99-698: The Champion City Kings are a college summer baseball team located in Springfield, Ohio . The Kings are a member of the East Division of the wood bat Prospect League and have been a member since 2013. The Kings play at Carleton Davidson Stadium , which is also the home of the NCAA DIII Wittenberg University Tigers. The Kings are led by General Manager Ginger Fulton and Field Manager Gavin Murphy. The franchise
198-462: A ceremonial sword . After another stroke, Clark died at Locust Grove on February 13, 1818; he was buried at Locust Grove Cemetery two days later. Clark's remains were exhumed along with those of his other family members on October 29, 1869, and buried at Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville. In his funeral oration, Judge John Rowan succinctly summed up Clark's stature and importance during
297-692: A 1790 U.S. government report, 1,500 Kentucky settlers had been killed in Indian raids since the end of the Revolutionary War. In an attempt to end the raids, Clark led an expedition of 1,200 drafted men against Native American villages along the Wabash River in 1786. The campaign, one of the first actions of the Northwest Indian War , ended without a victory. After approximately three hundred militiamen mutinied due to
396-479: A 21% increase in violent crime; from 618 per 100,000 persons to 750. Also during those years, occurrences of murder and non-negligent manslaughter steadily increased; from 5 to 7. In 2015, Springfield's violent crime reached a 14-year high, but this rate has since decreased. Springfield has a notably weakened economy due to many factors, but a key cause for degradation of the economy in Springfield has been
495-522: A baseball team in Ohio is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Springfield, Ohio Springfield is a city in and the county seat of Clark County, Ohio , United States. The municipality is located in southwestern Ohio and is situated on the Mad River , Buck Creek, and Beaver Creek, about 45 miles (72 km) west of Columbus and 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Dayton . As of
594-463: A black man accused of killing police officer Charles B. Collis. Dixon was shot to death and then hanged from a pole on the corner of Fountain and Main Street, where the mob shot his body numerous times. From there, the mob rioted through the town, destroying and burning much of the black area. The events were covered by national newspapers and provoked outrage. On February 26, 1906, an altercation between
693-427: A civil-military airport, is 6.6 miles south of Springfield, between US 68 and Ohio Route 72. The closest airport with commercial passenger flights is Dayton International Airport , 27.2 miles to the west. George Rogers Clark George Rogers Clark (November 19, 1752 – February 13, 1818) was an American military officer and surveyor from Virginia who became the highest-ranking Patriot military officer on
792-526: A day. City Hall and several municipal and county buildings were closed for one or more days. Two hospitals were locked down for part of a day. Two local colleges moved classes online for one or more days. The episode drew national and international attention to Springfield. Haitian Americans in Springfield have faced race-based attacks due to these claims. After Donald Trump won the 2024 United States presidential election , some Haitians expressed an interest in moving out of Springfield. According to
891-614: A formal investigation into the accusations. Clark left Kentucky to live in the Indiana Territory but was never fully reimbursed by the Virginian government for his wartime expenditures. During the final decades of his life, he worked to evade creditors and suffered living in increasing poverty and obscurity. He was involved in two failed attempts to open the Spanish -controlled Mississippi River to American traffic. Following
990-526: A lack of supplies, Clark had to withdraw, but not before concluding a ceasefire with the native tribes. It was rumored, most notably by James Wilkinson , that Clark had often been drunk on duty. When Clark learned of the accusations, he demanded an official inquiry, but the Virginia governor declined his request and Virginia Council condemned Clark's actions. With Clark's reputation tarnished, he never again led men in battle. Clark left Kentucky and moved across
1089-764: A major battle that pitted the Americans against the Shawnee and their indigenous allies. The Shawnees had formed an alliance with the British and the Lenape , the Wyandot , and the Mingo , refugees from warfare and displacements elsewhere, and had been raiding into Kentucky with the aim of driving out American settlers. On August 8, 1780, Piqua was attacked by American soldiers under the command of General George Rogers Clark . It
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#17327811651331188-580: A march on Fort Detroit, Clark used his own resources and borrowed from his friends to continue his campaign after the initial appropriation had been depleted from the Virginia legislature. He re-enlisted some of his troops and recruited additional men to join him. Hamilton waited for spring to begin a campaign to retake the forts at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, but Clark planned another surprise attack on Fort Sackville at Vincennes. He left Kaskaskia on February 6, 1779, with about 170 men, beginning an arduous overland trek, encountering melting snow, ice, and cold rain along
