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31-418: It has around 2,702 inhabitants but over 80 churches, with some houses dating to the 13th century. It is 8.5 kilometres (5.3 mi) from Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto and 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Messina . It has a tower, last remain of a castle, built by Frederick II of Aragon in 1324. The name Castroreale comes from Latin , and means "royal fortress". This Sicilian location article

62-569: A system of espionage , corruption and cruelty . Although peace was made with France in 1796, the demands of the French Directory , whose troops occupied Rome, alarmed Ferdinand once more. At his wife's instigation, he took advantage of Napoleon 's absence in the French campaign in Egypt and Syria and of Horatio Nelson 's victories to go to war. Ferdinand marched with his army against

93-499: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto ( Italian: [bartʃelˈloːna ˈpottso di ˈɡɔtto] ; Sicilian : Baccialona Pizzaottu ) is a town and comune of about 50,000 inhabitants in the north coast of Sicily , Italy , 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Messina towards Palermo . It belongs to the Metropolitan City of Messina . In

124-560: Is located nearby. The Nello Cassata Ethnohistory Museum is based here. Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies Ferdinand I ( Italian : Ferdinando I ; 12 January 1751 – 4 January 1825) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1816 until his death. Before that he had been, since 1759, King of Naples as Ferdinand IV and King of Sicily as Ferdinand III . He was deposed twice from the throne of Naples: once by

155-638: The Battle of Austerlitz on 2 December enabled Napoleon to launch an invasion of the Kingdom of Naples . Ferdinand fled to Palermo on 23 January 1806, followed soon after by his wife and son, and on 14 February 1806 the French again entered Naples. Napoleon declared that the Bourbon dynasty had forfeited the crown, and proclaimed his brother Joseph King of Naples and Sicily. But Ferdinand continued to reign over

186-458: The Archpriest of Milazzo. The Spanish Viceroy removed Pozzo di Gotto from the under the jurisdiction of Milazzo on 22 May 1639, and ratified by royal during the reign of Philip IV of Spain , and the town assumes the title "Libera et Realis Civitas Putei de Gotho". The village in the west of the river Longano in turn under the jurisdiction of Castroreale and had already followed the example of

217-411: The French and entered Rome (29 November). On the defeat of some of his columns, Ferdinand hurried back to Naples. On the approach of the French, Ferdinand fled on 23 December 1798 aboard Nelson's ship HMS  Vanguard to Palermo , leaving his capital in a state of anarchy. The weather was extremely stormy and the king's 6-year-old younger son Prince Alberto died of exhaustion during the voyage, in

248-757: The Spanish throne in 1759, he abdicated the thrones of Naples and Sicily in Ferdinand's favour in accordance with the treaties forbidding the union of the two crowns. A regency council presided over by the Tuscan Bernardo Tanucci was set up. Tanucci, an able, ambitious man, wishing to keep the government as much as possible in his own hands, purposely neglected the young king's education, and encouraged him in his love of pleasure, his idleness and his excessive devotion to outdoor sports . Ferdinand's minority/childhood ended in 1767, and his first act

279-552: The area corresponding to the current municipal area, the following ancient settlements were identified: In 265 BC, the Battle of Longano, between the army of Hiero II of Syracuse and the Mamertines under the command of the leader Cione , took place in this area. The exact assignment of the place in the absence of identifiable cause remains earthquakes, floods, or diversion of water courses. There are several hypotheses that place

310-529: The arms of Emma, Lady Hamilton , Nelson's mistress. The French entered the city despite the fierce resistance of the lazzaroni , and with the aid of the nobles and bourgeoisie, established the Parthenopean Republic in January 1799. A few weeks later, when the French troops were recalled to northern Italy, Ferdinand sent a hastily assembled force under Fabrizio Cardinal Ruffo to reconquer

