83-654: Ceibal can refer to: Ceibal project , the Uruguayan counterpart of the One Laptop Per Child project Seibal (in Spanish "Ceibal"), a ruined site of the Maya civilization Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Ceibal . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
166-452: A developer's program . An XO-1.75 model was developed that used a Marvell ARM processor , targeting a price below $ 150 and date in 2011. The XO-2 two sheet design concept was canceled in favor of the one sheet XO-3. An XO-3 concept resembled a tablet computer and was planned to have the inner workings of the XO 1.75. Price goal was below $ 100 and date was 2012. As of May 2010, OLPC
249-580: A hard drive , run a Fedora -based operating system and use the SugarLabs Sugar user interface . Mobile ad hoc networking based on the 802.11s wireless mesh network protocol allows students to collaborate on activities and to share Internet access from one connection. The wireless networking has much greater range than typical consumer laptops. The XO-1 was designed for lower cost and much longer life than typical laptops. In 2009, OLPC announced an updated XO (dubbed XO-1.5 ) to take advantage of
332-447: A Professor of University of California at Irvine and Morgan Ames, at the time of writing, a PhD candidate at Stanford University, pointed out that the laptop by itself does not completely fill the need of students in underprivileged countries. The "children's machines", as they have been called, have been deployed to several countries, for example Uruguay, Peru, and in the US, Alabama, but after
415-475: A central server at most once each day to remain functioning. The laptops are sold to governments, to be distributed through the ministries of education with the goal of distributing "one laptop per child". The laptops are given to students, similar to school uniforms and ultimately remain the property of the child. The operating system and software is localized to the languages of the participating countries. OLPC later worked directly with program sponsors from
498-459: A computer engineer who played a central role in the development of the personal computer, criticized the centralized, top-down design and distribution of the OLPC. In September 2009, Alanna Shaikh offered a eulogy for the project at UN Dispatch, stating "It's time to call a spade a spade. OLPC was a failure." The project originally aimed for a price of 100 US dollars. In May 2006, Negroponte told
581-571: A guide to define future actions in the plan. Ceibal emerged as a result of the digital gap that existed in Uruguay between the people who didn't have access to technology and to those who did. It was impelled during Tabaré Vazquez' term of office. Vasquez was the main proponent of this pioneer project; although it was inspired by Nicholas Negroponte 's One Laptop per Child project. It raised three principal values: to distribute technology, to promote knowledge and to generate social equity. The project
664-491: A low-cost machine to production. This became the OLPC XO Laptop , a low-cost and low-power laptop computer designed by Yves Béhar with Continuum, now EPAM Continuum. The project was originally funded by member organizations such as AMD , eBay , Google , Marvell Technology Group , News Corporation , and Nortel . Chi Mei Corporation , Red Hat , and Quanta provided in-kind support. After disappointing sales,
747-590: A modified version of Windows XP and announced in May 2008 that Windows XP would be available for an additional cost of 10 dollars per laptop. James Utzschneider, from Microsoft, said that initially only one operating system could be chosen. OLPC, however, said that future OLPC work would enable XO-1 laptops to dual boot either the free and open Linux/Sugar OS or the proprietary Microsoft Windows XP. Negroponte further said that "OLPC will sell Linux-only and dual-boot, and will not sell Windows-only [XO-1 laptops]". OLPC released
830-456: A network or to a local, school-level server that has been manually loaded with cryptographic "lease" tokens that enable a laptop to run for days or even months between contacts. Cryptographic lease tokens can be supplied on a USB flash drive for non-networked schools. The mass production laptops are also tivoized , disallowing installation of additional software or replacement of the operating system. Users interested in development need to obtain
913-535: A new and ambitious phase introducing laptops in nursery schools. In August a television show called "¡Sabelo!" (Know it!) starts. It is a quiz show produced by Ceibal for students in secondary schools. To celebrate the fifth anniversary of Ceibal a ceremony takes place at Villa Cardal, where it all started. VIDEO 5 años del Plan Ceibal Ceibal documentary for Austrian public television In recognition to Ceibal Project's achievements, it has received various national and international awards: The project Ceibal en Inglés
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#1732797477058996-468: A piece (compare it to £50 a piece for the OLPC laptops). The OLPC project has been criticized for allegedly adopting a "one-shot" deployment approach with little or no technical support or teacher training, and for neglecting pilot programs and formal assessment of outcomes in favor of quick deployment. Some authors attribute this unconventional approach to the promoters' alleged focus on constructivist education and digital utopianism . Mark Warschauer ,
