Chakapuli ( Georgian : ჩაქაფული ) is a Georgian stew . It is considered to be one of the most popular dishes in Georgia.
76-418: It is made from lamb chops or veal , onions, tarragon leaves, cherry plums or tkemali (cherry plum sauce), dry white wine, mixed fresh herbs (parsley, mint, dill, coriander ), garlic, and salt. Chakapuli can also be made with beef or mushrooms instead of lamb. Chopped lamb is boiled with white wine in a deep pan, and then the pan is placed in the oven and cooked slowly for 1.5 hours. After this process,
152-448: A PDO, the product must have qualities and characteristics which are essentially due to its region of production: it must also be produced, processed and prepared exclusively within that region. The requirements for a PGI are slightly less strict; a good reputation of a product from a given region is sufficient (rather than objectively different characteristics) if any of the steps of production, processing and preparation may take place within
228-547: A certain breed of sheep, and matured in the natural caves near the town of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon in the Aveyron region of France, where it is colonised by the fungus Penicillium roqueforti that grows in these caves. Due to the horizontal and exhaustive nature of the legal regime, this system transcends national appellation systems used throughout Europe, such as the appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) used in France,
304-420: A certain region may be registered so long as they have not become generic in the trade concerned. Trademarks which have been registered before the registration of a PDO or a PGI may continue to be used, but the registration of an equivalent trademark after the approval of a PDO or PGI is impossible (Art. 13, Regulation (EC) No 510/2006). The existence of a trademark (registered or unregistered) may be
380-583: A minimum of 30 years. Thus, TSG food denominations are registered trade signs with a distinctive function." As of 14 November 2021, 65 TSG have been registered (see list ), all of which originate from the EU or the UK. In principle, a similar protection to a geographical indication could be obtained through a collective trademark . Indications which serve exclusively to identify the place of origin of goods are not registrable as trademarks under Art. 6quinquies.B.2 of
456-660: A number of goals for the protection regimes: The provision of recompense for efforts to improve quality and the need for consumer protection are often cited as justifications for trade mark protection in other domains, and geographical indications operate in a similar manner to trademarks. The general regime governs the use of protected designations of origin (PDO) and protected geographical indications (PGI) for food and certain other agricultural products. There are separate regimes for spirits and aromatised drinks (geographical designations) as well as for wines (geographical indications, often referred to as appellations ). The origin of
532-476: A pastoral culture. In Northern Europe , mutton and lamb feature in many traditional dishes, including those of Iceland , Norway and Western Europe , including those of the United Kingdom , particularly in the western and northern uplands , Scotland and Wales . Mutton used to be an important part of Hungarian cuisine due to strong pastoral traditions but began to be increasingly looked down on with
608-557: A premium price for their authentic products, and eliminate the unfair competition and misleading of consumers by non-genuine products, which may be of inferior quality or of a different flavour. Critics argue that many of the names, sought for protection by the EU, have become commonplace in trade and should not be protected. These regulations protect the names of wines, cheeses, hams , sausages , seafood, olives , olive oils , beers, balsamic vinegar , regional breads, fruits, raw meats and vegetables. Based on these regulations, within
684-511: A protection regime for traditional food products of a specific character. Differing from PDO and PGI, this quality scheme does not certify that the protected food product has a link to a specific geographical area and that a product can thus be produced outside the area or country from which it originates. To qualify for a TSG a food must be of "specific character" and either its raw materials, production method or processing must be "traditional". Under Art. 3 of Regulation 1151/12 "specific character"
760-606: A quality sparkling wine psr produced in Spain or to a Greek table wine which has been aged (as a transliteration of "Κάβα"). The Regulation laying down general rules on the definition, description, presentation, labelling and protection of spirit drinks (110/2008) provides for a double system of protection of spirit descriptions. Spirits are divided into 46 categories, which each have rules for fabrication and minimum strength. Within these categories, certain names are reserved for drinks from particular countries, for example ouzo , which
