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92-587: Carmel Winery manufactures mainly wine, brandy and grape juice . It is the prime producer of wine in Israel, as it produces nearly half of the Israeli wine market, and one of the largest wine producers in the Eastern Mediterranean . It is the first and oldest exporter of wine, brandy and grape juice in the country, and also the largest producer of kosher wine in the world. The company is owned by

184-502: A " fruit brandy " or "fruit spirit" or named using the specific fruit, such as "peach brandy", rather than just generically as "brandy". If pomace is the raw material, the beverage may be called " pomace brandy ", "marc brandy", "grape marc", "fruit marc spirit", or "grape marc spirit", "marc" being the pulp residue after the juice has been pressed from the fruit. Grape pomace brandy may be designated as " grappa " or "grappa brandy". Apple brandy may be referred to as "applejack" , although

276-469: A beach promenade. Heychal HaTarbut (Hall of Culture) is a venue for classical concerts , theatre performances and cultural events. It has a larger theatre for shows and two smaller ones for art workshops. The Israel Symphony Orchestra Rishon LeZion has participated in music festivals all over the world. It was awarded the ACUM Prize in 1991. The city also has beautiful architecture and museums like

368-558: A brandy factory in Tbilisi , Georgia, a crossroads for Turkish, Central Asian, and Persian trade routes and a part of the Russian Empire at the time. Except for a few major producers, brandy production and consumption tend to have a regional character, and thus production methods significantly vary. Wine brandy is produced from a variety of grape cultivars. A special selection of cultivars, providing distinct aroma and character,

460-405: A chemical instrument was invented that reduced them to a single distillation. A portion was ignited to test the purity of the rectified spirit of wine. The liquor was good if a fire consumed the entire contents without leaving any impurities behind. Another, better test involved putting a little gunpowder in the bottom of the spirit. The liquor was good if the gunpowder could ignite after the spirit

552-549: A combination of aging and colouring. Varieties of wine brandy can be found across the winemaking world. Among the most renowned are Cognac and Armagnac from south-western France . In a broader sense, the term brandy also denotes liquors obtained from the distillation of pomace (yielding pomace brandy ), or mash or wine of any other fruit ( fruit brandy ). These products are also called eau de vie (literally "water of life" in French ). The origins of brandy are tied to

644-578: A glass of Rishon LeZion wine. A year later, a world gardening exhibition was held in Hamburg where the settlers' wines were well received. Rishon LeZion wines won a gold medal at the Paris World's Fair in 1900. In 1906, both the vineyards and the management of the two wineries were deeded to the winegrowers, forming the "Societé Cooperative Vigneronne des Grandes Caves, Richon le Zion and Zikhron Jacob Ltd." Many of Israel's historical figures worked in

736-402: A long-time member of Ligat HaAl , the top division. The team plays at Bet Maccabi Arena, which seats 2,500. Maccabi The team was a rival to Israel's top club and European champion, Maccabi Tel Aviv in the 1990s. It was a surprise Ligat HaAl champion in the 2015–16 season. The Maccabi Rishon LeZion handball team is a long-time member of Ligat Ha'Al , the top division. Maccabi Rishon LeZion

828-418: A more intense flavour in some soups, notably onion soup. In English Christmas cooking, brandy is a common flavouring in traditional foods such as Christmas cake , brandy butter , and Christmas pudding . It is also commonly used in drinks such as mulled wine and eggnog , drunk during the festive season. Brandy is used to flambé dishes such as crêpe Suzette and cherries jubilee while serving. Brandy

920-595: A new winery built in 2003 and a pilot micro-winery for research and development. Yatir Winery is a small winery built in 2000 which receives grapes only from its own vineyards. It is situated in Tel Arad, an archaeological site with 3,000 years of history, in the northeastern Negev . The winery was a joint venture between Carmel (50%) and Gadash local wine growers (50%). Yatir Winery is now solely owned by Carmel Winery. Its vineyards are located in Yatir Forest in

1012-537: A newly shortened, modified version of Imber's poem, creating the modern Israeli National Anthem, the Hatikvah . In 1888, the medicine house, the baron's stables, and the baron's clerks house were built. In 1889 the building in which the Carmel-Mizrahi Winery is located was built. A telephone was added to the winery in 1891 and in 1898 electricity was installed. In 1890, a palm boulevard was planted in

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1104-562: A population of 103,000. In 2006, 222,300 people were living in the city. By 2020, the population is expected to reach 253,600. In 2007, the Rishon LeZion Municipality was awarded the Ministry of Interior Prize for Proper Management. In 2016, the Israeli government approved the expansion of Rishon LeZion onto sand dunes west of the city, upon which one of the largest commercial and residential construction projects in

