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47-521: The region encompassing Nayarit and Jalisco was originally home to the Texcoxquin (Teqectequi) indigenous culture millennia before the European conquest . The Altavista petroglyphs , not far from Chacala, are believed to date from 2300 BCE. This extensive group of rock carvings is still used today for ceremonial religious purposes by the native Huichol . The bay was first seen by Europeans when

94-519: A millennium . This wobble means that the Tropic of Cancer is currently drifting southward at a rate of almost half an arcsecond (0.468″) of latitude, or 15 m (49 ft), per year. The circle's position was at exactly 23° 27′N in 1917 and will be at 23° 26'N in 2045. The distance between the Antarctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer is essentially constant as they move in tandem. This

141-458: A period of change which, in a relatively brief 15 years, transformed the town into one of Mexico's more distinctive destinations. Del Valle first built simple accommodations at Chacala's south end, where dense virgin first-growth rainforest teeming with wildlife, including ocelot , margay , and jaguarundi , grows down the flanks of a small collapsed volcano and plunges into the Pacific. She built

188-745: A state of the Mexican federation, which occurred on May 1, 1917. Nayarit covers 27,815 square kilometers (10,739 sq mi), making it one of the smaller states in Mexico. Nayarit is located between latitude lines 23°05' north and 20°36' south and longitude lines 103°43' east and 105°46' west. Its terrain is broken up by the western ends of the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains. Its highest mountains are: San Juan , Sanguangüey , El Ceboruco , Cumbre de Pajaritos and Picachos . Nayarit has two volcanoes, Ceboruco and Sangangüey . In

235-401: Is tropical – hot and humid. The actual classification is 'warm subhumid tropical'. Nayarit is characterized by its high rainfall – the fifth highest in the country, averaging 1,000–1,500 mm (39–59 in) per annum. Some parts of the state receive up to 2,640 mm (104 in) of rainfall a year. The rains are concentrated in periods of brief intense thunderstorms, often occurring in

282-582: Is based on an assumption of a constant equator, but the precise location of the equator is not truly fixed. See: equator , axial tilt and circles of latitude for additional details. Download coordinates as: North of the tropic are the subtropics and the North Temperate Zone . The equivalent line of latitude south of the Equator is called the Tropic of Capricorn , and the region between

329-536: Is found, the other being Jalisco . Home to Uto-Aztecan indigenous peoples such as the Huichol and Cora , the region was exposed to the conquistadores Hernán Cortés and Nuño de Guzmán in the 16th century. Spanish governance was made difficult by indigenous rebellions and by the inhospitable terrain of the Sierra del Nayar. The last independent Cora communities were subjugated in 1722. The state's name recalls

376-475: Is home to over 300 species of orchids alone. The biodiverse tropical deciduous forests of Mexico, such as those of Nayarit's foothills and mountains, contain up to 40% of Mexico's flora and fauna diversity. Parts of the tropical deciduous forest on the Pacific Coast near Nayarit have been found to be among the top 10 most species-rich floral habitats on earth. The fertile coastal plain and lush jungle of

423-530: Is located on the south west portion the Nayarit coast, which itself is located about mid-way on the Mexican Pacific Coast . Nayarit encompasses 27,620 square kilometers (10,660 sq mi), which makes it a little larger than the state of Maryland in the U.S.A. It has 289 kilometers (180 mi) of Pacific coastline. Nayarit is bordered by the states of Sinaloa , Zacatecas and Durango to

470-654: Is predominantly an agricultural state, and produces a large variety of crops such as beans , sorghum , sugar cane , maize , tobacco , rice, chiles, peanuts , melons , tomatoes , coffee , mangoes, bananas, and avocados. In addition to these crops, livestock and fishing are also central to the local economy. Approximately six percent of the land in Nayarit is pasture land, with the most common livestock being cattle, horses, pigs, goats , and sheep . Nayarit has 289 kilometers of coastline, which provides an abundance of fish and shellfish, including bass , snapper , sharks , and oysters . There are over 75 cooperatives related to

517-628: The Equator . Its Southern Hemisphere counterpart, marking the most southerly position at which the Sun can be seen directly overhead, is the Tropic of Capricorn . These tropics are two of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of Earth, the others being the Arctic and Antarctic circles and the Equator . The positions of these two circles of latitude (relative to the Equator) are dictated by

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564-533: The Estado Libre y Soberano de Nayarit (English: Free and Sovereign State of Nayarit ), is one of the 31 states that, along with Mexico City , comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico . It is divided in 20 municipalities and its capital city is Tepic . It is bordered by the states of Sinaloa to the northwest, Durango to the north, Zacatecas to the northeast and Jalisco to the south. To

