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132-611: St Andrews University Celtic Society , founded 1796, was among the first of these organisations. In the 20th century, as the other ancient universities began offering Gaelic as an academic subject, students with an interest in Gaelic chose to attend these instead. Consequently, the society at St Andrews shifted its focus towards Scottish country dance , and is no longer related to the other student societies. The following societies are extant and continue to promote Gaelic language and culture: This article about an education organization

264-546: A by-election for the seat of Glasgow Govan in 1988. Salmond served as a member of the House of Commons Energy Select committee from 1987 to 1992. When Gordon Wilson stood down as SNP leader in 1990, Salmond decided to contest the leadership. His only opponent was Margaret Ewing , whom Sillars decided to support. This caused considerable consternation amongst the SNP left as the two main left leaders were opposing each other in

396-454: A "pro Europe", "pro developing world" and "against military adventurism" stance. Following his return to the Commons he attracted media attention after telling Business Minister Anna Soubry during a debate, "Behave yourself, woman." Soubry said Salmond's attitude belonged "firmly in the 19th century". However, his then party leader, Nicola Sturgeon, defended the remarks and said, "It was in

528-412: A "social wage", as well as driving work forward to deliver the governments commitment to the abolition of bridge tolls, free concessionary travel, prescription charges and personal care. The most prominent aspect of the governments programme was on the constitutional question of Scottish independence, with the programme for government confirmed that a white paper would be published on the issue, and that

660-538: A 14.8% increase in earnings compared to the average graduate. St Andrews is placed seventh in the UK (1st in Scotland) for the employability of its graduates as chosen by recruiters from the UK's major companies. In 2017, St Andrews was named as the university with the joint second highest graduate employment rate of any UK university (along with Warwick ), with 97.7 per cent of its graduates in work or further study three and

792-416: A boisterous House of Commons debate. The fundamental question, 'does that language indicate that Alex Salmond is sexist?' Absolutely not, there's no man I know who is less sexist." In the 2017 British general election, Salmond's seat was widely watched as a potential Tory gain amid a nationwide backlash to Sturgeon's decision to call for a second independence referendum. The Scottish Conservatives had taken

924-638: A candidate for the Gordon constituency, which had been represented since 1999 by the Liberal Democrat Nora Radcliffe . Salmond won the seat with 41% of the vote, and a majority of 2,062, returning to the Scottish Parliament after six years' absence. In the election the SNP emerged as the largest party, winning 47 seats to Labour's 46. Having won more seats than any other party in the 2007 Scottish Parliament election,

1056-430: A candidate in the forthcoming election for the leadership of the SNP. This came as a surprise because he had previously declared that he would definitely not be a leadership candidate. In the postal ballot of all members he went on to receive over 75% of the votes cast, placing him well ahead of his nearest rival Roseanna Cunningham . As he was not an MSP at the time, his deputy, Nicola Sturgeon , took over as Leader of

1188-531: A coalition with the Scottish Liberal Democrats . When those talks failed, the SNP chose to form a one-party minority government. The SNP and Scottish Greens signed an agreement where the Greens supported SNP ministerial appointments, but did not offer support for any confidence or budget votes ("confidence and supply"). Due to the agreement signed with the Greens, Salmond's investiture vote

1320-787: A group of Augustinian clergy, driven from the University of Paris by the Avignon schism and from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge by the Anglo-Scottish Wars , formed a society of higher learning in St Andrews, which offered courses of lectures in divinity, logic, philosophy, and law. A charter of privilege was bestowed upon the society of masters and scholars by the Bishop of St Andrews , Henry Wardlaw , on 28 February 1411–12. Wardlaw then successfully petitioned

1452-404: A half years after graduation. An independent report conducted by Swedish investment firm, Skandia found that despite its small undergraduate body, St Andrews is the joint-5th best university in the UK for producing millionaires. A study by High Fliers confirmed this by reporting that the university also features in the top 5 of UK universities for producing self-made millionaires. According to

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1584-538: A hung parliament. After he declared his candidacy, he was described as a " bogeyman " (both by Lesley Riddoch and by himself ), and was reportedly "demonised" by "Conservative propaganda" portraying Labour Party leader Ed Miliband "compliantly dancing to Salmond the piper's tune" after the election. During the election campaign, Salmond recorded in his diary: "The Tory candidate, Colin Clark , cuts an impressive figure but his politics are far too dry for this area. If

1716-713: A joint ticket with Nicola Sturgeon . She led the SNP at Holyrood until Salmond was elected to the Scottish Parliament in 2007 for Gordon (later Aberdeenshire East ). The SNP placed first, ahead of the governing Labour Party in the 2007 election by one seat, with Salmond securing a confidence and supply support from the Scottish Greens , resulting in Salmond's appointment as first minister. Salmond led an SNP minority government in his first term. His government passed landmark legislation, including

1848-887: A meeting of the Scottish Government security advisers in St Andrew's House in Edinburgh, followed by a request from the Prime Minister Gordon Brown for Salmond, the Cabinet Secretary for Justice Kenny MacAskill and the Lord Advocate Elish Angiolini to attend an emergency COBRA meeting. By the evening of 30 June, Salmond had attended an online conference discussion with the Prime Minister of

1980-473: A particular faculty, as opposed to the school within which teaching is based. The faculties and their affiliated schools are: Certain subjects are offered within both the Faculties of Arts and Sciences, the six subjects are: economics, geography, management, mathematics, psychology, and sustainable development. The content of the subject is the same regardless of the faculty. The academic year at St Andrews

2112-458: A political scandal . Salmond later was announced as the leader of a new pro-independence party, the Alba Party . The party failed to gain any seats in the 2021 national and 2022 local elections . He led the party until his death in 2024. Alexander Elliot Anderson Salmond was born in his parents' home at 101 Preston Road, Linlithgow , West Lothian , Scotland, on 31 December 1954. He was

