The Carrera Panamericana was a border-to-border sedan ( stock and touring and sports car ) rally racing event on open roads in Mexico similar to the Mille Miglia and Targa Florio in Italy . Running for five consecutive years from 1950 to 1954, it was widely held by contemporaries to be the most dangerous race of any type in the world. It has since been resurrected along some of the original course as a classic speed rally.
149-495: After the 2,178 mile (3,507 kilometer) north-south Mexican section of the Pan-American Highway was completed in 1950, a nine-stage, five-day race across the country was organized by the national government to celebrate its achievement and attract international business. The 1950 race ran almost entirely along the new roadway. The first of five annual races began on May 5, 1950, and was entered by racers from all over
298-451: A V12 engine placed in the front of the car , and it presaged Ferrari's full embrace of mid-engine architecture, as well as V6 and V8 engines, in the 1970s and 1980s. Enzo Ferrari died in 1988, an event that saw Fiat expand its stake to 90%. The last car that he personally approved—the F40 —expanded on the flagship supercar approach first tried by the 288 GTO four years earlier. Enzo
447-441: A 19-year-old co-driver survived a serious head injury that left him in a coma after his Jaguar E-Type Roadster crashed into a pine forest; Rusty Ward, another competitor, rolled a Studebaker from a bridge into a river, having finished the event in a similar fashion the previous year. In 2012 there were two more fatalities, but one was from a heart attack. It is obvious, therefore, that the race should not be classed with road-rallies in
596-407: A Bonneville Salt Flats record holder, crashed at the same place after his brakes jammed. Thomson's car went straight into the embankment and killed 6 people who were standing there to get a better view of Christie's accident. In addition to this horrific tragedy, Italians Antonio Stagnoli and his co-driver Giuseppe Scotuzzi in a Ferrari 375 MM lost their lives when a blown tyre caused them to crash in
745-563: A Volvo P1800 amongst other star drivers. In a retro step, Cadillac entered a replica of the 1954 Series 62 coupe that a Colorado Springs dealer loaned to "five ordinary guys from Chicago", in order to revive a half-century old duel with Lincoln. The original 1954 team won the last two stages, and finished third in class (a Lincoln Capri won the Large Stock Class). The newer car, built in-house by GM's Performance Division Garage, preproduction trim shop and show-car paint department,
894-469: A World Championship Grand Prix with a Ferrari car. Ferrari supplied cars complete with V8 engines for the A1 Grand Prix series, from the 2008–2009 season. The car was designed by Rory Byrne and is styled to resemble the 2004 Ferrari Formula one car. Ferrari currently runs a customer GT program for a racing version of its 458 and has done so for the 458's predecessors, dating back to the 355 in
1043-501: A brand image built around racing heritage, luxury, and exclusivity. As of May 2023, Ferrari is also one of the largest car manufacturers by market capitalisation , with a value of approximately US$ 85.5 billion. Enzo Ferrari , formerly a salesman and racing driver for Alfa Romeo , founded Scuderia Ferrari , a racing team, in 1929. Originally intended to service gentleman drivers and other amateur racers, Alfa Romeo's withdrawal from racing in 1933, combined with Enzo's connections within
1192-604: A challenging project. Pan-American Highway The Pan-American Highway is a network of roads stretching across the Americas , measuring about 30,000 kilometres (19,000 mi) in total length. Except for a break of about 100 km (60 mi) across the border between Colombia and Panama known as the Darién Gap , the roads link most of the Pacific coastal countries of North America and South America in
1341-533: A connected highway system. According to Guinness World Records , the Pan-American Highway is the world's longest "motorable road". The Pan-American Highway passes through many diverse climates and ecological types—ranging from dense jungles to arid deserts and barren tundra . Some areas are fully passable only during the dry season . There is no official authority for its composition, but it extends in de facto terms from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska , in
1490-535: A curtain raiser for the Champ Car race, and stayed nights at the old colonial cities of Puebla , Querétaro , Morelia , Aguascalientes and Zacatecas , with the finish at Monterrey . It was won by Gabriel Perez and Angelica Fuentes in a yellow 1959 Ford Coupe, the first win for a woman and a first for the 'Turismo Production' class. Though competed mostly by amateurs, Jo Ramírez of the McLaren F1 team competed
1639-446: A driver's license. The rules were that the slower car was to allow the faster car to pass if the faster car honked its horn. We were in the mountains, and I came up to Carlos and honked, but he wouldn't let me pass. This went on through about ten turns, with Carlos blocking me each time. We were probably doing about 90 miles per hour at this point. The next time I tried to pass him, he bumped my right-front fender, which almost pushed me off
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#17327726249251788-470: A heavy toll upon drivers. During the first stage, José Estrada and Miguel González died after their 1951 Packard left the road and fell 630 feet (190 m) into a ravine. Estrada was an experienced racer and car dealer, who had announced at the start of the race: "I will win, or die trying." The next day Italian driver Carlos Panini also died after an accident. Panini was a pioneer of Mexican aviation who established Mexico's first scheduled airline in 1927. He
1937-521: A highway through the Darién Gap that separates the two continents. A Cuban proposal that was not carried out was to include a "circuito del Caribe" (Caribbean circuit). This would have expanded the highway to Puerto Juárez , Mexico ( Cancún ), and from there by ferry to Pinar del Río, Cuba , from there by road to Havana , and by ferry again to Key West , Florida , and the Overseas Highway . The deterioration of relations between Cuba and
2086-559: A left turn, and his Ford went off the road backwards. The car plunged over the embankment on the side and came to a cushioned but smashing stop upside down in the mud of the river bank, below the level of the highway. Christie unfastened his belts and helped "K" to reach the bank. A fairly large crowd of spectators hastily assembled on a ledge below the road to find a better view of the accident. Many of these spectators swarmed to Christie's and Wood's aid immediately and were relieved to find out that both were uninjured. But then, Mickey Thompson ,
2235-538: A natural extension of several key American highways that reach the Canada–US border. British Columbia Highway 97 and Highway 2 to Alberta both pick up where the southern end of the Alaska highway leaves off. Highway 97 becomes U.S. Route 97 at the Canada–US border. British Columbia Highway 99 provides an alternate route from Highway 97 just north of Cache Creek ; it runs through Whistler and Vancouver before ending at
2384-476: A new grille after this race: the Panamericana-Grille can be found on almost all AMG vehicles starting from 2018. Also, the race saw famous people from different forms of auto racing converge in one event, including: The race was resurrected in 1988 by Pedro Dávila, Loyal Truesdale, and Eduardo de León Camargo, and runs a 7-day, 2,000-mile (3,200 km) route aping some of the original course. It
2533-611: A rainbow of colours, and one 250 GT SWB , used as a test mule for the 250 GTO, was a rare non-red factory-backed car: it raced in blue. In a particularly noteworthy case from 1964, while protesting the FIA 's homologation requirements, the company moved its racing assets to the North American Racing Team , an affiliated team based in the United States. As a result, Ferrari and the driver John Surtees won
2682-424: A range of categories including Formula One and sports car racing , though the company has also worked in partnership with other teams. The earliest Ferrari entity, Scuderia Ferrari , was created in 1929—ten years before the founding of Ferrari proper—as a Grand Prix racing team. It was affiliated with automaker Alfa Romeo , for whom Enzo had worked in the 1920s. Alfa Romeo supplied racing cars to Ferrari, which
