71-595: Central Falls is a city in Providence County, Rhode Island , United States. The population was 22,583 at the 2020 census . With an area of only 1.29 square miles (3.3 km), it is the smallest and most densely populated city in the smallest state, and the 23rd most densely populated incorporated place in the United States . It is also one of only four incorporated places in New England that have
142-507: A combined question and a MENA category, while also collecting additional detail to enable data disaggregation. The OMB states, "many federal programs are put into effect based on the race data obtained from the decennial census (i.e., promoting equal employment opportunities; assessing racial disparities in health and environmental risks). Race data is also critical for the basic research behind many policy decisions. States require this data to meet legislative redistricting requirements. The data
213-549: A high school friend, Michael G. Bouthillette, who was granted almost $ 2 million in overpriced property boarding fees. The article further states that Bouthillette gave him a $ 6,875 furnace for his home for only $ 6,000, which Moreau said he paid in cash. Bouthillette was a donor to Moreau's multiple reelection campaigns. These allegations and others are being investigated by the Rhode Island State Police . Central Falls's government's financial straits worsened in
284-660: A higher population density than the city of Boston (ranking second, behind the Massachusetts city of Somerville , an inner suburb of Boston). The city takes its name from a waterfall on the Blackstone River . Central Falls went into receivership in May 2010, then filed for bankruptcy on August 1, 2011. After cutting jobs and services, it came out of bankruptcy in September 2012. Before Europeans arrived,
355-522: A household in the city was $ 22,628, and the median income for a family was $ 26,844. Males had a median income of $ 23,854 versus $ 18,544 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 10,825. About 25.9% of families and 29.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 40.8% of those under age 18 and 29.3% of those age 65 or over. Residents are served by the Central Falls School District . This school district
426-586: A mayor-council government led by Mayor Maria Rivera. The city council consists of five wards and is represented by Jonathan Acosta, Robert Ferri, Hugo Figueroa, Franklin Solano, and Jessica Vega. The Pawtucket Water Supply Board owns and operates the water system. On April 25, 2010, the Providence Journal Bulletin ran an article detailing rampant fraud and corruption by Mayor Charles D. Moreau, outlining no-bid contracts and kickbacks from
497-490: A median household income of $ 28,901 during the 2012-2016 estimates, making it the poorest municipality in Rhode Island. As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 18,928 people, 6,696 households, and 4,359 families residing in the city. The population density was 15,652.0 inhabitants per square mile (6,043.3/km). There were 7,270 housing units at an average density of 6,011.7 per square mile (2,321.1/km). The racial makeup of
568-533: A person's origins considered in the census. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino." However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of US Commission on Civil Rights . In 1997,
639-524: A race. Enumerators were instructed that all people born in Mexico, or whose parents were born in Mexico, should be listed as Mexicans, and not under any other racial category. In prior censuses and in 1940, enumerators were instructed to list Mexican Americans as white, perhaps because some of them were of white background (mainly Spanish), many others mixed white and Native American and some of them Native American. The supplemental American Indian questionnaire
710-616: A social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and, "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country". The OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the census to be not "scientific or anthropological", and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups. Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with
781-534: Is from the Indian subcontinent ) were counted as White. There was a questionnaire that was asked of only a sample of respondents. These questions were as follows: Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent Is this person's origin or descent? Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central American Other Spanish No, none of these This year added several options to the race question, including Vietnamese, Indian (East), Guamanian, Samoan, and re-added Aleut. Again,
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#1732790838687852-488: Is funded and appointed by the State of Rhode Island Department of Education . In February 2010, the entire faculty and administrative staff of Central Falls High School was fired after the teachers' union refused to accept one of the " No Child Left Behind " options for restructuring failing schools. In accordance with NCLB legislation, schools deemed failing have four options to follow for restructuring. The superintendent chose
923-534: Is in the building originally serving St. Matthew's. St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Academy is the only non-public school in Central Falls. In the Rhode Island Senate , Central Falls is in the 16th District, represented by Democrat Jonathan Acosta. At the federal level, Central Falls is a part of Rhode Island's 1st congressional district , represented by Democrat David N. Cicilline . The city has
994-564: Is located in Providence County, in the city of Cranston . Providence County was constituted on June 22, 1703, as the County of Providence Plantations. It consisted of five towns, namely Providence, Warwick, Westerly, Kingstown, and Greenwich and encompassed territory in present-day Kent and Washington counties. Washington County was split off as King's County in 1729, while Kent County was split off in 1750. The town of Cumberland