611-472: The Mexican wolf , Mexican grizzly bear and jaguar would have been present in the region, as well, though the bears are now extinct; the Mexican wolf and jaguar survive today only in a few fragmented locations, due to decades of hunting and human encroachment on their habitats. Most of the rain forest has been exploited, especially around the region of Santa María del Oro . The conservation and protection of

658-665: The Naayeri (Cora), the Odam (Tepehuan) and the Nahuatl -speaking Mexicaneros . The indigenous groups mostly inhabit the Nayar highlands, but are also frequently encountered in Tepic and on the Pacific coast, where they have also established colonies. They are known for their crafts and artwork which they sell. About five percent of the state population speaks an indigenous language. Nayarit

705-787: The Northern Tropic , is the Earth 's northernmost circle of latitude where the Sun can be seen directly overhead . This occurs on the June solstice , when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun to its maximum extent. It also reaches 90 degrees below the horizon at solar midnight on the December Solstice . Using a continuously updated formula, the circle is currently 23°26′09.8″ (or 23.43605°) north of

752-506: The Cora people's label for themselves: Náayerite , commemorating Nayar, a resistance leader. Radiocarbon dating estimate Aztatlán colonization of the western Mexican coast – including parts of Sinaloa, Nayarit and Jalisco – as occurring as early as 900 AD, with some evidence suggesting it might have been as early as 520 AD. Encountered on the western coast by the Spanish invaders in 1500,

799-543: The Philippines arrived here before the rise of the port of Acapulco . Today, the town still boasts colonial architecture from its heyday, such as the aduana (customs office), the contaduría (accounting offices) and the fortress that protected the port against pirates. In Nayarit, the struggle for independence from Spain was initiated by the priest José María Mercado, who conquered Tepic and San Blas before being defeated and executed by Spanish royalists. In 1824, in

846-666: The Sierra. Its wildlife includes hundreds of bird species, both resident and breeding/migratory populations, including parrots, like the lilac-crowned amazon ( Amazona finschi ) and numerous hummingbirds, such as the Mexican woodnymph ( Thalurania ridgwayi ). There are also 119 registered species of mammals, including white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ), collared peccary ( Dicotyles tajacu ), brocket deer ( Mazama americana ), several types of armadillo , coyote , wild felines such as puma ( Felis concolor ), jaguarundi ( Puma yagouarundi ), bobcat or lince rojo , ocelot ( Felis pardalis ) and many more species. Historically,

893-634: The Spaniard Francisco Cortés de Buena Ventura, a nephew of Hernán Cortés , reached here in 1524. Although Chacala was never as historically significant a port as San Blas to the north or Puerto Vallarta to the south, the sheltered bay saw a visit from explorer Sebastian Rodriguez Cermeño , sailing out of Manila, who arrived in Chacala on January 7, 1596, in a small launch after the Manila Galleon San Agustin

940-463: The Tropic of Cancer experience two distinct seasons: an extremely hot summer with temperatures often reaching 45 °C (113 °F) and a warm winter with maxima around 22 °C (72 °F). Much land on or near the Tropic of Cancer is part of the Sahara Desert , while to the east, the climate is torrid monsoonal with a short wet season from June to September, and very little rainfall for

987-589: The afternoons, most during the summer wet season between May and October, although a lesser but significant winter wet season exists as well. The wet seasons are separated by spring and fall dry seasons. Chacala received moderate to severe damage from Hurricane Kenna in October 2002. Nayarit's natural floral habitat consists of tropical coastal savannah, tropical deciduous forest, tropical semi-deciduous forest and riparian wetland. The region also includes large and small tracts of cultivated land. The lush Nayarit jungle

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1034-551: The border between Nayarit and the states of Jalisco and Sinaloa , respectively. Notable lagoons in Nayarit include Santa María del Oro , San Pedro Lagunillas and Agua Brava . Nayarit – as with all states of Mexico – is geographically divided into municipalities ( municipios ) , creating twenty municipalities in Nayarit : Nayarit's natural vegetation varies with altitude; coastal lowlands and river valleys were, historically, covered with tropical dry forest, containing many native deciduous trees that lost their leaves during

1081-411: The cultures were descended from these original Aztatlán settlements and other Classic-stage cultures who had merged with them. Hernán Cortés was the first known European to enter into the area now known as Nayarit, which he claimed for Spain as part of Nueva Galicia . Under Nuño de Guzmán , Spaniards took the region with considerable brutality, causing the indigenous inhabitants to revolt, in what

1128-625: The dry seasons. The Sinaloan dry forests now cover the northern coastal lowlands, and extend up the valleys of the San Pedro Mezquital River and the Río Grande de Santiago and its tributaries. The Jalisco dry forests ecoregion covers coastal Nayarit south of San Blas and the Islas Marías. The Marismas Nacionales–San Blas mangroves , a network of coastal Pacific lagoons and tidal mangrove forests, extend along

