Chiffon ( French: [ʃi.fɔ̃] ; English: / ʃ ɪ ˈ f ɒ n / , shif- ON , from the French word chiffe which means "cloth or rag"; is a lightweight, balanced plain-woven sheer fabric , or gauze, like gossamer , woven of alternate S- and Z-twist crepe (high-twist) yarns. Crepe yarn tends to have a tighter twist than standard yarns. The twist in the crepe yarns puckers the fabric slightly in both directions after weaving, giving it some stretch and a slightly rough feel.
36-536: Cartland may refer to: People [ edit ] Barbara Cartland (1901–2000), English author, known for her numerous romance novels George Cartland (1912–2008), the only deputy-governor of Uganda; later Vice-Chancellor of the University of Tasmania Michael David Cartland (born 1945), the Secretary for Financial Services of Hong Kong during British rule in
72-598: A Debretts publisher, and Glen McCorquodale (born 1939), a stockbroker. Cartland maintained a long friendship with Lord Mountbatten of Burma , whose death in 1979 she said was the "greatest sadness of my life". Mountbatten supported Cartland in her charitable works, particularly for United World Colleges , and even helped her write her book Love at the Helm , providing background naval and historical information. The Mountbatten Memorial Trust, established by Mountbatten's great-nephew Charles, Prince of Wales , after Mountbatten
108-619: A Member of Parliament (MP) who served as an army major in World War II (1907–1940), and James Anthony "Tony" Hamilton Cartland (1912–1940). Both were killed in war conflict in Flanders. Though she was born into upper middle-class comfort, the Cartland family's finances rapidly deteriorated shortly after her birth. Cartland would later attribute this downturn to the suicide of her paternal grandfather, James Cartland, who, she stated,
144-808: A British Army officer from Scotland and heir to a printing fortune. They divorced in 1933, and he died from heart failure in 1964. Their daughter, Raine McCorquodale (9 September 1929 – 21 October 2016), who Cartland later alleged was the daughter of George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 5th Duke of Sutherland , or Prince George, Duke of Kent , became "Deb of the Year" in 1947. After the McCorquodales' divorce in 1933, which involved charges and counter charges of infidelity, Cartland married her ex-husband's cousin, Hugh McCorquodale, on 28 December 1936. Cartland and her second husband, who died in 1963, had two sons: Ian Hamilton McCorquodale (11 October 1937 – 10 February 2023),
180-493: A Guards officer, when she learned about sexual intercourse . This fits with her image in later life as a member of a generation for whom such matters were never discussed, but sits uneasily with her having produced work in the 1920s which was controversial at the time for its sexual subject matter. She claimed to have declined 49 marriage proposals before marrying Captain Alexander "Sachie" George McCorquodale, on 23 April 1927,
216-589: A gross estate of £1,139,123, but following debts and liabilities, the net sum was nil. She had once admitted: "I have no idea what I make....Occasionally I ask, 'Are we in debt?' We always are." Cartland left behind a series of 160 unpublished novels, known as the Barbara Cartland Pink Collection . These were published in ebook format by her son, Ian McCorquodale; each month, a new novel was published from that collection until, in 2018, all 160 novels had been published. In 2010, to mark
252-574: A guide to married life in the 1950s, which was banned in Ireland. Despite their tame story lines, Cartland's later novels were highly successful. By 1983, she rated the longest entry in Who's Who (though most of that article was a list of her books), and she was named the top-selling author in the world by the Guinness Book of Records . Additionally, in 1976, Cartland wrote 23 novels, earning her
288-512: A heritage Blue Plaque which is also a monument honouring her literary career. Cartland died in her sleep on 21 May 2000, at her residence, Camfield Place, near Hatfield, Hertfordshire at the age of 98. She had been suffering from ill health and dementia for six months beforehand, and was subsequently bedridden and sequestered. Both of her sons, Ian and Glen McCorquodale, were present at her bedside when she died. Shortly afterwards, Cartland's daughter from her first marriage, Raine, travelled to
324-461: A mainstay of the popular media in her trademark pink dresses and plumed hats, discoursing on matters of love, marriage, politics, religion, health, and fashion. She was publicly opposed to the removal of prayer from state schools, and spoke against infidelity and divorce, although she admitted to being acquainted with both of these subjects. Privately, Cartland took an interest in the early gliding movement and in 1931, with two RAF officers "designed
360-650: A preface by the Prime Minister , Winston Churchill . The war marked the beginning of a lifelong interest in civic welfare and politics for Cartland, who served the War Office in various charitable capacities as well as the St John Ambulance Brigade . In 1953, she was invested at Buckingham Palace as a Commander of the Order of St John of Jerusalem for her services. In 1955, Cartland
396-491: Is a light-weight fabric which frays easily, bound or French seams must be used to stop the fabric from fraying. Early chiffon was made purely from silk and was very expensive; when used in fashion, it was associated with high status. Silk chiffon displays colours beautifully since silk fibres absorb dyes well. Chiffon also drapes well, adding structure to the clothing item it is formed into. Silk chiffon needs to be dry cleaned . In China , silk chiffon made of raw silk
