Misplaced Pages

#935064

27-607: After leaving the Jackson Automobile Company due to a disagreement with his business partners over the choice of transmissions in 1905, Byron J. Carter formed the Motorcar Company in Jackson. The firm relocated to Detroit by the end of the year, due to having financing there. Starting in 1907, the company was named Cartercar Company and was relocated to Pontiac, thereupon merging with the makers of

54-455: A Cartercar." Jackson Automobile Company The Jackson Automobile Company was an American Brass Era automobile manufacturer located in and named for Jackson, Michigan . The company produced the Jackson from 1903 to 1923, the 1903 Jaxon steam car and the 1904 Orlo. Byron J. Carter operated a steam driven press and was a rubber stamp manufacturer. In 1894 Carter went into

81-480: A disagreement with his partners, who did not wish to use the friction drive transmission he had developed. After Carter left, Jackson automobiles lacked any distinct feature, but they were well-built and long-lasting. In 1910, Matthews bought out Lewis, leaving him as the sole remaining partner. Lewis left to start the Hollier car. Matthews installed his sons in the president, secretary and treasurer positions within

108-478: A multiple metal disc type clutch running in an oil bath, with the smaller horsepower cars using the more standard leather faced cone clutches. The 1921 Princess Coupe was a hit at the Chicago Auto Show , but obtaining credit was difficult during that year's recession . Carter further developed his automobile, eventually patenting a 3-cylinder steam engine of 6 horsepower . This became the basis of

135-565: A partnership with his father selling bicycles. By 1899 he built his first gasoline automobile but focused on steam cars. By 1901 his steam car was being manufactured by the Michigan Automobile Company in Kalamazoo. A year later, Carter returned to Jackson after inventing and patenting a three-cylinder six-horsepower steam engine. Carter partnered with George A. Matthews, a buggy manufacturer and Charles Lewis, president of

162-439: A top speed of 75 miles an hour and was able to run continuously at this speed stopping only for tires and gas. Carter left the company in 1905 because his partners did not wish to pursue his friction drive idea. Carter went on to build the friction drive Cartercar . During World War I , car production at the firm declined by more than half, since the company was producing materiel for the war effort . For 1919, all production

189-421: Is 'sleeving' the cylinder— boring it and then installing a sleeve in the extra space created by the boring. Most engines use 'dry liners', where the liner is surrounded by the engine block and does not make contact with the coolant. However, cylinders with 'wet liners' are used in some water-cooled engines, especially French designs. The wet liners are formed separately from the main casting so that liquid coolant

216-412: Is the space through which the piston travels, propelled by the energy generated from the combustion of the air/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. In an air-cooled engine , the walls of the cylinders are exposed to the airflow, to provide the primary method of cooling to the engine. Most air-cooled engines have cooling fins on the cylinders and each cylinder has a separate case in order to maximise

243-503: The National of Indianapolis. Production ceased in 1924. Cylinder (engine) In a reciprocating engine , the cylinder is the space in which a piston travels. The inner surface of the cylinder is formed from either a thin metallic liner (also called "sleeve") or a surface coating applied to the engine block. A piston is seated inside each cylinder by several metal piston rings , which also provide seals for compression and

270-517: The Pontiac High wheeler . The Cartercar was given a warm reception in the press, largely due to the friction drive transmission , which was a sort of forerunner of the CVT of today, as both offered an infinite number of engine speeds. At 4,000 miles, the paper fiber rims that were part of the friction-drive could be replaced for no more than US$ 5 ($ 170 in 2023 dollars ), which was less than half

297-602: The Wheeler-Schebler Trophy Race which was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway before the first Indianapolis 500. The first race held in 1909 was originally scheduled for 300 miles but was ended at 235 miles because of the deteriorating track conditions. Out of 19 starters only five remained at the end of 200 miles and when the race was stopped, Jackson had a lead of more than two miles ahead of its nearest competitor. In 1910

SECTION 10

#1732783020936

324-408: The engine block to form the inner wall of the cylinder. Alternatively, an engine can be 'sleeveless', where the cylinder walls are formed by the engine block with a wear-resistant coating, such as Nikasil or plasma-sprayed bores. During use, the cylinder liner is subject to wear from the rubbing action of the piston rings and piston skirt. This wear is minimized by the thin oil film which coats

351-432: The 1903 Jaxon automobile. All Jaxons were steam-powered, with the Jackson name reserved for the gasoline-powered cars. There were two models on offer: the $ 975 Model A riding on a 72" wheelbase, and the $ 800 Model B on a 7" shorter wheelbase. Production lasted 1 year. Advertisements proclaimed that "steam is reliable and easily understood". The Orlo was built only in 1904. The Orlo was a five-seat side-entrance model that

378-494: The Jackson Back Seat Steer. This gives new meaning to the term "back seat driver" because this is the actual location of the steering controls. The company probably introduced the car to see if having a car with the passengers seated in the front seat would be a winning sales proposition. Since this car was only around in 1913, it is not likely that there were many purchasers. Jackson did well in racing and won

