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38-520: The Cha Kwo Ling Village ( 茶果嶺村 ), described as one of the last squatter villages in Hong Kong, has a population of approximately 2,400. It is located approximately 1.4 km (0.87 mi) northwest of Lei Yue Mun , adjacent to the Laguna City development. It lies at the foot of the hill and stretches along Cha Kwo Ling Road, which was built on reclaimed land and separates the village from

76-639: A common form of very low-cost housing in the rural United States and Canada. In the frontier history of the United States, freethinkers have often used shacks—small, rundown buildings or structures—as a place to develop new ideas outside the literal confines of the establishment. Professor Michael Lannoo and science writer and editor Eric Engles note the role of shacks in American culture as simple structures that "allow an uncluttered perspective on life's larger questions". Lanoo writes that shacks played

114-559: A densely populated neighbourhood with some buildings reaching six storeys high. There are theatres, schools, nurseries and local newspapers. In Argentina, shanty towns are known as villas miseria . As of 2011, there were 500,000 people living in 864 informal settlements in the metropolitan Buenos Aires area. In Peru, they are known as pueblos jóvenes ("young towns"), as campamentos in Chile , and as asentamientos in Guatemala. During

152-399: A long period of time and newer towns still lack basic services. Nevertheless, there has been a general trend whereby shanties undergo gradual improvements, rather than relocation to even more distant parts of a metropolis. In Africa, many shanty towns are starting to implement the use of composting toilets and solar panels . In India, people living in slums have access to cell phones and

190-854: A lot of dirty business and is popularly regarded as the King of Shanty Town. Video games such as Max Payne 3 have levels located in fictional shanty towns. Reggae singer Desmond Dekker sang a song called " 007 (Shanty Town) ". Shack A shack (or, in some areas, shanty ) is a type of small shelter or dwelling, often primitive or rudimentary in design and construction. Unlike huts , shacks are constructed by hand using available materials; however, whereas huts are usually rural and made of natural materials (mud, rocks, sticks, etc.) shacks are generally composed of scavenged man-made materials like abandoned construction debris , repurposed consumer waste and other useful discarded objects that can be quickly acquired at little or no cost and fashioned into

228-512: A shanty town built on a former mangrove swamp in Mumbai . It is one of the most densely populated places on the globe. In 2011, there were at least four improvised settlements in Mumbai containing even more people. There are in total 3.4 million people living in the 5,000 informal settlements of Bangladesh's capital city Dhaka . Thailand has 5,500 informal settlements, one of the largest being

266-748: A shanty town in the Khlong Toei District of Bangkok . In China, 171 urban villages were demolished before the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. As of 2005, there were 346 shanty towns in Beijing, housing 1.5 million people. Author Robert Neuwirth wrote that around six million people, half the population of Istanbul lived in gecekondu areas. In Hong Kong, the Kowloon Walled City housed up to 50,000 people, with rooftop slums currently providing some additional housing . The world's largest shanty town

304-406: A small dwelling . In areas of high population density and high poverty, shacks are often the most prevalent form of housing; it is possible that up to a billion people worldwide live in shacks. Fire is a significant hazard in tight-knit shack settlements. Settlements composed mostly or entirely of shacks are known as slums or shanty towns . In Australian English , shack can also refer to

342-432: A small holiday house with limited conveniences, for instance it may not have running water or electricity. In Canadian oilfield drilling, a shack can also be the word for a wellsite trailer. These structures are notorious among oilfield workers for being cramped, uncomfortable and generally unpleasant to be in. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, tar paper shacks consisting of wooden frames covered with tar paper were

380-649: A suburb of the Central Coast ). Many films have been shot in shanty towns. Slumdog Millionaire centres on characters who spend most of their lives in Indian shanty towns. The Brazilian film City of God was set in Cidade de Deus and filmed in another favela, called Cidade Alta. White Elephant , a 2012 Argentinian movie, is set in a villa miseria in Buenos Aires. The South African film District 9

418-433: Is Ciudad Neza or Neza-Chalco-Itza, which is part of the city of Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl, next to Mexico City. Estimates of its population range from 1.2 million to 4 million. Brazil has many favelas . In Rio de Janeiro , Brazil, it was calculated in 2000 that over 20% of its 6.5 million inhabitants were living in more than 600 favelas. For example, Rocinha is home to an estimated 80,000 inhabitants. It has developed into

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456-522: Is Orangi in Karachi , Pakistan, which had an estimated 1.5 million inhabitants in 2011. The Orangi Pilot Project aims to lift local people out of poverty. It was begun by Akhtar Hameed Khan and run by Parveen Rehman until her murder in 2013. Residents laid sewage pipes themselves and almost all of Orangi's 8,000 streets are now connected. In India, an estimated one million people live in Dharavi ,

494-464: Is squatted and in the beginning lacks adequate infrastructure, including proper sanitation, safe water supply, electricity and street drainage. Over time, shanty towns can develop their infrastructure and even change into middle class neighbourhoods. They can be small informal settlements or they can house millions of people. First used in North America to designate a shack, the term shanty