1287-637: A petition to the Virginia General Assembly , asking Virginia to formally extend its boundaries to include Kentucky. Clark and Jones traveled the Wilderness Road to Williamsburg , where they convinced Governor Patrick Henry to create Kentucky County, Virginia . Clark was given 500 lb (230 kg) of gunpowder to help defend the settlements and was appointed a major in the Kentucky County militia. Although he
1386-517: A proclamation forbidding Americans from violating U.S. neutrality and threatened to dispatch General Anthony Wayne to Fort Massac to stop the expedition. The French government recalled Genêt and revoked the commissions he granted to the Americans for the war against Spain. Clark's planned campaign gradually collapsed, and he was unable to convince the French to reimburse him for his expenses. Clark's reputation, already damaged by earlier accusations at
1485-581: A reference to the Champion Farm Equipment brand. Champion was manufactured by the Warder, Bushnell & Glessner Company, absorbed into International Harvester in 1902. International Harvester , a manufacturer of farm machinery and later trucks, became the leading local industry after 1856, when Springfield native William Whiteley invented a self-raking reaper and mower. In 1877, P. P. Mast started Farm & Fireside magazine to promote
1584-621: A report of Haitians stealing geese, for which neither law enforcement officials nor the Ohio Department of Natural Resources found any evidence or suspects. Soon thereafter, a rumor about Haitian immigrants abducting and eating pets in Springfield went viral. Springfield authorities debunked the rumor. The claims were amplified by JD Vance , a U.S. senator from Ohio and Republican vice-presidential nominee, other Republican politicians, and right-wing commentators. On Sept. 10, Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump amplified
1683-479: A result, he moved to Locust Grove , a farm eight miles (13 km) from the growing town of Louisville, and became a member of the household of his sister, Lucy, and brother-in-law, Major William Croghan, a planter. In 1812 the Virginia General Assembly granted Clark a pension of four hundred dollars per year and finally recognized his services in the Revolutionary War by presenting him with
1782-556: A retaliatory force that defeated the Shawnee at the village of Peckuwe. It has been commemorated as George Rogers Clark Park near Springfield, Ohio . In 1781, Virginia Governor Thomas Jefferson promoted Clark to brigadier general and gave him command of all the militia in the Kentucky and Illinois counties. As Clark prepared to lead another expedition against the British and their allies in Detroit, General Washington transferred
1881-579: A school bus, killing one child and injuring 23 others. In mid-2024, local politicians asked for federal assistance to fund an unexpected increased use of city services and to help with housing issues caused by the population increase. Community organizations have hired significant numbers of Haitian Creole translators. In 2024, the city drew international attention over baseless claims about local Haitian immigrants , leading to dozens of bomb threats that forced school evacuations, government office closures, and other disruptions. On August 26, police received
1980-858: A secret expedition to capture the British-held villages at Kaskaskia , Cahokia , and Vincennes in the Illinois country . Governor Henry commissioned him as a lieutenant colonel in the Illinois Regiment of the Virginia State Forces and authorized him to raise troops for the expedition. The unit originally was raised as a special Virginia militia regiment for defense of the Western Department. Clark and his officers recruited volunteers from Pennsylvania , Virginia, and North Carolina. Clark arrived at Redstone ,
2079-646: A settlement on the Monongahela River south of Fort Pitt on February 1, where he made preparations for the expedition over the next several months. The men gathered at Redstone and the regiment departed from there on May 12, proceeding on boats down the Monongahela to Fort Pitt to take on supplies and then down the Ohio to Fort Henry and on to Fort Randolph at the mouth of the Kanawha. They reached
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#17327811651332178-598: A similar fashion without firing a shot. The garrison at Vincennes along the Wabash River surrendered to Clark in August. Several other villages and British forts were subsequently captured, after British hopes of local support failed to materialize. To counter Clark's advance, Hamilton recaptured the garrison at Vincennes, which the British called Fort Sackville, with a small force in December 1778. Prior to initiating