836-618: A reason to refuse the registration of a PDO or a PGI [Art. 7(3)(c), Regulation (EC) No 510/2006]. Hence the Polish geographical designation "Herbal vodka from the North Podlasie Lowland aromatised with an extract of bison grass" (Polish: Wódka ziołowa z Niziny Północnopodlaskiej aromatyzowana ekstraktem z trawy żubrowej ), so phrased as to avoid infringing the trademark " Żubrówka ." The protection of geographical indications for wines and other alcoholic drinks
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#1732786540456912-554: A sample of producing nations, but many other significant producers in the 50–120 kt range are not given. Meat from sheep features prominently in the cuisines of several Mediterranean cultures including Greece , Croatia , Turkey , North Africa , Jordan , and the Middle East , as well as in the cuisines of Iran and Afghanistan . In Greece, for example, it is an integral component of many meals and of religious feasts such as Easter, like avgolemono and magiritsa . It
988-536: A specified region and be associated with a "geographical indication" or appellation : indeed, the technical term used in the Regulation is quality wine psr , with the "psr" standing for "produced in a specified region". Wines which do not meet this requirement may only be marketed as table wine . There has been little harmonisation of national provisions within the European Union. Member States delimit
1064-510: A stronger flavour than lamb because they contain a higher concentration of species-characteristic fatty acids and are preferred by some. Mutton and hogget also tend to be tougher than lamb (because of connective tissue maturation ) and are therefore better suited to casserole -style cooking, as in Lancashire hotpot , for example. Lamb is often sorted into three kinds of meat: forequarter , loin , and hindquarter . The forequarter includes
1140-571: Is Yongfeng chili sauce ( Chinese : 永丰辣酱 ), also called Yongfeng hot sauce. In Canada, a 2003 agreement made with the EU provides for the protection of the names of wine and spirits. Under the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada and the EU, Canada agrees "to protect 143 geographical indications for high-quality European products, such as Italian balsamic vinegar from Modena, Dutch Gouda cheese or Roquefort cheese and many others." After Brexit,
1216-533: Is a tradition in Western Kentucky. The area was strong in the wool trade, which gave them plenty of older sheep that needed to be put to use. Thin strips of fatty mutton can be cut into a substitute for bacon called macon . Lamb tongue is popular in Middle Eastern cuisine both as a cold cut and in preparations like stews. Approximate zones of the usual UK cuts of lamb: According to
1292-535: Is a whole leg; saddle of lamb is the two loins with the hip. Leg and saddle are usually roasted , though the leg is sometimes boiled . Forequarter meat of sheep, as of other mammals, includes more connective tissue than some other cuts , and, if not from a young lamb, is best cooked slowly using either a moist method, such as braising or stewing , or by slow roasting or American barbecuing . It is, in some countries, sold already chopped or diced. Lamb shank definitions vary, but generally include: Mutton barbeque
1368-730: Is also popular in the Basque culture, both in the Basque country of Europe and in shepherding parts of the Western United States (where shepherds of Basque descent have been active since the 1850s). In the United States, the Navajo have incorporated mutton and lamb into their traditional cuisine since the introduction of sheep by Spanish explorers and settlers in the 17th century, replacing wild turkey and venison and creating
1444-596: Is aniseed-flavoured spirit drink which must have been produced exclusively in Greece or Cyprus, or grappa , which is a grape marc spirit produced in Italy, or pálinka , which is a purely fruit based spirit produced in Hungary (or parts of Austria for apricot spirits only). The Regulation also defines a number of geographical designations , which are reserved for drinks which "acquired their character and definitive qualities" in
1520-502: Is defined as "the characteristic production attributes which distinguish a product clearly from other similar products of the same category". Under Art. 3 of Regulation 1151/12 "traditional" is defined as "proven usage on the domestic market for a period that allows transmission between generations; this period is to be at least 30 years". For a food name to be registrable under the TSG scheme it must (a) have been traditionally used to refer to
1596-403: Is eaten in many countries. It is the most common form of offal eaten in the UK, traditionally used in the family favourite (and pub grub staple) of liver with onions, potentially also with bacon and mashed potatoes. It is a major ingredient, along with the lungs and heart (the pluck), in the traditional Scottish dish of haggis . Lamb testicles or lamb fries are a delicacy in many parts of
