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30-522: The Central Amazon Ecological Corridor connects a number of conservation units in the central Amazon region with a combined area of 52,159,206 hectares (128,888,200 acres). The corridor covers parts of the Solimões and Negro river basins, mostly in the state of Amazonas but with a small portion in the state of Pará . The main urban centers in the corridor are the cities of Manaus , Manacapuru and Tefé . If indigenous territories are included, over 70% of

60-658: A 365 km (227 mi) loop around the unnavigable section to Guajará-Mirim on the Mamoré River, but is not functional, limiting shipping from the Atlantic at Porto Velho. Today, it is also one of the Amazon basin 's most active waterways, and helps export close to four million tons of grains, which are loaded onto barges in Porto Velho , where both Cargill and Amaggi have loading facilities, and then shipped down

90-505: A subspecies of the Amazon river dolphin or a separate species, is restricted to the upper Madeira River system. It has been estimated that there are more than 900 fish species in the Madeira River Basin, making it one of the freshwater systems in the world with the highest species richness . The river is the fifth title of the 1993/1999 Philip Glass album Aguas da Amazonia . In July 2007, plans have been approved by

120-601: Is Ilha Tupinambaranas , an extensive marshy region formed by the Madeira's distributaries. The Madeira river rises more than 15 m (50 ft) during the rainy season , and ocean vessels may ascend it to the Falls of San Antonio, near Porto Velho , Brazil, 1,070 km (660 mi) above its mouth; but in the dry months, from June to November, it is only navigable for the same distance for craft drawing about 2 meters (7 ft) of water. The Madeira-Mamoré Railroad runs in

150-544: Is a major waterway in South America. It is estimated to be 1,450 km (900 mi) in length, while the Madeira-Mamoré is estimated near 3,250 km (2,020 mi) or 3,380 km (2,100 mi) in length depending on the measuring party and their methods. The Madeira is the biggest tributary of the Amazon , accounting for about 15% of the water in the basin. A map from Emanuel Bowen in 1747, held by

180-661: The Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor were prioritized to test and address different conditions in the two main forest biomes in Brazil. Lessons learned would be applied in creation of other corridors. The agreement to implement the Central Amazon Ecological Corridor was signed on 28 December 2001, and came into effect on 15 March 2002 when the required conditions had been met. The overall goal of

210-750: The David Rumsey Map Collection , refers to the Madeira by the pre-colonial, indigenous name Cuyari. The River of Cuyari, called by the Portuguese Madeira or the Wood River, is formed by two great rivers, which join near its mouth. It was by this River, that the Nation of Topinambes passed into the River Amazon. The mean inter-annual precipitations on the great basins vary from 75 to 300 cm (2.5–9.8 ft),

240-629: The Itonamas or San Miguel , the Mamoré , Beni , and Madre de Dios or Mayutata , all of which are reinforced by numerous secondary but powerful affluents. The climate of the upper catchment area varies from humid in the western edge with the origin of the river's main stem by volume (Río Madre de Dios, Río Beni) to semi arid in the southernmost part with the Andine headwaters of the main stem by length ( Río Caine , Río Rocha , Río Grande , Mamoré). All of

270-779: The Brazilian Government to construct two hydroelectric dams on the Madeira River, the Santo Antônio Dam near Porto Velho and the Jirau Dam about 100 km upstream. Both the Jirau and Santo Antonio dams are run-of-the-river projects that do not impound a large reservoir. Both dams also feature some environmental re-mediation efforts (such as fish ladders). As a consequence, it has been suggested that there has not been strong environmental opposition to

300-695: The Madeira to the ports of Itacoatiara , near the mouth of the Madeira, just upstream on the left bank of the Amazon, or further down the Amazon, to the port of Santarem , at the mouth of the Tapajos River. From these two ports, Panamax -type ships then export the grains - mainly soy and corn - to Europe and Asia. The Madeira waterway is also used to take fuel from the REMAN refinery ( Petrobras ) in Manaus , state capital of Amazonas , to Porto Velho , from where

330-539: The Solimões River drainage basin is entirely tropical rainforest . An Amazonian aboriginal nation called Soriman was corrupted in Portuguese to Solimão and Soliemoens , from which the name of this section of the river and the region it drains is derived. Use of the name Solimões for the upper Amazon is mostly confined to Brazilian speakers of Portuguese ; the rest of the world refers to both

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360-495: The areas between conservation units, and through studies and surveys. Implementation of the corridor involves actors from all levels of government and from civil society. At the national level the actors include: At a regional level actors include: Local actors include local civil society associations such as fishing communities, loggers' associations and other groups dedicated to the exploitation of natural resources , as well as: The Central Amazon Ecological Corridor connects

390-633: The confluence of the Solimões and Rio Negro is already by far the largest river in the world, even though its two largest tributaries (the Negro and the Madeira River ) have not yet contributed to the flow volume. The Solimões portion of the Amazon River lies entirely in the state of Amazonas , Brazil, and some portion of the state is often referred to as the "Solimões region". The ecoregion of

420-573: The corridor was contained in protected areas in 2005. The corridor is of great ecological importance. It includes parts of several major rivers with different aquatic environments such as the Jutaí , Japurá , Juruá , Solimões, Tefé and Rio Negro, and many smaller rivers, streams, bayous, and várzea and terra firma lakes. It covers formations from the Tertiary period with terra firma and black water and Pleistocene and Holocene floodplains formed by

450-607: The corridor was to retain the integrity of the large area covered by the corridor as far as possible without penalizing the local people. If protected area mosaics are shown to be compatible with the basic corridor design, a participatory process for internal zoning of the corridor may be established within the existing legislation. The secondary objectives of the corridor therefore aim at integrated management and participation by different social sectors in addition to those always considered in ecological corridors projects. An agreement to cooperate on restoration and environmental recovery