2831-482: A run of the first stage between the cities of Tuxtla Gutiérrez and Oaxaca. His car went off a mountain road and he died in a hospital in Oaxaca. First and second places were won by the works Ferraris 212 Inters driven by Piero Taruffi and Alberto Ascari , third and fourth by ordinary American cars. Bill Sterling, a salesman from El Paso , Texas , placed third in a Chrysler Saratoga entered by Carl Kiekhaefer of
2980-465: A sheer cliff to the left that was some 500 to 800 feet down. My left front tire went over the edge, but fortunately I regained control of the car. Carlos over-corrected his car to the right, and went straight into a solid rock wall. The car exploded on impact like an egg hitting a sidewalk. I didn't know it at the time, but Carlos was killed instantly. One of the rules of the race was if you stopped to help anyone, you were automatically disqualified... Seeing
3129-464: A significant update of this philosophy. The Tailor Made programme allows clients to work with designers in Maranello to make decisions at every step of the process. Through this program almost any trim, any exterior colour or any interior material is possible. The program carries on the original tradition and emphasizes the idea of each car being unique. The 1984 288 GTO is considered by some to be
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#17327726249253278-419: A three-digit unitary displacement of an engine cylinder with an additional suffix representing the purpose of a vehicle. Therefore, Ferrari 125 S had 1.5 L (1,496.77 cc) V12 engine with a unitary displacement of 124.73 cc; whilst S-suffix represented Sport. Other race cars also received names invoking particular races such as Ferrari 166 MM for Mille Miglia. With the introduction of road-going models,
3427-475: A true, high-speed race (stage rally) mainly through the mountains, and as such, is extremely dangerous. Mechanical attrition for the more classic cars often leads to burst brake lines and overheated engines, but crashes are also common on the winding roads. In 1999, Bernardo Obregón and his co-driver Alda Arnauda were killed after their Volvo PV544 left the road during the Mil Cumbres mountain stage. In 2006,
3576-629: Is a one-make racing series for the Ferrari 458 . The FXX is not road legal and is therefore only used for track events. The first vehicle made with the Ferrari name was the 125 S . Only two of this small two-seat sports/racing V12 car were made. In 1949, the 166 Inter was introduced marking the company's significant move into the grand touring road car market. The first 166 Inter was a four-seat (2+2) berlinetta coupe with body work designed by Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera . Road cars quickly became
3725-554: Is about 148 km (92 mi). From Honduras, it passes into Nicaragua at El Espino , passing through the Nicaraguan cities of Somoto , Estelí , Sebaco, Managua , Jinotepe , and Rivas before entering Costa Rica at Peñas Blancas. From the crossing at the Honduras-Nicaragua border , the highway continues as Central America Highway 1 to the town of Ocotal , about 42 km (26 mi). From Ocotal to Estelí
3874-481: Is about 50 km (31 mi) and another 55 km (34 mi) to Jutiapa . The highway continues as CA Highway 1 and approaches the border with El Salvador . It is 50 km (31 mi) to the border crossing at San Cristobal Frontera. In Guatemala , the Pan-American highway passes through 10 departments , including The Department Of Guatemala , where it passes through Guatemala City . El Salvador
4023-511: Is about 58 km (36 mi), and on to the village of Sébaco is about 46 km (29 mi). At this point, the Inter-American Highway turns from southeast to south towards Ciudad Darío , which is 15 km (9.3 mi) from Sébaco. From Ciudad Dario to the village of San Benito is 55 km (34 mi). From San Benito, it is about 38 km (24 mi) to the Nicaraguan capital and largest city of Managua , on
4172-527: Is always presented either as a shield, with the Italian tricolour above the horse and the initials SF (" Scuderia Ferrari ") below; or as a rectangle, replacing "SF" with the word "Ferrari" rendered in the company's trademark typeface. Enzo Ferrari offered an account of the horse's origins. In his story, after a 1923 victory in Ravenna , the family of Francesco Baracca , a deceased flying ace who painted
4321-689: Is commonly considered a de facto northerly extension of the Pan-American Highway, which continues further north with the Dalton Highway in Alaska. With this route, the Pan-American Highway begins in Prudhoe Bay , Alaska near Deadhorse . Traveling south, the route follows the length of the Dalton Highway (Alaska Route 11) changing to Alaska Route 2 , the Alaskan portion of the Alaska Highway, near Fairbanks , Alaska. From Fairbanks,
4470-399: Is credited with being the first pilot to fly a light plane around the world. The fatal accident occurred on the second day, during the second stage from Oaxaca to Puebla . Although the registered driver for the race was Carlos' daughter Teresa, he was at the wheel of a 1949 Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 SS despite poor health and not having a valid license. The accident happened while a young Bobby Unser
4619-425: Is done by Ferrari, sometimes in cooperation with external design houses such as Pininfarina or Fioravanti , and the vehicles receive full homologation to be road legal. Since the creation of Ferrari's in-house styling centre in 2010 though, the focus has shifted away somewhat from outside coachbuilders and more towards creating new in-house designs for clients. The first car to be completed under this programme
Carrera Panamericana - Misplaced Pages Continue
4768-476: Is known as Carretera Interamericana (Inter-American Highway) and is composed of two segments Carretera Interamericana Norte (Route 1) and Carretera Interamericana Sur (Route 2). It passes through Liberia , San José , Cartago , Pérez Zeledón , Palmares, Neily, before crossing into Panama at Paso Canoas. The highest point in the entire Pan-American Highway occurs at the Cerro de la Muerte (Death Hill) in
4917-489: Is known as the Inter-American Highway ) starts at Nuevo Laredo , Tamaulipas (opposite Laredo, Texas ), and goes south to Mexico City along Mexican Federal Highway 85 . An alternative route begins at the border crossing between San Diego, California and Tijuana, Baja California . Interstate 5 in the United States connects to Mexican Federal Highway 1 at the busiest international border crossing in
5066-454: Is run with official backing on special closed stages of the public road network and fast transit sections through central Mexico until recently at unlimited speeds approaching 180 mph (290 km/h). The race is competed by 80 to 100 cars organized into 10 classes, which are differentiated by car age and authenticity; virtually any car with a classic bodyshell is eligible. The bulk of entries are provided by 1950s and '60s American stock cars;
5215-625: Is the Ferrari Driver Academy . Begun in 2009, the initiative follows the team's successful grooming of Felipe Massa between 2003 and 2006. Drivers who are accepted into the Academy learn the rules and history of formula racing as they compete, with Ferrari's support, in feeder classes such as Formula Three and Formula 4 . As of 2019, 5 out of 18 programme inductees had graduated and become F1 drivers: one of these drivers, Charles Leclerc , came to race for Scuderia Ferrari, while
5364-437: Is the smallest country (by area) along the route of the Pan-American Highway. After crossing into El Salvador at Candelaria de la Frontera , the Inter-American Highway continues on toward Santa Ana as Central America Highway 1. From the border crossing to Santa Ana is about 13 km (8.1 mi). From Santa Ana it's about 45 km (28 mi) San Salvador, El Salvador 's capital and largest city. At Nueva San Salvador ,
5513-670: Is used in all motor sports involving a navigator today, such as stage rallying . The highly organized Lincoln teams also used a similar system. Only one person was killed in this event, Santos Letona of Puebla, Mexico, who died in a crash near the town of Texmelucan on the third stage between there and Mexico City. In 1953 the Sports and Stock classes were both subdivided into Large and Small groups, giving four categories in which to compete. These were split by engine cubic capacity; sports cars under and over 1600 cc were Small and Large respectively, and stock cars under and over 3500 cc likewise. This
