Cape Lopez ( French : Cap Lopez ) is a headland on the coast of Gabon , west central Africa . The westernmost point of Gabon, it separates the Gulf of Guinea from the South Atlantic Ocean . Cape Lopez is the northernmost point of a low, wooded island between two mouths of the Ogooué River . There is an oil terminal at the southeast side of the cape, and the seaport of Port-Gentil lies about 10 km southeast of the cape. A lighthouse has existed on the Cape since 1897; the current tower was built in 1911, but has been inactive for many years and is in danger of collapsing from erosion .
25-706: Admiral of the Fleet Sir Chaloner Ogle KB (1681 – 11 April 1750) was a Royal Navy officer and politician. After serving as a junior officer during the Nine Years' War , a ship he was commanding was captured by three French ships off Ostend in July 1706 in an action during the War of the Spanish Succession . Ogle was given command of the fourth-rate HMS Swallow and saw action against
50-629: A former First Sea Lord and Chief of the Defence Staff, was also appointed an honorary admiral of the fleet. Cape Lopez It is named after the Portuguese explorer Lopes Gonçalves , who reached it circa 1474. In 1602, the Dutch explorer and writer Pieter de Marees published some images of its people. 0°37′59″S 8°42′00″E / 0.633°S 8.700°E / -0.633; 8.700 This Gabon location article
75-610: The Kirkley Hall branch of the prominent Northumbrian Ogle family of Northumberland. He joined the Royal Navy as a volunteer in July 1697. He served in the third-rate HMS Yarmouth and then the third-rate HMS Restoration in Autumn 1697 during the Nine Years' War and then served in the fourth-rate HMS Worcester followed by the third-rate HMS Suffolk in 1698. Promoted to lieutenant on 29 April 1702, he joined
100-679: The coronation of his wife Elizabeth II as Queen. This promotion was to a New Zealand rank, separate from the Royal Navy rank. Following the creation of the Chief of the Defence Staff in 1959, the five naval officers appointed to that position became admirals of the fleet. Recognizing the reduced post– Cold War size of the British Armed Forces, no further appointments were made to the rank after 1995 when Sir Benjamin Bathurst
125-636: The Fleet (Royal Navy) Admiral of the Fleet is a five-star naval officer rank and the highest rank of the Royal Navy , formally established in 1688. The five-star NATO rank code is OF-10 , equivalent to a field marshal in the British Army or a Marshal of the Royal Air Force . Apart from honorary appointments, no new admirals of the fleet have been named since 1995, and no honorary appointments have been made since 2014. The origins of
150-613: The Mediterranean under Admiral Nicholas Haddock , with his flag in the fourth-rate HMS Augusta later that year, but then transferred to become third-in-command in the Channel under Sir John Norris , still with his flag in HMS Augusta , in 1740 In December 1741, Ogle was despatched with a fleet of some 30 ships to support Admiral Edward Vernon in his engagement with Spanish naval forces under Admiral Blas de Lezo off
175-517: The admiral of the fleet role. In a break with tradition the rank was awarded to the most senior Admiral of the Red, who retained this substantive rank while also serving as Admiral of the Fleet. Appointments were for life, remunerated via a £5 daily stipend and an annual allowance of £1,014 for the hiring and maintenance of servants. It was intended that only one officer would hold the rank at any time, with their presence aboard any naval vessel to be denoted by
200-603: The coast of Colombia during the War of Jenkins' Ear . Ogle arrived in April 1742 and, after a week of bombardment of the City of Cartagena , the British made preparations to land near an access channel, Boca Chica, with 300 grenadiers. The Spanish defenders of two small, nearby forts, San Iago and San Philip, were driven off by a division of three ships of the fleet under Ogle but the British naval force suffered some 120 casualties with
225-505: The coast of Colombia during the War of Jenkins' Ear . The attack on Fort San Lazaro was a disaster for the British forces and the Battle of Cartagena de Indias ultimately proved a decisive Spanish victory: 50 ships were lost, badly damaged or abandoned, and 18,000 soldiers and sailors died. Ogle went on to be Commander-in-Chief, The Nore . Born to John Ogle, a Newcastle barrister , and Mary (née Braithwaite) Ogle, Chaloner Ogle came from
250-642: The death of Roberts to mark the end of the Golden Age of Piracy . Ogle was given command of the third-rate HMS Burford in the Channel Fleet in 1729 and of third-rate HMS Edinburgh in the Mediterranean in 1732. Promoted to commodore later that year he became Commander-in-Chief of the Jamaica Station with his broad pennant in the fourth-rate HMS Kingston . Promoted to rear-admiral on 11 July 1739, Ogle became second-in-command in
275-573: The fleet being divided into three divisions – red, white, or blue. Each division was assigned at least one admiral , who in turn commanded a number of vice-admirals and rear admirals . While the full admirals were nominally equals, tradition gave precedence to the Admiral of the White who held the fleet rank in addition to his substantive role. The Restoration era brought a general reorganisation of naval ranks and structure, including formalisation of
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#1732783685920300-703: The flying of the Royal Standard from the main mast . The ranks of Admiral of the Fleet and Admiral of the Red were formally separated from 1805, with an announcement in the London Gazette that "His Majesty [has] been pleased to order the Rank of Admirals of the Red to be restored" in His Majesty's Navy..." as a separate role. The same Gazette promoted 22 men to that rank. From the nineteenth century onward there were also occasional variations to