2277-453: A small group of regulars to assist, but the detachment was disastrously defeated in August 1781 before they could meet up with Clark. This ended the western campaign. In August 1782, another British-Indian force defeated the Kentucky militia at the Battle of Blue Licks . Clark was the militia's senior military officer, but he had not been present at the battle and was severely criticized in
2376-462: A sprawling two-story stucco and concrete house, has all the features of Wright's "prairie style", including horizontal lines, low-pitched roof, and broad eaves. Wright became world-renowned, and this is his only prairie-style house in the state of Ohio. In 2000, the property was purchased by the Chicago -based Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy. As part of a prearranged plan, the house was sold to
2475-526: A stroke and the amputation of his right leg, he became disabled. Clark was aided in his final years by family members, including his younger brother William , one of the leaders of the Lewis and Clark Expedition . He died of a stroke on February 13, 1818. George Rogers Clark was born on November 19, 1752, in Albemarle County, Virginia , near Charlottesville , the hometown of Thomas Jefferson . He
2574-573: A war hero of the Revolutionary War in the West, especially as the leader of the secret expeditionary forces that captured Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes in 1778–79. Some historians have suggested that the campaign supported American claims to the Northwest Territory during negotiations that resulted in the Treaty of Paris (1783) . Clark's Grant, the large tract of land on the north side of
2673-502: A white man and a black man resulted in another riot. The rioters burned down much of the Levee, a predominantly black neighborhood located in a flood-prone area near the river. Nearly 100 people were left homeless. The final riot took place in 1921. Despite The New York Times reports that 14 people killed, there was in fact little to no actual rioting. From 1916 to 1926, 10 automobile companies operated in Springfield. Among them were
2772-474: Is Rob Rue , who was sworn in January 2024. He succeeded Warren Copeland, who had been mayor of the city since 1998. The City of Springfield operates as a council-manager form of government, with an elected City Commission operating with an appointed City Manager. The Springfield City Commission is composed of the mayor and four city commissioners, all serving four-year terms. Commissioners must be residents of
2871-536: Is a private liberal arts college founded in Springfield in 1845. Associated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America , its student body consists of roughly 1,300 full-time students. The university has a 114-acre campus and offers more than seventy majors. Wittenberg has more than 150 campus organizations, which include ten national fraternities and sororities. The WUSO radio station
2970-505: Is locally operated or programmed. WIZE broadcasts iHeart's Black Information Network ; WULM, Catholic programming from KJMJ-AM in Alexandria, Lousiana. Ohio State Route 72 runs north-south through downtown Springfield. U.S. Highway 40 runs east-west through the downtown. U.S. Highway 68 runs north-south on the west edge of the city. Interstate 70 runs east-west to the south of the city. Springfield–Beckley Municipal Airport ,
3069-511: Is operated on the campus. The city is also home to Clark State College , which offers associate's and bachelor's degrees. The Springfield and Clark County Technical Education Program opened in 1962 and began to offer technical training for residents of Springfield and surrounding communities, and was chartered as the Clark County Technical Institute on February 18, 1966, Ohio's first technical college sanctioned by
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3168-543: The 2020 census , the city had a total population of 58,662, while the Springfield metropolitan area had a population of 136,001 residents. Springfield is home to Wittenberg University , a liberal arts college. The Little Miami Scenic Trail , a paved rail-trail that is nearly 80 miles long, extends from the Buck Creek Scenic Trail head in Springfield south to Newtown, Ohio . Buck Creek State Park and its Clarence J. Brown reservoir are located at
3267-579: The East , Kentucky's settlers became involved in a dispute about the region's sovereignty. Richard Henderson , a judge and land speculator from North Carolina , had purchased much of Kentucky from the Cherokee by an illegal treaty. Henderson intended to create a proprietary colony known as Transylvania , but many Kentucky settlers did not recognize Transylvania's authority over them. In June 1776, these settlers selected Clark and John Gabriel Jones to deliver
3366-576: The Falls of the Ohio in early June where they spent about a month along the Ohio River preparing for their secret mission. In July 1778, Clark led about 175 men of the Illinois Regiment and crossed the Ohio River at Fort Massac and marched to Kaskaskia , capturing it on the night of July 4 without firing their weapons. The next day, Captain Joseph Bowman and his company captured Cahokia in
