of power via books and magazine articles. He has also done reporting for television and opinion commentary. He
8190-561: The film's final cut and tried to defend it. Hoffman and Beatty were unaffected by the flop, and Ishtar became a cult film . Quentin Tarantino , for one, has called it one of his favorite movies, partly due to the humorous lyrics of the songs written by Paul Williams . Hoffman describes why he loves the film: Next came director Barry Levinson's Rain Man (1988), where Hoffman starred as an autistic savant , opposite Tom Cruise . Levinson, Hoffman and Cruise worked for two years on
8307-566: The film, and Hoffman's performance gained him his second Academy Award. Behind Hoffman's motivation for doing the film, he has said, "Deep inside, Rain Man is about how autistic we all are." In preparation for the part, Hoffman spent two years befriending autistic people, which included taking them bowling and to fast food restaurants. "It fed my obsession", he has stated. Hoffman worked at the New York Psychiatric Institute , affiliated with Columbia University , when he
8424-535: The final episode of HBO sitcom Curb Your Enthusiasm ' s fifth season. Hoffman appeared in Stranger than Fiction (2006), played the perfumer Giuseppe Baldini in Tom Tykwer 's film Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (also 2006). In 2007, he was featured in an advertising campaign for Australian telecommunications company Telstra 's Next G network, appeared in the 50 Cent video "Follow My Lead" as
8541-418: The former model Christine Kuehbeck. During his marriage to Ephron, Bernstein met Margaret Jay , daughter of British Prime Minister James Callaghan and wife of Peter Jay , then UK ambassador to the United States. They had a much-publicized extramarital relationship in 1979. Margaret later became a government minister in her own right. Bernstein and second wife Ephron already had an infant son, Jacob, and she
8658-549: The franchise's television series . He next voiced Roscuro in The Tale of Despereaux . As the title character in Last Chance Harvey , Hoffman acted with co-star Emma Thompson in the story of two lonely people who tentatively forge a relationship over the course of three days. Director Joel Hopkins notes that Hoffman was a perfectionist and self-critical: "He often wanted to try things stripped down, because less
8775-532: The hero, Babe Levy, a part-time long-distance runner and graduate student, who suddenly finds himself being pursued by a fugitive Nazi. To put himself in the mindset of someone under severe emotional distress, Hoffman did not sleep for days at a time and let his body become disheveled and unhealthy. Olivier was alarmed when Hoffman turned up on set for the dental torture scene. Hoffman explained what he had done, and Olivier replied: "Dear boy! Next time try acting. It's much easier." Goldman describes his inspiration for
8892-568: The juice of his creativity so carefully strained, that the claim to genius is justified. And for that Dustin Hoffman deserves full credit, vanishing into the Bruce persona to simply stunning effectiveness,… Hoffman captures the restlessness, the velocity of a man's mouth straining to keep pace with a jet-propelled intelligence… Lenny was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Adapted Screenplay , and Best Cinematography . All
9009-433: The kind of wonderfully funny performance that is liable to win prizes, especially since its mixture of affection and murderous parody is so precise. Stanley (Hoffman) conducts business meetings in tennis clothes or in robe and slippers", notes critic Janet Maslin . He next appeared in another Barry Levinson film, the science fiction psychological thriller, Sphere (1998), opposite Sharon Stone . In 1999, Hoffman received
9126-411: The knack of making everything he does seem perilous, and so audiences feel protective of him and root for him." Hoffman's acting was made more difficult than necessary, however, as he was not given the rehearsal time Pollack promised, "I like to be very prepared, and I feel that the success or failure of a film is many times determined before you start principal photography. I wanted rehearsal very much. I
9243-543: The making of the movie, was also going through his own divorce after a ten-year first marriage. Hoffman has said, "Giving myself permission not only to be present but to be a father was a kind of epiphany for me at that time, that I could get to through my work. ... I got closer to being a father by playing a father. That's very painful to say." The role also reminded him of his own love of children in general saying, "Children are more interesting than anything. I walk my younger child to school every day and I don't like leaving
9360-604: The male lead in the movie The Graduate (1967). This role was that of Benjamin Braddock, a recent college graduate who has an affair with Mrs. Robinson, the wife of his father's law partner. It was Hoffman's first major role; he received an Academy Award nomination for it, but lost to Rod Steiger for In the Heat of the Night . Although Life magazine joked that "if Dustin Hoffman's face were his fortune, he'd be committed to
9477-591: The mid-1990s, Hoffman starred in—and was deeply involved in the production of— David Mamet 's American Buffalo (also 1996), and an early effort of film editor Kate Sanford. In 1997, Hoffman starred opposite John Travolta in the Costa Gavras film Mad City . Hoffman gained his seventh Academy Award nomination for his performance in Wag The Dog (1997), in a role that allowed Hoffman the chance to work with both Robert De Niro and Denis Leary . The movie