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#17327865404561672-401: Is gradually expanded internationally via bilateral agreements between the EU and non-EU countries. It ensures that only products genuinely originating in that region are allowed to be identified as such in commerce. The legislation first came into force in 1992. The purpose of the law is to protect the reputation of the regional foods, promote rural and agricultural activity, help producers obtain
1748-637: Is in eAmbrosia, Traditional Specialities Guaranteed (TSG) have a separate register. Both are at the European Agriculture site . Note that the database contains both approved designations (status "Registered") and designations not yet approved (status "Applied" or "Published"). More information can also be found in GIview, a GI database by the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) and
1824-474: Is meat from a sheep over two years old, and has less tender flesh. In general, the darker the colour, the older the animal. In the early 1900s, mutton was widely consumed in the United States, but mutton consumption has declined since World War II . As of 2010 , most sheep meat in the United States comes from animals in between 12 and 14 months old, and is called "lamb"; the term "hogget" is not used. Federal statutes and regulations dealing with food labeling in
1900-477: Is one of the most common meats around the world, taken from the domestic sheep , Ovis aries , and generally divided into lamb , from sheep in their first year, hogget , from sheep in their second, and mutton , from older sheep. Generally, "hogget" and "sheep meat" are not used by consumers outside Norway, New Zealand, South Africa, Scotland, and Australia. Hogget has become more common in England, particularly in
1976-646: Is part of free trade agreements, such as Association Agreements (e.g. with Armenia, Ukraine and Moldova). Geographical indications are (following an objection period where GIs can be refused) furthermore protected in the member states of the 2015 Geneva Act to the Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration , to which (apart from the EU and some of its member states) also Albania, Cambodia, Samoa, Laos and North Korea are parties. However, as of August 2021,
2052-528: Is permissible to label a drink "Sangria produced in the United Kingdom: aromatised wine-based drink" if the drink meets the other requirements to be described as sangria. Similarly, the denomination " Clarea " on its own is reserved for drinks produced in Spain. As of January 2020, the protected geographical designations are: Article 13 of this legislation states that registered designations are protected against: ... any usurpation or imitation, even if
2128-476: Is protected in Europe, but the name is used without restrictions by US dairy companies. The geographical limitations are strict: Newcastle Brown Ale was restricted to being brewed in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne in England. However, having obtained this protection for their product, the brewery decided in 2004 that it would move across the river Tyne to Gateshead . As Gateshead is a separate town—albeit only
2204-533: Is that the proposed denomination is a generic term for the product in question: generic names cannot be registered but, once registered, the denominations are protected from genericisation . Hence Cheddar cheese was deemed to be a generic name, but the PDO "West Country farmhouse Cheddar cheese" was allowed. Feta was deemed not to have become generic, and was registered as a PDO to the disappointment of cheesemakers outside of Greece. The protected designation of origin
2280-466: Is the name of an area, a specific place or, in exceptional cases, the name of a country, used as a description of an agricultural product or a foodstuff. In other words, to receive the PGI status, the entire product must be traditionally and at least partially manufactured (prepared, processed or produced) within the specific region and thus acquire unique properties. The TSG quality scheme aims to provide
2356-408: Is the name of an area, a specific place or, in exceptional cases, the name of a country, used as a designation for an agricultural product or a foodstuff, In other words, to receive the PDO status, the entire product must be traditionally and entirely manufactured (prepared, processed and produced) within the specific region and thus acquire unique properties. The protected geographical indication
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2432-522: The denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) used in Italy, the denominação de origem controlada (DOC) used in Portugal , the denumire de origine controlată (DOC) system used in Romania and the denominación de origen (DO) system used in Spain. The regulations still allow member states to use their own languages in packaging, but geographical indications law is still the sole domain of