3465-497: The Indiana Canal Company in 1805 to build a canal around the Falls of the Ohio , near Clarksville, Clark was named to the board of directors. He became part of the surveying team that assisted in laying out the route of the canal. The company collapsed the next year before construction could begin, when two of the fellow board members, including Vice President Aaron Burr , were arrested for treason. A large part of
3564-623: The Ohio Board of Regents . The Clark County Public Library operates three public libraries within the city of Springfield. The city is served by one daily newspaper, the Springfield News-Sun . The Wittenberg Torch is the newspaper of Wittenberg University. WEEC-FM radio, featuring Christian -based programming, is located in the city. Two AM radio stations are licensed to Springfield— WIZE 1340, owned by iHeart Media , and WULM 1600 , licensed to Radio Maria —but neither
3663-485: The United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 25.50 square miles (66.04 km ), of which, 25.29 square miles (65.50 km ) is land and 0.21 square miles (0.54 km ) is water. The Clarence J. Brown Reservoir is located on the northeast outskirts of Springfield. Springfield experiences a humid continental climate with cold winters and hot summers. As of the 2000 census,
3762-760: The United States Congress . Due to haphazard record keeping on the frontier during the war, Virginia refused payment, claiming that Clark's receipts for his purchases were "fraudulent". As compensation for his wartime service, Virginia gave Clark a gift of 150,000 acres (610 km ) of land that became known as Clark's Grant in present-day southern Indiana, while the soldiers who fought with Clark also received smaller tracts of land. The grant and his other holdings gave Clark ownership of land that encompassed present-day Clark County, Indiana , and portions of adjoining Floyd and Scott Counties. Although Clark had claims to tens of thousands of acres of land,
3861-664: The northwestern frontier during the Revolutionary War . He served as leader of the Virginia militia in Kentucky (then part of Virginia) throughout much of the war. He is best known for his captures of Kaskaskia in 1778 and Vincennes in 1779 during the Illinois campaign , which greatly weakened British influence in the Northwest Territory (then part of the British Province of Quebec ) and earned Clark
3960-709: The "Conqueror of the Northwest." Because the British ceded the entire Old Northwest Territory to the United States in the Treaty of Paris , some historians, including William Hayden English , credit Clark with nearly doubling the size of the original Thirteen Colonies when he seized control of the Illinois country during the war. Clark's Illinois campaign—particularly the surprise march to Vincennes—was greatly celebrated and romanticized. More recent scholarship from historians such as Lowell Harrison has downplayed
4059-463: The "unhappiest city" in the country. Its 27% decrease in median income between 1999 and 2014 was the largest of any metropolitan area in the country. By 2020, the population had declined to 58,662, down more than one-quarter from its peak. By the mid-2010s, city leaders began revitalization of the downtown area, including residential housing, a parking garage and demolition of decayed structures. New downtown structures built since 2000 include
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4158-754: The Armies of France and Commander-in-chief of the French Revolutionary Legion on the Mississippi River". Clark began to organize a campaign to seize New Madrid , St. Louis , Natchez , and New Orleans , getting assistance from old comrades such as Benjamin Logan and John Montgomery , and winning the tacit support of Kentucky governor Isaac Shelby . Clark spent $ 4,680 (equivalent to $ 84,020 in 2023) of his own money for supplies. In early 1794, however, President Washington issued
4257-534: The Bramwell, Brenning, Foos, Frayer-Miller, Kelly Steam, Russell-Springfield, and Westcott. The Westcott, known as "the car built to last", was a six-cylinder four-door sedan manufactured by Burton J. Westcott of the Westcott Motor Car Company . In 1908, Westcott and his wife Orpha commissioned architect Frank Lloyd Wright to design their home at 1340 East High Street. The Westcott House ,
4356-618: The Cherokee were angry, because the Kentucky hunting grounds had been ceded without their approval. As a result, they tried to resist encroachment by the American settlers, but were unsuccessful. Clark spent a few months surveying in Kentucky, as well as assisting in organizing Kentucky as a county for Virginia prior to the American Revolutionary War. As the American Revolutionary War began in
4455-725: The Global Impact STEM Academy, an early-college middle school and high school certified in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics curriculum founded in 2013. Parts of northern Springfield are served by in Northeastern Local School District and Northwestern Local School District. Portions to the west, south, and southeast are in Clark-Shawnee Local School District. Wittenberg University