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#1732790323072432-526: Is a lightweight fabric which is associated with elegance and luxury; it drapes well and has a shimmery and sheer appearance. Under a magnifying glass, chiffon resembles a fine net or mesh, which gives it some transparency. Chiffon can be produced out of natural or synthetic fibres. Silk chiffon was very expensive, and it is with the development of synthetic chiffon, such as nylon chiffon, polyester chiffon, and rayon chiffon, that chiffon became more accessible and more popular for common usage. Since chiffon
468-531: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Barbara Cartland Dame Mary Barbara Hamilton Cartland , DBE , DStJ (9 July 1901 – 21 May 2000), known as the Queen of Romance , was an English writer who published both contemporary and historical romance novels, the latter set primarily during the Victorian or Edwardian period . Cartland
504-993: Is one of the best-selling authors worldwide of the 20th century. Many of her novels have been adapted into films for television including A Hazard of Hearts , A Ghost in Monte Carlo and Duel of Hearts . Her novels have been translated from English into numerous languages, making Cartland the fifth most translated author worldwide , excluding biblical works. Her prolific output totals some 723 novels. Although best known for her romantic novels , she also wrote non-fiction titles including biographies, plays, music, verse, drama, operettas, and several health and cook books. She also contributed advice to TV audiences and newspaper magazine articles. She sold more than 750 million copies of her books, though other sources estimate her total sales at more than two billion. The covers of her novels featured portrait-style artwork, usually designed by Francis Marshall (1901–1980). Cartland
540-515: The Guinness World Record for the most novels written in a single year. The 1970s and 1980s were her most prolific period; she also regularly appeared on television in that era. In 2000, her publishers estimated that since her writing career began in 1923, Cartland had produced a total of 723 titles. In the mid-1990s, by which time she had sold over a billion books, Vogue called Cartland "the true Queen of Romance". She became
576-622: The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra in 1978, titled An Album of Love Songs released through State Records , and produced by Norman Newell . The album featured Cartland performing covers of a series of popular standards including "I'll Follow My Secret Heart" and " A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square ". In January 1988, Cartland received the Médaille de Vermeil de la Ville de Paris, the highest honour of
612-526: The 10th anniversary of her death, Cartland's first novel, Jig-Saw (first published in 1925), was reprinted. "As a tribute to Her Majesty the Queen on her Diamond Jubilee and to Barbara's enduring appeal to romantics everywhere, her publishers have re-released her catalogue collection, entitled – "The Eternal Collection". This collection, released beginning in November 2013, includes some novels published at
648-413: The 1990s Moses Austin Cartland (1805–1863), Quaker abolitionist Ronald Cartland (1907–1940), British Conservative Member of Parliament from 1935 until he was killed in action in 1940 Places [ edit ] Cartland, South Lanarkshire , Scotland See also [ edit ] Cartland Craigs , a woodland on the outskirts of Lanark, South Lanarkshire, Scotland Topics referred to by
684-520: The city of Paris, for publishing 25 million books in France. In 1991, Cartland was invested by Queen Elizabeth II as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in honour of the author's almost 70 years of literary, political, and social contributions. A waxwork of Cartland was on display at Madame Tussauds , though according to her son Ian, Cartland was displeased because it
720-486: The family home. After Cartland originally had decided she would like to be buried in her local parish church, featuring a coffin of marble construction, covered in angels, this was later changed; she was buried in a cardboard coffin, because of her concerns for environmental issues. She was interred at her private estate in Hatfield, Hertfordshire , under an oak that had been planted by Queen Elizabeth I . Cartland left
756-955: The first aircraft-towed airmail delivery glider"; she also arranged the first long-distance (200-mile [360 km]) tow. In 1984, she was awarded the Bishop Wright Air Industry Award for this contribution. She regularly attended Brooklands aerodrome and motor-racing circuit during the 1920s and 30s, and the Brooklands Museum has preserved a sitting-room from that era and named it after her. Cartland wrote several biographies of major figures, including Metternich: The Passionate Diplomat in 1964, The Outrageous Queen: A Biography of Christina of Sweden in 1956, The Private Life of Charles II: The Women He Loved in 1958, and Josephine, Empress of France in 1961. Her biography of Klemens von Metternich focused on his many love affairs and contained passages such as: "He
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#1732790323072792-412: The principal characters, and many of the incidents, derive directly from an early book of my own, entitled These Old Shades , first published in 1926. ... For minor situations and other characters she has drawn upon four of my other novels." Heyer completed a detailed analysis of the alleged plagiarisms for her solicitors, but the case never came to court. As well as writing novels, Cartland wrote
828-504: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Cartland . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cartland&oldid=1100370277 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
864-724: The time Queen Elizabeth II ascended to the throne in 1952. In addition, her collections of ebooks are available in Spanish, Italian, German and Dutch. BBC Four aired a biopic drama film, titled In Love with Barbara (26 October 2008), starring Anne Reid as Cartland and David Warner as Lord Mountbatten. The film was written by Jacquetta May . Her last project was to be filmed and interviewed for her life story (directed by Steven Glen for Blue Melon Films). The documentary, Virgins and Heroes , includes early home ciné footage and Dame Barbara launching her website with pink computers, in early 2000. Chiffon (fabric) Chiffon