2508-606: The European Union with the PGI mark. Throughout central Italy , including Sardinia, pastoralism was the main source of meat. Since ancient times, abbacchio has been one of the staple foods of the Lazio region, especially for rural communities, whose consumption at the table was considerable. The tradition of consuming abbacchio spread in ancient times where mainly adult sheep were slaughtered. The slaughter of abbacchio
2584-535: The OECD - FAO Agricultural Outlook for 2016, the top consumers of sheep meat in 2015 were as follows: EU countries are not individually surveyed in this list. Among EU nations, Greece is the per capita leader in consumption at 12.3 kg, while the UK's annual per capita lamb consumption is 4.7 kg. Outside of the OECD, the largest per capita consumer overall is Mongolia , with 45.1 kg. The table below gives
2660-649: The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (Paris Convention), which has effect in European Union law by Art. 7 of the Regulation on the Community trade mark (No 40/94) and by Art. 3 of the Directive to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trademarks (89/104/EEC); however, marks which also serve to identify the quality of a product originating in
2736-548: The EU (and certain jurisdictions outside the EU), food such as gorgonzola , Parmigiano-Reggiano , feta , the Waterford blaas , Herve cheese , Melton Mowbray pork pies , Piave cheese , Asiago cheese , camembert , Provence honey , Herefordshire cider , cognac , armagnac , and champagne can only be labelled as such if they come from the designated region. To qualify as roquefort , for example, cheese must be made from milk of
2812-573: The EU and the importing countries, while protected indications may not always supersede other intellectual property rights such as trademarks. On 15 November 2011, the European Court of Auditors presented its report Do the design and management of the geographical indications scheme allow it to be effective? to the European Parliament. The preambles to the regulations cite consumer demand for quality foodstuffs, and identify
2888-667: The EU has not submitted any Geographical Indications for registration. As the Geographic indication scheme of the EU is not limited to products from EU locations, also products from outside the EU have received the designation. For example Colombian coffee was protected by the PDO in August 2007. Following an agreement during the 1990s by the Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation and the Australian and EU governments,
2964-539: The EU. The EU Commission has the final word on applications for protection. A new EU Regulation on geographical indication protection for craft and industrial products was published on 27 October 2023 and entered into force on 16 November 2023. Producers and manufacturers of these products will be able to file applications for GI protection with the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) from 1 December 2025. Only
3040-502: The European Union#Protected geographical indication (PGI) Three European Union schemes of geographical indications and traditional specialties, known as protected designation of origin ( PDO ), protected geographical indication ( PGI ), and traditional speciality guaranteed ( TSG ), promote and protect names of agricultural products and foodstuffs, wines and spirits. Products registered under one of
3116-539: The Indian subcontinent has been in decline for over 40 years and has survived at marginal levels in mountainous regions, based on wild-sheep breeds, and mainly for wool production. The meat of a lamb is taken from the animal between one month and one year old, with a carcass weight of between 5.5 and 30 kg (12 and 66 lb). This meat generally is more tender than that from older sheep and appears more often on tables in some Western countries . Hogget and mutton have
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3192-482: The North (Lancashire and Yorkshire) often in association with rare breed and organic farming. In South Asian and Caribbean cuisine, "mutton" often means goat meat . At various times and places, "mutton" or "goat mutton" has occasionally been used to mean goat meat. Lamb is the most expensive of the three types, and in recent decades, sheep meat has increasingly only been retailed as "lamb", sometimes stretching
3268-497: The Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) logo will be applicable for craft and industrial products. In countries where laws on protected geographical status are enforced, only products which meet the various geographical and quality criteria may use the protected indication. It is also prohibited to combine the indication with words such as "style", "type", "imitation", or "method" in connection with
