The Chadian Progressive Party ( French : Parti Progressiste Tchadien , PPT), known as the National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution ( French : Mouvement National pour la Révolution Culturelle et Sociale , MNRCS) for the last two years of its existence, was the first African political party in Chad . It was a regional branch of the African Democratic Rally (RDA).
20-728: The party was founded in February 1947, by Gabriel Lisette , who had been elected to the French National Assembly in elections the previous November. At first it attracted support mainly from the country's non-Muslim intellectuals ; politically it was much more radical and nationalistic than its main rival, the Muslim -dominated Chadian Democratic Union (UDT). This was revealed by its motto: "Enough with cotton! Enough with taxes! Enough with chiefs!" ( Plus de coton! Plus d’impôts! Plus de chefs! ). Originally much weaker than
40-723: A non-governmental organization , the Société mutuelle des originaires d'Outre-Mer (SMODOM), with in mind the mutual aid societies active in Europe in the 19th century. As those, its main finalities were to create a society whose members covered the expenses if one of them was ill or, if dead, could not afford a funeral. He later wrote a book on the events to which he participated, Le Combat du Rassemblement démocratique African pour la décolonisation pacifique de l'Afrique noire . He died at Port-de-Lanne , in France, on 3 March 2001. 1st page on
60-597: A one-party state , with the PPT as the sole legal party. As a result, the party won every seat in the National Assembly in the 1962 , 1963 and 1969 parliamentary elections , whilst PPT leader François Tombalbaye was re-elected President unopposed in 1969 . Whilst women formed an early part of the political party, by 1968 Kalthouma Nguembang was the only woman in the National Assembly. In 1973
80-472: A native Chadian, the party's secretary-general François Tombalbaye , who became head of the government on 26 March. Lisette entered the government as deputy Prime Minister in charge of economic coordination and foreign affairs. But Lisette's fall was nearing: a week before Chad became independent on 11 August 1960, Tombalbaye purged him from the PPT, declared him a noncitizen while he was traveling abroad, and barred him from returning to Chad. This event signed
100-558: The Chadian Progressive Party (PPT), a radical and nationalist organization calling for self-determination . It was a branch of the Marxist-oriented inter-territorial African Democratic Rally , of which he was to be later chosen as secretary-general. Women, like Kalthouma Nguembang , were important to the foundation of the party. The PPT was not immediately successful, as it found itself boycotted by
120-730: The Grouping of Rural and Independent Chadians , the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance , Radicals and Radical Socialists and the Independent Socialist Party of Chad . The Entente won 57 of the 65 seats in the Assembly, with the PPT taking 32. As a result, Lisette became Head of Government . The PPT went on to win the 1959 elections , taking 57 of the 84 seats. In 1962 a new constitution made Chad
140-468: The Muslim -dominated Chadian Democratic Union (UDT). This was revealed by its motto: "Enough with cotton! Enough with taxes! Enough with chiefs!" ( Plus de coton! Plus d’impôts! Plus de chefs! ). Originally much weaker than the UDT, Lisette lost his seat in the National Assembly in the 1951 elections , in which the two second college seats were both won by the UDT. However, the 1956 electoral reforms expanded
160-435: The 65 seats in the Assembly, with the PPT taking 32. As a result, Lisette became Head of Government . The PPT went on to win the 1959 elections , taking 57 of the 84 seats. In 1962 a new constitution made Chad a one-party state , with the PPT as the sole legal party. As a result, the party won every seat in the National Assembly in the 1962 , 1963 and 1969 parliamentary elections , whilst PPT leader François Tombalbaye
180-610: The French National Assembly website 2nd page on the French National Assembly website Chadian Progressive Party The Chadian Progressive Party ( French : Parti Progressiste Tchadien , PPT), known as the National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution ( French : Mouvement National pour la Révolution Culturelle et Sociale , MNRCS) for the last two years of its existence,