1196-487: A population of 359. Five years later, the figure had risen to 380, and by 1900, to 526. In 1900, the management of the village was transferred from the baron's office to the village council and the Jewish Colonization Association . Israel's first Prime Minister , David Ben-Gurion , worked in the winery for two months in the summer of 1907. In 1910, the village bell was constructed next to

1288-443: A population of around 270,000 by 2030. Its population growth rate is about 5% per year. The majority of the city's residents are Jews . Rishon LeZion's main industries today are wine , construction , services and commerce . Factories and workshops are located in the old industrial zone, which has become a popular venue for pubs , dance clubs, and restaurants. Industry in the city is largely divided into two industrial centers:

1380-418: A young resident of Rishon with a musical background, observed the emotional response of the local Jewish farmers to Imber's poem. Using his musical skill, he put the poem to music. Cohen's musical composition was an adaptation of a Moldavian/Romanian folk song, "Carul cu Boi" ("The Cart with Oxen"). The catalyst of Cohen's musical adaptation facilitated the quick, enthusiastic spread of Imber's poem throughout all

1472-402: Is 260,453. Rishon LeZion is one of the fastest-growing cities in Israel, and is the third-youngest city in the country, after Jerusalem and Bnei Brak , with 31.1% of the population being children and teenagers, and 61.4% of all residents being aged 40 or under. In addition, the city has attracted significant immigration, including from English-speaking countries. The city is expected to have

1564-473: Is a member of Forum 15, which is an association of fiscally autonomous cities in Israel that do not depend on national balancing or development grants. The name Rishon LeZion is derived from a verse from the Tanakh : "First to Zion are they, and I shall give herald to Jerusalem" ( Hebrew : ראשון לציון הנה הינם, ולירושלים מבשר אתן ) ( Isaiah 41:27) and literally translates as "First to Zion ". Rishon LeZion

1656-513: Is listed on an additional plaque on the side of the pedestal. The scientific advisor of the project was Rishon Lezion resident, Prof. Israel Hanukoglu . Rishon LeZion is located on the Israeli Mediterranean Coastal Plain and the northern Shephelah . The city sees the majority of its annual 800 mm (31 in) of precipitation between October and March. Rishon LeZion can be divided into four main quarters:

1748-621: Is located to the south of the city center, in the middle of HaRishonim Interchange, at the intersection of the new Highway 431 and the Rishon LeZion – Ness Ziona road . There are direct trains from the HaRishonim Railway Station to Tel Aviv , Lod , Bnei Brak , Petah Tikva , Rosh HaAyin , Hod HaSharon and Kfar Saba . All stations of Israel Railways can be accessed using the transfer stations at Tel Aviv and Lod. The Rishon LeZion Moshe Dayan Railway Station

1840-726: Is part of the Gush Dan metropolitan area . Founded in 1882 by Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire who were part of the First Aliyah , it was the first Zionist settlement founded in Palestine by the New Yishuv and the second Jewish farm settlement established in Ottoman Syria in the 19th century, after Petah Tikva . As of 2017, it was the fourth-largest city in Israel, with a population of 260,453. The city

1932-436: Is the Israeli club to win the greatest handball national championships. The city also is home to the new 3,000-seat Athletics Municipal Stadium, which was built between 2001 and 2013, with the intention to host international athletics competitions. Rishon LeZion can be accessed by road from several major highways. Public transportation includes bus , train and share taxi . The Rishon LeZion HaRishonim Railway Station

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2024-487: Is the oldest and original industrial zone, once full of light industry and glass factories. Today, it is known for its prolific nightlife. West Rishon LeZion is the conglomeration of the new neighborhoods of the city, built in the 1980s and 90s. The west also has a higher land value because of its relative proximity to the Mediterranean Sea . It includes the entire city west of Tzahal Road . The quarter includes

2116-482: Is traditionally poured over a Christmas pudding and set alight before serving. The use of flambé can retain as much as 75% of the alcohol in the brandy. In the 19th century, brandy was often used as medical treatment due to its alleged "stimulating" qualities. It was also used by many European explorers of tropical Africa, who suggested that regular, moderate doses of brandy might help a traveller to cope with fever, depression, and stress. These views fell out of favour in

2208-457: Is used for high-quality brandies, while cheaper ones are made from whichever wine is available. Brandy is made from so-called base wine , which significantly differs from regular table wines. It is made from early grapes to achieve higher acid concentration and lower sugar levels. Base wine generally contains smaller amounts (up to 20 mg/L) of sulphur than regular wines, as it creates undesired copper(II) sulfate in reaction with copper in