9594-459: The next few years. Who Is Harry Kellerman and Why Is He Saying Those Terrible Things About Me? (1971), Straw Dogs (also 1971), and Papillon (1973). He returned to Broadway in 1974, directing All Over Town . Hoffman next starred in Lenny (1974), for which he was again nominated for Best Actor. Lenny was based on the life of stand-up comedian Lenny Bruce , who died at the age of 40, and
9711-459: The novel: "What if someone close to you was something totally different from what you thought? In the story, Hoffman thinks his brother (Roy Scheider) is a businessman where the reality is that the man is a spy, who has been involved with the Nazi, Szell." However, Hoffman remembers a serious disagreement he had with Goldman, who also wrote the screenplay, about how the story ends: I was called on, as
9828-512: The overall plot cleverly mirrored one of Christie's detective novels. Agatha was generally very well received by critics, especially in the UK, and maintains an 82% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Hoffman next starred in Kramer vs. Kramer (1979) co-starring Meryl Streep and directed by Robert Benton . The film tells the story of a married couple's divorce and its impact on everyone involved, including
9945-538: The paper's best writing stylists. On a Saturday in June 1972, Bernstein was assigned, along with Bob Woodward , to cover a break-in at the Watergate office complex that had occurred earlier the same morning. Five burglars had been caught red-handed in the complex, where the Democratic National Committee had its headquarters; four of them turned out to be ex-CIA agents who did security work for
10062-500: The part down, saying: "I didn't think the script was strong enough and I wasn't sure I was the one to play the role." While considering the part, he read Lenny Bruce's autobiography and looked at films with Bruce performing stand-up to live audiences. In the same interview with Playboy he recounted: "I began to feel an affinity with him, a realization that there was a lot of Lenny Bruce in me. My wife felt it too ... I realized that I'd have to make use of my own spontaneity because he
10179-624: The play Eh? , by Henry Livings , which had its U.S. premiere at the Circle in the Square Theatre on October 16, 1966. Sidney W. Pink , a producer and 3D-movie pioneer, discovered Hoffman in one of his off-Broadway roles and cast him in Madigan's Millions . Through the early and mid-1960s, Hoffman made appearances in television shows and movies, including Naked City , The Defenders and Hallmark Hall of Fame . Hoffman starred in
10296-595: The play" throughout his career: "For years he has wanted to be Willy Loman; when he discovered that Arthur Miller was his neighbor in Connecticut, they began to talk about it in earnest." For Hoffman, the story also left a deep emotional impact from the time he first read it, "I read that play, and I was just destroyed by it. It was like finding out something terrible about my family. I just shook. I felt like my family's privacy had been invaded. I couldn't even talk about it for weeks". Hoffman rehearsed for three weeks with
10413-419: The play's original star, Lee J. Cobb , and remembers seeing his stage performance: "I'll never forget that period in my life. It was so vivid, so intense, watching Lee J. Cobb and his sixteen-inch guns as Willy. God, how I think about what I saw on that stage!" Brenner adds that Hoffman "has been training like a boxer for the role that so exhausted Cobb he had to be replaced after four months." The original play
10530-582: The rank of No. 27 Hero on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains list, while Entertainment Weekly ranked All the President's Men as one of the 25 "Powerful Political Thrillers". Hoffman next starred in Marathon Man (1976), a film based on William Goldman 's novel of the same name , opposite Laurence Olivier and Roy Scheider . Its director, John Schlesinger also directed Hoffman in Midnight Cowboy in 1969. Described as "Schlesinger's thriller", by author Gene D. Phillips , Hoffman plays
10647-459: The reviews that I read of The Graduate , that I was not a character actor , which I like to think of myself as. It hurt me. Some of the stuff in the press was brutal.'" Critics assumed that director Mike Nichols got lucky by finding a typical actor with average acting ability to play the part of Benjamin Braddock. John Schlesinger , who would direct Midnight Cowboy and was seeking lead actors, held that same impression. Hoffman's performance as
10764-441: The scandal broke out. They were also different in work styles. Woodward's strength was in investigation, so he focused on investigating the Watergate scandal. He met his Deep Throat source secretly to get as much information as possible. His writing was serious and matter-of-fact. However, Bernstein was the first of the pair to think that the Watergate case could be related to President Richard Nixon. Compared to Woodward, Bernstein
10881-465: The school's newspaper Silver Chips . He began his journalism career at the age of 16 when he became a copyboy for The Washington Star and moved "quickly through the ranks". The Star , however, unofficially required a college degree to write for the paper. At the University of Maryland, College Park , he was a reporter for the school's independent daily, The Diamondback . However, Bernstein