405-691: The Lewis Spring Axle Company, and the Jackson Automobile Company was incorporated in 1903. Full production started in 1903 with a single- cylinder engine car that closely resembled the Oldsmobile Curved Dash . The cylinder count in the engines doubled the next year, and doubled again in 1906. Not long after full production started, Carter left the firm to create the Cartercar . He left due to

432-544: The Self-Starter (introduced in 1912), the first successful motor vehicle electric starting system, thus eliminating the dangerous crank. An ad for the 1912 Cartercar states that it includes a self-starter. Because its friction-drive transmission allowed selection of any ratio rather than having fixed gear positions, the Cartercar was advertised as "The Car of a Thousand Speeds." Another ad touted "It's Hard to Improve

459-633: The Wheeler-Schebler Trophy Race was again held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. The winner was a specially designed six cylinder car built exclusively for racing and the Jackson stock model finishing second. The first Indianapolis 500 was held in 1911 and 46 cars entered. 25 of which had larger end engines than the Jackson entry. The four cylinder 559 cubic inch engine Jackson came in 10th overall beating out 16 cars with larger engines. The Jackson had

486-514: The company. The engines used by the company continued to grow, with a Northway six-cylinder engine becoming available in 1913, and a Ferro V8 available in 1916. Later cars resembled the contemporary Rolls-Royce . Indeed, the company used the phrase "The Car with the Keystone Radiator" in advertisements. Jackson also produced their own engines with valves in the cylinder heads and overhead camshaft . By 1912 larger vehicles used

513-428: The cylinder walls and also by a layer of glaze which naturally forms as the engine is run-in. On some engines, the cylinder liner is replaceable, in case it becomes worn or damaged. On engines without replaceable sleeves, the cylinder can sometimes be repaired by boring out the existing liner to produce a new smooth and round surface (although the diameter of the cylinder is slightly increased). Another repair technique

540-547: The factory instead to produce the Oakland . The company began with a flat-twin engine ; this was used alongside vertical fours in the 1909 range of cars. By 1910, four-cylinder engines were the sole motor available. Two models, both pair-cast fours, appeared in 1912; the Model ;R was 4160 cc, while the Model S was 5437 cc. Each had a single chain drive. Even though there were other friction-drive cars on

567-435: The lubricating oil. The piston rings do not actually touch the cylinder walls, instead they ride on a thin layer of lubricating oil. The cylinder in a steam engine is made pressure-tight with end covers and a piston; a valve distributes the steam to the ends of the cylinder. Cylinders were cast in cast iron and later in steel. The cylinder casting can include other features such as valve ports and mounting feet. The cylinder

SECTION 20

#1732783020936

594-471: The market at the time, such as Lambert , Metz , and Petrel, none of them lasted as long or were as famous as the Cartercar. Tragedy struck when Byron Carter died in 1908 as a result of trying to start a stalled car; the crank kicked back and hit him in the jaw, causing gangrene which ultimately proved fatal. Carter was a personal friend of Cadillac founder Henry Leland , and his unfortunate death prompted Leland to urge Charles Kettering 's development of

621-502: The price that would be expended on grease packing in a regular geared transmission. Sales more than doubled between the first and second full years of production, from 101 in 1906 to 264 in 1907. The next year sales were up again, now at 325. On October 26, 1909, Cartercar was bought by General Motors in the acquisition spree that William Durant went on after founding GM. In explaining the reason he purchased Cartercar, Durant said: "They say I shouldn't have bought Cartercar. Well, how

648-437: The surface area available for cooling. In engines where the cylinders are removable from the engine block, a removable single cylinder is called a jug. For motorcycle engines, a "reverse cylinder engine" is where the intake ports are on the front side of each cylinder, and the exhaust ports are on the rear side of each cylinder. Cylinder liners (also known as sleeves) are thin metal cylinder-shaped parts which are inserted into

675-477: Was anyone to know that Carter wasn't to be the thing? It had the friction drive and no other car had it. How could I tell what these engineers would say next?" Durant lost control of GM in 1910, and by the time he had regained control in 1915, the GM board had already decided to discontinue the Cartercar, largely because sales never approached the 1000-2000 annually that Durant had predicted. The GM board decided to use

702-415: Was equipped with a 16/17 hp two-cylinder engine. The engine was located under the front seat and the drive was through a chain drive . The engine was water-cooled by a finned-coil mounted beneath the front of the bonnet. The Orlo cost $ 1,125. There is some debate over whether this is actually a different marque of automobile produced by the company or just a Jackson model. It was also referred to as

729-417: Was geared to military supplies. Many Jackson dealers at this time converted to Jordan dealerships. When car production resumed in 1920, the cars apparently were not as good as previously. One assembly line worker said that the company engineer "should have raised chickens instead". By 1923 the newly formed Associated Motors Industries absorbed the Jackson Automobile Company, Dixie Flyer of Louisville and

#935064