3344-468: The UK has its own Protected Geographical Indication scheme, independently of the EU one, but based on the same requirements. All existing EU geographic indications on 31 December 2020 are protected under UK law (as well as EU law), but this is not the case for designations registered after that date. The register of wines, agricultural products and spirits with a European Union Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) or Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)
3420-463: The US than in many European, Central American and Asian cuisines; for example, average per-capita consumption of lamb in the United States is only 400 grams (14 oz) per year. In Australia , the leg of lamb roast is considered to be the national dish . Commonly served on a Sunday or any other special occasion, it can be done in a kettle BBQ or a conventional oven. Typical preparation involves covering
3496-458: The United States permit all sheep products to be marketed as "lamb." USDA grades for lamb are only partly a function of the animal's age. Animals up to 20 months old may meet the quality of the "USDA prime" grade depending on other factors, while "USDA choice" lamb can be of any age. "Spring lamb" is defined by the USDA as having been slaughtered between March and October. In Romanesco dialect ,
3572-770: The accepted distinctions given above. The stronger-tasting mutton is now hard to find in many areas, despite the efforts of the Mutton Renaissance Campaign in the UK. In Australia, the term prime lamb is often used to refer to lambs raised for meat. Other languages, such as French , Spanish , and Italian , make similar or even more detailed distinctions among sheep meats by age and sometimes by sex and diet—for example, lechazo in Spanish refers to meat from milk-fed (unweaned) lambs. The definitions for lamb, hogget and mutton vary considerably between countries. Younger lambs are smaller and more tender. Mutton
3648-471: The area denominated. The exact delimitation of the areas and any other regulations are left to the Member States concerned. By way of derogation, the designations Königsberger Bärenfang and Ostpreußischer Bärenfang are permitted for certain German drinks even though they refer to Königsberg ( Kaliningrad ) and East Prussia which are no longer part of Germany. The Regulation laying down general rules on
3724-623: The country, on the northern island of Hokkaido and in the northeastern Tohoku regions, a hot-pot dish called jingisukan (i.e. "Genghis Khan") is popular. In that dish, thin-sliced lamb is cooked over a convex skillet alongside various vegetables and mushrooms in front of the diners, then dipped in soy-sauce-based dipping sauces and eaten. It was so named because lamb is popular in Mongolia (see "Sheep meat consumption" above). Lamb's liver , known as lamb's fry in New Zealand and Australia,
3800-434: The definition, description and presentation of aromatised wines, aromatised wine-based drinks and aromatised wine-product cocktails (No 251/2014) institutes a system of protected denominations for aromatised drinks which is very similar to that for spirits. The association of general names with specific countries is weaker: a drink labelled simply " Sangria " must have been produced in Spain or Portugal, for example, but it
3876-508: The first producer). New Season Comber Potatoes or Comber Earlies were awarded PGI status in 2012. Only immature potatoes grown in the restricted geographical area surrounding the town of Comber in Northern Ireland harvested between the start of May and the end of July can be marketed as Comber Earlies. There is no automatic protection for these names on products both made and sold outside the EU, except for Northern Ireland, where
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#17327865404563952-561: The geographic restriction was approved. Similarly, Stilton cheese can only be produced in the three English counties of Derbyshire , Leicestershire, and Nottinghamshire . Stilton village is in the traditional county of Huntingdonshire , now a district of Cambridgeshire , so Stilton cheese cannot be produced in Stilton (although it is unclear whether the cheese was ever produced there. Quenby Hall in Leicestershire claims to be
4028-449: The islands, and served with either rice or lontong . A version of lamb and bamboo shoot curry is the specialty of Minang cuisine, although similar dishes can be found in Thai cuisine . In Mexico , lamb is the meat of choice for barbacoa , in which the lamb is roasted or steamed wrapped in maguey leaves underground. In Japan , although lamb is not traditionally consumed in most of
4104-406: The leg of lamb with butter, pushing rosemary sprigs into incisions cut in the leg, and sprinkling rosemary leaves on top. The lamb is then roasted for two hours at 180 °C (350 °F) and typically served with carrots and potato (also roasted), green vegetables and gravy. In Indonesia , lamb is popularly served as lamb satay and lamb curry . Both dishes are cooked with various spices from
4180-411: The measures to be taken against goods found to have infringed such rights), and infringing goods may be seized by customs on import. Within the European Union , enforcement measures vary: infringement may be treated as counterfeit , misleading advertising , passing off or even as a question of public health . Outside Europe, the protection of PGS products usually requires bilateral agreements between