200-829: The French colonial administration and from the African traditional rulers, who preferred the more conservative Chadian Democratic Union (UDT). The situation radically changed with the French Overseas Reform Act of 1956 which greatly expanded the electoral suffrage. Also, the UDT was riven by splits and dissensions; as a result, Lisette triumphantly won the 1957 elections for the Territorial Assembly, taking with his allies 47 seats out of 65. Following this victory Lisette became first on 14 May 1957, Vice-President, and then, on 26 July 1958, President of
220-481: The Government Council. He kept this position until he was deserted by the African traditional rulers, who supported a motion of no confidence presented on 11 February 1959, behind which was Ahmed Koulamallah . Lisette was able to immediately throw-down the two succeeding governments led by Gontchomé Sahoulba and Koulamallah, but when the PPT had again to form the government he stepped down in favour of
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#1732775934362240-463: The UDT, Lisette lost his seat in the National Assembly in the 1951 elections , in which the two second college seats were both won by the UDT. However, the 1956 electoral reforms expanded the pool of eligible voters and saw power begin to pass to the Christian and Animist south where the PPT had most of its support. In the 1956 French National Assembly elections the PPT received the largest share of
260-536: The end of Lisette's political career in Chad, and Lisette went in exile in France, where he had been named on 23 July 1959 "councillor minister" in the government guided by Michel Debré , a formal charge he would keep till 19 May 1961. In exile he continued to worry Tombalbaye as a possible menace for his regime, especially from 1971 when relations between France and Chad started cooling. In 1976 he founded with Alain Girard
280-605: The party was renamed the "National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution" to consolidate support for Tombalbaye–who had changed his name to N'Garta–in the midst of a civil war . However, two years later Tombalbaye was overthrown in a coup and the party was banned in April 1975. Within the Entente, the Chadian Progressive Party won 32 seats, the Grouping of Rural and Independent Chadians won nine,
300-536: The pool of eligible voters and saw power begin to pass to the Christian and Animist south where the PPT had most of its support. In the 1956 French National Assembly elections the PPT received the largest share of the vote in the second college, resulting in Lisette elected back to the National Assembly. In the Territorial Assembly elections the following year the PPT formed the Entente alliance with
320-400: The vote in the second college, resulting in Lisette elected back to the National Assembly. In the Territorial Assembly elections the following year the PPT formed the Entente alliance with the Grouping of Rural and Independent Chadians , the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance , Radicals and Radical Socialists and the Independent Socialist Party of Chad . The Entente won 57 of
340-470: Was a Chadian politician who played a key role in the decolonization of Chad . Of African descent, he was born at Portobelo in Panama on 2 April 1919. He became a French colonial administrator, and in this role was posted to Chad in 1946. In November of the same year Lisette was elected as deputy to the French National Assembly . In February 1947 he founded the country's first African political party,
360-461: Was overthrown in a coup and the party was banned in April 1975. Within the Entente, the Chadian Progressive Party won 32 seats, the Grouping of Rural and Independent Chadians won nine, the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance won 7, Radicals and Radical Socialists won 7, the Independent Socialist Party of Chad won 1 in total the alliance won 57 seats Gabriel Lisette Gabriel Francisco Lisette (2 April 1919 – 3 March 2001)
380-414: Was re-elected President unopposed in 1969 . Whilst women formed an early part of the political party, by 1968 Kalthouma Nguembang was the only woman in the National Assembly. In 1973 the party was renamed the "National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution" to consolidate support for Tombalbaye–who had changed his name to N'Garta–in the midst of a civil war . However, two years later Tombalbaye
400-558: Was the first African political party in Chad . It was a regional branch of the African Democratic Rally (RDA). The party was founded in February 1947, by Gabriel Lisette , who had been elected to the French National Assembly in elections the previous November. At first it attracted support mainly from the country's non-Muslim intellectuals ; politically it was much more radical and nationalistic than its main rival,
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