2244-506: A post-graduate society. There are 18 academic schools organised into four faculties. The university occupies historic and modern buildings located throughout the town. The academic year is divided into two semesters, Martinmas and Candlemas. In term time, over one-third of the town's population are either staff members or students of the university. The student body is known for preserving ancient traditions such as Raisin Weekend, May Dip, and

2376-415: A reconfigured version of Gordon. The SNP's overall majority assured Salmond of another term as First Minister, and he was re-elected unopposed on 18 May 2011. This was the first single-party majority government in the history of the devolved parliament. Salmond's second government ended on 18 November 2014 upon his resignation. As a consequence of obtaining a majority, it gave Salmond the ability to call

2508-514: A referendum on Scottish independence. On 10 January 2012, the Scottish Government announced that they intended to hold the referendum in late 2014. On 7 November 2012, Salmond surpassed the 2,001-day term of his predecessor, Jack McConnell. In September 2012, Salmond made a snap reshuffle in light of the 2014 Scottish independence referendum . Nicola Sturgeon and Alex Neil switched roles, with Sturgeon taking on responsibility for

2640-512: A referendum on the issue would be held in the second half of the Scottish parliamentary term. An agreement was signed on 15 October 2012 by David Cameron and Salmond which provided a legal framework for the referendum to be held, and on 21 March 2013 the SNP government announced that the referendum would be held on 18 September 2014. Scotland's Future , a white paper setting out the Scottish Government's vision for an independent Scotland,

2772-627: A result, Salmond resigned and was succeeded by Sturgeon. Returning to Westminster, Salmond was elected MP for Gordon in the 2015 general election . He was the SNP International Affairs and Europe spokesperson from 2015 to 2017. He left the House of Commons at the 2017 general election after losing his seat to the Scottish Conservative Party candidate Colin Clark . In August 2018, Salmond resigned from

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2904-585: A signer of the Declaration of Independence , attended (but did not graduate from) St Andrews. Wilson was one of six original justices appointed by George Washington to the Supreme Court of the United States and was a founder of the University of Pennsylvania Law School . Other prominent American figures associated with St Andrews include Scottish American industrialist Andrew Carnegie , who

3036-531: A study by the Institute of Employment Research, St Andrews has produced more directors of FTSE 100 companies in proportion to its size than any other educational institution in Britain. In the 2019 Complete University Guide , 24 out of the 25 subjects offered by St Andrews rank within the top 10 nationally, making St Andrews one of only three multi-faculty universities (along with Cambridge and Oxford ) in

3168-416: A weekly column for The Scotsman and appearing a number of times on Channel 4 's The Morning Line . During the election campaign, Salmond was photographed feeding a young supporter a Solero ice cream during an event at Stirling University , creating a photograph that would become iconic. Salmond was elected to the Scottish Parliament in 1999 and was one of its highest-profile members as Leader of

3300-595: A year at Emory University in Atlanta , and Western University and Queen's University in Canada. The Robert Lincoln McNeil Scholarship allows students to study at the University of Pennsylvania . One of the largest North American exchanges is with the University of California system, in which students can study at UC Berkeley , UC Los Angeles (UCLA) , UC Santa Cruz (UCSC) and UC San Diego (UCSD) . Other North American partners offering multiple exchanges include

3432-581: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about an organisation in Scotland is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article relating to education in Scotland is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . St Andrews University St Mary's College School of Medicine St Leonard's College The University of St Andrews ( Scots : University o St Andras , Scottish Gaelic : Oilthigh Chill Rìmhinn ; abbreviated as St And , from

3564-421: Is a long tradition of Americans being warmly welcomed here at St Andrews. Every year I learn you educate more than one thousand American students, exposing them to new ideas and perspectives as well as providing them with a first-class education. I've been proud and fortunate to hire a few St Andrews alumni over the years and I thank you for training them so well. As with the other ancient universities of Scotland,

3696-513: Is based around St Salvator's Quadrangle. St Mary's College is responsible for all students studying in the Faculty of Divinity, and has its own dedicated site in St Mary's Quadrangle. St Leonard's College is now responsible for all postgraduate students. In 2022 the university announced its intention to create New College, a fourth college responsible for the school of International Relations and

3828-582: Is divided into two semesters, Martinmas and Candlemas , named after two of the four Scottish Term and Quarter Days . Martinmas, on 11 November, was originally the feast of Saint Martin of Tours , a fourth-century bishop and hermit. Candlemas originally fell on 2 February, the day of the feast of the Purification , or the Presentation of Christ. Martinmas semester runs from early September until mid-December, with examinations taking place just before

3960-624: Is generally credited to his then girlfriend, Debbie Horton, an English student from London, who was secretary of the St Andrews University Labour club. After an argument in December 1973, she told him: "If you feel like that, go and join the bloody SNP". The next day Salmond did. The following day he and a friend attended the sparsely populated AGM of the university branch of the Federation of Student Nationalists. Being

4092-512: Is one of only three universities to have never left the top 10 in any of the three main domestic league tables since 2008. According to data released by the Department for Education in 2018, St Andrews was rated as the fifth best university in the UK for boosting male graduate earnings with male graduates seeing a 24.5% increase in earnings compared to the average graduate, and the ninth best university for females, with female graduates seeing

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4224-558: Is ranked 5th in Europe by Times Higher Education in its 2019 Teaching Rankings. The 2021 Research Excellence Framework ranked St Andrews 16th in the UK, and second in Scotland, amongst multi-faculty institutions for the research quality (GPA) of its output profile. St Andrews was ranked ninth overall in The Sunday Times 10-year (1998–2007) average ranking of British universities based on consistent league table performance, and