1175-500: The fact that the Sun appears to "turn back" at the solstices. The Tropic of Cancer's position is not fixed, but constantly changes because of a slight wobble in the Earth's longitudinal alignment relative to the ecliptic , the plane in which the Earth orbits around the Sun. Earth's axial tilt varies over a 41,000-year period from about 22.1 to 24.5 degrees, and as of 2000 is about 23.4 degrees, which will continue to remain valid for about

1222-479: The first constitution of the Mexican Republic, Nayarit was a part of Jalisco . In the mid-1800s Comanche Indians, from Texas and Oklahoma, attacked Tepic causing widespread destruction. During the second half of the 19th century, Nayarit was one of the most turbulent territories in Mexico. The population was in open revolt, demanding access to land. Nayarit was one of the last territories admitted as

1269-498: The fishing industry alone in Nayarit. Much of the food produced in Nayarit is exported to the larger urban areas surrounding Mexico City and Guadalajara, and much of the agricultural labor is performed by migrant laborers . Although mining exists in Nayarit, it is mostly of non- metallic substances such as limestone or kaolin . Beginning in the late 90's, Nayarit has become known as a producer of specialty Arabica coffee , regarded for its fine taste and high density beans grown in

1316-483: The following 17 countries (including two disputed territories) and 8 water bodies, starting at the prime meridian and heading eastward: The climate at the Tropic of Cancer is generally hot and dry, except for cooler highland regions in China, marine environments such as Hawaii, and easterly coastal areas, where orographic rainfall can be very heavy, in some places reaching 4 metres (160 in) annually. Most regions on

1363-883: The foothills and mountains of the Sierra Madre Occidental support a wide variety of fauna, including over 400 bird species, and a rich diversity of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and other animal species. Some of the significant birds include the Amazon Parrot, Tropical Kingbird, Great Kiskadee, Hooded Oriole, and the Blue-footed Booby. Mammals include an incredibly wide range of 'big cats' such as Ocelot , Margay , Jaguar , Jaguarundi and Puma along with deer, wild boar, coati mundi, skunk, badger, coyote, wild rabbit, armadillo, various snakes, lizards, and frogs. Nayarit Nayarit ( Spanish pronunciation: [naʝaˈɾit] ), officially

1410-558: The growth in the tourism industry might have harmful impacts on the community. Timeshare scams with links to the local Nayarit Mafia are quite common. Newspapers of Nayarit include: El Periódico en que Nayarit Opina Día a Día , El Semanario que refleja qué hay en Nayarit , Matutino Gráfico , Meridiano de Nayarit , and Realidades. Tropic of Cancer 23°26′12.5″N 0°0′0″W  /  23.436806°N -0.00000°E  / 23.436806; -0.00000  ( Prime Meridian ) The Tropic of Cancer , also known as

1457-464: The less-fortunate, the word of del Valle's work soon spread, and Chacala started attracting others with similar ideals, along with 'eco-tourists' looking for a tranquil, unspoiled, and little-visited beach-town 'off the beaten path'. Another distinctive establishment is the Hotel Majahua whose owners, Carmen and José Enrique, work to develop a socially responsible tourism industry, working with

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1504-403: The local fishing community. Over the next decade and a half, others looking for an environ where efforts to help a local populace resulted in changes which could be seen and felt, or those just looking for an idyllic charming beach-town, found their way to Chacala. Two events in the mid '90s would change the area dramatically. Chacalilla, the small cove just north of Chacala and the surrounding land

1551-413: The lodge to house visiting American medical students volunteering at the local health clinic she founded to serve the Mexican poor. Today, it has evolved into a Retreat & Wellness Center called Mar de Jade that still supports and runs a variety of non-profit projects for the local community and the neighboring impoverished farming town of Las Varas. A Zen Buddhist with a strong commitment to helping

1598-489: The north, and by Jalisco to the east and south. The town is 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) off Highway 200 and is situated on the Pacific coastal plain. The coastal plain is the strip of land that runs along most of the west coast of Mexico between the Pacific Ocean and the foothills and mountains. Chacala (and all of Nayarit) lies south of the Tropic of Cancer , thus it is located in the true tropics , and its climate

1645-533: The northeast are broad, tropical plains watered by the Río Grande de Santiago , a continuation of the Lerma River . The main state rivers are the Río Grande de Santiago , San Pedro Mezquital , Acaponeta , Ameca , and Las Cañas . The Río Grande de Santiago is the largest river in Nayarit. The Santiago and its tributaries are of major importance for agricultural irrigation. The Ameca and the Las Cañas lie on