1079-534: A quarter of its annual income to purchase a single laptop, while the global average of Information and communications technology (ICT) spending is 3% of income. Empirical studies show that the borderline between ICT as a necessity good and ICT as a luxury good is roughly around the "magical number" of US$ 10 per person per month, or US$ 120 per year. John Wood, founder of Room to Read (a non-profit which builds schools and libraries), emphasizes affordability and scalability over high-tech solutions. While in favor of
1162-485: A relatively short time, their usage declined considerably, sometimes because of hardware problems or breakage, in some cases, as high as 27–59% within the first two years, and sometimes due to a lack of knowledge on the part of the users on how to take full advantage of the machine. However, another factor has recently been acknowledged: a lack of a direct relation to the pedagogy needed in the local context to be truly effective. Uruguay reports that only 21.5% of teachers use
1245-542: A remote teacher, model of language and in charge of introducing and explaining the linguistic content corresponding to each week through his remote presence via videoconference equipment; and two forty-five-minute slots with the classroom teacher, who following the lesson plans sent to her every week, may review, accompany and guide her students in the learning of English. Lesson plans are associated to digital and non-digital materials, which contain songs, games, videos, etc., so that those contents already presented and explained by
1328-554: A solution to the crushing poverty that surrounds him. But for this child, a website on the Internet is not enough; we need to find ways to get our work to people in a form they can actually use. And I'm doing this for my own daughter, who I hope will grow up in a world where culture is free, not proprietary, where control of knowledge is in the hands of people everywhere, with basic works they can adopt, modify, and share freely without asking permission from anyone. We're already taking back
1411-538: A special educative OS with parental restrictions which required completing a simple mathematical operation to unlock. Eventually, the original model was discontinued and common laptop models were distributed in its stead, these had a significantly more frail case, but their hardware had significant upgrades from the previous models, with storage being increased to 60 GB and getting 2.4 GHz Dual Core CPUs, these computers ditched Android in favor of Windows 10, but kept Linux . OLPC One Laptop per Child ( OLPC )
1494-491: A tool to appropriate technology" which took place in Colonia del Sacramento (Departamento de Colonia) on 5, 6, and 7 June 2008, in support of Ceibal. Before the end of the year, more than 175,000 laptops are delivered, completing the whole country with the exception of parts of Canelones, Montevideo and its metropolitan area. In September Ceibal and Teleton Uruguay signed an agreement that committed Ceibal to adapt its laptops to
1577-503: Is much easier to satisfy, yet it nonetheless remained unresolved. OLPC's dedication to "Free and open source" was questioned with their May 15, 2008, announcement that large-scale purchasers would be offered the choice to add an extra cost, special version of the proprietary Windows XP OS developed by Microsoft alongside the regular, free and open Linux -based operating system with the SugarLabs " Sugar OS " GUI. Microsoft developed
1660-482: Is no longer part of its mission. The OLPC program has its roots in the pedagogy of Seymour Papert , an approach known as constructionism , which espoused providing computers for children at early ages to enable full digital literacy. Papert, along with Nicholas Negroponte , were at the MIT Media Lab from its inception. Papert compared the old practice of putting computers in a computer lab to books chained to
1743-468: The "One laptop per child" model to introduce Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in primary education and secondary schools . In four years, Ceibal delivered 450,000 laptops to all students and teachers in the primary education system and no-cost internet access throughout the country. As of 2009, results include increased self-esteem in students, improved motivation of students and teachers, and active participation by parents (94% approve of
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#17327974770581826-582: The 2006 Wikimania , Jimmy Wales announced that the One Laptop Per Child Project would be including Misplaced Pages as the first element in their content repository. Wales explained, "I think it is in my rational self interest to care about what happens to kids in Africa," elaborating in his fundraising appeal: I'm doing this for the child in Africa who is going to use free textbooks and reference works produced by our community and find
1909-649: The United Nations in Tunisia from November 16–18, 2005, several African representatives, most notably Marthe Dansokho (a missionary of United Methodist Church), voiced critic towards the motives of the OLPC project and claimed that the project presented solutions for misplaced priorities, stating that African women would not have enough time to research new crops to grow. She added that clean water and schools were more important. Mohammed Diop specifically criticized