325-486: The pirate fleet of Bartholomew Roberts in the Battle of Cape Lopez in February 1722. The action was to prove a turning point in the war against the pirates and many consider the death of Roberts to mark the end of the Golden Age of Piracy . In December 1741, Ogle was despatched with a fleet of some 30 ships to support Admiral Edward Vernon in his engagement with Spanish naval forces under Admiral Blas de Lezo off
350-547: The previous requirement that only one Admiral of Fleet could serve at one time. In 1821 George IV appointed Sir John Jervis as a second admiral of the fleet, to balance the Duke of Wellington ' s promotion as a second Field Marshal in the British Army. In 1830 King William IV increased the number of admirals of the fleet to three, though these additional lifetime postings subsequently lapsed. Between 1854 and 1857 there
375-546: The rank can be traced back to John de Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp de Warwick , who was appointed ' Admiral of the King's Southern, Northern and Western Fleets ' on 18 July 1360. The appointment gave the command of the English navy to one person for the first time; this evolved into the post of Admiral of the Fleet. In the days of sailing ships the admiral distinctions then used by the Royal Navy included distinctions related to
400-710: The recriminations after the battle Ogle was accused of an assault upon Edward Trelawny , Governor of Jamaica in August 1742; he was tried in court but no judgement was given. Vernon was recalled and Ogle became Commander-in-Chief of the Jamaica Station again. Promoted to vice-admiral on 11 August 1743, Ogle presided at the courts-martial of the captains accused of cowardice at the Battle of Toulon in February 1744. Promoted to full admiral on 23 June 1744, he became Commander-in-Chief, The Nore in September 1745. He
425-482: The third-rate HMS Royal Oak later that month. Promoted to commander on 24 November 1703, Ogle was given command of the sloop HMS San Antonio which had been captured from Captain William Kidd . He transferred to the command of sixth-rate HMS Deal Castle in April 1705; his ship was captured by three French ships off Ostend in July 1706 in an action during the War of the Spanish Succession but he
450-425: The third-rate HMS Shrewsbury alone losing 100 killed and wounded as well as taking serious damage from cannon fire from Fort San Luis. Although the grenadiers landed, the subsequent attack on Fort San Lazaro was a disaster for the British forces and the Battle of Cartagena de Indias ultimately proved a decisive Spanish victory: 50 ships were lost, badly damaged or abandoned, and 18,000 soldiers and sailors died. In
475-565: Was abandoned in 1864, though the rank of admiral of the fleet was maintained. The title of First Naval Lord was renamed First Sea Lord in 1904. During the two World Wars a number of serving officers held active commissions as admirals of the fleet, as well as the First Sea Lord—e.g. Sir John Tovey . Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh was created an Admiral of the Fleet in the Royal New Zealand Navy in 1954, following
500-528: Was acquitted at the subsequent court-martial and he was then given command of the sixth-rate HMS Queenborough . Promoted to captain on 14 March 1708, Ogle was given command of the fifth-rate HMS Tartar in the Mediterranean where he took several prizes. He then transferred to the fourth-rate HMS Plymouth and then to the fourth-rate HMS Worcester both in the Baltic Sea . Ogle
525-531: Was anchored at Cape Lopez : Roberts tried to escape but Royal Fortune received a broadside from HMS Swallow as she passed and Roberts was killed in the action. Ogle was appointed a Knight Companion of the Order of the Bath in April 1723, the only British naval officer to be honoured specifically for his actions against pirates. The action was to prove a turning point in the war against the pirates and many consider
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#1732783685920550-456: Was appointed admiral of the fleet on his retirement as First Sea Lord. The rank was not abolished and in 2012 the Prince of Wales (now King Charles III ) became an honorary admiral of the fleet (as well as field marshal and marshal of the Royal Air Force ), in recognition of his support to Queen Elizabeth II in her role of as Commander-in-Chief of the British Armed Forces. In 2014, Lord Boyce ,
575-753: Was elected Member of Parliament for Rochester in November 1746 and promoted to Admiral of the Fleet on 1 July 1749. After his retirement, he lived at Gifford Lodge in Twickenham . He died in London on 11 April 1750 and was buried at St Mary's, Twickenham . The monument was sculpted by John Michael Rysbrack . In October 1714, Ogle married Henrietta Isaacson. After the death of his first wife, he married Jane Isabella Ogle (a cousin) in October 1737; there were no children from either marriage. Admiral of
600-534: Was given command of the fourth-rate HMS Swallow in March 1719 and saw action against the pirate fleet of Bartholomew Roberts in the Battle of Cape Lopez in February 1722. Ogle spotted three of Roberts' ships at anchor and initially pretended to flee: the pirate ship Ranger under Captain James Skyrme gave pursuit and was captured by HMS Swallow . Ogle then went after Roberts' flagship Royal Fortune which
625-501: Was no admiral of the fleet at all as the most senior naval officer of the time – Admiral of the Red Thomas Le Marchant Gosselin – was mentally ill and had not served at sea for forty-five years. In deference to Gosselin's seniority the position was instead left vacant until his death in 1857, whereupon it was filled by Admiral Charles Ogle . The organisation of the British fleet into coloured squadrons
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