2300-710: The 2012–13 Toto Cup Leumit . Other active football teams are Moadon Sport Shikun HaMizrah (playing in Liga Alef ), Hapoel Nahalat Yehuda (playing in Liga Bet ), and Moadon Sport Rishon LeZion (playing in Liga Gimel ). Other football clubs previously played in the city, such as Maccabi Rishon Lezion , which played at the top division during the 1940s and the two seasons after the Israeli Declaration of Independence , as well as smaller clubs which played in

2392-664: The Balfour Declaration . In 1919, the women of Rishon Lezion were given voting rights and in the same year, Nehama Pohatchevsky was elected chairman of the village council which marked the first time a woman was elected to the position. In 1924, the British Army contracted the Jaffa Electric Company for wired electric power to the military installations in Sarafand . The contract allowed

2484-475: The Mediterranean Sea . In 1913, Nahlat Yehuda, another Jewish settlement, was established north of Rishon Lezion. In 1915 Rishon Lezion and the surrounding area experienced a Locust attack. Ayun Kara was the scene of a bloody battle between Turkish and New Zealand troops on 14 November 1917. Local citizens carried the wounded to a medical facility in Rishon LeZion. A stone cenotaph was erected by

2576-575: The Rishon LeZion Chess Club , founded in 1939, is one of the leading clubs in Israel, in senior, women and youth leagues. Israeli grandmasters such as Boris Alterman play for Rishon. World champion Garry Kasparov was a former member. Hapoel Rishon LeZion is the major football club, currently playing in the second tier , although the club played in the past in the top division , even as recently as 2011–12 . The club also appeared in two cup finals, in 1946 and in 1996 and won

2668-720: The Shikunei HaMizrah neighborhood itself. The eastern projects stopped developing when they reached the fences of the Tzrifin military base. When and if Tzrifin is sold to private contractors as planned, this quarter is expected to expand significantly with new lucrative housing projects. Other smaller neighborhoods include Revivim, Kidmat Rishon, Ne'urim, Rambam, Neve Hadarim, HaShomer , Kfar Arye, Mishor HaNof and Kiryat Simha. The industrial zones in Rishon LeZion are called Mabat , an abbreviation for Miskhar, Bilui VeTa'asiya (Commerce, Pastime and Industry). The northern zone

2760-401: The pot stills . The yeast sediment produced during the fermentation may or may not be kept in the wine, depending on the brandy style. Brandy is distilled from the base wine in two phases. First, a large part of water and solids is removed from the base, obtaining so-called "low wine", a concentrated wine with 28–30% ABV. In the second stage, low wine is distilled into brandy. The liquid exits

2852-460: The African side of the trade were generally paid in brandy. By the late 17th century, the cheaper rum had replaced brandy as the exchange alcohol of choice in the triangle trade. Initially, wine was distilled as a preservation method and to make it easier for merchants to transport. It is also thought that wine was originally distilled to lessen the tax, which was assessed by volume. The intent

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2944-530: The Arab towns of Ramleh and Lydda remained unconnected). According to a census conducted in 1922 by the British Mandate authorities , Rishon LeZion had a population of 1,396 inhabitants, consisting of 1,373 Jews and 23 Muslims, increasing in 1931 census to 2,525 inhabitants, in 648 houses. Rishon LeZion was declared a city in 1950, by which time it had a population of around 18,000. By 1983 it had

3036-609: The Biluim who arrived in Rishon Lezion at this time. In 1883, Itzhak Leib Toporovski a blacksmith of the young village created the first iron plow in the land of Israel, and in 1885 the flag that would later become the flag of Israel was raised for the first time as part of the celebrations of the 3rd anniversary of the village. When Baron Edmond James de Rothschild took over, sending in his administrators and agricultural guide Shaul Helzner of Mikve Israel , major progress

3128-606: The Central District will be built on 1,000 dunams . Another industrial zone in the western part of the city is planned to be almost doubled in size. The 1922 Census conducted by the British Mandate authorities found 1,373 Jews living in Rishon LeZion and 23 Muslims. According to data from the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics as of December 2022, the number of residents in Rishon LeZion

3220-538: The Electric Company to extend the grid beyond the original geographical limits that had been projected by the concession it was given. The high-tension line that exceeded the limits of the original concession ran along some major towns and agricultural settlements, offering extended connections to the Jewish settlements of Rishon Le-Zion, Nes-Ziona and Rehovot (despite their proximity to the high-tension line,