1992-451: The video streaming website Hulu and others in 2008. One such ad has John Lennon advertising for OLPC, with an unknown voice actor redubbing over Lennon's voice. In 2008, OLPC lost significant funding. Their annual budget was slashed from $ 12 million to $ 5 million which resulted in a restructuring on January 7, 2009. Development of the Sugar operating environment was moved entirely into
2075-562: The "$ 100 Laptop" or "Children's Machine", is an inexpensive laptop computer designed to be distributed to children in developing countries around the world, to provide them with access to knowledge , and opportunities to "explore, experiment and express themselves" ( constructionist learning ). The laptop was designed by Yves Béhar with Design Continuum , and manufactured by the Taiwanese computer company Quanta Computer . The rugged , low-power computers use flash memory instead of
2158-465: The EU's Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS); and that the laptop would use an order of magnitude less power than the typical consumer netbooks available as of 2007 thus minimizing the environmental burden of power generation. The XO-1 delivered (starting in 2007) uses environmental friendly materials, complies with the EU's RoHS and uses between 0.25 and 6.5 watts in operation. According to
2241-671: The Foundation managed fundraising such as the Give One Get One campaign (" G1G1 "). Intel was a member of the association for a brief period in 2007. Shortly after OLPC's founder, Nicholas Negroponte, accused Intel of trying to destroy the non-profit, Intel joined the board with a mutual non-disparagement agreement between them and OLPC. Intel resigned its membership on January 3, 2008, citing disagreements with requests from Negroponte for Intel to stop dumping their Classmate PCs . In 2008, Negroponte showed some doubt about
2324-785: The Green Electronics Council's Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool , whose sole purpose is assessing and measuring the impact laptops have on the environment, the XO is not only non-toxic and fully recyclable, but it lasts longer, costs less, and is more energy efficient. The XO-1 is the first laptop to have been awarded an EPEAT Gold level rating. Other discussions question whether OLPC laptops should be designed to promote anonymity or to facilitate government tracking of stolen laptops. A June 2008 New Scientist article critiqued Bitfrost's P_THEFT security option, which allows each laptop to be configured to transmit an individualized, non-repudiable digital signature to
2407-630: The Internet. With your help, we can take back the world. At the 2006 World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland , the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) announced it would back the laptop. UNDP released a statement saying they would work with OLPC to deliver "technology and resources to targeted schools in the least developed countries". Starting in 2007, the Association managed development and logistics, and
2490-537: The National Administration of Public Education (ANEP) In the same month, the first national monitoring and evaluation system is developed to work within the Ceibal. In August laptops are delivered to private schools In the same month laptops for the visually imparted are delivered In October the plan is fully covered including Canelones, Montevideo and its metropolitan area, all children and teachers in
2573-510: The One Laptop per Child initiative for providing education to children in the developing world at a cheaper rate, he has pointed out that a $ 2,000 library can serve 400 children, costing just $ 5 a child to bring access to a wide range of books in the local languages (such as Khmer or Nepali ) and English; also, a $ 10,000 school can serve 400–500 children ($ 20–25 a child). According to Wood, these are more appropriate solutions for education in
Ceibal - Misplaced Pages Continue
2656-544: The Red Hat's annual user summit: "It is a floating price. We are a nonprofit organization. We have a target of $ 100 by 2008, but probably it will be $ 135, maybe $ 140." A BBC news article in April 2010 indicated the price still remained above $ 200. In April 2011, the price remained above $ 209. In 2013, more than 10% of the world population lived on less than US$ 2 per day. The latter income segment would have to spend more than
2739-775: The XO Laptop version 4.0 and the OLPC Laptop. Funding from Marvell , finalized in May 2010, revitalized the foundation and enabled the 1Q 2012 completion of the ARM-based XO-1.75 laptops and initial prototypes of the XO-3 tablets. OLPC took orders for mass production of the XO 4.0, and shipped over 3 million XO Laptops to children around the world. At the World Summit on the Information Society held by
2822-414: The amount of computers on-screen. The "toolbox" (unknown real name) view had all of the installed activities ready to be launched. The activity view showed the currently launched activity, this didn't work if no activity had been launched yet. Buttons F5 to F8 had just black dots of increasing size, F9 to F12 had buttons to adjust volume and screen brightness. As time went on, more improved versions of
2905-451: The ceibalita were made, this also included their hardware which was severely upgraded to fit the new features. The keyboard was changed to a green plastic one and the mouse was improved to accept most gestures, eventually dropping the F1–F12 special keys, screen resolution was improved, their processor, storage and RAM also had significant upgrades. Later models changed to a blue motif instead of