480-400: The deposit of white water sediments. Unlike other ecological corridors in Brazil there is very high connectivity between the conservation units, so genetic transfer has not been strangled by human disturbance in the unprotected areas. Implementation of protected reserves and parks has not guaranteed sustainability of natural systems due in part to lack of supporting infrastructure and staff, to

510-527: The discharge of the Congo River . On the further course towards the Amazon, the mean discharge of the Madeira increases up to 31,200 m /s (1,100,000 cu ft/s). Between Guajará-Mirim and the falls of Teotônio, the Madeira receives the drainage of the north-eastern slopes of the Andes from Santa Cruz de la Sierra to Cuzco , the whole of the south-western slope of Brazilian Mato Grosso and

540-436: The entire upper Madeira basin receiving 170.5 cm (5.6 ft). The greatest extremes of rainfall are between 49 and 700 cm (1.6–23 ft). Even just below the confluence that forms it, the Madeira is one of the largest rivers by discharge of the world, with a mean inter-annual discharge of 18,000 cubic metres per second (640,000 cu ft/s), i.e., 568 km (136 cu mi) per year, approximately half

570-595: The following conservation units: Solim%C3%B5es River Solimões ( Portuguese pronunciation: [soliˈmõjs] ) is the name often given to upper stretches of the Amazon River in Brazil from its confluence with the Rio Negro upstream to the border of Peru . The Solimões flows for about 1,600 km (1,000 miles) through a floodplain about 80 km (50 miles) wide. The Amazon / Solimões river just above

600-530: The implementation of the Madeira river complex. Yet, if the fish ladders fail, "several valuable migratory fish species could suffer near-extinction as a result of the Madeira dams." There are also concerns with deforestation and pressure on conservation areas and indigenous peoples' territories. The Worldwatch institute has also criticized the fast-track approval process for "kindler, gentler dams with smaller reservoirs, designed to lessen social and environmental impacts", claiming that no project should "fast-track

630-599: The impounded reservoir and the downstream river. If the project is completed, "more than 4,000 km [2,500 mi] of waterways upstream from the dams in Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru would become navigable." As typical of Amazonian rivers with the primary headwaters in the Andes, the Madeira River is turbid because of high sediment levels and it is whitewater , but some of its tributaries are clearwater (e.g., Aripuanã and Ji-Paraná ) or blackwater (e.g., Manicoré ). The Bolivian river dolphin , variously considered

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660-421: The isolation of the protected units as islands, and to lack of involvement of actors within and around the protected unit. In an attempt to address this, ecological corridors are assembled from protected areas, indigenous lands and areas with different types of land use, forming a connected whole. The management approach is participatory, involving government and non-government actors. The Central Amazon Corridor and

690-471: The latter tributary the flow of river changes to north-eastward direction, inland of Rondônia state of Brazil. The section of the river from the border to Porto Velho has notable drop of bed and was not navigable. Before 2012 the falls of Teotônio and of San Antônio existed here, they had higher flow rate and bigger level drop than more famous Boyoma Falls in Africa. Currently these rapids are submerged by

720-559: The northern slope of the Chiquitos sierras. In total, this catchment area, which is slightly more than the combined area of all headwaters, is 850,000 km (330,000 sq mi), almost equal in size to France and Spain combined. The waters flow into the Madeira from many large rivers, the principal of which, (from east to west), are the Guaporé or Iténez , the Baures and Blanco ,

750-469: The reservoir of Santo Antônio Dam . Below Porto Velho the Madeira meanders north-eastward through the Rondônia and Amazonas states of north west Brazil to its junction with the Amazon . The 283,117 hectares (2,800 km ; 1,100 sq mi) Rio Madeira Sustainable Development Reserve , created in 2006, extends along the north bank of the river opposite the town of Novo Aripuanã . At its mouth

780-549: The rest of the country are concerned, to bring in part of its raw materials, and export its produce to the major consumer centres of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro . In 2012, the cargo amounted to 287,835 tons (both directions). The total tonnage shipped in 2012 on the Madeira accounted to 5,076,014. Two large dams (see below) are under construction as part of the IIRSA regional integration project. The dam projects include large ship-locks capable of moving oceangoing vessels between

810-399: The states of Acre , Rondônia and parts of Mato Grosso are supplied mainly with gasoline (petrol) refined in Manaus . Cargo barges also use the Madeira on the route between Manaus and Porto Velho, which is 1,225 km (760 mi) along the Rio Negro , Amazon and Madeira, connecting Manaus' industrial district with the rest of Brazil, as Manaus is land-locked as far as logistics with

840-456: The upper and lower portions of the river as the Amazon . 04°38′09″S 70°15′57″W  /  4.63583°S 70.26583°W  / -4.63583; -70.26583 This article related to a river in the Brazilian state of Amazonas is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Madeira River The Madeira River (Portuguese: Rio Madeira [maˈdejɾɐ] )

870-491: The upper branches of the river Madeira find their way to the falls across the open, almost level Mojos and Beni plains, 90,000 km (35,000 sq mi) of which are yearly flooded to an average depth of about one meter (3 ft) for a period of from three to four months. From its source in the confluence of Madre de Dios and Mamoré rivers and downstream to Abuna River the Madeira flows northward forming border between Bolivia and Brazil . Below its confluence with

900-589: Was signed on 24 August 2010 between the Ministry of the Environment and the University of Amazonas Foundation. The purpose was to define methods of ensuring support for restoring degraded areas in the ecological corridors, enabling and involving the actors in the native species forestry production chain, and protecting the biodiversity of the corridor through participatory management and social mobilization in

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