1065-607: Is needed to monitor compliance with the Voting Rights Act by local jurisdictions". Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act and monitoring/enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act ). Data on ethnic groups is also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of
1136-625: The New England Textile Strike over an attempted wage cut and hours increase. In recent decades, a large number of Hispanic immigrants have resided in Central Falls. Central Falls has historically been an extremely diverse city, so much so that when the city celebrated its 100th anniversary with a parade in 1995, more than 100 countries were represented. Central Falls is located at 41°53′24″N 71°23′33″W / 41.89000°N 71.39250°W / 41.89000; -71.39250 (41.889863, −71.392606). According to
1207-859: The Secretary of State , directed US Marshals to collect data from all 13 original states, and from the Southwest Territory . The census was not conducted in Vermont until 1791, after that state's admission to the Union as the 14th state on March 4 of that year. Some doubt surrounded the numbers, as President George Washington and Thomas Jefferson maintained the population was undercounted. The potential reasons Washington and Jefferson may have thought this could be refusal to participate, poor public transportation and roads, spread-out population, and restraints of current technology. No microdata from
1278-479: The U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 436 square miles (1,130 km ), of which 410 square miles (1,100 km ) is land and 26 square miles (67 km ) (6.0%) is water. It is the largest of Rhode Island's five counties by land area, but it's the smallest county in the United States that is a state's largest county. The county is drained by the Blackstone River , which runs partly along
1349-476: The US Constitution and applicable laws. The law required that every household be visited, that completed census schedules be posted in two of the most public places within each jurisdiction, remain for the inspection of all concerned, and that "the aggregate amount of each description of persons" for every district be transmitted to the president . The US Marshals were also responsible for governing
1420-603: The United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 1.3 square miles (3.4 km), of which 1.2 square miles (3.1 km) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km) (6.20%) is water. It is drained by the Blackstone River . The 2020 United States census counted 22,583 people, 7,700 households, and 4,315 families in Central Falls. The population density was 18,913.7 per square mile (7,302.6/km). There were 8,191 housing units at an average density of 6,860.1 per square mile (2,648.7/km). The racial makeup
1491-541: The United States census , the US Census Bureau and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) define a set of self-identified categories of race and ethnicity chosen by residents, with which they most closely identify. Residents can indicate their origins alongside their race, and are asked specifically whether they are of Hispanic or Latino origin in a separate question. The racial categories represent
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#17327908386871562-484: The state capital of Rhode Island and the county's (and state's) most populous city, with an estimated 190,934 residents in 2020. Providence County is included in the Providence- Warwick , RI- MA Metropolitan Statistical Area , which in turn constitutes a portion of the greater Boston- Worcester -Providence, MA-RI- NH - CT Combined Statistical Area . As of 2010, the center of population in Rhode Island
1633-417: The "Color or Race" question was slightly modified, removing the term "Mulatto". Also, there was an inclusion of an "Indian Population Schedule" in which "enumerators were instructed to use a special expanded questionnaire for American Indians living on reservations or in family groups off of reservations." This expanded version included the question "Fraction of person's lineage that is white." The 1910 census
1704-425: The "turnaround model", which requires a district to fire the entire staff (teachers and administrators). They may rehire up to 50% of the teachers for the beginning of the next school year. The school has a graduation rate of around 50%, and 7% of 11th-graders were proficient in mathematics in 2009. This school had been identified as one of the worst in the state. The teachers' union sued the school district, challenging
1775-532: The 1790 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas and their compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System . However, the categories of "Free white males" of 16 years and upward, including heads of families under 16 years, "Free white females", including heads of families, All other free persons, and "Slaves," existed in
1846-414: The 2000 and 2010 censuses. The following questions were asked of a sample of respondents for the 1990 census : The 1990 census was not designed to capture multiple racial responses, and when individuals marked the "other" race option and provided a multiple write-in. The response was assigned according to the race written first. "For example, a write-in of 'black-white' was assigned a code of 'black,' while
1917-522: The 2000s as the state cut money to cities and towns, and pensions and pensioner health insurance for city employees accumulated to the extent that the city government declared insolvency in May 2010 and went into receivership . On August 1, 2011, Central Falls filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 9, Title 11 of the United States Code. It made the filing as it grappled with an $ 80 million unfunded pension and retiree health benefit liability that