5662-695: The 125 F1 , was first raced at the 1948 Italian Grand Prix , where its encouraging performance convinced Enzo to continue the company's costly Grand Prix racing programme. Ferrari's first victory in an F1 series was at the 1951 British Grand Prix , heralding its strong performance during the 1950s and early 1960s: between 1952 and 1964, the team took home six World Drivers' Championships and one Constructors' Championship . Notable Ferrari drivers from this era include Alberto Ascari , Juan Manuel Fangio , Phil Hill , and John Surtees . Ferrari's initial fortunes ran dry after 1964, and its began to receive its titles in isolated sprees. Ferrari first started to slip in
5811-420: The 125 S , which was the marque's first car, and many subsequent Ferraris. The company saw success in motorsport almost as soon as it began racing: the 125 S won many races in 1947, and several early victories, including the 1949 24 Hours of Le Mans and 1951 Carrera Panamericana , helped build Ferrari's reputation as a high-quality automaker. Ferrari won several more races in the coming years, and early in
5960-447: The 2023 FIA World Endurance Championship , Ferrari, in partnership with AF Corse , fielded two 499P sports prototypes. To commemorate the company's return to the discipline, one of the cars was numbered "50", referencing the fifty years that had elapsed since a works Ferrari competed in an endurance race. The 499P finished first at the 2023 24 Hours of Le Mans , ending Toyota Gazoo Racing 's five-year winning streak there and becoming
6109-711: The American Automobile Association and other motor sports groups in the United States to organize and promote the event which was limited to stock sedans with five seats. Piero Taruffi and Felice Bonetto , both Italian F1 drivers, entered a pair of Alfa Romeo coupes specially constructed for the event. However, many of the 132 competitors were ordinary unsponsored citizens from the United States, Mexico, and elsewhere. The entrants included nine women drivers. The first race ran from north to south beginning in Ciudad Juárez , Chihuahua , across
Carrera Panamericana - Misplaced Pages Continue
6258-457: The Ferrari 125 S —also the first Ferrari-branded sports car—became the first to wear it. For many years, rosso corsa ( ' racing red ' ) was the required colour of all Italian racing cars. It is also closely associated with Ferrari: even after livery regulations changed, allowing race teams to deviate from their national colours , Scuderia Ferrari continued to paint its cars bright red, as it does to this day. On Ferrari's road-going cars,
6407-695: The Maya ruins of Zaculeu . The Pan-American Highway crosses the Continental Divide again, and into the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes mountains. From Huehuetenango to Chimaltenango is roughly 160 km (99 mi) with Mayan ruins at Iximché , just north of Tecpán Guatemala . From Chimaltenango, it is about 35 to 40 km (22 to 25 mi) to Guatemala City , the capital and largest city in Central America. From Guatemala City to Cuilapa
6556-656: The Mercury Marine boat motor manufacturer, and well-known race car driver Troy Ruttman followed him in a flat-head V8 Mercury Eight he reportedly had bought for $ 1,000 in a used car lot in El Monte, California yet bested several factory Lancias and Ferraris. In 1952 the organizers of Carrera Panamericana divided what had been a single class into Sports Car and Stock Car entries so heavy American sedans did not have to compete directly with nimble European sports cars. The major automobile manufacturers had taken notice of
6705-598: The Mexican Federal District . Later branches were built to the border as follows: From Mexico City to the border with Guatemala , the highway follows Mexican Federal Highway 190 . In the inaugural Carrera Panamericana road race, organized by the Mexican government, the terminus of this southern route was said to be at Ciudad Cuauhtémoc, Chiapas , at the Guatemalan border. Specifically, as
6854-569: The Mille Miglia , and two victories at the 24 Hours of Le Mans , among many other races These races were ideal environments for the development and promotion of Ferrari's earlier road cars, which were broadly similar to their racing counterparts. This luck continued into the first half of the 1960s, when Ferrari won the WSC's 2000GT class three consecutive times and finished first at Le Mans for six consecutive years. Its winning streak at Le Mans
7003-654: The Santa Rosa National Park to the west and Guanacaste National Park to the east. From the Nicaragua-Costa Rica border to the town of Liberia is about 76.8 km (47.7 mi). In the region of Costa Rica, the Pan-American Highway runs just west of the Cordillera de Guanacaste (Guanacaste Mountains), which includes the active volcanoes of Rincón de la Vieja and Miravalles . While travelling through Costa Rica north of San Jose,
7152-546: The Targa Florio ), and in 2009 the company shipped the Panamera , a 4-door touring car with a name inspired by Panamericana. Similarly, the watchmaker Heuer , then known for its motorsport stopwatches, introduced a chronograph called the "Carrera Panamerica" after the 1953 race, which developed into its long-running 'Carrera' range. In the same way, Mercedes-AMG (high performance division of Mercedes-Benz road cars) named
7301-588: The international border from El Paso, Texas , and finishing in Ciudad Cuauhtémoc , Chiapas (formerly known as El Ocotal) on the Guatemala-Mexico border opposite from La Mesilla , Guatemala . The event comprised nine "legs" or stage. At least one leg was run each day for five consecutive days. The elevation changes were significant: from 328 feet (100 m) to 10,482 feet (3,195 m) above sea level, requiring among other modifications
7450-403: The rejetting of carburetors to cope with thinner air . Most of the race was run between 5,000 feet (1,500 m) and 8,000 feet (2,400 m). The first four places were won by American cars and American drivers. The winner, Hershel McGriff , drove an Oldsmobile 88 at an average speed of 142 km/h (88 mph). The car cost McGriff and his partners only $ 1,900, when the winner's purse
7599-466: The "HY-KERS Concept", Ferrari's hybrid system adds more than 100 horsepower on top of the 599 Fiorano's 612 hp. Also in mid-2014, the flagship LaFerrari was put into production featuring a hybrid system. Ferrari introduced their first plug-in hybrid (PHEV) model in 2019 with the SF90 Stradale , followed by the 296 in 2021. From the beginning, the Ferrari naming convention consisted of
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#17327726249257748-477: The 1950s and 1960s, Ferrari supplied Formula One cars to a number of private entrants and other teams. One famous example was Tony Vandervell 's team, which raced the Thinwall Special modified Ferraris before building their own Vanwall cars. The North American Racing Team 's entries in the final three rounds of the 1969 season were the last occasions on which a team other than Scuderia Ferrari entered
7897-875: The 1950s and 1960s, count among the most expensive cars ever sold at auction . Throughout its history, the company has been noted for its continued participation in racing , especially in Formula One , where its team, Scuderia Ferrari , is the series' single oldest and most successful. Scuderia Ferrari has raced since 1929, first in Grand Prix events and later in Formula One, where since 1952 it has fielded fifteen champion drivers , won sixteen Constructors' Championships , and accumulated more race victories, 1–2 finishes, podiums, pole positions, fastest laps and points than any other team in F1 history. Historically, Ferrari
8046-637: The 1950s its road cars were already a favourite of the international elite. Ferrari produced many families of interrelated cars, including the America , Monza , and 250 series, and the company's first series-produced car was the 250 GT Coupé , beginning in 1958. In 1960, Ferrari was reorganized as a public company . It soon began searching for a business partner to handle its manufacturing operations: it first approached Ford in 1963, though negotiations fell through; later talks with Fiat , who bought 50% of Ferrari's shares in 1969, were more successful. In
8195-502: The 1951 edition of the race, and two 3-litre versions for Giovanni Bracco and Eugenio Castellotti . During pre-race runs of the route at much safer speeds, Bonetto and Taruffi painted warning signals on the road to remind themselves of particular hazards. As the D24 was both open and single-seat, there was no co-driver. This resulted in the death of Bonetto who, leading the race under pressure from Taruffi, missed his own warning signs. Entering