2988-607: The community, the Latin America support organization was spun out and staff reductions, including Jim Gettys , affected approximately 50% of the paid employees. The remaining 32 staff members also saw salary reductions. Despite the downsizing, OLPC continued development of the XO-1.5 laptops. In 2010, OLPC moved its headquarters to Miami. The Miami office oversaw sales and support for the XO-1.5 laptop and its successors, including
3071-543: The computer, and if it is a hardware problem, they are to report it. In the classroom environment this black-boxing approach is being criticized for causing the teachers and students to feel disconnected with, and confused by the laptop, which results, in many cases, in the laptops eventually going unused. Several defects in OLPC XO-1 hardware have emerged in the field, and laptop repair is often neglected by students or their families (who are responsible for maintenance) due to
3154-507: The cost of the laptop was to reduce the cost of the display. Thus, when, upon return from Davos, he met Mary Lou Jepsen , the display pioneer who was in early 2005 joining the MIT Media Lab faculty, the discussions turned quickly to display innovation to enable a low-cost laptop. Convinced that the project was now possible, Negroponte led the creation of the first corporation for this: the Hundred Dollar Laptop Corp. At
3237-442: The country have their own laptops, with a coverage of more than 350,000 children and 16,000 teachers. In May private companies sponsor Ceibal classrooms in their companies as part of their social responsibility projects In November the pilot project in robotics is launched In October Ceibal starts its second phase, delivering laptops to students in secondary schools and to students in technical schools. In March Ceibal Project starts
3320-507: The dense forests of Vietnam or rural Cambodia. The Scandinavian aid organization FAIR proposed setting up computer labs with recycled second-hand computers as a cheaper initial investment. Negroponte argued against this proposition, stating the expensive running cost of conventional laptops. Computer Aid International doubted the OLPC sales strategy would succeed, citing the "untested" nature of its technology. CAI refurbishes computers and printers and sells them to developing countries for £42
3403-565: The digital gap that exists among the Uruguayans and between Uruguay and the rest of the world. However, this goal can be accomplished only if it is complemented by an educational plan for teachers, students and their families. The educational plan of Ceibal tries to create the technological resources, the teacher's formation, the creation of suitable content and the social and familiar participation. Ceibal has strategic principles: equity of knowledge, equal opportunities for children and youth, and
Ceibal - Misplaced Pages Continue
3486-570: The documentation, since Stallman is known to hold an even stronger and more idealistic position in regards to the proprietary components, and requires that even the firmware that runs outside of the main CPU must be provided in its source code form, something de Raadt does not require. De Raadt later has had to point out that such more idealistic and less realistic position has instead been misattributed to OpenBSD's more practical approach to make it look unreasonable, and stood on record that OpenBSD's position
3569-408: The earphone jack was located at the right border of the case, on the screen's side. The top left and right of the screen had 2 green antennas that when withdrawn fitted perfectly with the rest of the case, these antennas concealed a pair of USB ports. The computer could not be "closed" without hiding the antennas first. The laptop ran sugar, an open source OS based on Linux, which was fairly limited,
3652-505: The exclusive use of open-source software for the project, and made suggestions supporting a move towards adding Windows XP , which Microsoft was in the process of porting over to the XO hardware. Microsoft's Windows XP, however, was not seen by some as a sustainable operating system . Microsoft announced that they would sell them Windows XP for $ 3 per XO. It would be offered as an option on XO-1 laptops and possibly be able to dual boot alongside Linux. In response, Walter Bender , who
3735-455: The first test firmware enabling XO-1 dual-boot on July 3, 2008. This option did not prove popular. As of 2011, a few pilots had received a few thousand total dual-boot machines, and the new ARM-based machines do not support Windows XP. No significant deployment purchased Windows licenses. Negroponte stated that the dispute had "become a distraction" for the project, and that its end goal was enabling children to learn, while constructionism and
3818-502: The hardware design part of the organization shut down in 2014. The OLPC project was praised for pioneering low-cost, low-power laptops and inspiring later variants such as Eee PCs and Chromebooks ; for assuring consensus at ministerial level in many countries that computer literacy is a mainstream part of education; for creating interfaces that worked without literacy in any language, and particularly without literacy in English. It
3901-399: The industrial design of the traditional XO Laptop. The laptops include an anti-theft system which can, optionally, require each laptop to periodically make contact with a server to renew its cryptographic lease token. If the cryptographic lease expires before the server is contacted, the laptop will be locked until a new token is provided. The contact may be to a country-specific server over