1988-412: The 7,700 households, 43.0% had children under the age of 18; 31.9% were married couples living together; 36.2% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 26.4% of households consisted of individuals and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.1 and the average family size was 3.7. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher
2059-467: The OMB built on the 1997 guidelines and suggested the addition of a Middle Eastern or North African (MENA) racial category and considered combining racial and ethnic categories into one question. In March 2024, the Office of Management and Budget published revisions to Statistical Policy Directive No. 15: Standards for Maintaining, Collecting, and Presenting Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity that included
2130-405: The OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. The OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the federal government ". The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws. Among
2201-404: The age of 18 and 17.8% of those ages 65 or over. As of the 2010 U.S. Census , Central Falls was the only majority-minority municipality in Rhode Island with 60.31 percent of its residents identifying as Hispanic/Latino with Puerto Ricans, Guatemalans, and Colombians making up the largest share among the ethnicity. According to the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey, Central Falls had
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2272-429: The age of 18 living with them, 44.50% were married couples living together, 14.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.30% were non-families. 29.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.11. In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.00% under
2343-469: The age of 18, 11.10% from 18 to 24, 29.80% from 25 to 44, 20.50% from 45 to 64, and 14.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.90 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 36,950, and the median income for a family was $ 46,694. Males had a median income of $ 35,336 versus $ 26,322 for females. The per capita income for
2414-571: The area was home to Nipmuc , Wampanoag and Narragansett peoples. Central Falls has historic significance as the site of a major battle during King Philip's War. It was here, on March 26, 1676, that Narragansett Indians ambushed Captain Michael Pierce and his Plymouth Colony troops who (with 20 Christian Wampanoag Indians) were pursuing them. Nearly all those ambushed were killed, including nine taken prisoner and later tortured to death at nearby Cumberland, Rhode Island. A stone memorial marks
2485-418: The census form. In 1800 and 1810, the age question regarding free white males was more detailed with five cohorts and included All other free persons, except "Indians not taxed", and "Slaves". The 1820 census built on the questions asked in 1810 by asking age questions about slaves. Also the term "colored" entered the census nomenclature. In addition, a question stating "Number of foreigners not naturalized"
2556-418: The census. About one-third of the original census data has been lost or destroyed since documentation. The data was lost in 1790–1830, and included data from Connecticut , Delaware , Georgia , Maine , Maryland , Massachusetts , New Hampshire , New Jersey , New York , North Carolina , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , South Carolina , Vermont , and Virginia . However, the census was proven factual and
2627-483: The changes, The OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of mixed-race children and wanting to record diversity in a measurable way after having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge theirs and their children's full ancestry, rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the census and other government data collections asked people to report singular races. As of 2023,
2698-414: The city of Central Falls. While Quakers made up the majority of the first European settlers in the area, they were soon followed by a diverse mix of immigrants from Ireland , Scotland and French Canada . By the 20th century, Central Falls had experienced its own population explosion and for a while was the nation's most densely populated city. In 1922, it's textile mills were temporarily shutdown by
2769-555: The city was 57.16% White, 5.82% African American, 0.57% Native American, 0.68% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 28.35% from other races, and 7.38% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 47.77% of the population. There were 6,696 households, out of which 38.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.4% were married couples living together, 21.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who
2840-420: The county and the state of Rhode Island is Jerimoth Hill at 812 feet (247 m). Sea level is the lowest point. As of the census of 2000, there were 621,602 people, 239,936 households, and 152,839 families living in the county. The population density was 1,504 inhabitants per square mile (581/km ). There were 253,214 housing units at an average density of 613 per square mile (237/km ). The racial makeup of
2911-414: The county was $ 19,255. About 11.90% of families and 15.50% of the population were below the poverty line , including 22.30% of those under age 18 and 12.70% of those age 65 or over. Providence County is 71% Catholic, making it among the most Catholic counties in the country. As of the 2010 United States Census , there were 626,667 people, 241,717 households, and 149,691 families living in