341-461: The army. For the next four years, Ferdinand reigned as an absolute monarch within his domain, granting no constitutional reforms. The suppression of liberal opinion caused an alarming spread of the influence and activity of the secret society of the Carbonari , which in time affected a large part of the army. In July 1820, a military revolt broke out under General Guglielmo Pepe , and Ferdinand

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372-454: The behest of King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies , deciding that the new municipality formed by the merger of the two ancient districts bore the full name of Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto. Are discarded by the King all the advanced options of names derived from the word "Longano", receiving the unanimous appreciation, on the other hand the initial goodwill will turn into hatred and resentment towards

403-640: The digging of a well for irrigation in cultivated lands located between the rivers Idria and Longano, belonging to Nicholas Goto as described in Vulgar Latin in a document dated 1463: " ... Nicolao de Gotho, ..., in quo Puzzo de Gotho ... ". In 1571 Pozzogottesi obtained from the Grand Court of the Archbishop of Messina permission to elect their chaplain stationed in San Vito no longer dependant on

434-530: The event along the courses of the rivers bordering the "Mela" or "Patrì", and other in the vicinity of the mythical city "Longane" ( Rodì Milici ) or "Abacena" ( Tripi ), however settlements related to the same conflict. Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto lies in the plain that slopes to the north close to the lush hills and the chain of Peloritani mountains, overlooking the Gulf of Patti in the Tyrrhenian Sea on

465-655: The execution of a few hundred French collaborators . This stopped only when the French successes forced him to agree to a treaty which included amnesty for members of the French party. When the War of the Third Coalition broke out between France and the Austrian Empire in 1805, Ferdinand signed a treaty of neutrality with the former. A few days later, Ferdinand allied himself with Austria and allowed an Anglo-Russian force to land at Naples. The French victory at

496-629: The king to allow an Austrian army to march into Naples "to restore order". The Neapolitans, commanded by General Pepe, made no attempt to defend the difficult defiles of the Abruzzi , and were defeated at Battle of Rieti (7 March 1821). The Austrians entered Naples. Following the Austrian victory, the Parliament was dismissed and Ferdinand suppressed the Liberals and Carbonari. The victory

527-466: The latter kingdom (becoming the first King of Sicily in centuries to actually reside there) under British protection. Parliamentary institutions of a feudal type had long existed on the island, and Lord William Bentinck , the British minister, insisted on a reform of the constitution on English and French lines. The king indeed practically abdicated his power, appointing his son Francis as regent, and

558-528: The location has been given by Iberian sailors having recognizing the remarkable similarity of the two territories. The autonomy of the village of Barcellona was accepted by the Sicilian Parliament , recognized by the King on 15 May 1815 and ratified in Wien 28 February 1823, by King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies . The administrative union decreed 5 January 1835, comes into force on 1 June 1836 at

589-708: The mainland kingdom. Ruffo, with the support of British artillery, the Church, and the pro-Bourbon aristocracy, succeeded in reaching Naples in May 1799, and the Parthenopean Republic collapsed. After some months, King Ferdinand returned to the throne. The king and the queen were anxious that no mercy should be shown to the rebels, and Maria Carolina (a sister of the executed Marie Antoinette ) made use of Lady Hamilton to induce Nelson to carry out her vengeance. The king returned to Naples soon afterwards, and ordered

620-505: The monarch as a result of criminal actions undertaken throughout the province, especially in Milazzo and Messina, which earned him the nickname of "King Bomb". The city soon established covered a certain role with significant contributions to the definitive expulsion of the House of Bourbon from the province and the whole of Sicily and increasingly effective input in all the events included in

651-470: The neighboring community, rebelling against the jurors castrensian doing in the Church to recognize its independence. Notarial deeds dating back to 1522 in Castroreale report the name of the district or hamlet of "Barsalona", a name likely to be attributed to the presence in the baptismal books of Pozzo di Gotto the name of "Graziosa Barsalona", on the other hand is supported the thesis that the name of