3984-447: The keyboard and screen, which were designed with student use in mind. In 2005 and prior to the final design of the XO-1 hardware, OLPC received criticism because of concerns over the environmental and health impacts of hazardous materials found in most computers. The OLPC asserted that it aimed to use as many environmentally friendly materials as it could; that the laptop and all OLPC-supplied accessories would be fully compliant with
4067-521: The laptop for educational purposes on their own, but with scaffolding and mentoring from teachers, the machine can become more useful. According to one of the returning OLPC executives, Walter Bender, the approach needs to be more holistic, combining technology with a prolonged community effort, teacher training and local educational efforts and insights. The organization has been accused of simply giving underprivileged children laptops and "walking away". Some critics claim this "drive-by" implementation model
4150-404: The laptop in the classroom on a daily basis, and 25% report using it less than once a week. In Alabama, 80.3% of students say they never or seldom use the computer for class work, and Peru, teachers report that in the first few months, 68.9% use the laptop three times per week, but after two months, only 40% report such usage. Those of a low socio-economic level tend to not be able to effectively use
4233-560: The latest component technologies. The XO-1.5 includes a new VIA C7-M processor and a new chipset providing a 3D graphics engine and an HD video decoder. It has 1 GB of RAM and built-in storage of 4 GB, with an option for 8 GB. The XO-1.5 uses the same display, and a network wireless interface with half the power dissipation. Early prototype versions of the hardware were available in June 2009, and they were available for software development and testing available for free through
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#17327974770584316-415: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ceibal&oldid=932751590 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Ceibal project The Ceibal is a Uruguayan initiative to implement
4399-428: The mesh networking feature in the OLPC XO-1 was buggy and went mostly unused in the field. The OLPC XO-1 hardware lacks connectivity to external monitors or projectors, and teachers are not provided with software for remote assessment. As a result, students are unable to present their work to the whole class, and teachers must also assess students' work from the individual laptops. Teachers often find it difficult to use
4482-543: The necessary drivers for the operating system. De Raadt has pointed out that the OpenBSD project requires no firmware source code, and no low-level documentation to work on firmware, only requiring the binary distribution rights and documentation to interface with the said binary firmware that runs outside of the main CPU, a quite simple request that is generally honoured by many other wireless device vendors like Ralink . Stallman fully agreed with de Raadt's request to open up
4565-566: The necessary support. This project was piloted in twenty schools in the country between June and November 2012; five in the south (three in Maldonado and two in Pando , Canelones ), and fifteen in the north between Salto and Paysandú , with a total of 37 groups. The group in the south started on 23 June, and the one in the north on 23 August. The results of the pilot phase are highly encouraging, for this reason, Ceibal en Inglés has expanded
4648-565: The needs of children with motor disabilities. In December the educational portal Ceibal is created. In April work is started with small companies in the interior of the country to provide decentralized technical support, within the framework of the Rayuela Project with the Inter-American Development Bank and DINAPYME. In June online courses aimed at students in teacher education are launched in support of
4731-441: The old green one. Sugar was upgraded to allow for more activities open at once between other features, the computer also came with Android installed and eventually also Linux, which could be switched by restarting, changing to sugar didn't require a restart but took a significant amount of time. Sugar was eventually dropped altogether from the latest models. Usually targeted towards pre-schoolers, these tablets came with Android and
4814-451: The open source ethos was more of a means to that end. Charles Kane concurred, stating that anything which detracted from the ultimate goal of widespread distribution and use was counterproductive. The organization has been criticized for its lack of troubleshooting support. Teachers in Peru are told to handle problems in one of two ways. If the problem is a software issue, they are to flash
4897-425: The plan according to a national survey performed in 2009). The success of Ceibal is not only due to technological innovations, but also to achievements such as the creation of a training plan for teachers in primary education, the active inclusion of the society and teachers in the project and the successful design and implementation of a monitoring and evaluation model to measure the impact nationally that serves as