4356-459: The 2003 invasion of Iraq he voiced strong opposition to the UK's participation. In the aftermath of the war, he lent support to the attempt of Adam Price , a Plaid Cymru MP, to impeach Tony Blair over the Iraq issue. Salmond went further than many anti-war politicians in claiming that Blair's statements on the presence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq were consciously intended to deceive

4488-477: The 79 Group . He was, along with other group leaders, suspended from membership of the SNP when the 79 Group was banned within the larger party. In 1981, he married Moira French McGlashan, then a senior civil servant with the Scottish Office . Following the SNP's National Council narrowly voting to uphold the expulsion, Salmond and the others were allowed back into the party a month later, and in 1985 he

4620-490: The Avignon Pope Benedict XIII to grant the school university status by issuing a series of papal bulls , which followed on 28 August 1413. King James I of Scotland confirmed the charter of the university in 1432. Subsequent kings supported the university, with King James V of Scotland "confirming privileges of the university" in 1532. A college of theology and arts, called St John's College ,

4752-530: The British Prime Minister Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery . The university encompasses three colleges : United College , St Mary's College and St Leonard's College . The purpose of the colleges at St Andrews is mainly ceremonial, as students are housed in separate residential halls or private accommodations. United College is responsible for all students in the faculties of arts, sciences, and medicine, and

4884-484: The British Privy Council four weeks later. Salmond became the first nationalist politician to hold the office of First Minister. He appointed Sturgeon as his Deputy First Minister and reappointed Elish Angiolini as Lord Advocate , the first time a Lord Advocate had served two different governments. Having won the largest number of seats in the general election (47 of 129), the SNP sought to form

5016-571: The College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia , allows students studying Classical Studies, Film Studies, International Relations, English, History, or Economics to spend two years at each institution and earn a joint degree from both. The Robert T. Jones Memorial Trust funds the Robert T. Jones Jr. Scholarship, which allows selecting St Andrews students to study, fully funded, for

5148-620: The Government Economic Service (GES) as an assistant economist in the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, part of the now defunct Scottish Office . Two years later he joined the staff of the Royal Bank of Scotland , where he worked for seven years, initially as an assistant economist. In 1982 he was appointed oil economist, and from 1984 he worked as a bank economist as well as continuing to hold

5280-729: The Latin Sancti Andreae , in post-nominals ) is a public university in St Andrews , Scotland . It is the oldest of the four ancient universities of Scotland and, following the universities of Oxford and Cambridge , the third-oldest university in the English-speaking world . St Andrews was founded in 1413 when the Avignon Antipope Benedict XIII issued a papal bull to a small founding group of Augustinian clergy. Along with

5412-525: The Lockerbie bombing incident in December 1988. In a statement addressing the attacks in Glasgow, Salmond stated "terrorist acts are the work of individuals not communities and the arrival of terror on our soil must not result in racist attacks on ethnic minorities whose only crime is to share the same religion and colour as the bombers. It is to be hoped that yesterday's attack is an isolated incident, but

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5544-737: The Princeton Club of New York , the Penn Club of New York City and the Algonquin Club in Boston. In 2013, Hillary Clinton , former United States Secretary of State, took part in the academic celebration marking the 600th anniversary of the founding of the University of St Andrews. Clinton received an honorary degree of Doctor of Laws and provided the graduation address, in which she said, I do take comfort from knowing there

5676-566: The Scottish Office , and later, the Royal Bank of Scotland . He was elected to the British House of Commons in 1987 , serving as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Banff and Buchan from 1987 to 2010. In 1990, he successfully defeated Margaret Ewing in the SNP leadership contest . Salmond led the party through the first election to the Scottish Parliament in 1999 , where the SNP emerged as

5808-595: The Secretary of State for Scotland , Jim Murphy , to meet with the Scottish cabinet to discuss the economic challenges at a time he issued a warning to the UK Government about their plans to cut £1 billion in investment to the Scottish budget. A white paper for an independence referendum, setting out four possible options ranging from no change to full independence, was published by the Scottish Government on 30 November 2009. A draft bill for public consultation

5940-610: The Students' Association and director of education are ex officio members of the court. Several lay members are also co-opted and must include a fixed number of alumni of the university. The Academic Senate (Latin Senatus Academicus ) is the supreme academic body for the university. Its members include all the professors of the university, certain senior readers , a number of senior lecturers and lecturers , and three elected student senate representatives – one from

6072-486: The United College of St Salvator and St Leonard . Throughout this period student numbers were very low; for instance, when Samuel Johnson visited the university in 1773, the university had fewer than 100 students, and was in his opinion in a steady decline. He described it as "pining in decay and struggling for life". The poverty of Scotland during this period also damaged St Andrews, as few were able to patronise

6204-471: The Universities (Scotland) Act 1858 . The Chancellor of the University of St Andrews is the titular head of the University of St Andrews. Their duties include conferring degrees, promoting the university's image throughout the world, and furthering the university's interests worldwide. The Principal is the chief executive of the university and is assisted in that role by several key officers, including

6336-575: The Universities (Scotland) Act 1889 . The rector of the University of St Andrews chairs meetings of the University Court, the governing body of the university; and is elected by the matriculated student body to ensure that their needs are adequately considered by the university's leadership. Throughout St Andrews' history a number of notable people have been elected to the post, including the actor John Cleese , industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie , author and poet Rudyard Kipling and

6468-534: The University Court and elect the university's chancellor . The University Court is the body responsible for administrative and financial matters and is in effect the governing body of the university. It is chaired by the rector , who is elected by the matriculated students of the university. Members are appointed by the General Council, Academic Senate and Fife Council. The president of

6600-549: The University of Copenhagen , the University of Oslo , and Trinity College Dublin . Exchanges are also available for postgraduate research students, such as the opportunity for social scientists to study at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy. Alex Salmond Alexander Elliot Anderson Salmond ( / ˈ s æ m ən d / SAM -ənd ; 31 December 1954 – 12 October 2024)