1692-561: The rain forest and wildlife of Nayarit is an issue of crucial importance. The Islas Marías were designated as the Islas Marías Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 2010. Nayarit is Mexico's twenty-ninth most populous state. According to the census of 2020, the state had a population of 1,235,456 and its population density was 39/km . Nayarit is the home to four indigenous groups: the Wixaritari (Huichol),

1739-652: The rest of the year. The highest mountain on or adjacent to the Tropic of Cancer is Yu Shan in Taiwan . It had glaciers descending as low as 2,800 metres (9,190 ft) during the Last Glacial Maximum . At present glaciers still exist around the Tropic. The nearest currently surviving are the Minyong and Baishui in the Himalayas to the north and on Iztaccíhuatl in Mexico to the south. According to

1786-503: The rules of the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale , for a flight to compete for a round-the-world speed record, it must cover a distance no less than the length of the Tropic of Cancer, cross all meridians , and end on the same airfield where it started. The length of the Tropic of Cancer is 36,788 km (22,859 mi): For an ordinary circumnavigation the rules are somewhat relaxed and

1833-506: The state's northern coast and into adjacent Sinaloa state. The mangroves are home to abundant wildlife, including migratory and resident waterbirds. The mountains are home to pine–oak forests , which vary in density with elevation. Oak forests and woodlands tend to grow at lower elevations, interspersed with smaller areas of humid cloud forest in areas of higher rainfall. The highest elevations contain forests of conifers, pines and oak. Nayarit also contains hundreds of miles of rainforest in

1880-402: The tilt of Earth's axis of rotation relative to the plane of its orbit , and since the tilt changes, the location of these two circles also changes. In geopolitics , it is known for being the southern limitation on the mutual defence obligation of NATO , as member states of NATO are not obligated to come to the defence of territory south of the Tropic of Cancer. When this line of latitude

1927-401: The two, centered on the Equator, is the tropics . In the year 2000, more than half of the world's population lived north of the Tropic of Cancer. On the Tropic of Cancer there are approximately 13 hours, 35 minutes of daylight during the summer solstice. During the winter solstice, there are 10 hours, 41 minutes of daylight. Using 23°26'N for the Tropic of Cancer, the tropic passes through

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1974-706: The volcanic soils of the Sierra Madre Occidental . Nayarit coffee is exported all over the world, including to the UK and Australia via the Grupo Terruño Nayarita farmers cooperative. In recent years, Nayarit has worked to build its tourism sector, marketing the " Riviera Nayarit " as a safe, beautiful destination served by Puerto Vallarta International Airport . Popular resort towns include Bucerías , Punta de Mita , La Cruz de Huanacaxtle , San Blas , Santiago Ixcuintla , Sayulita and Tecuala . However, some residents in these and other towns are concerned that

2021-464: The west, Nayarit has a significant share of coastline on the Pacific Ocean , including the islands of Marías and Marietas . The beaches of San Blas and the so-called " Riviera Nayarit " are popular with tourists and snowbirds . Besides tourism, the economy of the state is based mainly on agriculture and fishing. It is also one of two states where the tarantula species Brachypelma klaasi

2068-560: Was later referred to as the Mixtón War . After almost two centuries of resistance, the last independent Cora communities were incorporated into Spanish administration by force in 1722. Then followed intense missionary efforts by Jesuits to convert the indigenous. In the colonial period, the port of San Blas was one of the most important trade ports on the American Pacific coast. Galleons transporting goods from Manila,

2115-530: Was named in the last centuries BCE , the Sun was in the constellation Cancer ( Latin : Crab ) at the June solstice (90° ecliptic longitude ). Due to the precession of the equinoxes , this is no longer the case; today the Sun is in constellation Taurus at the June solstice. The word "tropic" itself comes from the Greek "trope (τροπή)", meaning turn (change of direction or circumstance), inclination, referring to

2162-470: Was purchased by a developer to build a gated complex with luxury homes ranging from approximately $ 550,000 to US$ 1,800,000. To provide access to the construction site and town, a paved road from Highway 200 to the beach replaced the often-flooded poor-quality circuitous dirt road which had previously kept all but the most-dedicated from visiting Chacala. 21°10′N 105°13′W  /  21.167°N 105.217°W  / 21.167; -105.217 Chacala

2209-605: Was wrecked on the northern coast of California. The notable but idiosyncratic Jesuit missionary Father Eusebius Francesco Kühn, commonly known as ' Padre Kino ', and his party departed from Chacala on his Atondo expedition in May 1683. Many members of the expedition abandoned him after he proposed that his ship be pushed across the Sonoran Desert . After slumbering for decades as a small fishing village and coconut plantation, Mexican doctor Laura del Valle's arrival in 1980 spurred

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