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26-592: It is one of the two boroughs (the other being Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg ) which were formerly divided between East Berlin and West Berlin . Mitte encompasses Berlin's historic core and includes some of the most important tourist sites of Berlin like the Reichstag and Berlin Hauptbahnhof , Checkpoint Charlie , Museum Island , the TV tower , Brandenburg Gate , Unter den Linden , Potsdamer Platz , Alexanderplatz ,

52-797: A migration background, making it one of the highest percentages alongside Gesundbrunnen , Neukölln , Kreuzberg and Wedding . Moabit is mentioned in countless books and films taking place in Germany or Berlin, primarily in reference to criminal court cases or incarcerations at the Central Criminal Court (Kriminalgericht) and detention centre. The district features briefly in Jonathan Franzen 's 2015 novel Purity and also extensively in Dan Fesperman's 2018 novel Safe Houses. The Berlin-based band No Nebraska! released

78-456: Is Alexanderplatz with the prominent Fernsehturm (TV tower), Germany's highest building, and the large railway station with connections to many subway ( U-Bahn ), tramway ( Berlin trambahn ), city trains ( S-Bahn ) and buses. There are some important streets which connect Mitte with the other boroughs, e.g. the boulevard Unter den Linden which connects Alexanderplatz to the west with Brandenburg Gate and runs further as Straße des 17. Juni to

104-657: Is based in Moabit. The origin of the name Moabit is disputed. According to one account, it can be traced back to the Huguenots , in the time of King Frederick William I of Prussia . These French refugees are said to have named their new residence in reference to the Biblical description of the Israelites in the country of Moab , where they stayed before being allowed to enter Canaan . Other possible origins include

130-472: Is elected by the borough assembly, and positions in the borough administration ( Bezirksamt ) are apportioned based on party strength. Stefanie Remlinger of the Greens was elected mayor on 20 October 2022. Since the 2021 municipal elections, the composition of the borough administration is as follows: Mitte is twinned with: Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg Too Many Requests If you report this error to

156-725: Is the name of the biggest urban park in Mitte, located in the same-named locality . Tiergarten Park was established as a hunting ground in the 16th century by the Prussian kings. Today it is enclosed by densely built-up areas by Hansaviertel and Moabit in the north, the Government District in the east and the City West and the Embassy Quarter in the southwest. Many cultural monuments and memorials are located in

182-587: The Museum für Gegenwart . The Center for Art and Urbanism (ZK/U) is located on the grounds of the Stadtgarten Moabit, in the former Berlin-Moabit freight station. For a long time, Moabit was sparsely inhabited. Its population grew considerably after its incorporation into Berlin in 1861: Moabit's modern-day population is among Berlin's most diverse. As of 2022 , out of 84,148 inhabitants, 29,533 (35.10%) were non-German citizens. 46,113 (54.80%) had

208-659: The Victory Column and the centre of former West Berlin in Charlottenburg , or Karl-Marx-Allee from Alexanderplatz to Friedrichshain and the eastern suburbs. The former Mitte district had been established by the 1920 Greater Berlin Act and comprised large parts of the historic city around Alt-Berlin and Cölln . Brandenburg Gate was the western exit at the Berlin city boundary until 1861. Between 1961 and 1990,

234-804: The Weimar Republic , the 20-year-old Communist activist Olga Benário and several of her comrades managed to break into Moabit's prison and free the incarcerated Otto "Li De" Braun , a prominent party member and at the time Benario's lover. Despite being hotly hunted, the two lovers succeeded in escaping to Moscow and later rose (separately) to prominence in the International Communist movement (in Brazil and China respectively). Between 1941 and 1945, around 1900 Jews were deported predominantly to Auschwitz , Theresienstadt or Minsk . Approximately as many survived by escaping abroad. After

260-481: The " separate system " of Pentonville Prison . In 1878 Max Hödel , who had shot at Emperor Wilhelm I of Germany , was beheaded here. Political activists like Karl Radek , Erich Mühsam and Musa Cälil were detained in Moabit. Wilhelm Voigt , the "Hauptmann von Köpenick", and the writer Wolfgang Borchert served their prison sentences in the prison. The vast building of the Criminal Court on Turmstraße

286-521: The German ( Berlin dialect ) "Moorjebiet" (swamp area). In the 13th century the waste area along the road to Spandau known as Grosse Stadtheide ("great city heath ") was a hunting ground of the electors of Brandenburg . Settlement began in 1685 with the erection of the Staakensetzerhaus at the western border of what is now Moabit. 1716 saw the formation of the colony of Old Moabit by

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312-460: The Huguenots, who were meant to cultivate white mulberry trees for silkworms , but failed because of the low soil quality. In 1818 New Moabit was founded and grew together with Old Moabit to an industrial suburb district, which was incorporated into the city of Berlin in 1861. The industrialization started in 1820 when, with the financial support of court counsellor Baillif, a simple bridge

338-802: The Tiergarten Park, like the Siegessäule , the Soviet War Memorial and a historic rose garden. The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe , the biggest victim group of the Nazi dictatorship, is located on the east side of the park, near the Brandenburg Gate and near the place where Hitler's New Reich Chancellery once was. The Kulturforum was built in the 1950s and 1960s at the edge of West Berlin , after most of

364-588: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.133 via cp1102 cp1102, Varnish XID 552370617 Upstream caches: cp1102 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 05:37:57 GMT Moabit Moabit ( German: [moaˈbiːt] ) is an inner city locality in the borough of Mitte , Berlin , Germany. As of 2022, about 84,000 people lived in Moabit. First inhabited in 1685 and incorporated into Berlin in 1861,