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2982-601: The county was 78.38% White , 6.55% Black or African American , 0.51% Native American , 2.90% Asian , 0.07% Pacific Islander , 8.02% from other races , and 3.58% from two or more races. 13.39% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 19.0% were of Italian , 10.9% Irish , 8.1% French , 7.7% Portuguese , 7.2% French Canadian and 5.8% English ancestry according to Census 2000 . 72.7% spoke English , 13.4% Spanish , 4.9% Portuguese , 2.5% French and 1.6% Italian as their first language. There were 239,936 households, out of which 30.70% had children under
3053-428: The county. The population density was 1,530.3 inhabitants per square mile (590.9/km ). There were 264,835 housing units at an average density of 646.7 per square mile (249.7/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 73.4% white, 8.5% black or African American, 3.7% Asian, 0.7% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 9.6% from other races, and 4.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 18.8% of
3124-657: The decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness. The 1940 census
3195-536: The design of the population questionnaire. Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family. Additionally, this was the first year that the census distinguished among different Asian ethnic groups, such as Japanese and Chinese , due to increased immigration. This census also marked the beginning of the term "race" in the questionnaires. Enumerators were instructed to write "White", "Black", "Mulatto", " Quadroon ", "Octoroon", "Chinese", "Japanese", or " Indian ". During 1900,
3266-629: The east border, the Woonasquatucket River in the central part of the county, joining with the smaller Moshassuck River in downtown Providence , and the Pawtuxet , which forms a portion of the southeastern boundary of the county. The Pawtuxet is dammed in the western part of the county to form the Scituate Reservoir , which supplies drinking water for Providence and surrounding communities. The highest natural point in
3337-456: The existence of most of this data can be confirmed in many secondary sources pertaining to the first census. Census data included the name of the head of the family and categorized inhabitants as: free white males at least 16 years of age (to assess the country's industrial and military potential), free white males under 16 years of age, free white females, all other free persons (reported by sex and color), and slaves . Thomas Jefferson , then
3408-487: The free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person were white, marked "B" if a person were black, and marked "M" if a person were mulatto . Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave were black and an "M" if mulatto. For 1890, the Census Office changed
3479-458: The heavily liberal region of New England , Providence County is a Democratic stronghold. Richard Nixon is the last Republican presidential candidate to have won the county, doing so in his 1972 landslide. Even then, Nixon only carried it by a very narrow margin. K-12: Secondary: Elementary: There is a state-operated school: Rhode Island School for the Deaf . White (U.S. Census) In
3550-497: The mass grave at the site known as " Nine Men's Misery ". In the 18th century, Captain Stephen Jenks built a trip hammer and blacksmith shop along the Blackstone River , forming the nucleus of what eventually became Central Falls. Other manufacturers, including a chocolate maker , set up shop in the building, and the new village became known as Chocolateville. In 1824, Jenks suggested the name Central Falls, thus giving
3621-420: The median household income was $ 34,689 (with a margin of error of +/- $ 2,947) and the median family income was $ 36,928 (+/- $ 4,820). Males had a median income of $ 24,390 (+/- $ 2,861) versus $ 21,893 (+/- $ 3,074) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $ 23,205 (+/- $ 2,867). Approximately, 23.7% of families and 29.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 39.4% of those under
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#17327908386873692-618: The population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Service Act ; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act ). The 1790 United States census was the first census in the history of the United States. The population of the United States was recorded as 3,929,214 as of Census Day, August 2, 1790, as mandated by Article I, Section 2 of
3763-413: The population. The largest ancestry groups were: Of the 241,717 households, 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.8% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 38.1% were non-families, and 30.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.11. The median age
3834-451: The race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro", no matter the fraction of that lineage (the " one-drop rule "). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless they were considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both white and American Indian ancestry
3905-511: The racial question, and also removed Hindu and Korean from the race choices. The 1960 census re-added the word "color" to the racial question, and changed "Indian" to "American Indian", as well as adding Hawaiian, Part-Hawaiian, Aleut, and Eskimo. The "Other (print out race)" option was removed. This year's census included "Negro or Black", re-added Korean and the Other race option. East Indians (the term used at that time for people whose ancestry
3976-555: The requirement that teachers reapply for their jobs. The Obama administration sided with the school board. In May 2010, the teachers were rehired when they agreed to work the extra time required. As of the 2000 U.S. census , 5.9% of Central Falls residents 25 and older have a bachelor's or advanced college degree. There has been at least one Catholic school in Central Falls since 1895. By 1908, there were three: St. Matthew's, Holy Trinity, and Notre Dame. In 1995, these three schools combined to create St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Academy, which
