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22-589: The ridges of this system are largely barren and desolate. About half of their area is above the Arctic Circle . The climate is one of the harshest in the Russian Federation , with minimum absolute temperatures reaching -73°С. Traditionally Chukchi people lived only in few intermontane areas, such as the Amguema valley that cuts across the vast mountain zone. The Chukotka Mountains are one of

44-471: A combination of both separated from the surrounding terrain by steep sides. The sides of a ridge slope away from a narrow top, the crest or ridgecrest , with the terrain dropping down on either side. The crest, if narrow, is also called a ridgeline . Limitations on the dimensions of a ridge are lacking. Its height above the surrounding terrain can vary from less than a meter to hundreds of meters. A ridge can be either depositional , erosional , tectonic , or

66-419: A combination of regional tectonics, recent instrumentally recorded events, accounts of historical earthquakes, and geomorphological evidence. This information can then be used to quantify the seismic hazard of an area. Impact tectonics is the study of modification of the lithosphere through high velocity impact cratering events. Techniques used in the analysis of tectonics on Earth have also been applied to

88-400: A combination of these in origin and can consist of either bedrock , loose sediment , lava , or ice depending on its origin. A ridge can occur as either an isolated, independent feature or part of a larger geomorphological and/or structural feature. Frequently, a ridge can be further subdivided into smaller geomorphic or structural elements. As in the case of landforms in general, there is

110-473: A continental climate while the mountain ranges are under the influence of an oceanic climate , which is felt more in the lower altitude mountains and less in the medium-high ones. The lower slopes of the mountains have tundra vegetation, often marshy in the intermontane basins , while the higher altitudes are Arctic desert . Rivers are abundant in fish. Ridge A ridge is a long, narrow, elevated geomorphologic landform , structural feature , or

132-419: A lack of any commonly agreed classification or typology of ridges. They can be defined and classified on the basis of a variety of factors including either genesis, morphology, composition, statistical analysis of remote sensing data, or some combinations of these factors. An example of ridge classification is that of Schoeneberger and Wysocki, which provides a relatively simple and straightforward system that

154-524: A process ultimately driven by the continuous loss of heat from the Earth's interior. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent , where plates move apart from each other and new lithosphere is formed in the process of sea-floor spreading ; transform , where plates slide past each other, and convergent , where plates converge and lithosphere is "consumed" by the process of subduction . Convergent and transform boundaries are responsible for most of

176-415: Is found at divergent plate boundaries, in continental rifts , during and after a period of continental collision caused by the lateral spreading of the thickened crust formed, at releasing bends in strike-slip faults , in back-arc basins , and on the continental end of passive margin sequences where a detachment layer is present. Thrust tectonics is associated with the shortening and thickening of

198-572: Is used by the USA National Cooperative Soil Survey Program to classify ridges and other landforms. This system uses the dominant geomorphic process or setting to classify different groups of landforms into two major groups, Geomorphic Environments and Other Groupings with a total of 16 subgroups. The groups and their subgroups are not mutually exclusive; landforms, including ridges, can belong to multiple subgroups. In this classification, ridges are found in

220-529: The Bering Sea shore. The ranges of the northern area consist of sandstone and shale with granite intrusions , while those of the southern part are made up of volcanic rocks . The highest peak is Mount Iskhodnaya (Исходная) in the Chantal Range . which is 1,843 metres (6,047 ft) high — or 1,887 metres (6,191 ft) according to other sources. Among the rivers that have their source in

242-596: The Aeolian, Coastal Marine and Estuarine, Lacustrine, Glacial, Volcanic and Hydrothermal, Tectonic and Structural, Slope, and Erosional subgroups. Tectonics Tectonics (from Latin tectonicus ; from Ancient Greek τεκτονικός ( tektonikós )  'pertaining to building ') are the processes that result in the structure and properties of the Earth's crust and its evolution through time. The field of planetary tectonics extends