6732-461: The University of Oxford . Active recruitment of students from North America first began in 1984, with Americans now making up around 1 in 6 of the student population in 2017. Students from almost every state in the United States and province in Canada are represented. This is the highest proportion and absolute number of American students amongst all British universities. Media reports indicate growing numbers of American students are attracted to

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6864-721: The University of St Andrews , where he studied Economics and Medieval History . During his time at St Andrews, Salmond lived in Andrew Melville Hall . He was elected as vice-president (education) of the students' representative council in 1977 and was also nominated to join St Andrews Community Council that year. Salmond graduated with a 2:2 Joint Honours MA in Economics and Medieval History in May 1978. After graduating in 1978, he entered

6996-575: The University of Virginia , the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Washington University in St. Louis , Washington and Lee University , Elon University , and the University of Toronto . Some exchanges are offered within specific research institutes at St Andrews, rather than across entire Schools. For example, the Handa Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence (CSTPV), within

7128-426: The abolition of university tuition fees , the scrapping of prescription charges and commitment to renewable energy . Salmond was the first nationalist first minister and in his first term he failed to obtain support for a referendum on Scottish independence due to insufficient support. At the 2011 Scottish Parliament election the SNP won with an overall majority, a feat previously thought almost impossible under

7260-472: The additional member system used in elections for the Scottish Parliament. As of 2024, this is the only election in which a party has won a majority in the Scottish Parliament. Salmond used this mandate to hold a referendum, which led to the signing of the Edinburgh Agreement and the 2014 referendum. The Yes Scotland campaign , which his deputy Sturgeon led, was defeated in the referendum. As

7392-551: The 'bluff' cards that are used as props in the show in the run-up to the first elections to the Scottish Parliament. To counter his frustration at having to sit in silence through what he claimed was an inappropriately political speech by Tony Blair at a charity lunch, he held up the bluff card as the Prime Minister began querying Scotland's economic prospects should independence occur. Throughout his time in politics, Salmond has maintained his interest in horse racing , writing

7524-612: The Christmas break. There follows an inter-semester period when Martinmas semester business is concluded and preparations are made for the new Candlemas semester, which starts in January and concludes with examinations in April and May. Most Undergraduate graduations are celebrated in mid-June with Postgraduate graduations being celebrated in late November. In the 2022 The Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide , St Andrews ranked as

7656-408: The Opposition . He stood down as SNP leader in 2000, facing internal criticism after a series of high-profile fall-outs with party members, and was replaced by his preferred successor John Swinney , who defeated Alex Neil for the post. He resigned from the Scottish Parliament on 14 May 2001 to lead the SNP group in the House of Commons . During the prolonged parliamentary debates in the run-up to

7788-401: The SNP again pledged to hold an independence referendum if it won another term. The Westminster Labour government had initially designed the additional member system to make it impossible for one party to win an outright majority, but the SNP won enough seats from the other parties to take 69 seats, a majority of four. At this election, Salmond was re-elected for Aberdeenshire East, essentially

7920-434: The SNP candidate for the Westminster constituency of Gordon in the 2015 May election . He indicated that he did not intend to replace Angus Robertson , MP for Moray , as the SNP leader in the House of Commons . Nicola Sturgeon, his successor as SNP leader and First Minister, repeatedly reminded voters at the March 2015 SNP conference that she, not he, was party leader after he gave interviews about his possible role in

8052-414: The SNP group and the main opposition leader at Holyrood. Although he was re-elected in the 2005 general election , he made clear his intention to return to the Scottish Parliament at the 2007 Scottish parliamentary election in an attempt to win power for the first time. Salmond led the Scottish National Party through the 2007 election to the 3rd Scottish Parliament . In the election, Salmond stood as

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8184-407: The SNP group leader at Westminster and was replaced by Angus Robertson . The Guardian reported in November 2007 that Salmond believed Scotland would be independent within "the next decade". Salmond had been First Minister for just over a month when a vehicle rammed the front entrance of the main terminal building at Glasgow Airport on 30 June 2007, the first terrorist attack in Scotland since

8316-414: The SNP initially approached the Scottish Liberal Democrats to form a coalition, but they declined to take part in negotiations. This left the SNP without any possibility to form a coalition with an overall majority. Ultimately, the Scottish Green Party agreed to vote in an SNP minority government in return for concessions on climate policy and naming a Green to chair a committee. On 16 May 2007, with

8448-442: The SNP up to supporting the campaign for devolution, and, along with Scottish Labour leader Donald Dewar and Scottish Liberal Democrat leader Jim Wallace , played an active part in securing the victory for devolution in the Scotland referendum of 1997. Many hardline fundamentalists in the SNP objected to committing the party to devolution, as it was short of full political Scottish independence. Salmond's first spell as leader

8580-491: The School of International Relations, offers student exchanges in partnership with the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University . St Andrews participates in the Erasmus Programme and has direct exchanges with universities across Europe. For example, in France exchanges are offered at the Sorbonne , Sciences Po , and University of Paris VI . In the Netherlands, students can study at Leiden University and Utrecht University . Narrower exchanges include those with

8712-435: The Schools of International Relations, Management, and Economics and Finance with offer rates of 8.0%, 10.9% and 11.5% respectively. The university hosts the most ethnically diverse student population out of all universities in Scotland, with 17.4% of students from an ethnic minority background and has a higher proportion of female than male students with a female ratio of 59.7% in the undergraduate population. Under 40% of

8844-420: The Scottish Parliament needed to help harness Scotland's green energy potential and therefore take full advantage of the "renewable revolution". Earlier, in December 2009, he campaigned for climate change legislation at the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen to promote Scotland's role in tackling and mitigating climate change . This included signing a Partnership Agreement with the Maldives , one of