8344-866: The Alberta route, both of which are also part of the CANAMEX Corridor . Crossing the border into Canada, Alaska Highway 2 turns into Yukon Highway 1. The first significant settlement along the way is Beaver Creek, Yukon . At Haines Junction , where it meets Yukon Highway 3 , Yukon Highway 1 turns east toward Whitehorse , the capital of the Yukon Territory . Through most of Whitehorse, Yukon Highway 2 and Yukon Highway 1 share an alignment. Yukon Highway 1 cuts southeast toward Marsh Lake, Yukon while Yukon Highway 2 cuts south to Skagway , Alaska. Eventually, Yukon Highway 1 intersects with Yukon Highway 8 and Yukon Highway 7 at Jake's Corner, Yukon ;
8493-631: The British Columbia–Yukon border, the Pan-American Highway reaches the first settlement in British Columbia at Lower Post . After travelling about 32 km (20 mi) east, the highway once again re-enters the Yukon for roughly 8 mi (13 km). The Highway then re-enters British Columbia (as BC 97) for the final time. The Pan-American Highway continues south to southeast through a long uninhabited stretch until it passes through
8642-544: The Canada–US border at the north end of Interstate 5 in Washington state , the beginning of the official Pan-American route south of British Columbia. Meanwhile, Alberta Highway 2 runs south and east to Alberta Highway 3 leading into Lethbridge , then south on Alberta Highway 4 to the Canada–US border, where it becomes Interstate 15 in Montana . This is the first official stretch of the Pan-American Highway south of
8791-760: The Carretera Interamericana Sur segment, at 3,335 m (10,942 ft). An alternative route used by cross country buses and freight transportation that avoids crossing through the Greater Metropolitan Area and Cerro de la Muerte, is by taking Route 23 in Puntarenas canton from Route 1, then Route 27 and Route 34 , and taking Route 2 in Osa canton. After entering Costa Rica, the Highway separates two national parks,
8940-646: The Centro Stile Ferrari for the design of all its road cars. The Ferrari F12 was the last Ferrari production model to feature Pininfarina design, although Ferrari has stated that they will continue to collaborate with Pininfarina on special projects. The Ferrari SF90 Stradale is the first-ever Ferrari to feature PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) architecture which sees the internal combustion engine integrated with three electric motors, two of which are independent and located on
9089-467: The Constructors' Championship in 1982 and 1983. Following another drought in the 1980s and 1990s, Ferrari saw a long winning streak in the 2000s, largely through the work of Michael Schumacher . After signing onto the team in 1996, Schumacher gave Ferrari five consecutive drivers' titles between 2000 and 2004; this was accompanied by six consecutive constructors' titles, beginning in 1999. Ferrari
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#17327726249259238-515: The European teams a chance to compete during what was normally their off-season. For the first time, a European manufacturer entered a 'factory' team, Ferrari entering several cars including a 212 Export LWB Vignale. Although the Ferrari entries did not technically satisfy the requirements of the touring car category, the Italians were permitted to compete anyway. The race would prove to exact
9387-534: The February 1967 24 Hours of Daytona with the 330 P4 . Only in the 1973 Daytona 24 Hours, a 365 GTB/4 run by NART (who raced Ferraris in America) ran second, behind a Porsche 911 . The various Dino models were named for Enzo's son, Dino Ferrari, and were marketed as Dinos by Ferrari and sold at Ferrari dealers – for all intents and purposes they are Ferraris. In the mid-1990s, Ferrari added
9536-742: The Highway travels south for about 290 km (180 mi) until it reaches Fort St. John . It continues on B.C. Highway 97 southeast for another 60 km (37 mi) to reach the end of the Alaska Highway at Dawson Creek . After B.C Highway 97, the unofficial route becomes Alberta Highway 43 . In approximately 7.2 km (4.5 mi), Highway 43 enters into the first settlement Demmitt. For about 75 km (47 mi), Highway 43 goes into Grande Prairie . At Clairmont , Highway 43, turns to Alberta Highway 2 , Highway 43 goes left. Highway 43 goes for 455 km (283 mi) before reaching Edmonton . The unofficial route turns 2 ways, one way goes to Lloydminster , Minneapolis , and Dallas and merges with
9685-482: The Italian military; the contracts for these goods were lucrative, and provided the new company with a great deal of capital. In 1943, under threat of Allied bombing raids, the company's factory was moved to Maranello . Though the new facility was nonetheless bombed twice, Ferrari remains in Maranello to this day. In 1945, Ferrari adopted its current name. Work started promptly on a new V12 engine that would power
9834-585: The Mexican/U.S. Texas border near El Paso . This was changed from the previous event because of the lack of accommodation available for race officials, drivers, crews and press in El Ocotal and the jungle. This northerly direction also allowed the U.S. drivers to finish at their border. The race was moved from early May to late November to avoid the hot and rainy weather at that time of year in Mexico and to give
9983-402: The Oaxaca state capital of Oaxaca is about 140 km (87 mi). From the city of Oaxaca, the Highway continues southeast as Mexico Highway 190 for about 230 km (140 mi) to the village of Juchitán de Zaragoza . The Pan-American Highway is now in southern Mexico, which is a combination of small mountains, hills, and jungles. It is another 90 km (56 mi) to the border with
10132-531: The Pan-American Highway continues on Yukon 1 east-northeast from this junction. At Johnson's Crossing , Yukon Highway 1 meets Yukon Highway 6 and travels southeast through Teslin, Yukon . The Pan-American Highway continues on Yukon 1 as it crosses over into British Columbia (B. C.). After several miles, the Highway reenters the Yukon (once again as Highway 1) and continues southeast of Watson Lake until it, once again, enters British Columbia as B.C. Highway 97. After travelling about 8 km (5.0 mi) past
10281-442: The Pan-American Highway continues south of Mexico City, it runs through the city of Cuernavaca about 48 km (30 mi) south of the Mexican capital. Here, the Pan-American Highway heads east along Federal Highway 190 through the state of Puebla ; for about 32 km (20 mi), it is a limited-access divided highway. The route then reverts to an undivided highway and enters the state of Oaxaca . From Huajuapan de León to
10430-624: The U.S. after the Cuban Revolution of 1959 ended talk of this project. The concept of an overland route from one tip of the Americas to the other was originally proposed as a railroad. In 1884 the U.S. Congress passed a law with a plan to build an inter-American rail system. This was discussed at the First Pan-American Conference in 1889; however, construction never started. It was abandoned in concept after
10579-499: The border into Honduras at El Amatillo near Nacaome (40 km (25 mi) from border). Just past Nacaome is a highway traveling north to Tegucigalpa , the capital of Honduras. Traveling south, it is 40 km (25 mi) to Choluteca , the fourth-largest city in Honduras. From Choluteca to the border crossing, just past San Marcos de Colón , is about 68 km (42 mi). The Pan-American Highway's total distance in Honduras
10728-462: The bulk of Ferrari sales. The early Ferrari road cars typically featured bodywork designed and customised by independent coachbuilders such as Vignale , Touring , Ghia , Pininfarina , Scaglietti and Bertone . The original Ferrari road cars were typically two-seat front-engined V12s. This platform served Ferrari well through the 1950s and 1960s. In 1967, the V6 powered Dino 206 GT was introduced as
10877-585: The checkered flag. The best placed European car was an Alfa Romeo sedan driven by Italian driver, Felice Bonetto . The race, however, set its bloody and dangerous reputation right from the start: 4 people (3 competitors, 1 spectator) were killed during this event. The following year, the race was run from south to north, starting in Tuxtla Gutiérrez , Chiapas on the Mexican/Guatemalan border and finishing in Ciudad Juárez , Chihuahua on
11026-444: The colour has always been among the company's most popular choices: in 2012, 40 per cent of Ferraris left the factory painted red, while in the early 1990s the figure was even higher, at 85 per cent. Some Ferrari vehicles, such as the 288 GTO , have only been made available in red. Although rosso corsa is the colour most associated with Ferrari, it has not always been the colour of choice. Ferraris raced by privateers have run in