10998-502: The school. I would like to sit down on those little chairs, at those little tables, and play. And a child's love is like a drug. To have a child throw his arms about you—it's instant stoned. People talk about the rush heroin gives you: I would say children give you that rush". Benton's directing has been praised by Hoffman, who credits him for inspiring the emotional level supporting many scenes: "Perfect directors make you emotional. On Kramer vs. Kramer , Robert Benton made me emotional. He
11115-415: The significance of the film to Hoffman's career: "In The Graduate , he created a lasting resonance as Ben Braddock that made him an overnight sensation and set him on the road to becoming one of our biggest stars and most respected actors. " Hoffman, however, mostly credits director Mike Nichols for taking a great risk in giving him, a relative unknown, the starring role: "I don't know of another instance of
11232-643: The support of the public and benefactors to fund their work. University of Missouri journalism professor Steve Weinberg defined investigative journalism as: "Reporting, through one's own initiative and work product, matters of importance to readers, viewers, or listeners." In many cases, the subjects of the reporting wish the matters under scrutiny to remain undisclosed. There are currently university departments for teaching investigative journalism. Conferences are conducted presenting peer-reviewed research into investigative journalism. British media theorist Hugo de Burgh (2000) states that: "An investigative journalist
11349-619: The surprise of many", note Connery biographers Lee Pfeiffer and Lisa Philip, "the two superstars developed an immediate rapport and chemistry that translates onto the screen." And Lumet remembered: "Sean is extremely disciplined and Dustin is very improvisational, all over the place with his lines. I didn't know where it would end up, but Sean met Dustin improvisation for improvisation, and a great deal of richness and humor came out of it." In 1991, Hoffman voiced substitute teacher Mr. Bergstrom in The Simpsons episode " Lisa's Substitute ". He
11466-491: The terrified population here and there, and Dustin Hoffman, as the supersleuth Army doctor, gives such a lip-biting, anguished performance he absolves the movie of slickness. Hoffman isn't good, exactly; he's tense, edgy, and righteous, like a B-movie actor from the fifties. Following that, he appeared in the 1996 revenge drama/legal thriller Sleepers (1996) with Robert De Niro, Brad Pitt , Jason Patric , and Kevin Bacon . In
11583-453: The way to the presidency. The film, as earlier ones, had Hoffman take on a dramatically different character than his previous one (as Lenny Bruce), although both men, Bruce and Bernstein, set their faces against abuses of institutional power, and the tendency for society to ignore such abuses. Author James Morrison compares the two roles: "As Lenny Bruce in Lenny (1974), Hoffman plays a martyr to
11700-415: Was 21. "It was a great experience for me", he said. "All my life I had wanted to get inside a prison or a mental hospital. ... I wanted to get inside where behavior, human behavior, was so exposed. All the things the rest of us were feeling and stopping up were coming out of these people." He used that experience to help him develop the character of Raymond Babbitt, a high-functioning autistic savant, yet
11817-491: Was Elaine May's Ishtar (1987), co-starring Warren Beatty , who also produced it. Hoffman and Beatty play two down-and-out singer-songwriters who travel to Morocco for a nightclub gig and get caught up in foreign intrigue. Much of the movie was filmed in Africa . The film faced severe production problems, mostly related to its $ 55 million cost, and received overwhelmingly negative reviews. However, Hoffman and Beatty liked
11934-579: Was Jewish at around the age of 10. Hoffman graduated from Los Angeles High School in 1955 and enrolled at Santa Monica College with the intention of studying medicine. But he decided to become an actor, and left in the following year to join the Pasadena Playhouse, although when he told his family about his career goal, his Aunt Pearl warned him, "You can't be an actor. You are not good-looking enough." He also studied with Lee Strasberg and has stated that he did not study with either Sanford Meisner or Stella Adler . Hoffman initially hoped to become
12051-453: Was a strong writer, and therefore wrote articles based on Woodward's information from Deep Throat. Due to their different styles, other journalists described them as a perfect team. Alicia Shepard said, "Carl was the big thinker, and Woodward was the one that [made] sure it got done ... [T]hey knew that each of them had strengths that the other didn't, and they relied on one another." Investigative journalism Investigative journalism
12168-624: Was assistant director for Grosbard's 1965 off-Broadway production of A View from the Bridge starring Robert Duvall and Jon Voight, and in late 1965 stage-managed and appeared in Grosbard's The Subject Was Roses on Broadway. Hoffman's "sharply outlined and vividly colored" performance in off-Broadway's The Journey of the Fifth Horse in April 1966 was followed by another critical success in