8976-401: The Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) Alex Younger ; Olympic cycling gold medalist Chris Hoy ; Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations Dame Barbara Woodward ; and royals William, Prince of Wales , and Catherine, Princess of Wales . Five Nobel laureates are among St Andrews' alumni and former staff: three in Chemistry and two in Physiology or Medicine . In 1410

9108-470: The UK for the 2021 admissions cycle. The standard offer of a place tends to require five best Highers equivalent to AAAAB, three best A-levels equivalent to AAA or a score of at least 38 points on the International Baccalaureate. For 2016–17, the acceptance rate was 8.35% and the offer rate was 22.5% for Scottish/EU applicants where places are capped by the Scottish Government . In 2017, the most competitive courses for Scottish/EU applicants were those within

9240-514: The UK to have over 95% of their subjects in the top 10. The Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide 2017 revealed that 24 of the 26 subjects offered by St Andrews ranked within the top 6 nationally with 10 subjects placing within the top 3 including English, Management, Philosophy, International Relations, Italian, Physics and Astronomy and Classics and Ancient History. The Guardian University Guide 2019 ranked Biosciences, Computer Science, International Relations, Physics and Psychology first in

9372-445: The UK. Earth and Marine Sciences, Economics, English, Management, Mathematics, Philosophy and Theology placed within the top three nationally. In the 2015–16 Times Higher Education World University Rankings , St Andrews is ranked 46th in the world for Social Sciences, 50th in the world for Arts and Humanities and 74th in the world for Life Sciences. The 2014 CWTS Leiden rankings , which "aims to provide highly accurate measurements of

9504-651: The United Kingdom Gordon Brown and his governmental cabinet. At the start of the Global financial crisis in 2009 , Salmond claimed that the UK Prime Minister, Gordon Brown , was to blame for the trouble the economy had found itself in, claiming that the problem was "one created at 10 Downing Street ". In April 2009, Salmond pledged £95 million in investment from the Scottish Government to aid economic recovery efforts. Salmond offered

9636-557: The Year by The Times and Sunday Times . In a ranking conducted by The Guardian in 2009, St Andrews placed fifth in the UK for national reputation behind Oxford, Cambridge, Imperial & LSE. When size is taken into account, St Andrews ranks second in the world out of all small to medium-sized fully comprehensive universities (after Brown University ) using metrics from the QS Intelligence Unit in 2015. The university

9768-682: The article The Quarrel between St Andrews and Dundee that University College, Dundee was "forbidden" to give such instruction in the Arts "as he [the Dundeen student] might require". After the incorporation of University College Dundee, St Andrews' various problems generally receded. For example, it was able to offer medical degrees. Until 1967, many students who obtained a degree from the University of St Andrews had in fact spent most, and sometimes all, of their undergraduate career based in Dundee. In 1967,

9900-562: The arts and divinity faculty, one from the science and medicine faculty and one postgraduate student. It is responsible for authorising degree programmes and issuing all degrees to graduates, and managing student discipline. The president of the Senate is the University Principal . The university's three most significant officials are its chancellor, principal, and rector, whose rights and responsibilities are largely derived from

10032-515: The best university in the UK, the first university to ever top Oxford and Cambridge in a British ranking. In the 2023 Guardian University Guide, St Andrews achieved the same feat and ranked first for the first time in the guide's history. In the 2024 versions of both The Guardian University Guide and The Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide, St Andrews was again ranked first in the United Kingdom. It has been twice named University of

10164-738: The celebration of the 400th establishment of the King James Library, the King James Library lectures were initiated in 2009 on the subject of 'The Meaning of the Library'. The Andrew Lang Lecture series was initiated in 1927, and named for alumnus and poet Andrew Lang . The most famous lecture in this series is that given by J. R. R. Tolkien in March 1939, entitled 'Fairy Stories', but published subsequently as ' On Fairy-Stories '. The computing Distinguished Lecture Series

10296-501: The constituency were composed entirely of michty fairmers then he might be the ideal candidate. But it isn't and he is not." Salmond gained the seat of Gordon with 47.7% of the vote, replacing the Liberal Democrat Malcolm Bruce as the constituency's Westminster MP . On 13 May 2015, Salmond was appointed as the SNP's foreign affairs spokesman in the House of Commons. He tweeted that the party would advocate

10428-422: The contest. Salmond went on to win the leadership election by 486 votes to Ewing's 146. His first test as leader was the general election in 1992 , with the SNP having high hopes of making an electoral breakthrough. Whilst considerably increasing its share of the vote, it failed to win a large number of seats. Sillars lost his, causing him to describe the Scottish people as '90-minute patriots'. This comment ended

10560-607: The daughter of Margaret Duncan and Henry Elms, a native of England. Salmond's middle names come from his family's tradition of naming their children after the local Church of Scotland minister, in this case Gilbert Elliot Anderson of St Ninian's Craigmailen Parish Church in Linlithgow. He remained a member of the Church of Scotland his whole life. From a young age, Salmond suffered very bad asthma . His parents were loving and caring and although he did not grow up poor, "money

10692-550: The deputy principal, Master of the United College and Quaestor . The principal has responsibility for the overall running of the university and presides over the University Senate. In Scotland, the position of Rector exists at the four ancient universities (St Andrews, Glasgow , Aberdeen and Edinburgh ) – as well as the University of Dundee . The post was made an integral part of these universities by

10824-559: The governance of the university is determined by the Universities (Scotland) Act 1858 . This act created three bodies: the General Council , University Court and Academic Senate ( Senatus Academicus ). The General Council is a standing advisory body of all the graduates , academics, and former academics of the university. It meets twice a year and appoints a business committee to manage business between these meetings. Its most important functions are to appoint two assessors to