11175-515: The company "Auto Avio Costruzioni", and headquartered it in the facilities of the old Scuderia Ferrari; due to a noncompete agreement with Alfa Romeo, the company could not use the Ferrari name for another four years. The company produced a single car, the Auto Avio Costruzioni 815 , which participated in only one race before the outbreak of World War II . During the war, Enzo's company produced aircraft engines and machine tools for
11324-472: The company built its first car in 1940, adopted its current name in 1945, and began to produce its current line of road cars in 1947. Ferrari became a public company in 1960, and from 1963 to 2014 it was a subsidiary of Fiat S.p.A. It was spun off from Fiat's successor entity, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles , in 2016. The company currently offers a large model range which includes several supercars , grand tourers , and one SUV . Many early Ferraris, dating to
11473-573: The company's F2 programme led directly to the creation of the Dino engine , which came to power various racing and road Ferraris. The final non-F1 formula in which Ferrari competed was the Tasman Series , wherein Chris Amon won the 1969 championship in a Dino 246 Tasmania . At least two water speed record boats have utilized Ferrari powertrains, both of them 800kg-class hydroplanes from
11622-509: The company, turned Scuderia Ferrari into its unofficial representative on the track. Alfa Romeo supplied racing cars to Ferrari, who eventually amassed some of the best drivers of the 1930s and won many races before the team's liquidation in 1937. Late in 1937, Scuderia Ferrari was liquidated and absorbed into Alfa Romeo, but Enzo's disagreements with upper management caused him to leave in 1939. He used his settlement to found his own company, where he intended to produce his own cars. He called
11771-426: The early 1950s. Neither boat was built by or affiliated with Ferrari, though one of them, Arno XI , had its engine order approved directly by Enzo Ferrari. Arno XI still holds the top speed record for an 800kg hydroplane. Since 2019, Scuderia Ferrari has participated in sim racing . Throughout its history, Ferrari has supplied racing cars to other entrants, aside from its own works Scuderia Ferrari team. In
11920-564: The early 1990s, Ferrari followed a three-number naming scheme based on engine displacement and a number of cylinders: Most Ferraris were also given designations referring to their body style. In general, the following conventions were used: This naming system can be confusing, as some entirely different vehicles used the same engine type and body style. Many Ferraris also had other names affixed (such as Daytona) to identify them further. Many such names are actually not official factory names. The Daytona name commemorates Ferrari's triple success in
12069-493: The emblem on his airplane, paid him a visit. Paolina de Biancoli, Francesco's mother, suggested that Ferrari adopt the horse as a good luck charm: he accepted the request, and the Prancing Horse was first used by his racing team in 1932, applied to their Alfa Romeo 8C with the addition of a canary yellow background—the "colour of Modena ", Enzo's hometown. The rectangular Prancing Horse has been used since 1947, when
12218-531: The event. The Mercedes-Benz W194 of Kling and Hans Klenk won despite the car being hit by a vulture in the windscreen. During a long right-hand bend in the opening stage taken at almost 200 km/h (120 mph), Kling failed to spot vultures sitting by the side of the road. As the birds scattered at the roar of the virtually unsilenced 300 SL, one impacted through the windscreen on the passenger side, briefly knocking co-driver and navigator Klenk unconscious. Despite bleeding badly from facial injuries caused by
12367-561: The expense to the government, the race was cancelled after the 1955 Le Mans disaster , although the President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines announced only that the race's original task of publicizing the highway was 'complete'. 27 people had died during the five years of the Panamericana, giving it one of the highest mortality rates per race in the history of motor sports. Only a third of entrants typically finished
12516-620: The explosive impact, I wanted to stop to help, but daddy told me to keep going. He knew the rules and told me that people were there to help. That was hard for me - I slowed down to about 15 or 20 miles per hour. He insisted that I keep going, and grimly, I did. Ricardo Ramírez of Mexico City abandoned the race to rush the Paninis to a hospital in Puebla, but Señor Panini was announced dead on arrival. His daughter survived with minor injuries. The deaths of Panini and Estrada resulted in denunciations of
12665-438: The first Ferrari in 58 years to win the race. Ferrari repeated this feat at the 2024 24 Hours of Le Mans , marking its first consecutive victory at the race since 1965. From 1932 to 1935 Scuderia Ferrari operated a motorcycle racing division, which was conceived as a way to scout and train future Grand Prix drivers. Instead of Italian motorcycles, the team used British ones manufactured by Norton and Rudge . Though Ferrari
12814-727: The first in the line of Ferrari flagship "supercars". This pedigree is considered to extend through the F40 , F50 , Enzo and the LaFerrari . These are sometimes referred to by collectors as the "Big 5". Ferrari has produced a handful of concept cars such as the Modulo , Mythos , and Pinin . Some of these were quite radical and never intended for production, while others showed styling elements that were later incorporated into production models. Most of Ferrari's concept cars have been collaborations with design studio Pininfarina . The most recent concept car to be produced by Ferrari themselves
12963-424: The first production rear mid-engined car built by Ferrari. The 206 GT was sold under the lower cost Dino marque, named after Enzo Ferrari's late son, and sold in greater numbers than any previous Ferrari model. The first rear mid-engine model to be sold under the Ferrari name came in 1973 with the flat 12 powered Berlinetta Boxer . This rear mid-engine layout would go on to be used in many Ferraris continuing into
13112-575: The front axle, with the third at the rear between the engine and the gearbox. In the 1950s and 1960s, clients often personalized their vehicles as they came straight from the factory. This philosophy added to the mystique of the brand at the time. Every Ferrari that came out of Maranello could be built to an individual customer's specification. Ferrari formalized this concept with its earlier Carrozzeria Scaglietti programme. The options offered here were more typical such as racing seats, rearview cameras, and other special trim. In late 2011, Ferrari announced
13261-602: The highway is not marked. Much of the highway in Latin America is marked as Vía Panam or Vía Panamericana . The Northern Pan-American Highway travels through nine countries, including in Central America: The Southern Pan-American Highway travels through five countries: Important spurs also connect with four other South American countries: The Alaska Highway through Alaska , Yukon and British Columbia
13410-560: The highway passes near the Volcano de San Salvador. From San Salvador to Cojutepeque is about 15 km (9.3 mi); following the highway southeast to San Miguel is about 65 km (40 mi). From San Miguel to the El Salvador-Honduras border is about 30 km (19 mi). In El Salvador, the highway also passes through the cities of, Santa Tecla , Antiguo Cuscatlán , and San Martín . The highway crosses
13559-482: The highway route is known as Costa Rica Highway 1 instead of CA Highway 1. From San Jose south to Panama, the highway route is known as Costa Rica Highway 2. Ferrari This is an accepted version of this page Ferrari S.p.A. ( / f ə ˈ r ɑːr i / , Italian: [ferˈraːri] ) is an Italian luxury sports car manufacturer based in Maranello . Founded in 1939 by Enzo Ferrari (1898–1988),
13708-531: The highway. No single route in the United States (except in Alaska) has been designated, much less marked, as the U.S. portion of the Pan-American Highway. However, I-25 is labeled as the Pan-American freeway in states such as New Mexico and Colorado. According to the federal Department of Transportation, the Interstate Highway System is the United States' section of the highway. In Canada