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264-432: The concept to other planets and moons. These processes include those of mountain-building , the growth and behavior of the strong, old cores of continents known as cratons , and the ways in which the relatively rigid plates that constitute the Earth's outer shell interact with each other. Principles of tectonics also provide a framework for understanding the earthquake and volcanic belts that directly affect much of

286-405: The crust of the Earth is dissected by thousands of different types of tectonic elements which define the subdivision into numerous smaller microplates which have amalgamated into the larger Plates. Salt tectonics is concerned with the structural geometries and deformation processes associated with the presence of significant thicknesses of rock salt within a sequence of rocks. This is due both to

308-656: The crust, or the lithosphere. This type of tectonics is found at zones of continental collision , at restraining bends in strike-slip faults, and at the oceanward part of passive margin sequences where a detachment layer is present. Strike-slip tectonics is associated with the relative lateral movement of parts of the crust or the lithosphere. This type of tectonics is found along oceanic and continental transform faults which connect offset segments of mid-ocean ridges . Strike-slip tectonics also occurs at lateral offsets in extensional and thrust fault systems. In areas involved with plate collisions strike-slip deformation occurs in

330-440: The global population. Tectonic studies are important as guides for economic geologists searching for fossil fuels and ore deposits of metallic and nonmetallic resources. An understanding of tectonic principles can help geomorphologists to explain erosion patterns and other Earth-surface features. Extensional tectonics is associated with the stretching and thinning of the crust or the lithosphere . This type of tectonics

352-418: The low density of salt, which does not increase with burial, and its low strength. Neotectonics is the study of the motions and deformations of the Earth's crust ( geological and geomorphological processes) that are current or recent in geological time . The term may also refer to the motions and deformations themselves. The corresponding time frame is referred to as the neotectonic period . Accordingly,

374-866: The mountains, the following deserve mention: the Amguema River with its tributaries Ekityki and Chantalveergyn , the Palyavaam , Pegtymel and Tanyurer of the Chukchi Sea side, as well as the Kanchalan and the Belaya River tributaries Bolshoi Pykarvaam and Bolshaya Osinovaya of the Pacific Ocean side. The largest lakes in the mountain area are Ekityki , Ervynaygytgyn , Yanranaygytgyn , Ioni , Pychgynmygytgyn , Medvezhye , Achchyon and Koolen . There are 47 small glaciers in

396-411: The over-riding plate in zones of oblique collision and accommodates deformation in the foreland to a collisional belt. In plate tectonics, the outermost part of the Earth known as the lithosphere (the crust and uppermost mantle ) act as a single mechanical layer. The lithosphere is divided into separate "plates" that move relative to each other on the underlying, relatively weak asthenosphere in

418-470: The preceding time is referred to as palaeotectonic period . Tectonophysics is the study of the physical processes associated with deformation of the crust and mantle from the scale of individual mineral grains up to that of tectonic plates. Seismotectonics is the study of the relationship between earthquakes, active tectonics, and individual faults in a region. It seeks to understand which faults are responsible for seismic activity in an area by analysing

440-623: The ranges of the highlands, with a total area of 13.53 square kilometers (5.22 sq mi). The system of the Chukotka Mountains comprises a number of subranges, including the following: The climate of the Chukotka Mountains area is severe, with short cool summers and very cold 8-month long winters where blizzards are common owing to the influence of both the Arctic Ocean and the Aleutian Low . The valley areas have

462-547: The two main mountain regions of Chukotka. They rise west and east of the isthmus area of the Chukchi Peninsula , in the central Chukotka region, bounded by the Anadyr Highlands in the southwest. They are composed of mountains of middle height displaying alpine relief, as well as low mountains. They stretch in roughly WNW/ESE direction for 450 kilometers (280 mi), between the head of Chaun Bay and

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484-520: The world's major ( M w > 7) earthquakes . Convergent and divergent boundaries are also the site of most of the world's volcanoes , such as around the Pacific Ring of Fire . Most of the deformation in the lithosphere is related to the interaction between plates at or near plate boundaries. The latest studies, based on the integration of available geological data, and satellite imagery and Gravimetric and magnetic anomaly datasets have shown that

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