4047-427: The term "color" was removed from the racial question, and the following questions were asked of a sample of respondents: Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent Is this person of Spanish/Hispanic origin or descent? No, not Spanish/Hispanic Yes, Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano Yes, Puerto Rican Yes, Cuban Yes, other Spanish/Hispanic The racial categories in this year are as they appear in
4118-453: The village its permanent name. Central Falls was incorporated as a town in 1730. Originally, Central Falls was one of the many villages within the town of Smithfield , but in 1871, having experienced a growth spurt, it split into three smaller towns: Smithfield, North Smithfield and Lincoln . Central Falls then became part of the town of Lincoln. Lincoln experienced its own growth spurt, so in 1895 Lincoln split into two towns, giving rise to
4189-419: The vote, mirroring his performance in other majority-Hispanic areas. Despite this, Joe Biden still won by an overwhelming percentage. Providence County, Rhode Island Providence County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Rhode Island . As of the 2020 census , the county's population was 660,741, or 60.2% of the state's population. Providence County contains the city of Providence ,
4260-407: Was 27.93% (6,308) white or European American (18.36% non-Hispanic white ), 7.47% (1,687) black or African-American , 2.32% (523) Native American or Alaska Native , 0.59% (134) Asian , 0.08% (17) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian , 39.14% (8,840) from other races , and 22.47% (5,074) from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race was 65.32% (14,752) of the population. Of
4331-422: Was 37.0 years. The median income for a household in the county was $ 48,500 and the median income for a family was $ 61,265. Males had a median income of $ 44,964 versus $ 36,447 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 25,169. About 11.6% of families and 15.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 22.1% of those under age 18 and 11.5% of those age 65 or over. As an urban county in
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#17327908386874402-450: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.38. In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.2% under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 31.6% from 25 to 44, 15.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.7 males. The median income for
4473-487: Was acquired from Massachusetts and added to Providence County in 1746–47, and the towns of East Providence and Pawtucket were made part of Providence County when the final border with Massachusetts was settled in 1862. County government in Rhode Island was abolished in 1842. Providence County, like other counties in Rhode Island, has no governmental functions (other than as court administrative and sheriff corrections boundaries which are part of state government). According to
4544-443: Was back, but in abbreviated form. It featured a question asking if the person was of full or mixed American Indian ancestry. President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a Good Neighbor policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935, a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent
4615-421: Was estimated to be 5.2% of the population. 28.4% of the population was under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.4 years. For every 100 females, the population had 97.4 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 98.8 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that
4686-423: Was included. In the 1830 census, a new question, which stated, "The number of White persons who were foreigners not naturalized" was included. The 1850 census had a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. Two questionnaires were used - one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on
4757-417: Was over five times its annual budget of $ 17 million. Like most other majority-minority urban municipalities, Central Falls is overwhelmingly Democratic in presidential elections. No Republican has come remotely close to winning the city in over three decades, during which time voters have consistently backed Democratic nominees with lopsided majorities. In 2020, however, Donald Trump won a massive increase in
4828-421: Was similar to 1910, but excluded a separate schedule for American Indians. "Hin", "Kor", and "Fil" were also added to the "Color or Race" question, signifying Hindu (Asian Indian), Korean, and Filipino, respectively. The biggest change in this census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting
4899-538: Was similar to that of 1900, but it included a reinsertion of "Mulatto" and a question about the "mother tongue" of foreign-born individuals and individuals with foreign-born parents. "Ot" was also added to signify "other races", with space for a race to be written in. This decade's version of the Indian Population Schedule featured questions asking the individual's proportion of white, black, or American Indian lineage. The 1920 census questionnaire
4970-415: Was the first to include separate population and housing questionnaires. The race category of "Mexican" was eliminated in 1940, and the population of Mexican descent was counted with the white population. 1940 census data was used for Japanese American internment . The Census Bureau's role was denied for decades, but was finally proven in 2007. The 1950 census questionnaire removed the word "color" from
5041-410: Was to be recorded as American Indian, unless their Indigenous ancestry was small, and they were accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had white and some other racial ancestry, they were to be reported as that other race. People who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father. For the first and only time, "Mexican" was listed as
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