390-608: The area's East Berlin portion was surrounded by the Berlin Wall on the north, south and west. There were some border control points, the most notable of which was Checkpoint Charlie between Kreuzberg and Mitte, which was operated by the United States Army and was open to foreigners and diplomats. Two other checkpoints were at Heinrich-Heine-Straße/ Prinzenstraße east of Checkpoint Charlie, open to citizens of West Germany and West Berlin and on Invalidenstraße in

416-421: The borough had a population of 322,919, of whom 144.000 (44.5%) had a migration background. In the former West Berlin areas of Wedding, Gesundbrunnen and Moabit, foreigners and Germans of foreign origin compose nearly 70% of the population, while in Mitte proper the share of migrants is relatively low. The immigrant community is quite diverse, however, Turks , Africans , Eastern Europeans and East Asians form

442-644: The former industrial and working-class neighbourhood is fully surrounded by three watercourses, which define its present-day border. Between 1945 and 1990, Moabit was part of the British sector of West Berlin and directly bordered East Berlin . Until the administrative reform in 2001, Moabit was a part of the district of Tiergarten . Colloquially, the name Moabit also refers to the Central Criminal Court ( Strafgericht ) and detention centre, which deals with all criminal cases in Berlin and

468-648: The isolation of the tuberculosis bacterium. A teaching hospital from 1920 on, the Krankenhaus Moabit employed notable physicians like the Nobel Laureate Werner Forssmann , Lydia Rabinowitsch-Kempner and the resistance fighter Georg Groscurth . A first prison, the Zellengefängnis (Cell Prison) on Lehrter Strasse was built between 1842 and 1849 by order of King Frederick William IV of Prussia , according to

494-590: The largest groups. The governing body of Mitte is the borough assembly ( Bezirksverordnetenversammlung ). It has responsibility for passing laws and electing the borough administration, including the mayor. The most recent borough assembly election was held on 26 September 2021, and led to a coalition between the Greens and the social democrats. ( Zählgemeinschaft ) Stephan von Dassel (Greens, 2021-2022) 30/55 28/55 28/55 32/55 The 2021 results were as follows: The borough mayor ( Bezirksbürgermeister )

520-769: The latter six of which were in former East Berlin. Mitte ( German for "middle", "centre") is located in the central part of Berlin along the Spree River. It borders on Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf in the west, Reinickendorf in the north, Pankow in the east, Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg in the southeast, and Tempelhof-Schöneberg in the southwest. In the middle of the Spree lies Museum Island ( Museumsinsel ) with its museums, Berlin Cathedral ( Berliner Dom ) and Berlin Palace ( Berliner Schloss ). The central square in Mitte

546-783: The north on the border with the West Berlin Tiergarten district (the present-day Moabit locality). The government district is located in the locality of Tiergarten around the Reichstag Building. Most institutions of the German government have their seat at the Regierungsviertel Many embassies and the Federal Ministry of Defence in the historic embassy quarter in the south of the Tiergarten Park . Großer Tiergarten

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572-717: The once unified city's cultural assets had been lost behind the Berlin Wall . The Kulturforum is characterized by its innovative modernist architecture; several buildings are distinguished by the organic designs of Hans Scharoun , and the Neue Nationalgalerie was designed by Mies van der Rohe , albeit originally as a private house. Among the cultural institutions housed in and around the Kulturforum are: The present-day borough of Mitte consists of six localities: (the former Mitte borough) (the former Tiergarten borough) (the former Wedding borough) As of 2010,

598-453: The population and the subsequent construction of tenements in Moabit and neighbouring Wedding , facilitating the spread of a smallpox epidemic. In consequence, Berlin's city council, exhorted to do so by Rudolf Virchow , built a second hospital (after the Charité ), the Krankenhaus Moabit in 1872. In the 1880s, Robert Koch worked here on the sterilization of surgical instruments and

624-884: The war, between 1945 and 1990, Moabit was part of the British sector of West Berlin . Due to its new peripheral location adjacent to the Berlin Wall , Moabit became a remote neighbourhood. Similar to Kreuzberg, it attracted mostly immigrants due to its low rents. With the fall of the Berlin Wall, Moabit's location has anew changed to its former centrality. Post-reunification, Moabit has faced problems such as drug trafficking and abuse (especially around Kleiner Tiergarten ), poverty (most notably in its Western parts), and crime. Similar to neighbouring Wedding, lower rents have recently attracted artists and young people, and there are first unmistakable signs of gentrification . At its eastern edge, bordering Mitte, Moabit's neoclassical train station now serves as Berlin's contemporary art museum,

650-750: Was built to connect the island to the Berlin mainland. The bridge was followed by factories, a power plant, the Berlin-Spandau Canal, the Westhafen port and the Hamburger Bahnhof train station which connected Berlin with Hamburg . A network of streets was laid out in the Hobrecht-Plan in an area that came to be known architecturally as the Wilhelmine Ring . All of that activity resulted in an exponential growth of

676-741: Was erected in 1906. In 1909, architect Peter Behrens built the AEG 's Turbine factory at the north-western Huttenstraße , one of the first works of Modern architecture . Large parts of Moabit are traditional working-class residential areas. Some areas were known for their political activity during the Nazi era, such as the Red Beusselkiez or the neighbouring Rostock Kiez . After the Nazi Machtergreifung in 1933 they were considered Communist resistance cells. On 11 April 1928, during

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