3312-702: The English term "brandy", but outside the German-speaking countries , it is particularly used to designate brandy from Austria and Germany . Brandy has a traditional age grading system, although its use is unregulated outside of Cognac and Armagnac . These indicators can usually be found on the label near the brand name: In the case of Brandy de Jerez , the Consejo Regulador de la Denominacion Brandy de Jerez classifies it according to: Russian brandy (traditionally called "Cognac" within

3404-564: The Mediterranean Sea, Carmel owns extensive areas of vineyards. The main concentration of vineyards is in the valleys surrounding the winery towns of Zikhron Ya'akov and Binyamina . This is the largest region for Carmel which surrounds the Zikhron Ya'akov Winery. It was announced in early 2008 that a 150-acre (0.61 km) wine park would be created on the slopes between Zikhron Ya'akov and Binyamina in order to promote tourism in

3496-761: The Rishon LeZion Museum and the Yaakov Agam Museum. Landmarks in Rishon LeZion include the history museum; the Carmel Winery ; the administrative center of Edmond James de Rothschild , now a soldiers' memorial; the Great Synagogue; the Well; the old water tower; and Beit Sefer Haviv, the first Hebrew School. "Open Doors" is a holocaust memorial which is a 7-meter-high (23 ft) sculpture designed by Filipino artist Luis Lee Jr. It

3588-769: The Rishon LeZion Winery. In the Judean Hills, an area proved to yield grapes of high quality due to its warm days and cool nighttime temperature, Carmel has premium vineyards in Yatir Forest, the largest forest in Israel. These vineyards, which are up to 900 meters above sea level, supply grapes for the Yatir Winery. Carmel is a pioneer in the Negev , a popular area for vine growing in ancient times, with its high quality Ramat Arad vineyard situated on

3680-753: The United States. In 1902 Carmel Mizrahi was founded in The Ottoman Empire to market and distribute wines to the cities of the Ottoman Empire . In 1896, the first Carmel wines were presented at the International Exhibition of Berlin at a special pavilion devoted to the industries of the Jewish colony in the Ottoman Empire. Over a hundred thousand people visited the exhibition, looked at the products, and drank

3772-742: The Zionist communities of Mandatory Palestine . Within a short few years, it spread globally to pro-Zionist communities and organizations becoming the unofficial Zionist National Anthem. In 1933, at the 18th Zionist Congress in Prague, the Imber/Cohen Zionist National Anthem, formally adopted, was renamed the Hatikvah (The Hope). In November 2004, the State of Israel formally adopted Shmuel Cohen 's 1887 musical adaptation to

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3864-452: The appearance of barrel ageing. Brandy is traditionally served at room temperature ( neat ) from a snifter , a wine glass or a tulip glass . When consumned at room temperature, it is often slightly warmed by holding the glass cupped in the palm or by gentle heating. Excessive heating of brandy may cause the alcohol vapour to become too strong, causing its aroma to become overpowering. Brandy-drinkers who like their brandy warmed may ask for

3956-483: The area and wine tourism in Israel in general. The Central Coastal Plain (known as Dan ) and the rolling hills of the Judean Lowlands make up the second coastal region, in which grapes have been traditionally grown. This is the second largest area for growing vines in Israel, as it has a coastal Mediterranean climate : hot, humid summers and warm, mild winters. It is a large region for Carmel and it supplies

4048-589: The beginning of Eli Wiesel St. and continues through Henry Kissinger and Rene Cassin Streets in Kiryat Hatanei Pras Nobel. The boulevard has a pedestal erected for each laureate. The circular medal on top of the pedestal includes the year of the award in the center of the medal; the name of the laureate, the country, and the prize field are shown in both Hebrew and English. The citation of the Prize

4140-770: The businesses fell sharply when the war was over. The industry lost its principal markets in Russia due to the October Revolution , in the United States because of Prohibition , and in Egypt and the Middle East because of Arab nationalism. Many of the vineyards were uprooted and replanted with citrus trees. However, during the Second World War , the industry began to grow again and with successive waves of immigrants, drinking habits gradually changed. In 1957,

4232-440: The central and northern Golan and it is the leading winery presence in the premium Upper Galilee. The grapes from the finest vineyards go to Ramat Dalton Winery. The coastal regions of Sharon and Central Coastal Plain are Israel's traditional grape growing areas, where Carmel's vines were originally planted. In the northern Sharon Plain, Israel's largest wine growing region, benefiting from Mount Carmel Range and from breezes off