4980-464: The programs were called activities, only allowing one to run at the same time. The computer had 4 sections which were accessed with F1, F2, F3 and F4. These keys had different logos to match all being represented with a black circle and green shapes. F1(community view) had 6 green dots near the border, F2 (group view) had 3 green dots near the center, F3 ?, F4 had a simple green rectangle. First it had community view, which displayed other laptops of
5063-430: The project as an attempt to exploit the governments of poor nations by making them pay for hundreds of millions of machines and the need of further investments into internet infrastructure. Others have similarly criticized laptop deployments in very low income countries, regarding them as cost-ineffective when compared to far simpler measures such as deworming and other expenses on basic child health. Lee Felsenstein ,
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#17327974770585146-558: The project to one thousand groups in 2013. Ceibal through an open international bid chose the British Council , a British organization of recorded experience in the teaching of English as a foreign language internationally, as its partner for this project. On Thursday, 9 January 2014, the BBC Mundo website published an article entitled "Thousands of children in Uruguay learn English with distance teachers". The report highlights
5229-544: The promotion of educational proposals In May the pilot phase starts in Villa Cardal (Departamento de Florida), in which 150 students and their teachers participate. Villa Cardal is a town of 1,290 inhabitants and has just one school of 150 students. For this pilot phase laptops were donated by OLPC In October through an open tender, 100,000 OLPC laptops and 200 servers are awarded By the end of 2007, all children and teachers from Florida have their laptops. The XO laptops
5312-478: The provision of tools to learn not only knowledge given by the school, but also knowledge that the child can learn by him or herself. The original expected outcomes defined the right to have an internet connection at school as well as at home, explicitly ("1.2.3. EXPECTED RESULTS") of . In April the presidential decree 144/007 signals the kickoff to provide a laptop to each primary school child and his teacher in every public school, as well as training for its use, and
5395-485: The relatively high cost of some components (such as displays). On the software side, the Bitfrost security system has been known to deactivate improperly, rendering the laptop unusable until it is unlocked by support technicians with the proper keys (this is a time-consuming process, and the problem often affects large numbers of laptops at the same time). The Sugar interface has been difficult for teachers to learn, and
5478-562: The remote teacher, may be revised, reviewed and recycled under the conduction of the classroom teacher. Coherence between remote lessons and face to face lessons is ensured by a half-hour virtual coordination between the two teachers involved in the learning process, in which concerns, learning and teaching styles are discussed. Each classroom teacher decides whether she wants to participate in this project, she does not need to know any English, but she receives an online course of English so that she can be one step ahead of her students and give them
5561-413: The same kind in the local network represented by the same logo on the lid of the computer, this screen allowed to form groups and perform other cooperative activities, especially inviting others to an activity which allowed more than one user, like the text editor. Then it had the group view, this showed other computers on the same group, this was not so different from the community view other than trimming
5644-403: The screen, with the left one being a single piece d-pad and the other side having 4 buttons, with the symbols X, O, a checkmark symbol and a triangle, these were apparently made for playing games but they were fairly unwieldy due to the screen's width and weight. It sported 2 speakers, both at the sides of the screen and above each set of buttons, the microphone was located right below the screen,
5727-477: The unlocking key separately (most developer laptops for Western users already come unlocked). It is claimed that locking prevents unintentional bricking and is part of the anti-theft system. In 2006, the OLPC project was heavily criticised over Red Hat 's non-disclosure agreement (NDA) with Marvell concerning the wireless device in OLPC, especially in light of the OLPC project being positioned as an open-source friendly initiative. An open letter for documentation
5810-599: The walls in old libraries. Negroponte likened shared computers to shared pencils. However, this pattern seemed to be inevitable, given the then-high prices of computers (over $ 1,500 apiece for a typical laptop or small desktop by 2004). In 2005, Negroponte spoke at the World Economic Forum , in Davos. In this talk he urged industry to solve the problem, to enable a $ 100 laptop, which would enable constructionist learning, would revolutionize education, and would bring
5893-419: The way of official names due to lack of documentation) Also called "Marcianita", this version was very limited with a very slow processor and a total of 300 MB of RAM, the storage was around 1-2 GBs, it was mostly white with green details. This model was white with a logo on the lid composed of a circle on top of an X, both encrusted on the lid and being of random colors. It had a green membrane keyboard that