10956-503: The independence referendum. Salmond published his first programme for the Scottish Government following his re–election as first minister in September 2011. Entitled Renewing Scotland: The Government's Programme for Scotland 2011–2012 , Salmond set out a number of key commitments for the Scottish Government ahead of the parliamentary term. Salmond further pledged to continue the freeze of council tax across Scotland in order to establish

11088-505: The land, and probably second to few in England". By 1892, the headmistress of St Leonard's Ladies School, Dame Frances Dove , had become "possessor" of the buildings of the university's old St Leonard's College which were being used again for their original purpose of providing accommodation for students, only this time not for males but for "girl graduates and undergraduates ". Having matriculated , Agnes Forbes Blackadder entered

11220-601: The largest of which is in New York. Both London and New York also host the St Andrews Angels , an alumni-led angel investment network, which centres upon the wider university communities in both the United Kingdom and United States. St Andrews has also established relationships with other university alumni clubs and private membership clubs in the United States to provide alumni with social and networking opportunities. For example, alumni are eligible for membership at

11352-535: The line of 'we're going to take this seat, and we're going to take that seat'. Once it doesn't happen, it's very bad news for Ruth Davidson's credibility." On election night, Salmond lost his seat as member for Gordon to Colin Clark of the Conservatives , receiving 19,254 votes to the Conservatives' 21,861. This represented a swing of 20.4% away from Salmond, larger than the 14.4% swing to him from

11484-406: The most exposed countries to the consequences of rising sea levels. In September 2010, Salmond proposed legislation that would give Scottish Water powers to build "green" power stations, windfarms and hydropower schemes in cooperation and competition with existing energy companies. He stated that this would make Scotland the 'world's first hydro-economy'. Before the 2011 Scottish election ,

11616-499: The most votes in the area at the 2017 local council elections , prompting party leader Ruth Davidson to say on a visit to Inverurie that, "We won the local government election in Gordon this week, beating the SNP into second place. It means that in this seat, as in many others, it is a two-horse race between us and the nationalists." In response to Davidson's comments, Salmond riposted, "It's just arrogance, for Ruth Davidson to continue

11748-526: The need for modernisation and in order to increase student numbers and alleviate financial problems, the university had, by 1883, established a university college in Dundee which formally merged with St Andrews in 1897. From its inception, the Dundee college had a focus on scientific, and professional subjects; the college's mixed sexes read Classics and English at St Andrews. The union was fraught with difficulties; in 1894, The Educational Times reported in

11880-488: The newly formed Business School, which comprises the departments of Economics, Finance and Management. It will be located at the former site of Madras College in the town's centre, and is expected to cost £100 million. The four academic faculties collectively encompass 18 schools. A dean is appointed by the Master of the United College to oversee the day-to-day running of each faculty. Students apply to become members of

12012-514: The only two fully paid-up members of the SNP at the university, they were duly elected president and treasurer. Although a left-winger at the time he joined, Salmond had considerable doubts as to whether or not the Labour Government would legislate for a devolved Scottish Assembly . Salmond started his political life as a committed left-winger inside the SNP and was a leading member of the socialist republican organisation within it,

12144-472: The other being Benjamin Franklin in 1759. Links with the United States have been maintained into the present day and continue to grow. In 2009, Louise Richardson , an Irish-American political scientist specialising in the study of terrorism, was drawn from Harvard to serve as the first female Principal and Vice Chancellor of St Andrews. She later went on to her next appointment as the vice chancellor to

12276-406: The parliaments existence, Salmond claimed that the majority obtained by the SNP was "a victory for a society and a nation", and later confirmed that an independence referendum would be held in the second half of the parliamentary term. Salmond in his 2010 New Year message highlighted the importance of sustainable development and renewable energy in Scotland and the required increase in powers of

12408-488: The party to fight allegations of rape and sexual assault, which he denied. In January 2019, he was charged with 14 offences, including attempted rape and sexual assault, but was awarded compensation of £500,000 by the Scottish Government in August 2019 and later acquitted of all charges after trial in March 2020. In 2021, he criticised Sturgeon for her government's flawed investigations into these allegations which resulted in

12540-558: The party's national conference in Perth on 14 November. Salmond submitted his resignation as First Minister to the Scottish Parliament and to the Queen on 18 November, and the formal selection of Sturgeon as his successor by the Scottish Parliament took place the following day. My time as leader is nearly over, but for Scotland, the campaign continues and the dream shall never die. On 7 December 2014, Salmond announced that he would stand as

12672-494: The political friendship between Salmond and Sillars, and Sillars would soon become a vocal critic of Salmond's style of leadership. The SNP increased its number of MPs from four to six in the 1997 general election , which saw a landslide victory for the Labour Party. After election, Labour legislated for a devolved Scottish parliament in Edinburgh. Although still committed to a fully independent Scotland, Salmond signed

12804-540: The position of oil economist. While with the Royal Bank, he wrote and broadcast extensively for both domestic and international outlets. He also contributed regularly to oil and energy conferences. In 1983, Salmond created a "Royal Bank/BBC oil index" that is still used. Salmond became active in the SNP when he joined the Federation of Student Nationalists at the University of St Andrews in 1973. His conversion

12936-503: The public. He also claimed that Blair had made a pact with George W. Bush "to go to war come what may". After the June 2004 European Parliament elections , which were perceived as a "disaster" for the SNP, pressure mounted on Swinney to resign as leader. Swinney announced his resignation on 22 June 2004 to become Convener of the Scottish Parliament's European and External Relations Committee. On 15 July 2004, Salmond said that he would be

13068-483: The reality is that we will have to deal with more in the future. We must not allow terrorists to stop us from going about our lives as we always have – to do so would be to hand a victory to the men of terror." Salmond issued a statement regarding the attacks in Edinburgh , calling for "the need for vigilance and unity against the forces of terror and rightly praised the work of the emergency services". Salmond called