4324-447: The city qualify for a matriculation certificate. Rishon LeZion holds an annual wine festival. The Rishon LeZion Amphitheatre Live Park has hosted overseas artists such as Sting , Mariah Carey , Ozzy Osbourne , Christina Aguilera , Metallica , Alanis Morissette , alt-J , Megadeth , Deep Purple , Avicii , Jason Derulo , Flo Rida , Wiz Khalifa and Sean Paul . The city has a municipal zoo , an amusement park ( Superland ), and

4416-452: The city's 5-year plan to be completely water-independent, construction of a desalination plant is planned for Rishon, which will produce 3.7 million cubic meters of water per year. The city already hosts the large Shafdan recycling plant. Rishon LeZion has twenty-three elementary schools, nine middle schools, and twelve high schools. Rishon Lezion's College of Management has a student population of 10,000. Sixty percent of twelve graders in

4508-419: The company owns 1,400 hectares (3,472 acres) of vineyards in Israel. Carmel's production reaches 15 million bottles per year and its profit from export is US$ 5 million from 40 countries. When the settlers of the First Aliyah , Jews who immigrated to Ottoman Empire from Eastern Europe in the second half of the 19th century, encountered difficulties in cultivating the land due to their lack of experience and

4600-600: The council of the Vine-growers Union (75%) and the Jewish Agency for Israel (25%). Its parent company is Societe Cooperative Vigneronne des Grandes Caves Richon Le Zion & Zikhron Ya'akov Ltd. (S.C.V.) The company holds the two largest wineries in Israel ( Rishon Le Zion and Zichron Ya'acov ), as well as two new smaller ones: Yatir Winery (50% ownership) and the Kayoumi Winery. In addition,

4692-537: The country), as well as brandies from many other post-Soviet states, uses the traditional Russian grading system that is similar to the French one, but extends it significantly: Rishon LeZion Rishon LeZion ( Hebrew : רִאשׁוֹן לְצִיּוֹן (audio) , lit. "First to Zion ") is a city in Israel , located along the central Israeli coastal plain eight kilometres (5 mi) south of Tel Aviv . It

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4784-458: The country. On average, Carmel harvests about 25,000 tonnes of grapes, which is approximately 50% of Israel's total harvest. Exported wines will show the growing region on the label. In the Galilee and Golan, which are generally accepted as Israel's finest wine growing areas due to their higher altitude and cooler climate, Carmel's vineyards focus on growing quality grapes. Carmel has vineyards in

4876-426: The crier') from Mustafa Abdallah ali Dajan. According to Marom, ‘Uyūn Qārā offered "a convenient launching pad for early land purchase initiatives which shaped the pattern of Jewish settlement until the beginning of the British Mandate". Amzaleg signed a declaration to the settlers stating that none of the structures on this land would ever be his own. In addition to the problems posed by sandy soil and lack of water,

4968-464: The development of distillation . While the process was known in classical times, it was not significantly used for beverage production until the 15th century. In the early 16th-century French brandy helped kickstart the cross-Atlantic triangle trade when it took over the central role of the Portuguese fortified wine due to its higher alcohol content and ease of shipping. Canoemen and guards on

5060-606: The estate of the Baron Edmond de Rothschild deeded over the two wineries to the Cooperative of Winegrowers, the Societé Cooperative Vigneronne des Grandes Caves, by then, better known under the trade name Carmel Mizrahi in Israel and Carmel worldwide. For some years after the end of the war, Carmel's output was focused on sweet wines used for sacramental purposes. However, with the emergence of

5152-420: The following neighborhoods: Nahalat Yehuda (on the northernmost tip of Rishon); Neve Hillel; Bnot Hayil; Abramovich; Katzenelson; Remez (Giv'at Levinson), on the southwestern tip of old Rishon; Rishonim (Gan Nahum), to the east of Remez The Eastern Housing Projects ( Hebrew : שיכוני המזרח Shikunei HaMizrah ) was Rishon's quick expansion to the east. It is dominated by the housing projects ( shikunim ) there, in

5244-736: The glass to be heated before the brandy is poured. Brandy may be added to other beverages to make several popular cocktails ; these include the Brandy Sour , the Brandy Alexander , the Sidecar , the Brandy Daisy , and the Brandy Old Fashioned . Anglo-Indian usage has "brandy-pawnee" (brandy with water). Brandy is a common deglazing liquid used in making pan sauces for steak and other meat. It creates

5336-429: The handball league. Hapoel has won more than seven domestic championships and cups in a row, with stars like goalkeeper Vladimir Zaikman and field-players Idan Maimon and Dudi Balsar. Its biggest rival, Maccabi took the championship title from Hapoel in 2005/06. Handball is also a dominant sport in Rishon LeZion high schools. The Amit Amal high school handball team has won the world championship several times. In chess,