4554-571: The Ohio River that he received as compensation for his military service, included a large portion of Clark County, Indiana, and portions of Floyd and Scott Counties, as well as the present-day site of Clarksville, Indiana, the first American town laid out in the Northwest Territory (in 1784). Clark served as the first chairman of the Clarksville, Indiana, board of trustees. Clark was unable to retain title to his landholdings. At
4653-475: The Ohio River to the Indiana frontier, near present-day Clarksville, Indiana . Following his military service, and especially after 1787, Clark spent much of the remainder of his life dealing with financial difficulties. Clark had financed the majority of his military campaigns with borrowed funds. When creditors began pressuring him to repay his debts, Clark was unable to obtain reimbursement from Virginia or
4752-594: The Ohio River when hostilities broke out between the Shawnee and settlers on the Kanawha frontier; this conflict eventually culminated in Lord Dunmore's War . Most of Kentucky was not inhabited by Indians, although such tribes as the Shawnee , Cherokee , and Seneca (of the Iroquois Confederacy) used the area for hunting. Tribes in the Ohio country who had not been party to the treaty signed with
4851-725: The Ohio Valley Surgical Hospital, Springfield Regional Medical Center, Mother Stewart's Brewing Company, and the Chiller Ice Arena. As of 2018, the economic recovery enjoyed by larger cities since the Great Recession had not included Springfield, despite efforts by local politicians and business organizations. In 2021, the Upper Valley Mall , which had operated as the city's retail hub since 1971, permanently closed. In 2014,
4950-542: The Ohio Valley's native tribes to Allan Bowie Magruder and archaeological evidence related to the Mound Builders to John P. Campbell. In later life Clark continued to struggle with alcohol abuse , a problem which had plagued him on-and-off for many years. He also remained bitter about his treatment and neglect by Virginia, and blamed it for his financial misfortune. When the Indiana Territory chartered
5049-479: The United States, they "should know that the next thing would be the Tomahawk" with "Your Women & Children given to the Dogs to eat". The proposed expedition was never carried out due to budgetary concerns. After Clark's victories in the Illinois country, settlers continued to pour into Kentucky and spread into and develop the land north of the Ohio River. On December 17, 1783, was Clark appointed Principal Surveyor of Bounty Lands. From 1784 to 1788 Clark served as
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#17327811651335148-465: The Virginia Council for the disaster. In response November 1782, Clark led another expedition into the Ohio country, destroying several Indian villages along the Great Miami River , including the Shawnee village of Piqua, Miami County, Ohio . This was the last major expedition of the war. The importance of Clark's activities during the Revolutionary War has been the subject of much debate among historians. As early as 1779 George Mason called Clark
5247-407: The Virginia militia, and with Virginia's support, Clark's campaign into the Illinois country helped strengthen Virginia's claim on lands in the region as it came under the control of the Americans. Clark's military service in the interior of North America also helped him became an "important source of leadership and information (although not necessarily accurate) on the West." Clark is best known as
5346-429: The Westcott House Foundation, a newly formed group that managed an extensive 5-year, $ 5.8 million restoration, completed in October 2005. The house is now open to the public for guided tours. Crowell-Collier Publishing, a longtime pillar of local employment, closed its magazines in 1957 and sold its Springfield printing plant. The city population peaked at more than 82,000 in the 1960 census. In 1966, Robert C. Henry
5445-407: The area's natural history and customs of the various tribes of Indians who lived there. In the meantime, thousands of settlers were entering the area as a result of the Treaty of Fort Stanwix of 1768, by which some of the tribes had agreed to peace. Clark's military career began in 1774, when he served as a captain in the Virginia militia. He was preparing to lead an expedition of 90 men down
5544-581: The attempt. Kentucky militiamen generally preferred to defend their own territory and stay closer to home, rather than make the long and potentially perilous expedition to Detroit. Clark returned to the Falls of the Ohio and Louisville, Kentucky , where he continued to defend the Ohio River valley until the end of the war. In June 1780, a mixed British-Indian force, including Shawnee , Lenape and Wyandot warriors, set out from Fort Detroit and invaded Kentucky . They captured two fortified settlements and seized hundreds of prisoners. In August 1780, Clark led
5643-422: The autobiography contains factual inaccuracies, the work includes Clark's perspective on the events of his life. Some historians believe Clark wrote his memoirs in attempt to salvage his damaged reputation and to document his contributions during the Revolutionary War. On February 2, 1793, with his career seemingly over and his prospects for prosperity doubtful, Clark offered his services to Edmond-Charles Genêt ,