13857-716: The hiring of Michael Schumacher and Jean Todt ), and the production of three more flagship cars: the F50 , the Enzo , and the LaFerrari . In addition to his leadership of Ferrari, Montezemolo was also the chairman of Fiat proper between 2004 and 2010. After Montezemolo resigned, he was replaced in quick succession by many new chairmen and CEOs. He was succeeded first by Sergio Marchionne , who would oversee Ferrari's initial public offering and subsequent spin-off from Fiat Chrysler Automobiles , and then by Louis Camilleri as CEO and John Elkann as chairman. Beginning in 2021, Camilleri
14006-499: The increasing scarcity of eligible vehicles, and of the effect of modern rallies like the Gumball 3000 . The 2007 event, according to Eduardo de León Camargo (President emeritus of La Carrera Panamericana), was the largest recreation to date. More than 100 teams participated in seven days of racing from October 26 to November 1 inclusive, with an additional pre-qualifying stage held outside Oaxaca on Thursday October 25. Cars competed in
14155-525: The independence of Panama in 1903, when work on the canal began. The concept of building a highway, rather than a railroad, emerged at the Fifth International Conference of American States in 1923, after the automobile and other vehicles had begun to replace railroads for both passenger and goods transportation. The first conference regarding construction of the highway occurred on October 5, 1925. Finally, on July 29, 1937, in
14304-403: The late 1960s, when it was outclassed by teams using the inexpensive, well-engineered Cosworth DFV engine. The team's performance improved markedly in the mid-1970s thanks to Niki Lauda , whose skill behind the wheel granted Ferrari a drivers' title in 1975 and 1977; similar success was accomplished in following years by the likes of Jody Scheckter and Gilles Villeneuve . The team also won
14453-596: The late 1990s. Such private teams as the American Risi Competizione and Italian AF Corse teams have been very successful with Ferrari GT racers over the years. This car, made for endurance sportscar racing to compete against such racing versions of the Audi R8 , McLaren MP4-12C , and BMW Z4 (E89) has proven to be successful, but not as successful as its predecessor, the F430 . The Ferrari Challenge
14602-693: The latter years of the Great Depression , Argentina , Bolivia , Chile , Colombia , Costa Rica , El Salvador , Guatemala , Honduras , Mexico , Nicaragua , Panama , Peru , Canada , and the United States signed the Convention on the Pan-American Highway , whereby they agreed to achieve speedy construction, by all adequate means. Thirteen years later, in 1950, Mexico became the first Latin American country to complete its portion of
14751-505: The letter "F" to the beginning of all models (a practice abandoned after the F512 M and F355 , but adopted again with the F430 , but not with its successor, the Ferrari 458 ). Ferrari's symbol is the "Prancing Horse" ( Italian : Cavallino Rampante , lit. ' little prancing horse ' ), a prancing black horse on a yellow background. Minor details of its appearance have changed many times, but its shape has remained consistent: it
14900-453: The main Mexican route and its spurs, as well as to key routes in Canada that link to the Alaska Highway. These include the following: Several North American routes have names that make no direct reference to the Pan-American Highway, in part because some sections follow highways that are not up to full freeway standard. The official route of the Pan-American Highway through Mexico (where it
15049-607: The most popular shapes are the 1953/54 Studebaker Starliner hardtops and Starlight pillared coupes, originally designed by a team led by famed industrial designer Raymond Loewy , because of their exceptional aerodynamics. This is best proven by the fact that as of 2016, out of 29 modern-era races, 22 have been won by Studebakers. Other common European entries include Alfa Romeo Giuliettas , Jaguar E-types , Porsche 356s & 911s . Rarer cars included Saab 96s , Volvo PV544s , and Jaguar MkII saloons. Porsche 911 and classic Ford Mustangs are extremely popular cars. However, despite
15198-554: The north, to the southern cities of Puerto Montt and Quellón in Chile , and Ushuaia in Argentina . The highway was built in stages. The first, not long after one could drive across the United States on a paved road, was the highway from Laredo, Texas , to Mexico City . The second stage was the Inter-American Highway to Panama City ; previously there were no roads, and little commerce between most Central American countries. There
15347-557: The only person to ever win twice in the same category in the original race. However, the race was marred by the death of a number of competitors. The co-driver and pacenote systems championed by the Mercedes teams of the previous year were vindicated by the failure of an alternative contemporary system used by some other works drivers, notably those of Lancia who in 1953 year had entered five cars; three 3.3-litre D24s for Felice Bonetto , Juan Manuel Fangio and Piero Taruffi , winner of
15496-529: The other four signed to other teams. Non-graduate drivers have participated in racing development, filled consultant roles, or left the Academy to continue racing in lower-tier formulae. Aside from an abortive effort in 1940, Ferrari began racing sports cars in 1947, when the 125 S won six out of the ten races it participated in. Ferrari continued to see similar luck in the years to follow: by 1957, just ten years after beginning to compete, Ferrari had won three World Sportscar Championships , seven victories in
15645-474: The present day. Current Ferrari road cars typically use V8 or V12 engines, with V8 models making up over half of the marque's total production. For a time, Ferrari built 2+2 versions of its mid-engined V8 cars. Although they looked quite different from their 2-seat counterparts, both the GT4 and Mondial were closely related to the 308 GTB. The company has also produced several front-engined 2+2 cars, culminating in
15794-453: The punishing course. Six-point roll cages , racing seats, fire-suppression systems, and fuel cells are required in most classes. Drivers and navigators are required to wear two- or three-layer fire-resistant suits, HANS devices, and label their helmets, uniforms, and respective sides of the car with their blood types and allergies. The above is a clue as to what separates the Panamericana from other modern, re-creations of road races. It remains
15943-436: The race and Mercedes-Benz sent a highly organized team of drivers, mechanics, and 300 SLs . Karl Kling and Herman Lang finished first and second, and a 1-2-3 finish may have been the final result had American John Fitch not been disqualified for permitting a mechanic to touch his car on the second to last day. American Chuck Stevenson won the touring car class in a Lincoln Capri , his first of two consecutive victories in
16092-478: The race by Mexico City's El Universal newspaper, who called the race a "crime", and by a government official who stated the race was "an imitation of North American customs not suited to Mexican characteristics." 4 people were killed during this edition of the Carrera Panamericana: in addition to Panini, Estrada and González's deaths, the mayor of Oaxaca, Lorenzo Mayoral Lemus, lost his life during
16241-526: The race would not be immediately forgotten. Despite their models being small and often quite underpowered (especially with regard to American and other German opponents) Porsche enjoyed some success in the race, mainly class wins. A 550 Spyder won the Small Sports Car category in 1953. Later, some Porsche road cars were named Carrera after this race (in the same theme as the Targas named after
16390-715: The race, and the presence of President of the Mexican Motorsports Federation, José Sánchez Jassen, and President of the Mexican Rally Commission, Rafael Machado. During the conference announcing the route, special mention was reserved for the efforts of Mexican law enforcement in general and of the Highway Patrol in particular, under the command of Comandante Julio Cesar Tovar, and to thank Mexican Federal, State and Municipal authorities for collaborating to ensure smooth running of
16539-406: The race. Controversially, in recognition of the high value of some of the supercars thus allowed to run, organizers of the race foresee the need to allow case-by-case exceptions from the race's normal safety equipment rules. The class is intended to raise the race's profile beyond a market elderly enough to recall the original four races, to ensure the survival of the event. Also, it is a reflection of