532-686: Is a Tin Hau Temple along Cha Kwo Ling Road, next to Cha Kwo Ling Village. Initially built near the coast in Cha Kwo Ling in 1825, during the Qing Dynasty , it was destroyed by a typhoon in 1912. The image of Tin Hau was then transferred to a shack nearby and remained there for thirty years. A new temple was built on the old site in 1941 with funds raised by the local villagers of Si Shan ( 四山 , literally "four hills" composing four villages in

570-571: Is a village house in the centre of Cha Kwo Ling Village. Constructed in 1855 of locally quarried granite, it is the oldest surviving residential building in Cha Kwo Ling. Cha Kwo Ling is in Primary One Admission (POA) School Net 48. Within the school net are multiple aided schools (operated independently but funded with government money) and Kwun Tong Government Primary School. The nearest MTR stations are Lam Tin station and Yau Tong station . Minibus lines connect Cha Kwo Ling to

608-507: Is constructed of granite blocks, which is uncommon in Hong Kong. Its roofs have been covered with brown ceramic tiles in a 1999 renovation. Two rocks stand in front of the Tin Hau Temple. Shaped like two testicles, they have been named " Fung Shui Rocks", "Child-Giving Rocks" or "Stone of Fertility", and are believed to bless those who pray to them for sons. Law Mansion ( 羅氏大屋 ), located at Nos. 50A, 51 & 51A Cha Kwo Ling Road,

646-477: Is largely set in a township called Chiawelo, from which people had been forcibly resettled. The 2016 Chinese TV series Housing tells the story of shantytown clearance in Beiliang, Baotou, Inner Mongolia. A 2023 Nigerian crime thriller titled Shanty Town was released on Netflix on January 20, 2023. It is a six-part series that tells the story of a ruthless leader named Scar ( Chidi Mokeme ) who handles

684-919: Is likely derived from French chantier (construction site and associated low-level workers' quarters), or alternatively from Scottish Gaelic sean ( pronounced [ʃɛn] ) meaning 'old' and taigh ( pronounced [tʰɤj] ) meaning 'house[hold]'. Globally, some of the largest shanty towns are Ciudad Neza in Mexico, Orangi in Pakistan and Dharavi in India. They are known by various names in different places, such as favela in Brazil, villa miseria in Argentina and gecekondu in Turkey. Shanty towns are mostly found in developing nations , but also in

722-415: Is mainly due to the generally poor economic situation found. While most shanty towns begin as precarious establishments haphazardly thrown together without basic social and civil services, over time, some have undergone a certain amount of development. Often the residents themselves are responsible for the major improvements. Community organizations sometimes working alongside NGOs , private companies, and

760-686: The Afrikaans word for squatter camps, often starts and grows rapidly on vacant land or public spaces within or close to cities and towns, where there may be nearby work opportunities, without the cost of transport. Shanty towns tend to begin as improvised shelters on squatted land. People build shacks from whatever materials are easy to acquire, for example wood or mud. There are no facilities such as electricity, gas, sewage or running water. The squatters choose areas such as railway sidings, preservation areas or disputed building projects. Swiss journalist Georg Gerster has noted (with specific reference to

798-492: The Catholic Church 's Council for Justice and Peace have emphasised the need for information, involvement and choice being offered to people being moved on. Shanty towns are present in a number of developing countries . In Francophone countries, shanty towns are referred to as bidonvilles (French for "can town"); such countries include Haiti , where Cité Soleil houses between 200,000 and 300,000 people on

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836-438: The invasões of Brasilia ) that "squatter settlements [as opposed to slums ], despite their unattractive building materials, may also be places of hope, scenes of a counter-culture, with an encouraging potential for change and a strong upward impetus". Stewart Brand has observed that shanty towns are green , with people recycling as much as possible and tending to travel by foot, bicycle, rickshaw or shared taxi , though this

874-698: The 1930s Great Depression , shanty towns nicknamed Hoovervilles sprang up across the United States. Following the Great Depression, squatters lived in shacks on landfill sites beside the Martin Pena canal in Puerto Rico and were still there in 2010. More recently, cities such as Newark and Oakland have witnessed the creation of tent cities . The Umoja Village shanty town was squatted in 2006 in Miami, Florida. There are also colonias near

912-513: The area, namely, Lei Yue Mun , Ngau Tau Kok , Sai Tso Wan and Cha Kwo Ling). However, the temple was demolished in 1947 to give way for the construction of an oil tank of Asiatic Petroleum Company (South China) Limited. At the request of the local residents, a new temple was built at the present site. The current temple opened officially in 1948. It has been managed by the Chinese Temples Committee since then. The building

950-711: The border with Mexico. Although shanty towns are now generally less common in developed countries in Europe, they still exist. The growing influx of migrants has fuelled shantytowns in cities commonly used as a point of entry into the European Union, including Athens and Patras in Greece. The Calais Jungle in France had grown to over 8,000 people by the time of its clearance in October 2016. Bidonvilles exist in