5742-406: The city began the "Welcome Springfield" initiative to attract immigrants in an attempt to improve the local economy. About four years later, Haitian immigrants fleeing their country's deepening crisis began to arrive. By 2024, an estimated 15,000 to 20,000 Haitian immigrants had settled in the city. The vast majority later received temporary protected status , which allows them to work without
5841-502: The city both one year prior and during their terms. As of 2024, the commissioners are David Estrop, Krystal Brown, Bridget Houston and Tracy Tackett. Most of Springfield's residents are served by the Springfield City School District , which enrolls about 7,000 students in public elementary and secondary schools. The district operates 14 schools—ten elementary, three middle, and one high school, Springfield High School —and one alternative school. Other schools in Springfield include
5940-410: The city limits. The original pre-contact inhabitants of Springfield were the Shawnee people . During the 18th century, the Ohio Country saw warfare, waves of migration and displacement, and imposition of claims by rivaling colonial powers France and Britain . With the end of the French and Indian War in 1763, the British became the sole European claimants of the region. The area was home to
6039-500: The claims during his presidential debate with Kamala Harris . Over the following week, Trump repeated and embellished his lies, adding a vow to mass-deport "migrants" from Springfield. Meanwhile, unknown perpetrators began making dozens of bomb threats to Springfield schools, city officials and employees, and municipal offices, forcing several days of evacuations, lockdowns, closures, and cancellations. Five schools were evacuated during their school days, and two more closed for
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#17327811651336138-472: The company's $ 1.2 million (equivalent to $ 24.42 million in 2023) in investments was unaccounted for; its location was never determined. Alcoholism and poor health affected Clark during his final years. In 1809 he suffered a severe stroke . When he fell into a burning fireplace, he suffered a burn on his right leg that was so severe it had to be amputated. The injury made it impossible for Clark to continue to operate his mill and live independently. As
6237-402: The controversial ambassador of revolutionary France , hoping to earn money to maintain his estate. Many Americans were outraged that the Spanish , who controlled Louisiana , denied Americans free access to the Mississippi River , their only easy outlet for long-distance commerce. The Washington administration was also unresponsive to western matters. Genêt appointed Clark "Major General in
6336-402: The critical years on the trans-Appalachian frontier: "The mighty oak of the forest has fallen, and now the scrub oaks sprout all around." Clark's career was closely tied to events in the Ohio-Mississippi Valley at a pivotal time when the region was inhabited by numerous Native American tribes and claimed by the British, Spanish, and French, as well as the fledgling U.S. government. As a member of
6435-453: The decline in manufacturing jobs. Between 1999 and 2014, Springfield saw the median income decrease by 27 percent, compared to just 8 percent across the country. In the 1990s, Springfield lost 22,000 blue collar jobs, which were the backbone of the city economy. Today, Springfield largely relies on healthcare, manufacturing, transportation, leisure, education, financial institutions, and retail for employment. The current mayor of Springfield
6534-549: The end of his life, he was poor, in ill health, and frequently intoxicated. Several years after Clark's death the government of Virginia granted his estate $ 30,000 (equivalent to $ 807,882 in 2023) as a partial payment on the debts it owed him. The Virginian government continued to repay Clark for decades; the last payment to his estate was made in 1913. Clark never married and he kept no account of any romantic relationships, although his family held that he had once been in love with Teresa de Leyba, sister of Fernando de Leyba ,
6633-639: The end of the Revolutionary War, was further maligned as a result of his involvement in these foreign intrigues. Brigadier General James Wilkinson , 2nd in command of the Legion of the United States , claimed credit for undermining Clark and for preventing supplies from being shipped down the Ohio River . In his later years Clark's mounting debts made it impossible for him to retain ownership of his land, since it became subject to seizure due to his debts. Clark deeded much of his land to friends or transferred ownership to family members so his creditors could not seize it. Lenders and their assignees eventually deprived