5976-621: The work done by Ceibal and explains that "this is the first time in the world where telepresence technology is used to teach English to large classes of primary school students in the state system", according to Paul Woods, representative of the British Council, the organization providing the teaching materials. Since the project's launch up to this day (2020) the Computers that are part of this program keep being improved and changed (the models described on this list do not include much in
6059-411: The world's knowledge to all children. He brought a mock-up and was described as prowling the halls and corridors of Davos to whip up support. Despite the reported skepticism of Bill Gates and others, Negroponte left Davos with committed interest from AMD, News Corp, and with strong indications of support from many other firms. From the outset, it was clear that Negroponte thought that the key to reducing
6142-422: Was a non-profit initiative that operated from 2005 to 2014 with the goal of transforming education for children around the world by creating and distributing educational devices for the developing world , and by creating software and content for those devices. When the program launched, the typical retail price for a laptop was considerably in excess of $ 1,000 (US), so achieving this objective required bringing
6225-549: Was announced that the XO-3 would not be seeing actual production, and focus had shifted to the XO-4. The XO-4 was launched at International CES 2013 in Las Vegas The XO Laptop version 4 is available in two models: XO 4 and XO 4 Touch, with the latter providing multi-touch input on the display. The XO Laptop version 4 uses an ARM processor to provide high performance with low power consumption, while keeping
6308-466: Was conceived with the aim to solve the problem of lack of specialized teachers of English in primary schools in the Uruguayan public system of education, with the objective of universalizing the right of every Uruguayan child to acquire a second language through a means that would ensure both quality and sustainability. The project allows primary school children between fourth and sixth grades to have three 45 minute slots per week of English: one taught by
6391-419: Was criticized for its US-centric focus ignoring bigger problems, high total costs, low focus on maintainability and training and its limited success. The OLPC project is critically reviewed in a 2019 MIT Press book titled The Charisma Machine: The Life, Death, and Legacy of One Laptop per Child . OLPC, Inc, a descendent of the original organization, continues to operate, but the design and creation of laptops
6474-696: Was inked by Theo de Raadt (a recipient of the 2004 Award for the Advancement of Free Software ), and the initiative for open documentation has been supported by Richard Stallman , the President of the Free Software Foundation. De Raadt later clarified that he finds an issue with OLPC having proprietary firmware files that are not allowed to be independently re-distributed (even in the binary form) by third-party operating systems like OpenBSD , as well as receiving no documentation to write
6557-478: Was named "Ceibal" in reference to a typical Uruguayan tree and flower called "ceibo", known as Cockspur coral tree . Ceibal also stands for "Conectividad Educativa de Informática Básica para el Aprendizaje en Línea" (Educational Connectivity/Basic Computing for Online Learning in English). The OLPC XO-1 computers used in the project are nicknamed "Ceibalitas". Ceibal tries to promote digital inclusion and decrease
6640-530: Was pretty similar to any other laptop keyboard, with the exception of having all the F1 through F12 keys replaced with symbols that indicated their new functions as well as some other minor changes. It had a simple mouse pad with 2 buttons, one with an X and one with an O as symbols, unlike most modern mousepads, it didn't accept more than one input at once and could not perform gestures like tap-and-hold or double finger swiping. It had 2 sets of 4 buttons at each side of
6723-672: Was the former President of Software and Content for the OLPC project, left OLPC and founded Sugar Labs to continue development of the open source Sugar software which had been developed within OLPC. No significant deployments elected to purchase Windows licenses. Charles Kane became the new President and Chief Operating Officer of the OLPC Association on May 2, 2008. In late 2008, the NYC Department of Education purchased some XO computers for use by New York schoolchildren. Advertisements for OLPC began streaming on
6806-578: Was the official strategy of the project. While the organisation has learning teams dedicated to support and working with teachers, Negroponte has said in response to this criticism that "You actually can" give children a connected laptop and walk away, noting experiences with self-guided learning. Other explanations of failure included a high minimum order, low reliability and maintainability, unsuitability to local conditions and culture, and encouragement of children to learn new ways of thinking instead of remaining loyal to old ways. The XO, previously known as
6889-430: Was working with Marvell on other unspecified future tablet designs. In October 2010, both OLPC and Marvell signed an agreement granting OLPC $ 5.6 million to fund development of its XO-3 next generation tablet computer. The tablet was to use an ARM chip from Marvell. At CES 2012, OLPC showcased the XO-3 model, which featured a touchscreen and a modified form of SugarLabs "Sugar". In early December 2012, however, it
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