12285-572: Was credited under the pseudonym Sam Etic, a play on "Semitic". Throughout the 1990s, Hoffman appeared in many large, studio films, such as Dick Tracy (1990) (where his Ishtar co-star Beatty plays the titular character), Hero (1992) and Billy Bathgate (1991) co-starring with Nicole Kidman (who was nominated for a Golden Globe ). Hoffman also played the title role of Captain Hook in Steven Spielberg 's Hook (also 1991), earning
12402-407: Was directed by Elia Kazan , who Hoffman considers "the perfect director, the best there ever was. ... God, I would have done anything to have worked with Kazan." The thing I love about Ishtar – and I love it with all of its flaws – is that it has a statement to make. And that is: It is far, far better to spend a life being second rate in something that you're passionate about, than to spend
12519-668: Was dismissed from the university after the fall 1964 semester for bad grades. In 1965, Bernstein left the Star to become a full-time reporter for the Elizabeth Daily Journal in New Jersey. While there, he won first prize in New Jersey's press association for investigative reporting, feature writing, and news on a deadline. In 1966, Bernstein left New Jersey and began reporting for The Washington Post , where he covered every aspect of local news and became known as one of
12636-464: Was entitled "The Idiot Culture". Bernstein's biography of Hillary Rodham Clinton , A Woman In Charge: The Life of Hillary Rodham Clinton , was published by Alfred A. Knopf on June 5, 2007. Knopf had a first printing of 275,000 copies. It appeared on The New York Times Best Seller list for three weeks. A CBS News end-of-year survey of publishing "hits and misses" included A Woman in Charge in
12753-425: Was known for his open, free-style and critical form of comedy which integrated politics, religion, sex, and vulgarity. Expectations were high that Hoffman would win an Oscar for his portrayal, especially after his similar role in Midnight Cowboy . Film critic Katharine Lowry speculates that director Bob Fosse "never gave him a chance" to go far enough into developing the character. "We never understand what, besides
12870-438: Was portrayed by Dustin Hoffman in the film version of All the President's Men and by Bruce McCulloch in the 1999 comedy film Dick . In Nora Ephron's Heartburn , a 1986 semi-autobiographical comedy/drama, Jack Nicholson played Mark Forman, a character based on Carl Bernstein. Although they worked together to report the Watergate scandal to the world, Bernstein and Woodward had very different personalities. Raised in
12987-453: Was pregnant with their second son, Max, in 1979 when she learned of her husband's affair with Jay. Ephron delivered Max prematurely after finding out. Ephron was inspired by the events to write the 1983 novel Heartburn , which was made into a 1986 film starring Meryl Streep and Jack Nicholson . While single, in the 1980s, Bernstein became known for dating Bianca Jagger , Martha Stewart , and Elizabeth Taylor , among others. Bernstein
13104-504: Was promised two weeks and was grieved that I didn't get it. We also followed the risky course of starting to shoot with a screenplay that wasn't completed". Fellow actor Gary Oldman reported that, during a telephone conversation with Hoffman, the latter recalled having made comments toward a "very powerful" industry figure who ensured that he was unable to find work in Hollywood for some time following Tootsie . In 1983, Hoffman became
13221-410: Was pulling so hard for me. When I didn't think I could do a scene again I'd say, "I can't give it to you, I haven't got it." Then he'd just get this look on his face and roll the camera and I'd say, "Okay, this is yours." That's what he made you want to do for him—to give him one." In Tootsie (1982), Hoffman portrays Michael Dorsey, a struggling actor who finds himself dressing up as a woman to land
13338-406: Was so spontaneous. And I admired his guts ... That intimacy is what an actor tries to get ... It occurred to me that if I had known him, I would have wanted us to be friends ... and he was a provocateur, and I love to provoke." Movie critic Judith Crist gave Hoffman credit for the ultimate success of the film: What is important is that Bruce's routines are so artfully reconstructed,
13455-580: Was the network's Washington Bureau Chief and then a senior correspondent. In 1982, for ABC's Nightline , Bernstein was the first to report during the Israeli invasion of Lebanon that Ariel Sharon had "deceived the cabinet about the real intention of the operation—to drive the Palestinians out of Lebanon, not (as he had claimed) to merely establish a 25-kilometer security zone north from the border". Two years after leaving ABC News, Bernstein released
13572-461: Was turned into a movie starring Dustin Hoffman as Bernstein and Robert Redford as Woodward which later went on to be nominated in multiple Oscar (including Best Picture nomination), Golden Globe and BAFTA categories. A second book, The Final Days , was published by Bernstein and Woodward in 1976 as a follow-up chronicling Nixon's last days in office. Bernstein left the Post in 1977 and expanded into other areas due to his reputation from
13689-497: Was with Vanessa Redgrave as Agatha Christie , focussing on the missing eleven days of the author's life. The part of Archie Christie was played by Timothy Dalton , then partner of Vanessa Redgrave , and later to star in James Bond movies. Dalton's depiction of cold indifference to his wife produced a perfect foil to Hoffman's portrayal of warm compassion, humor and sensitivity. The film had both romantic and comic moments whilst
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