6732-402: The fear of deportation, due to the crisis in Haiti . Many were drawn by jobs with Springfield's growing manufacturing sector, which includes companies such as Topre , Silfex, and McGregor Metal. The influx of Haitians triggered an increase in anti-immigrant sentiment among existing residents. In August 2023, tensions were aggravated when an improperly licensed Haitian driver crashed into
6831-605: The fort, Clark forced its surrender. In 1783, Clark, who "had a reputation as an Indian hater" and once declared that he would like to see "the whole race of Indians extirpated , that for his part he would never spare Man woman or child of them on whom he could lay his hands", publicly proposed that a 2,000-strong force be mustered in Virginia to attack Native Americans in the Ohio Valley . Clark argued that this proposed expedition would show "that [the United States] are always able to crush [Native Americans] at our pleasure". He also once told Native Americans that if they declared war on
6930-534: The importance of the campaign in the peace negotiations and the outcome of the war, arguing that Clark's "conquest" was little more than a temporary occupation of territory. Although the Illinois campaign is frequently described in terms of a harsh, winter ordeal for the Americans, James Fischer points out that the capture of Kaskaskia and Vincennes may not have been as difficult as previously suggested. Kaskaskia proved to be an easy target; Clark had sent two spies there in June 1777, who reported "an absence of soldiers in
7029-501: The journey. They arrived at Vincennes on February 23 and besieged Fort Sackville . After a siege which included the killing of 5 captive Indians on Clark's orders to intimidate the British, Hamilton surrendered the garrison on February 25 and was captured in the process. The winter expedition was Clark's most significant military achievement and became the basis of his reputation as an early American military hero. News of Clark's victory reached General George Washington , and his success
7128-456: The major Shawnee village in the region, called Peckuwe or Piqua. It belonged to the Shawnee septs (sub-clans) of Pekowi and Kispoko and had a population of about 3,000. It stood at 39° 54.5′ N, 83° 54.68′ W, less than four miles southwest of the current city of Springfield and less than six miles from its center. During the Western theater of the American Revolutionary War , the area saw
7227-411: The median income for a household in the city was $ 32,193, and the median income for a family was $ 39,890. Males had a median income of $ 32,027 versus $ 23,155 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 16,660. 16.9% of the population and 13.5% of families were below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 23.9% of those under the age of 18 and 9.6% of those 65 and older were living below
7326-484: The nickname of "Conqueror of the Old Northwest". The British ceded the entire Northwest Territory to the United States in the 1783 Treaty of Paris . Clark's major military achievements occurred before his thirtieth birthday. Afterward, he led militia forces in the opening engagements of the Northwest Indian War , but was accused of being drunk on duty. He was disgraced and forced to resign, despite his demand for
7425-537: The northwest or for the defense of Kentucky, which was left entirely to the local population. Clark spent several months defending settlements against the Indian raiders as a leader in the Kentucky County militia, while developing his plan for a long-distance strike against the British. His strategy involved seizing British outposts north of the Ohio River to destroy British influence among their Indian allies. In December 1777, Clark presented his plan to Virginia's Governor Patrick Henry, and he asked for permission to lead
7524-452: The outbreak of the French and Indian War . They lived on a 400-acre (1.6 km ) plantation that they later developed to a total of more than 2,000 acres (8.1 km ). Clark had little formal education. He lived with his grandfather so that he could receive a common education at Donald Robertson's school, where fellow students included James Madison and John Taylor of Caroline . He
7623-445: The population. There were 24,459 households, of which 26.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.4% were married couples living together, 18.6% had a female householder with no spouse present, 5.9% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 41.1% were non-families. Of all households, 34.1% were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
7722-523: The poverty line. As of the 2010 census , there were 60,608 people, 24,459 households, and 14,399 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,693.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,040.0/km ). There were 28,437 housing units at an average density of 1,263.9 per square mile (488.0/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 75.2% White , 18.1% African American , 0.3% Native American , 0.8% Asian , nil% Pacific Islander , and 4.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of