5428-494: The late nineteenth and early twentieth century, with suggestions that people were using brandy's "medical" qualities as an excuse for social drinking. The term brandy is a shortening of the archaic English brandewine or brandywine , which was derived from the Dutch word brandewijn , itself derived from gebrande wijn , which literally means "burned wine" and whose cognates include brännvin and brennivín . In Germany,

5520-432: The location of the future city park. The Rishon LeZion orchestra was established in 1895. In 1898, the year Theodor Herzl visited the settlement, the city park (then the village park) was established and a water tower was built next to the well. A founder of Rishon LeZion was Joseph Feinberg the father of Dora Bloch . At the year of its founding in 1882, Rishon LeZion had a population of 150. In 1890, Rishon LeZion had

5612-585: The lower tiers, such as Beitar Rishon LeZion, Hapoel Bnei Zion and Hapoel HaMegabesh Rishon LeZion. The main football stadium in Rishon LeZion is the 6,000-seat Haberfeld Stadium , which hosts matches of Hapoel Rishon LeZion . Other, smaller stadiums, are located in Shikun Hamizrah, in Nahlat Yehuda, and in the Superland amusement park complex. The Maccabi Rishon LeZion basketball team is

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5704-423: The medicine house, and in 1912 the first car ("First chariot without horses") appeared in the village. In 1911, 4,000 dunams of land in Rishon LeZion were planted with grapes and 254 dunams with other fruit orchards. In 1913, the governor of Greater Syria, Djemal Pasha , annexed the sands around Rishon Lezion to their territory and in 1915 Rishon Lezion was expanded again and was given the territory between it and

5796-446: The new industrial zone (Western Mabat ), and several residential neighborhoods: Neve Eliyahu (or Ramat Eliyahu), Neot Shikma, Neve Dekalim, Neve Hof (or Pueblo Español), Neve Yam, Kiryat Rishon, Kiryat Cramim, Kiryat Ganim, Neot Ashalim, Kiryat Hatanei Pras Nobel ( lit Nobel Prize Laureates' Town) Rishon LeZion is known for its achievements in handball and chess . In handball, Hapoel Rishon LeZion and Maccabi Rishon LeZion dominate

5888-413: The new world in wine making, Israeli wine makers sought new varieties of grapes, thus in 1971 Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc, the first varietal wines from Israel, were presented in the United States market. In the early 1980s, the wine industry in Israel fell upon hard times, but in the second half of the decade, wine became more popular and demands for quality stimulated tremendous improvements in

5980-550: The newcomers had no agricultural experience. Baron Rothschild brought in experts who drilled for water, finding the groundwater table uneven. Wells were built at a depth of 20–25 meters. After the Biluim arrived, the town slowly began to develop. On 23 February 1883, the settlers found water in the wells. To mark this occasion, the village emblem was inscribed with a verse from the Torah : "We have found water." (Genesis 26:32) Fani Belkind, Israel Belkind , Shimshon Belkind, Yoel Drubin , Haim Hissin, and David Yudilovich were among

6072-447: The north east Negev plateau, 500 meters above sea level with very hot days and cold nights. Brandy Brandy is a liquor produced by distilling wine . Brandy generally contains 35–60% alcohol by volume (70–120 US proof ) and is typically consumed as an after-dinner digestif . Some brandies are aged in wooden casks . Others are coloured with caramel colouring to imitate the effect of aging, and some are produced using

6164-417: The old city, the eastern housing projects, the northern (old) industrial zone, and Western Rishon LeZion. There is also an industrial zone on the southern tip of the city, next to Gan Sorek . The old city of Rishon includes the original neighborhoods, some buildings dating back to Rishon's founding in 1881. This quarter is located in the city center, between and around Herzl and Jabotinsky Streets. It includes

6256-423: The old industrial zone in the north of the city and the new industrial zone in the west of the city. The three major malls in Rishon LeZion are Rothschild Center in the old downtown center, Gold Mall ( Kenyon HaZahav ) in the New West district, and the newly constructed Azrieli Rishonim . Companies such as Coca-Cola , Gazit-Globe , Volvo , and Fiat are expected to open in the Maayan Sorek area. As part of

6348-406: The people of Rishon LeZion to the memory of the New Zealanders who fell that day, but it has since been destroyed. In the wake of the battle, the New Zealanders set up camp at Rishon Lezion, which was described by one officer as a "pretty little hamlet surrounded by vineyards and orange groves." Relations between the troops and villagers were good, and the troops brought the villagers the news of