16688-505: The race. Unlike more compact circuits, the long stage sections were impossible to secure entirely, making it possible for crashes to linger for several hours before being noticed. During the years the race was originally held, racing automobile technology and performance advanced quickly and racing speeds almost doubled as a result. Despite the increased speed, safety controls remained static and competitors, spectators and safety control personnel alike became casualties. Despite being abandoned,
16837-409: The recent V12 model Lusso and V8 models Roma , Portofino and Lusso T . The California is credited with initiating the popular current model line of V8 front-engined 2+2 grand touring performance sports cars. Starting in the early 2010s with the LaFerrari , Ferrari shifted its focus away from using independent coachbuilders, most notably Pininfarina , to instead relying on in-house design from
16986-679: The route follows Alaska Route 2 southeast to the Canada–United States border southeast of Northway , Alaska, and adjacent to the Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge . In Canada, no particular road has been officially designated as the Pan-American Highway. The National Highway System , which includes but is not limited to the Trans-Canada Highway , is the country's only official inter-provincial highway system. However, several Canadian highways are
17135-439: The second half of the decade, Ferrari also produced two cars that upended its more traditional models: the 1967 Dino 206 GT , which was its first mass-produced mid-engined road car, and the 1968 365 GTB/4 , which possessed streamlined styling that modernised Ferrari's design language. The Dino in particular was a decisive movement away from the company's conservative engineering approach, where every road-going Ferrari featured
17284-573: The second way. The second way goes to Calgary and the US border. In 1966, the U.S. Federal Highway Administration designated the entire Interstate Highway System as part of the Pan-American Highway System, but this has not been expressed in any of the official interstate signage. Of the many freeways that make up this very comprehensive system, several are notable because of their mainly north–south orientation and their links to
17433-590: The shattered windscreen, Klenk ordered Kling to maintain speed, and held on until a tire change almost 70 km (43 mi) later to clean himself and the car up. For extra protection, eight vertical steel bars were bolted over the new windscreen. Kling and Klenk also discussed the species and size of the dead bird, agreeing that had had a minimum 115-centimetre (45 in) wingspan and weighed as much as five fattened geese. Klenk used pre-prepared 'pace-notes' to identify and communicate upcoming road bends in rapid shorthand to Kling. This system proved so effective that it
17582-480: The shores of Lake Managua . From Managua south to the town of Jinotepe is about 50 km (31 mi), and Jinotepe to the town of Rivas is about 70 km (43 mi). Around this area the Highway is in view of Lake Nicaragua , which is the largest lake in Central America. From Rivas to the Nicaragua-Costa Rica border is about 35 km (22 mi). In Costa Rica, the Pan-American Highway
17731-422: The small town of Juchitán de Zaragoza on that same first stage between Tuxtla Guitierrez and Oaxaca. Of the 9 fatalities in this running of this most famous Mexican road races, 8 of them were on the same stage on the same day. The exception was Bonetto's accident, which happened on the fourth stage. By 1954 the race had shifted from a largely amateurish basis to become a highly professional endeavor. The final stage
17880-459: The sports categories, and the Americans the stock. Large Sports Cars was won by Juan Manuel Fangio of Argentina in a Lancia, Small Sports Cars by José Herrarte from Guatemala in a Porsche. Large Stock Cars was won by Chuck Stevenson of the United States in a Lincoln and Small Stock Cars by C.D. Evans (again of the U.S.) in an ordinary six cylinder Chevrolet. Stevenson has the distinction of being
18029-763: The state of Chiapas where the Highway crosses the Continental Divide . From the Oaxaca-Chiapas state border, it is 160 km (99 mi) to the Chiapas state capital of Tuxtla Gutiérrez . The Highway then crosses the Mexico-Guatemala border at Ciudad Cuauhtémoc . The Pan-American (or Inter-American) highway passes through the Central American countries with the highway designation of CA-1 (Central American Highway 1). Belize
18178-509: The style of the recreated Mille Miglia. However, since 2012 the race cars' top speed is limited to 144 mph on the closed-road sections, by restricting the engine's RPM (engine revolutions per minutes) by a chip in the electric ignition, and additional safety measures have been required. The 2006 event started in Veracruz on the Gulf of Mexico coast, pulling in at Mexico City's CP circuit as
18327-491: The suffix Inter was added, inspired by the Scuderia Inter racing team of Igor Troubetzkoy. Popular at that time 166 -series had 2.0 L (1,995.02 cc) engines with 166.25 cc of unitary displacement and a very diverse 250 -series had 3.0 L (2,953.21 cc) of total displacement and 246.10 cc of unitary. Later series of road cars were renamed Europa and top-of-the-line series America and Superamerica. Until
18476-433: The team then tuned and adjusted to their desired specifications. Scuderia Ferrari was highly successful in the 1930s: between 1929 and 1937 the team fielded such top drivers as Antonio Ascari , Giuseppe Campari , and Tazio Nuvolari , and won 144 out of its 225 races. Ferrari returned to Grand Prix racing in 1947, which was at that point metamorphosing into modern-day Formula One. The team's first homebuilt Grand Prix car,
18625-399: The usual ten classes along a 3,100-kilometre (1,900 mi) course starting in Oaxaca. From there, the route led the convoy in day-long sections consecutively between Tehuacán , Puebla , Querétaro , Morelia , Aguascalientes , Zacatecas and Nuevo Laredo . As the 20th anniversary of the race's recreation, 2007 saw Mr. de León gave thanks to the committee which has for 19 years organized
18774-565: The village of Silao , he encountered a dip in the pavement at excessive speed and impacted a building, killing him instantly. The 1953 running was the bloodiest year of the Carrera Panamericana. In addition to Bonetto's death- 8 other people were killed in unrelated accidents, including an incident where 6 spectators were killed by a flipping car. On the first stage between the cities of Tuxtla Gutiérrez and Oaxaca, American Bob Christie, with his mechanic Kenneth Wood, failed to make
18923-495: The villages of Fireside and Coal River , then runs east parallel to the Liard River . The Pan-American Highway continues on B.C. Highway 97 as it passes through Toad River Post , and then Summit Lake, which is nested between Stone Mountain and Mount Saint George. Further down the road, B.C. Highway 97 intersects with B.C. Highway 77; the Pan-American Highway continues along B.C. 97 east to Fort Nelson . From Fort Nelson,
19072-461: The vintage appearance of the cars, often they conceal underpinnings more closely related to modern NASCAR entries. Tuned V8 engines of more than 500 PS (370 kW; 490 hp) are common, especially in the American cars, and the cars are often created especially for this race and usually ineligible for true vintage events elsewhere. Even less modified cars often have modern disc brakes at all four corners and coolant upgrades to help them survive
19221-447: The world representing virtually every motor sport : Formula One, sports cars, rallying, stock cars, endurance racing, hill climbing, and drag racing. Because it started at the border with Texas, it was especially attractive to all types of American race drivers from Indy cars to NASCAR . Bill France , the founder of NASCAR , was there for the first race as well as later races. The Mexican government's representatives worked closely with
19370-492: The world. The Pan-American Highway continues south to Mexico City along two separate routes; historic Mexican Federal Highway 1 and toll Mexican Federal Highway 1D via Baja California Peninsula or Mexican Federal Highway 2 via the mainland. The Pan-American Highway (as Mexico Highway 85D) enters Mexico City, but downtown Mexico City can be bypassed using Mexico Highway 136 (a divided limited-access route) and Mexico Highway 115, which reconnects to Mexico Highway 95D south of