13200-573: The scientific impact of universities", placed St Andrews 39th in the world, ranking it fifth domestically. The philosophy department is ranked sixth worldwide (3rd in Europe) in the 2020 QS World University Rankings . The university receives applications mainly through UCAS and the Common Application with the latest figures showing that there are generally 12 applications per undergraduate place available. According to 2022 UCAS figures,

13332-531: The second largest party, with Salmond as the Leader of the Opposition . He was elected as the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Banff and Buchan in that year's election. He resigned as leader in 2000 and stood down as an MSP the following year, when he was appointed leader of the SNP's Westminster group. Salmond was re-elected as leader of the SNP in the 2004 leadership contest , after running on

13464-610: The second of four children born to Robert Fyfe Findlay Salmond (1921–2017) and Mary Stewart Salmond (née Milne; 1922–2003), both of whom were civil servants . Robert Salmond, who served in the Royal Navy during the Second World War , had originally worked as an electrician, and his family had been resident in Linlithgow since the mid-18th century. Salmond's grandmother, Abigail Ireland, married Alexander Salmond, one of six children to Robert Dobie Salmond and Margaret Elms,

13596-408: The student body is from private schools and the university has one of the smallest percentages of students (13%) from lower income backgrounds, out of all higher education institutions in the UK. According to data from UCAS, St Andrews' offer rate to students from the most deprived areas (as measured by SIMD20) has increased from 28% in 2010 to 72.1% for entry in 2022, almost three times higher than

13728-489: The study of divinity and law. It was intended to encourage traditional Catholic teachings in opposition to the emerging Scottish Reformation , but once Scotland had formally split with the Papacy in 1560, it became a teaching institution for Protestant clergy. At its foundation in 1538 St Mary's was intended to be a college for instruction in divinity, law, and medicine, as well as in Arts, but its career on this extensive scale

13860-747: The support of the Greens, Salmond was elected by the Parliament to succeed Jack McConnell as First Minister of Scotland . The following day he received the Royal Warrant from the Queen and was officially sworn into office at the Court of Session in Edinburgh. Under section 45(7) of the Scotland Act 1998 he became Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland at the same time. He was appointed to

13992-461: The third-lowest offer rate for 2022 entry (behind only Oxford and Cambridge) and the highest entry standards of new students, as measured by UCAS entry tariff, at 212 points. St Andrews has many notable alumni and affiliated faculty, including eminent mathematicians, scientists, theologians, philosophers, and politicians. Recent alumni include the former first minister of Scotland Alex Salmond ; former Cabinet Secretary Mark Sedwill ; former Chief of

14124-581: The time . Despite this, Salmond was heavily criticised in the media for describing Tony Blair 's decision to intervene militarily as an "unpardonable folly". Several years as party leader earned Salmond an unusually high profile for an SNP politician in the London-based media. In 1998, Salmond won the Spectator Award for Political Strategist of the Year. Following an appearance on the entertainment programme Call My Bluff , Salmond used one of

14256-516: The time. The scheme came to be known as the ' LLA examination ' (Lady Literate in Arts). It required women to pass five subjects at an ordinary level and one at honours level and entitled them to hold a diploma from the university. Not being required to attend the university in person, the women were learning by correspondence , taking as many years as needed to complete the course. They were both examined and assisted in their studies by educationalists in

14388-426: The town or city in which they lived in the UK or abroad. In 1889 the Universities (Scotland) Act made it possible to admit women to St Andrews formally and to receive an education equal to that of male students. In September 1892, the university was reported as having "lately taken the lead in opening its classes to women" and proclaimed that "St Andrews hails a ladies' school – St Leonards – second to none in

14520-399: The union with Queen's College Dundee (formerly University College Dundee) ended, when it became an independent institution under the name of the University of Dundee . As a result of this, St Andrews lost its capacity to provide degrees in many areas such as Medicine, Dentistry, Law, Accountancy, and Engineering. As well as losing the right to confer the undergraduate medical degree MBChB , it

14652-481: The universities of Glasgow , Aberdeen , and Edinburgh , St Andrews was part of the Scottish Enlightenment during the 18th century. St Andrews is made up of a variety of institutions, comprising three colleges — United College (a union of St Salvator's and St Leonard's Colleges), St Mary's College , and St Leonard's College , the last named being a non-statutory revival of St Leonard's as

14784-413: The university and its colleges, and with state support being improbable, the income they received was scarce. In the second half of the 19th century, the pressure was building upon universities to open up higher education to women. In 1876, the university senate decided to allow women to receive an education at St Andrews at a level roughly equal to the Master of Arts degree that men were able to take at

14916-427: The university had an offer rate of 24.7% for undergraduate applicants – the third lowest amongst higher education institutions (behind only Oxford and Cambridge). The university is one of the most competitive universities to gain admission into, with successful undergraduate entrants holding 212 UCAS points (the equivalent of just under A*A*A*A at A Level) ranking it as the highest amongst higher education institutions in

15048-467: The university has increased by about tenfold whilst the number of students arriving at St Andrews from the most deprived backgrounds has increased by almost 50 per cent in the past year of 2015. To commemorate the university's 600th anniversary the 600th Lecture Series was commissioned in 2011, which brought diverse speakers such as former prime minister Gordon Brown , naturalist David Attenborough and linguist Noam Chomsky to St Andrews. As part of

15180-400: The university in 1892 and became the first woman to graduate from St Andrews on the same level as men on 29 March 1895, when she gained her MA . The first female lecturer at the university was Alice Marion Umpherston , appointed in 1896 to teach Physiology to women students. In response to the increasing number of female students attending the university, the first women's hall of residence