988-508: The capital of Kenya , Kibera has between 200,000 and 1 million residents. There is no running water and inhabitants use a flying toilet in which faeces are collected in a plastic bag then thrown away. Mathare is a collection of slums which contain around 500,000 people. In Zambia, the informal housing areas are known as kombonis and approximately 80% of the people in the capital Lusaka are living in them. The largest shanty town in Asia

1026-478: The cities of developed nations , such as Athens , Los Angeles and Madrid . Cañada Real is considered the largest informal settlement in Europe, and Skid Row is an infamous shanty town in Los Angeles. Shanty towns are sometimes found on places such as railway sidings , swampland or disputed building projects. In South Africa , squatter camps, often referred to as "plakkerskampe", directly translated from

1064-427: The close proximity they are built in. They often cause a great deal of damage to naturally occurring ecosystems, both directly, and indirectly. An example of severe indirect damage is the use of washing detergents, and refuse disposal in the nearby water source, which can often be seen for hundreds of kilometers down stream. Due to the lack of infrastructure, and the cost of basic services, such as water and electricity,

1102-493: The coast. In the 2019 and 2020 policy addresses, the chief executive stated that the government intends to take back possession of the Cha Kwo Ling Village and to redevelop the land into high-density public housing. Cha Kwo Ling derives its name from the abundance of macaranga tanarius in the area, the leaves of which are used in the process of making cha kwo , a traditional Hakka snack. Cha Kwo Ling Village

1140-586: The demand for stone drop. The population profile changed during the Civil War in China , when penniless refugees from mainland China settled in and around the original mining village, building makeshift shacks in a maze of dark alleys. At its peak between the 1950s and the 1970s, the village had a population of about 20,000. Between 1983 and 2006, three big fires burned down many of the squatter houses and many villagers were relocated to public housing estates . There

1178-537: The edge of Port-au-Prince . In 2016, 62% of Africa's population was living in shanty towns. Squatter camps in South Africa typically use cheap, and easily acquired building materials such as corrugated tin sheets to build shacks. Offering very little protection against extreme weather conditions, these squatter camps, often built near streams or rivers due to the steady water supply, are often subjected to flash floods. They are also prone to runaway fires due to

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1216-496: The government, set up connections to the municipal water supply, pave roads, and build local schools. Some of these shanties have become middle class suburbs . One such example is the Los Olivos neighbourhood of Lima , Peru, which now contains gated communities , casinos , and plastic surgery clinics. Some Brazilian favelas have also seen improvements in recent years and can even attract tourists. Development occurs over

1254-544: The internet. Other African shanty towns have even become popular tourist attractions. Soweto, an old squatter camp from apartheid-era South Africa is now classified as a city within a city, with a population of almost 2 million. It boasts the popular "Soweto Towers" and a multitude of guided excursions, often including a Shisa-nyama. Pope Francis argues in his 2015 encyclical letter Laudato si' that shanty town settlements should be developed, if possible, rather than people being moved on and their settlements destroyed. He and

1292-561: The overall squatted area is often barren, with the ground sweeped and stamped to minimise dust, and where gardening is simply impossible and unaffordable. Illegal and dangerous electricity connections are abundant, another danger for fires, and electrical accidents, The Joe Slovo squatter camp, in Cape Town, houses an estimated 20,000 people. Shack dwellers in South Africa organise themselves in groups such as Abahlali baseMjondolo and Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign . In Nairobi ,

1330-481: The peripheries of some French cities. The state authorities recorded 16,399 people living in 391 slums across the country in 2012. Of these, 41% lived on the outskirts of Paris. In Madrid , Spain, a shanty town named Cañada Real is considered the largest informal settlement in Europe. It has an estimated 8,628 inhabitants, who are mainly Spanish, Romani and north African, but only one mobile health unit. After 40 years, property developers began to take an interest in

1368-540: The site in 2012. There have been cardboard cities in London and Belgrade . In some cases, shanty towns can persist in gentrified areas that local governments have yet to redevelop, or in regions of political dispute. A major historical example was the Kowloon Walled City in Hong Kong . In Australia and New Zealand , there were many shanty towns before World War II , some of which still exist (for example Wyee ,

1406-430: The stations. 22°18′13″N 114°13′52″E  /  22.3037°N 114.231°E  / 22.3037; 114.231 Shanty town A shanty town , squatter area, squatter settlement , or squatter camp is a settlement of improvised buildings known as shanties or shacks , typically made of materials such as mud and wood, or from cheap building materials such as corrugated tin sheets. A typical shanty town

1444-428: Was established before Hong Kong became a British colony. Cha Kwo Ling became a major Hakka settlement after the establishment of Victoria City in 1841. The foundation of city drew a large demand of stone. Skillful Hakka people set up a quarry in the stone-rich Cha Kwo Ling. It was one of four quarry hills and one of the 13 major village districts in eastern New Kowloon. The usage of new building materials later made

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