19519-438: Was 150,000 pesos (around $ 17,200 U.S. dollars). Though less powerful than its big Lincoln and Cadillac competitors, the car was substantially lighter. This meant that it would eventually pull away from them on the steep, winding course. The car's light weight gave it another advantage: it was much easier to stop, meaning that McGriff finished the race on his original brake shoes when the big cars were re-shoeing every night. This
19668-489: Was also highly active in sports car racing , where its cars took many wins in races such as the Mille Miglia , Targa Florio and 24 Hours of Le Mans , as well as several overall victories in the World Sportscar Championship . Scuderia Ferrari fans, commonly called tifosi , are known for their passion and loyalty to the team. Ferrari is one of the world's strongest brands , and it maintains
19817-449: Was broken by Ford in 1966, and though Ferrari would win two more WSC titles—one in 1967 and another in 1972 —poor revenue allocation, combined with languishing performance in Formula One, led the company to cease competing in sports car events in 1973. From that point onward, Ferrari would help prepare sports racing cars for privateer teams, but would not race them itself. In 2023, Ferrari reentered prototype sports car racing. For
19966-480: Was built from an identical coupe from somewhere within Cadillac's own inventory. The 331-cubic-inch 270 hp (200 kW) V8 was enlarged to 398-cubic-inches, with higher 10.5:1 compression bringing output to 375 hp (280 kW) and 400 lb⋅ft (540 N⋅m) of torque, and certain safety improvements included. The car was reunited with Blu Plemons, the co-driver of the original (the driver, Keith Anderson,
20115-420: Was especially dominant in the 2004 season , where it lost only three races. After Schumacher's departure, Ferrari won one more drivers' title—given in 2007 to Kimi Räikkönen —and two constructors' titles in 2007 and 2008. These are the team's most recent titles to date; as of late, Ferrari has struggled to outdo recently ascendant teams such as Red Bull and Mercedes-Benz . Ferrari's junior driver programme
20264-426: Was important because neither McGriff nor his co-driver were capable of even basic car maintenance. McGriff also noted that the control afforded by his manual gearbox gave him a significant advantage the last day on the gravel roads in Chiapas, when he finally passed the Cadillac leading the race. The final miles to the finish were run without oil due to bottoming out the oil pans leaving the engine smoking and rattling to
20413-419: Was killed in practice for the 1957 Indy 500 ) at the starting line. Among the nine other entries in the "Original Pan-Am" class were four Lincolns, including a 1949 model that contested the original Pan-Am. 2006 also saw the debut of a 'modern' category, with the sole entry of a Lotus Elise ('Chica Loca') run by Rachel Larratt. This class, called Unlimited, allows machines manufactured after 1990 to compete in
20562-402: Was more than an hour faster than Klenk/Kling in their Mercedes W194 2 years earlier. Even with the route shortened by 160 km (100 mi) for 1951 onwards, speeds had gone up more than 50 percent over 4 years. Phil Hill won second place in earlier Ferrari 375 MM with Ray Crawford winning the stock car class in a Lincoln. Two new classes were in effect in 1954; the European stock car class
20711-498: Was no road between Costa Rica and Panama until, concerned about access to the Panama Canal in a war situation, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers began a highway in 1941. The third stage, which has not been completed and may never be, continues onward to the southern tip of South America at Tierra del Fuego National Park , near Ushuaia, Argentina . Both Panama and Colombia, as well as environmentalists, are opposed to building
20860-408: Was replaced as CEO by Benedetto Vigna , who has announced plans to develop Ferrari's first fully electric model. During this period, Ferrari has expanded its production, owing to a global increase in wealth, while becoming more selective with its licensing deals. Since the company's beginnings, Ferrari has been involved in motorsport. Through its works team , Scuderia Ferrari , it has competed in
21009-455: Was replaced in 1991 by Luca Cordero di Montezemolo , under whose 23-year-long chairmanship the company greatly expanded. Between 1991 and 2014, he increased the profitability of Ferrari's road cars nearly tenfold, both by increasing the range of cars offered and through limiting the total number produced. Montezemolo's chairmanship also saw an expansion in licensing deals, a drastic improvement in Ferrari's Formula One performance (not least through
21158-427: Was successful on two wheels, winning three national titles and 44 overall victories, it was eventually pushed out of the discipline both by the obsolescence of pushrod motorcycle engines and broader economic troubles stemming from the Great Depression . Ferrari formerly participated in a variety of non-F1 open-wheel series. As early as 1948, Ferrari had developed cars for Formula Two and Formula Libre events, and
21307-426: Was supposedly included in the route at one time, after it switched to driving on the right. Prior to independence, as British Honduras, it was the only Central American country to drive on the left side of the road. Upon crossing into Guatemala, Mexico Highway 190 becomes Central America Highway 1 and continues for about 80 km (50 mi) from the border village of La Mesilla to the city of Huehuetenango near
21456-487: Was the 2008 SP1 , commissioned by a Japanese business executive. The second was the P540 Superfast Aperta , commissioned by an American collector. The following is a list of Special Projects cars that have been made public: An F430 Spider that runs on ethanol was displayed at the 2008 Detroit Auto Show . At the 2010 Geneva Motor Show , Ferrari unveiled a hybrid version of their flagship 599 . Called
21605-718: Was the 2010 Millechili . A number of one-off special versions of Ferrari road cars have also been produced, commissioned to coachbuilders by wealthy owners. Examples include the P4/5 and the 612 Kappa . The Special Projects programme, also called the Portfolio Coachbuilding Programme, was launched in 2008 as a way to revive the tradition of past one-off and limited production coachbuilt Ferrari models, allowing clients to work with Ferrari and top Italian coachbuilders to create bespoke bodied models based on modern Ferrari road cars. Engineering and design
21754-467: Was to accommodate the huge number of participants and the diverse breeds of cars within the race. This race, like the subsequent running of the Carrera Panamericana was to be the last round of the 1953 World Sportscar Championship season. Both Lincoln and Lancia came to the race highly organized and both factories swept 1-2-3 finishes in their respective categories. The Mercedes team did not return because of its focus on Formula One. The Europeans dominated
21903-486: Was trying to overtake Panini in a Jaguar, as Unser related in his book Winners Are Driven: A Champion's Guide to Success in Business & Life : On the second day, we were in seventeenth and coming up to pass the car of millionaire Carlos Panini and his daughter, Terresita. She was the registered driver. However, Carlos was behind the wheel instead and was in ill health. He shouldn't have been driving. He didn't even have
22052-668: Was won by Sanesi, of Italy, in an Alfa Romeo and the small U.S. stock car class was won by Tommy Drisdale in a Dodge. Californian hot rod pioneer Ak Miller (born Arkton Moeller in Denmark, not to be confused with A. K. Miller ) became famous by winning fifth place in his Oldsmobile powered 1927 Ford body on a 1950 Ford frame, "El Caballo del Hierro" (the iron horse), nicknamed by Mexicans as "El Ensalada" (the salad). The race, however, lived up to its bloody reputation – seven people were killed during this event: four competitors, two spectators, and one team crew member. Due to safety concerns and
22201-401: Was won by eventual race winner Umberto Maglioli in a Ferrari 375 Plus at an average speed of 222 kilometres per hour (138 mph) over the 365 kilometres (227 mi) stage. Maglioli would win this race with a combined time of 17 hours and 40 minutes. In comparison, McGriff had won the 1950 race with a combined time of 27 hours and 34 minutes, almost ten hours slower than Maglioli. Maglioli
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