900-462: Was a failure. In 1950, Cartland was accused of plagiarism by author Georgette Heyer , after a reader drew attention to the apparent borrowing of Heyer's character names, character traits, dialogue and plot points in Cartland's early historical romances. In particular, A Hazard of Hearts (1949) replicated characters (including names) from Heyer's Friday's Child (1944) and The Knave of Hearts (1950) which, Heyer alleged, "the conception ... ,
936-622: Was a financier who shot himself in the wake of bankruptcy. However, according to the entry in the probate registry, James Cartland, the proprietor of the brass foundry firm James Cartland & Son Ltd, left an estate of £92,000. This was followed soon afterwards by her father's death in Berry-au-Bac in World War I . Cartland's mother opened a London dry goods store to make ends meet, and to raise Cartland and her two brothers, both of whom were later killed in battle in 1940. Cartland
972-413: Was a virile, experienced and satisfying lover.... Even the most sophisticated women felt as if in his arms they learnt something they had never known before. Every woman rose with him to heights of emotional ecstasy beyond the power of expression." After the death of her brother Ronald Cartland during World War II , a Conservative Member of Parliament (MP), Cartland published a biography of him with
1008-542: Was also a businesswoman who was head of Cartland Promotions. She was a London society figure, often dressed in a pink chiffon gown, a plumed hat, blonde wig, and heavy make-up. Born at 31 Augustus Road, Edgbaston , Birmingham, Cartland was the only daughter and eldest child of an officer of the British Army , Major James Bertram "Bertie" Falkner Cartland (1876–1918), and his wife, Mary Hamilton Scobell, known as "Polly" (1877–1976). Cartland had two brothers: Ronald ,
1044-414: Was assassinated in Ireland, was the recipient of the proceeds of this book on its release in 1980. When Cartland learned that young Diana Spencer loved reading her novels, Cartland began to send early copies. However, as an adult, Diana, her step-granddaughter, did not invite Cartland to her wedding to Prince Charles. Cartland was later openly critical of Diana's divorce, though the rift between them
1080-584: Was banned by the Lord Chamberlain's Office . In the 1920s and 1930s, Cartland was a prominent young hostess in London society, noted for her beauty, energetic charm and daring parties. Her fashion sense also had a part, and she was one of the first clients of designer Norman Hartnell ; she remained a client until he died in 1979. He made her presentation and wedding dresses; the latter was made to her own design against Hartnell's wishes, and she admitted it
1116-675: Was educated at private girls' schools: The Alice Ottley School , Malvern Girls' College , and Abbey House, an educational institution in Hampshire . She became a successful society reporter after 1922, and a writer of romantic fiction; she stated she was inspired in her early work by the novels of the Edwardian author Elinor Glyn , whom she idolised and eventually befriended. According to an obituary published in The Daily Telegraph , Cartland broke off her first engagement, to
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1152-529: Was elected a councillor on Hertfordshire County Council as a Conservative and served for nine years. During this time she campaigned successfully for nursing home reform, improvement in the salaries of midwives and the legalisation of education for the children of Romani . A radio operetta , The Rose and the Violet , broadcast by the BBC in 1942, was composed by Mark Lubbock with book and lyrics by Cartland. It
1188-510: Was known as xiāo ( Chinese : 绡 ), which was also the name of raw silk. Chiffon could also be made out of cotton . In 1938, a nylon chiffon was invented; this was followed by the creation of polyester chiffon in 1958, which became immensely popular due to its resilience and low cost. Chiffon can also be produced out of rayon . In modern Western fashion, chiffon is most commonly used in evening wear, especially as an overlay, for giving an elegant and floating appearance to
1224-598: Was mended shortly before Diana's fatal car crash in Paris, in 1997. According to Tina Brown 's book on Diana, Cartland once remarked, "The only books Diana ever read were mine, and they weren't awfully good for her." After a year as a gossip columnist for the Daily Express , Cartland published her first novel, Jigsaw (1923), a risqué society thriller that became a bestseller. She also began writing and producing somewhat racy plays, one of which, Blood Money (1926),
1260-884: Was not "pretty enough". She was the subject of This Is Your Life on two occasions, in March 1958 when she was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at the BBC Television Theatre, and in December 1989, when Michael Aspel surprised her at Elstree Studios. As of 1996, Cartland holds the record for the most entries in the wider format of the biographic reference book Who's Who , with an allocated 223 lines, surpassing that of former British PM Winston Churchill . The former residence of Cartland, named River Cottage , and located in Great Barford, Bedfordshire in which she resided between 1941 until 1949, will be honoured with
1296-512: Was set against the Edwardian background of Rotten Row . Jan Kerrison, cellist, pianist and composer (and the second wife of bassoonist Archie Camden ), was a neighbour and friend of Cartland. During World War II she made patriotic settings of Cartland's 'Wings on the Sunrise' and ‘The Knights of St John' for the St John's Ambulance Brigade . Cartland recorded an EP vinyl in conjunction with
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