6440-414: The pot still in three phases, referred to as the "heads", "heart", and "tails", respectively. The first part, the "head", has an alcohol concentration of about 83% (166 US proof) and an unpleasant odour. The weak portion on the end, the "tail", is discarded along with the head, and they are generally mixed with another batch of low wine, thereby entering the distillation cycle again. The middle heart fraction,

6532-403: The process of jacking which was originally used in its production involved no distillation. There is also a product called "grain brandy" that is made from grain spirits. Within particular jurisdictions, specific regulatory requirements regarding the labelling of products identified as brandy exist. For example: Within the European Union, the German term Weinbrand is legally equivalent to

6624-476: The revival of Hebrew, was a teacher in Rishon LeZion, as was his colleague David Yudilovitz . In 1898, the first Hebrew kindergarten in the world was established by Esther (Shapira) Ginzburg a former student of the Haviv school. Naphtali Herz Imber , the later famed Hebrew language poet, lived in Rishon LeZion for a few years in the late 1880s. He recited his poem, Tikvahtenu, to eager ears. In 1887, Shmuel Cohen ,

6716-402: The richest in aromas and flavours, is preserved for later maturation. Distillation does not simply enhance the alcohol content of wine. The heat under which the product is distilled and the material of the still (usually copper) cause chemical reactions during distillation. This leads to the formation of numerous new volatile aroma components, changes in relative amounts of aroma components in

6808-419: The soil's characteristics, they began to seek support outside of the Ottoman Empire for establishing vineyards and wineries. Their representatives visited France, where they met Baron Edmond de Rothschild, owner of Château Lafite . As a Zionist, Rothschild provided financial and moral assistance to the settlers. His first vineyards were planted near Rishon LeZion , south east of Jaffa . In 1882, French rootstock

6900-766: The southern Judean Hills . Another newly built winery is Ramat Dalton, located in Ramat Dalton, Upper Galilee. It was built in 2004 and receives its grapes from vineyards in Upper Galilee and Golan Heights. Carmel Winery owns numerous vineyards across Israel, from the Galilee and the Golan Heights in the North to the Negev in the South. These vineyards include some of the finest individual vineyard sites in

6992-448: The still. As a result, the distillate taste was often quite unlike the sources. As described in the 1728 edition of Cyclopaedia , the following method was used to distill brandy: A cucurbit was filled half full of the liquor from which brandy was to be drawn and then raised with a little fire until about one-sixth part was distilled, or until that which falls into the receiver was entirely flammable. This liquor, distilled only once,

7084-408: The term Branntwein refers to any distilled spirits, while Weinbrand refers specifically to distilled wine from grapes. In the general colloquial usage of the term, brandy may also be made from pomace and from fermented fruit other than grapes. If a beverage comes from a particular fruit (or multiple fruits) other than exclusively grapes, or from the must of such fruit, it may be referred to as

7176-533: The unaged brandy is placed into oak barrels to mature. Usually, brandies with a natural golden or brown colour are aged in oak casks (single-barrel ageing). Some brandies, particularly those from Spain, are aged using the solera system, where the producer changes the barrel each year. After a period of ageing, which depends on the style, class and legal requirements, the mature brandy is mixed with distilled water to reduce alcohol concentration and bottled. Some brandies have caramel colour and sugar added to simulate

7268-521: The varieties of grapes being grown, the cultivation of new growing regions and the updating of fermentation and production techniques. Over the past few years, new wineries have been built, the existing wineries have been renovated and a new team of wine makers have been employed. In 2003 Carmel agreed to sponsor 'Carmel Trophy for Best Eastern Mediterranean Producer' at I.W.S.C. in London. In 2004 Peter Stern (formerly at Mondavi & Gallo) from California

7360-510: The village a year later in 1887. In 1886, as Rishon LeZion's population of around 300 included several dozen children who required proper education, the Haviv elementary school was established in Rishon LeZion as the first modern school to teach exclusively in Hebrew . Dov Lubman Haviv taught there and Mordechai Lubman Haviv was an educational inspector. Eliezer Ben-Yehuda , the leading figure in

7452-590: The vineyards and in the wineries. Perhaps the two most famous were the first Prime Minister of Israel, David Ben-Gurion and his successor, Levi Eshkol . Through the early decades of the 20th century the wine business bloomed. Branches of Carmel Wine Co., were opened in Damascus , Cairo , Beirut , Berlin , London , Warsaw and Alexandria , and sales increased, particularly during the First World War , when allied troops passed through Palestine. However,