4256-519: The name of widely popular products became generic, and therefore could not be protected afterwards. Cheddar cheese , for instance, originating in the English village of Cheddar , is produced in many countries, including the US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Hence the "Cheddar" name is not protected, but the more specific name "West Country Farmhouse Cheddar" is. Other products are protected in Europe but not elsewhere: Buffalo Mozzarella for instance
4332-476: The neck, shoulder, front legs, and the ribs up to the shoulder blade. The hindquarter includes the rear legs and hip. The loin includes the ribs between the two. Lamb chops are cut from the rib, loin, and shoulder areas. The rib chops include a rib bone; the loin chops include only a chine bone. Shoulder chops are usually considered inferior to loin chops; both kinds of chops are usually grilled . Breast of lamb (baby chops) can be cooked in an oven. Leg of lamb
4408-463: The offspring of the sheep who is still suckling or recently weaned is called abbacchio , while the offspring of the sheep almost a year old who has already been shorn twice is called agnello ( lit. ' lamb ' ). This distinction exists only in the Romanesco dialect. Abbacchio is consumed throughout central Italy as an Easter and Christmas dish. It is a product protected by
4484-509: The others' GIs and the nations' traditional terms of winemaking were meant to have been protected by 1997. However, this has been proceeding slowly, and while some GIs have been protected in Australia, others are still available for use (primarily for products that have always been called that). It seems unlikely it will have any effect on colloquial speech in the short term. China recognizes Geographical Indication Products. One such product
4560-411: The product is only one of the criteria for use of the protected terms: the product must also meet various quality criteria. The label " Traditional Specialities Guaranteed " (TSG) is a similar protected term which does not impose any restrictions on the geographical origin of the product. The protection of geographical indications was extended to foodstuffs and other agricultural products in 1992. Given
4636-410: The production of wine ("the product obtained exclusively from the total or partial alcoholic fermentation of fresh grapes, whether or not crushed, or of grape must ") are considerably longer than EU trade mark law : the main text, the Regulation on the common organisation of the market in wine (No 1493/1999), runs to over 46,000 words. To be considered as a "quality wine", the wine must come from
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#17327865404564712-471: The protected indications or to do anything which might imply that the product meets the specifications, such as using distinctive packaging associated with the protected product. Protected indications are treated as intellectual property rights by the Customs Regulation 1383/2003 (Regulation concerning customs action against goods suspected of infringing certain intellectual property rights and
4788-675: The region. Otherwise, the protection afforded by the two terms is equivalent. An application for a PDO or a PGI is first made to the authorities of the relevant Member State. It is judged by the Member State against the criteria in the Regulation and, if found to be acceptable, forwarded to the European Commission for final approval. Applications are published at both the national and Community stages of examination, and third parties can object to proposed PDOs or PGIs which they feel would harm their business. A recurrent objection
4864-502: The relevant regulation applies. However, there are a number of bilateral agreements with the EU for some level of enforcement. Agreements of this type exist between the EU and Australia (wine, 1994) (but not cheese), Canada (wine and spirits, 2003), China , Chile (wine and spirits, 2002), Colombia (2007, coffee) Mexico (1997, spirit drinks), and South Africa (2002, wine and spirits). Besides dedicated agreements on geographical indications, mutual recognition of geographical indications
4940-601: The specific product; or (b) identify the traditional character or specific character of the product. A TSG creates an exclusive right over the registered product name. Accordingly, the registered product name can be used by only those producers who conform to the registered production method and product specifications. "The legal function of the TSG is to certify that a particular agricultural product objectively possesses specific characteristics which differentiate it from all others in its category, and that its raw materials, composition or method of production have been consistent for