15312-499: The university's academics, traditions, prestige, internationalism, and comparatively low tuition fees . The university also regularly features as one of the few non-North American universities in the Fiske Guide to Colleges , an American college guide, as a 'Best Buy'. St Andrews has developed a sizable alumni presence in the United States, with over 8000 alumni spread across all 50 states. Most major cities host alumni clubs,

15444-535: The university's overall offer rate for all students. The university participates in widening access schemes such as the Sutton Trust Summer School, First Chances Programme, REACH & SWAP Scotland, and Access for Rural Communities (ARC) in order to promote a more widespread uptake of those traditionally under-represented at university. In the seven-year period between 2008 and 2015, the number of pupils engaged with annual outreach programmes at

15576-399: The wearing of distinctive academic dress. The student body is also notably diverse: over 145 nationalities are represented with about 45% of its intake from countries outside the UK; a tenth of students are from Europe with the remainder from the rest of the world—20% from North America alone. Undergraduate admissions are among the most selective in the country, with the university having

15708-549: Was a Scottish politician who served as First Minister of Scotland from 2007 to 2014. A prominent figure in the Scottish nationalist movement, he was Leader of the Scottish National Party ( SNP ) on two occasions, from 1990 to 2000 and from 2004 to 2014. He then served as leader of the Alba Party from 2021 until his death in 2024. A graduate of the University of St Andrews , he worked as an economist in

15840-474: Was also deprived of the right to confer the postgraduate degree MD. St Andrews was eventually able to continue to offer the opportunity to study medicine through a new arrangement with the University of Manchester in England. In 1974, the College of St Leonard was reconstituted as a postgraduate institute. St Andrews' historical links with the United States predate the country's independence. James Wilson ,

15972-461: Was characterised by a moderation of his earlier left-wing views and by his firmly placing the SNP into a gradualist , but still pro-independence, strategy. Salmond was one of the few politicians in the UK to oppose the NATO bombing of Serbia in 1999. He was opposed to the conflict because it was not authorised by a United Nations Security Council resolution , which was a controversial subject at

16104-621: Was elected Rector in 1901 and whose name is given to the prestigious Carnegie Scholarship , and Edward Harkness , an American philanthropist who in 1930 provided for the construction of St Salvator's Hall . American Bobby Jones , co-founder of the Augusta National Golf Club and the Masters Tournament , was named a Freeman of the City of St Andrews in 1958, becoming only the second American to be so honoured,

16236-475: Was elected as the SNP's Vice Convener for Publicity. In 1987 he stood for Parliament in Banff and Buchan and defeated the incumbent Conservative MP, Albert McQuarrie . Later that year Salmond became Senior Vice Convener (Deputy Leader) of the SNP. He was at this time still viewed as being firmly on the left of the party and had become a key ally of Jim Sillars , who joined him in the House of Commons when he won

16368-417: Was founded in 1418 by Robert of Montrose and Lawrence of Lindores. St Salvator's College was established in 1450 by Bishop James Kennedy . St Leonard's College was founded in 1511 by Archbishop Alexander Stewart , who intended it to have a far more monastic character than either of the other colleges. St John's College was refounded by Cardinal James Beaton under the name St Mary's College in 1538 for

16500-459: Was founded in 1896 by Dame Louisa Lumsden , the first principal of St Leonards School , which adjoined the university. The residence was named University Hall . Until the start of the 20th century, St Andrews offered a traditional education based on classical languages, divinity and philosophical studies, and was slow to embrace more practical fields such as science and medicine that were becoming more popular at other universities. In response to

16632-494: Was initiated in 1969 by Jack Cole . St Andrews has developed student exchange partnerships with universities around the globe, though offerings are largely concentrated in North America, Europe, and Asia. Exchange opportunities vary by School and eligibility requirements are specific to each exchange program. In North America, the highly competitive Bachelor of Arts International Honours program, run in conjunction with

16764-411: Was of a religious nature and was conducted by clerics associated with the cathedral . During the 17th and 18th centuries, the university had mixed fortunes and was often beset by civil and religious disturbances. In a particularly acute depression in 1747, severe financial problems triggered the dissolution of St Leonard's College, whose properties and staff were merged into St Salvator's College to form

16896-423: Was published on 25 February 2010, setting out a two-question yes/no referendum, proposing further devolution or full independence. Opposition parties issued statements claiming that they would not support the draft bill for public consultation on the issue of independence. Following the 2011 Scottish Parliament election , in which the SNP won a majority of seats and forming the first majority Scottish Government in

17028-502: Was published on 26 November 2013. On 19 September 2014, following the results of the independence referendum which confirmed a majority of the Scottish people had voted against independence, Salmond announced that he would be resigning as First Minister in November 2014. On 15 October, Deputy First Minister Nicola Sturgeon was the only candidate to stand for the leadership , and formally succeeded Salmond as SNP leader following

17160-404: Was short-lived. Under a new foundation and erection, confirmed by Parliament in 1579, it was set apart for the study of Theology only, and it has remained a Divinity College ever since. Some university buildings that date from this period are still in use today, such as St Salvator's Chapel , St Leonard's College Chapel and St Mary's College quadrangle. At this time, the majority of the teaching

17292-506: Was successful despite only having 47 of 129 seats in the Parliament. The vote was 49–46, with the SNP and Greens voting in favour and the 46 Scottish Labour MSPs voting against, with the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats abstaining. Salmond reduced the size of the Cabinet from nine members to six, and said he would seek to govern on a "policy by policy" basis. In order to concentrate on his new role as First Minister, Salmond stood down as

17424-540: Was tight" and the importance of education was emphasised in the family. Salmond was a skinny child, often referred to by his father as a "skink", as in Cullen Skink . Salmond was educated at Linlithgow Primary School , before attending Linlithgow Academy from 1966 to 1972. He studied at Edinburgh College of Commerce from 1972 to 1973, gaining an HNC in Business Studies , and was then accepted by

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