7544-570: The wine, and the hydrolysis of components such as esters. Brandy is usually produced in pot stills ( batch distillation ), but the column still can also be used for continuous distillation . The distillate obtained in this manner has a higher alcohol concentration (approximately 90% ABV) and is less aromatic. The choice of the apparatus depends on the style of brandy produced. Cognac and South African brandy are examples of brandy produced in batches while many American brandies use fractional distillation in column stills. After distillation,

7636-473: Was appointed wine making consultant. The same year Carmel founded 'Handcrafted Wines of Israel'. Exports are made to over 40 countries. Carmel's first winery and head office is Rishon LeZion Winery, which is located in the city of Rishon LeZion . It was built in 1890 by Baron Edmond de Rothschild, making it the oldest industrial building in Israel still in use. The winery is the largest winery in Israel in terms of production of wines, spirits and grape juice. It

7728-449: Was called the spirit of wine or brandy . Purified by another distillation (or several more), this was called spirit of wine rectified . The second distillation was made in [a] balneo mariae and in a glass cucurbit, and the liquor was distilled to about one-half the quantity. This was further rectified as long as the operator thought it necessary to produce brandy. To shorten these several distillations, which were long and troublesome,

7820-430: Was consumed by fire. (Hence the modern " proof " to describe alcohol content.) As most brandies have been distilled from grapes, the regions of the world producing excellent brandies have roughly paralleled those areas producing grapes for viniculture. At the end of the 19th century, the western European markets, including by extension their overseas empires, were dominated by French and Spanish brandies and eastern Europe

7912-887: Was dominated by brandies from the Black Sea region , including Bulgaria , the Crimea , Georgia and Armenia . In 1877, the Ararat brandy brand was established in Yerevan , Armenia. It became one of the top brandy brands over time and during the Yalta Conference , Winston Churchill was so impressed with the Armenian brandy Dvin given to him by Joseph Stalin that he asked for several cases of it to be sent to him each year. Reportedly 400 bottles of Dvin were shipped to Churchill annually. In 1884, David Sarajishvili founded

8004-520: Was erected in honor and thanks to President Manuel Quezon and the Filipinos who saved over 1,200 Jews from Nazi Germany . Former mayor Meir Nitzan initiated the construction of a promenade honoring Jewish Nobel Prize laureates in the neighborhood named Kiryat Hatanei Pras Nobel (קריית חתני פרס נובל). The promenade that was named Nobel Laureates Boulevard (in Hebrew טיילת חתני פרס נובל) starts at

8096-452: Was founded on 31 July 1882, by ten Hovevei Zion pioneers from Kharkiv , Ukraine (then the Russian Empire ) headed by Zalman David Levontin. Reuven Yudalevich was also a member of the group. The British vice-consul in Jaffa , Haim Amzaleg, purchased 835 acres (337.91  ha ) of land southeast of present-day Tel Aviv , the site of watering holes called ‘Uyūn Qārā (literally 'fountain of

8188-630: Was imported, and the Baron sent his own wine specialists to advise the pioneers in this enterprise. Construction began on a large wine cellar in Rishon LeZion. Later, a second winery was established in Zikhron Ya'akov , situated on Mount Carmel just south of Haifa. In 1895 Carmel Wine Co. was formed to export wines of Rishon LeZion and Zikhron Ya'akov, first in Poland, then in Austria, Great Britain and

8280-519: Was made in the spheres of agriculture, citrus and viticulture. In November 1883 the first rows were planted, led by ten Russian farmers who were further trained at Mikveh Israel agriculture school, also funded in part by Rothschild. The Great Synagogue, which became a major focus of life in Rishon LeZion, was built between 1885 and 1889. Under Rothschild's patronage, the Carmel-Mizrahi Winery was, established in 1886. The Baron Edmond James de Rothschild and his wife Adelheid von Rothschild came to visit

8372-479: Was the first establishment in Israel to install electricity and telephone, and David Ben-Gurion , Israel's first prime minister, worked there. It underwent renovations in the 1990s. Carmel's second winery is Zikhron Ya'akov Winery. Located in Zikhron Ya'akov , it is used for production of wine and blending of olive oil. it was built in 1892, also by Baron Edmond de Rothschild. The winery is the largest winery in Israel in terms of grapes received at harvest. It includes

8464-493: Was to add the water removed by distillation back to the brandy shortly before consumption. It was discovered that after being stored in wooden casks , the resulting product improved over the original distilled spirit. In addition to removing water, the distillation process led to the formation and decomposition of numerous aromatic compounds, fundamentally altering the distillate composition from its source. Non-volatile substances such as pigments, sugars, and salts remained behind in

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