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682-605: The part near the Aeolian Islands in a portion of coast between the Milazzo peninsula to the east and to the west promontory of Tindari. The most credible hypothesis for the derivation of its name is that it was derived during the era of rule by the Kingdom of Aragon (1282–1516). It is likely the first rulers of the town came from the County of Barcelona . The oldest part of the town, Pozzo di Gotto, owes its name to

713-454: The process of unification of constituting Kingdom of Italy . The procession of Varette which takes place on Good Friday , and at the same time two processions consist of twenty-six Vare depicting the mysteries of the Passion parade through the streets of the city. The thirteenth-century village of Castroreale , home to a tower from a medieval castle built by King Frederick II of Aragon ,

744-488: The queen, at Bentinck's insistence, was exiled to Austria, where she died in 1814. After the fall of Napoleon, Joachim Murat , who had succeeded Joseph Bonaparte as king of Naples in 1808, was dethroned in the Neapolitan War in 1815, and Ferdinand returned to Naples. By a secret treaty he had bound himself not to advance further in a constitutional direction than Austria should at any time approve; but, though on

775-777: The revolutionary Parthenopean Republic for six months in 1799, and again by a French invasion in 1806, before being restored in 1815 at the end of the Napoleonic Wars . Ferdinand was born in Naples as the third son of King Charles VII and Queen Maria Amalia . In August 1759, Charles succeeded his half-brother Ferdinand VI of Spain as King Charles III, but treaty provisions made him ineligible to hold all three crowns. On 6 October, he abdicated his Neapolitan and Sicilian titles in favour of his third son, Ferdinand, because his eldest son Philip had been excluded from succession due to intellectual disability and his second son Charles

806-559: The whole he acted in accordance with Metternich 's policy of preserving the status quo , and maintained with but slight change Murat's laws and administrative system. Ferdinand took advantage of the situation to abolish the Sicilian constitution, in violation of his oath, and to proclaim the union of the two states into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (12 December 1816). Ferdinand was now completely subservient to Austria, an Austrian, Count Nugent , being even made commander-in-chief of

837-462: Was appointed director of marine, won Maria Carolina's favour by supporting her scheme to free Naples from Spanish influence, securing rapprochement with the Archduchy of Austria and the Kingdom of Great Britain . He became practically and afterward actually prime minister. Although not a mere grasping adventurer, he was largely responsible for reducing the internal administration of the country to

868-537: Was heir-apparent to the Spanish throne. Ferdinand was the founder of the cadet House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies . Ferdinand was born in Naples and grew up amidst many of the monuments erected there by his father which can be seen today; the Palaces of Portici , Caserta and Capodimonte . Ferdinand was his parents' third son; his elder brother Charles was expected to inherit Naples and Sicily. When his father ascended

899-447: Was signed by Austria, Prussia and Russia, although an invitation to Ferdinand to attend the adjourned Congress of Laibach (1821) was issued at which he failed to distinguish himself. He had twice sworn to maintain the new constitution but was hardly out of Naples before he repudiated his oaths and, in letters addressed to all the sovereigns of Europe, declared his acts to have been null and void. Metternich had no difficulty in persuading

930-644: Was terrorised into signing a constitution on the model of the Spanish Constitution of 1812 . On the other hand, a revolt in Sicily , in favour of the recovery of its independence, was suppressed by Neapolitan troops. The success of the military revolution at Naples seriously alarmed the powers of the Holy Alliance , who feared that it might spread to other Italian states and so lead to a general European conflagration. The Troppau Protocol of 1820

961-485: Was the expulsion of the Jesuits . The following year he married Archduchess Maria Carolina , daughter of Empress Maria Theresa . By the marriage contract, the queen was to have a voice in the council of state after the birth of her first son, and she was not slow to avail herself of this means of political influence. Tanucci, who attempted to thwart her, was dismissed in 1777. The Englishman Sir John Acton , who in 1779

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