5016-629: The specified areas of production and determine the rules and appellations which apply: the European Commission restricts itself to publishing the information provided by the Member States. Appellations are usually the geographical name of the area in which the wine is produced, although there are some historical exceptions: muscadet and blanquette in France, cava and manzanilla in Spain and vinho verde in Portugal. The appellations are not necessarily unique: Cava may refer either to
5092-519: The spread of urbanisation. Mutton is also popular in Australia . Lamb and mutton are very popular in Central Asia and in certain parts of China , where other red meats may be eschewed for religious or economic reasons. Barbecued mutton is also a specialty in some areas of the United States (chiefly Owensboro, Kentucky ) and Canada. However, meat from sheep is generally consumed far less in
5168-540: The three schemes may be marked with the logo for that scheme to help identify those products. The schemes are based on the legal framework provided by the EU Regulation No 1151/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 November 2012 on quality schemes for agricultural products and foodstuffs. This regulation applies within the EU as well as in Northern Ireland. Protection of the registered products
5244-475: The tkemali sauce is stirred into the lamb, and the chopped greens and garlic are added. The dish is then cooked for another 5 minutes in the oven and finally rested for 5 minutes before serving. This Georgian cuisine -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This meat -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Lamb and mutton Lamb and mutton , collectively sheep meat (or sheepmeat)
5320-760: The true origin of the product is indicated or if the appellation is used in translated form or accompanied by terms such as "kind", "type"... This legislation expanded the 1951 Stresa Convention, which was the first international agreement on cheese names. Seven countries participated: Austria , Denmark , France , Italy , Norway , Sweden , and Switzerland . Selected products include Prosciutto Toscano (PDO) from Italy, bryndza podhalańska (PDO) and oscypek (PDO) from Poland, Marchfeldspargel (PGI) from Austria, Lübecker Marzipan (PGI) from Germany, Scotch Beef and Lamb (PGI) from Scotland, bryndza (PGI) and Oštiepok (PGI) from Slovakia, Kaszëbskô malëna ( Kashubian garden strawberry ) (PGI) from Poland. In certain cases,
5396-402: The widely different national provisions, this "general regime" gives much more power to the European Commission (compared to the special regimes) to ensure harmonised protection across the European Union. It is currently governed by the Regulation on the protection of geographical indications and designations of origin for agricultural products and foodstuffs (No 510/2006). To qualify for
5472-405: The width of the river apart—it does not fall within the required geographical restriction. The brewery then applied to the European Union authorities to have the geographical restriction revoked. If the restriction had not been revoked, the brewery would have been forced either to move back to Newcastle, or stop calling its beer "Newcastle" brown ale. Ultimately, the brewery's application to revoke
5548-599: The world. Lamb kidneys are found in many cuisines across Europe and the Middle East, often split into two halves and grilled (on kebabs in the Middle East), or sautéed in a sauce. They are generally the most highly regarded of all kidneys. Lamb sweetbreads are a delicacy in many cuisines. Production of lamb emits more greenhouse gas per gram of protein than other common foods, except for beef. Geographical indications and traditional specialities in
5624-549: Was eaten during work in the countryside, while abbacchio was consumed only during the Easter holidays. The term "mutton" is applied to goat meat in most countries on the Indian subcontinent, and the goat population has been rising. For example, mutton curry is always made from goat meat. It is estimated that over a third of the goat population is slaughtered every year and sold as mutton. The domestic sheep population in India and
5700-529: Was forbidden except during the Easter and Christmas periods, and until June. Over the centuries, given the importance of the food, around 100 recipes for preparing lamb have been developed in Lazio. Given the importance of abbacchio in social life, historical events dedicated to abbacchio are still organized in the Lazio region today, i.e. sagre , country festivals and popular events. In ancient times, sheep
5776-630: Was historically the first to be developed at both national and Community levels. It is also the only protection which is recognised by the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), administered by the World Trade Organization , although the European Union is pushing for other geographical indications to be included in the Doha Round of world trade negotiations. European Union rules governing
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