7821-496: The products of his agricultural equipment company. His publishing company, known as Mast, Crowell, and Kirkpatrick, eventually developed as the Crowell-Collier Publishing Company , best known for publishing Collier's Weekly . International Harvester and Crowell-Collier Publishing would be the city's major employers throughout most of the next century. In 1894, The Kelly Springfield Tire Company
7920-511: The region helped him to become an expert on the West's natural history. Over the years he welcomed travelers, including those interested in natural history, to his home overlooking the Ohio River. Clark supplied details on the area's plant and animal life to John Pope and John James Audubon , and hosted his brother, William, and Meriweather Lewis , prior to their expedition to the Pacific Northwest . Clark also provided information on
8019-565: The result of his military service and land speculation, he was "land-poor," meaning that he owned much land but lacked the resources to develop it. Clark's receipts were discovered in the Richmond Virginia's Auditors building in the early twentieth century showing that his record keeping efforts were complete and correct but not reimbursed due to the State of Virginia's incompetency, thus he was exonerated, though not officially. Although
8118-471: The road to veer south after Springfield, but President Andrew Jackson , who took office in 1829, decided to push the road straight west to Richmond, Indiana . During the mid-and-late 19th century, the manufacturing industry began to flourish in Springfield. Industrialists included Oliver S. Kelly, James Leffel, P. P. Mast, Benjamin H. Warder , and Asa S. Bushnell , who built the self-named Bushnell Building. Springfield became known as "The Champion City",
8217-555: The superintendent of schools for Springfield Township in Clark County, established a "Boys' and Girls' Agricultural Club". About 85 children, 10 to 15 years of age, attended the first meeting on January 15, 1902, in Springfield, in the basement of the Clark County Courthouse. This was the start of what would soon be called the " 4-H Club "; it expanded to become a nationwide organization at a time when agriculture
8316-432: The superintendent-surveyor for Virginia's war veterans, surveying lands granted to them for their service in the war. The position brought Clark a small income, but he devoted very little time to the enterprise. In 1785 Clark helped to negotiate the Treaty of Fort McIntosh and the Treaty of Fort Finney in 1786, but the violence between Native Americans and European-American settlers continued to escalate. According to
8415-402: The town, its surrounding area, and the fort. Clark was already aware of the fort's military strength, poor location (surrounded by houses that could provide cover to attackers), and dilapidated condition. Clark's strategy of a surprise attack and strong intelligence were critical in catching Hamilton and his men unaware and vulnerable. After killing five captive Indians by hatchet within view of
8514-489: The town." Clark's men also easily captured Vincennes and Fort Sackville. Prior to their arrival in 1778, Clark had sent Captain Leonard Helm to Vincennes to gather intelligence. In addition, Father Pierre Gibault , a local priest, helped persuade the town's inhabitants to side with the Americans. Before Clark and his men set out to recapture Vincennes in 1779, Francis Vigo provided Clark with additional information on
8613-479: The veteran of nearly all of the property that remained in his name. Clark, who was at one time the largest landholder in the Northwest Territory, was left with only a small plot of land in Clarksville. In 1803 Clark built a cabin overlooking the Falls of the Ohio, where he lived until his health failed in 1809. He also purchased a small gristmill , which Clark operated with two slaves he owned. Clark's knowledge of
8712-407: Was 2.38, and the average family size was 3.01. In the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.2 males. From 2012 through 2014, the city experienced
8811-462: Was a ferocious battle that ended with the destruction of the Shawnee village and the exodus of its inhabitants. Clark's men spent two days burning as much as 500 acres of corn surrounding the village. Tecumseh , the Shawnee chief and warrior who later took part in the war of resistance against the U.S. and its expansionist settlement policy, lived in Piqua from 1777 until 1780. The Springfield area
8910-458: Was a mainstay of the economy in many regions. The first projects included food preservation, gardening, and elementary agriculture. Today, a historical marker exists at the Clark County courthouse, and the Library of Congress officially recognized the birthplace in 2023. On March 7, 1904, over a thousand white residents formed a lynch mob , stormed the jail, and removed prisoner Richard Dixon,
9009-564: Was also tutored at home, as was usual for the children of Virginia planters in this period. There was no public education. His grandfather trained him to be a surveyor . In 1771 at age 19, Clark left his home on his first surveying trip into western Virginia. In 1772, he made his first foray into Kentucky via the Ohio River at Pittsburgh and spent the next two years surveying the Kanawha River region, as well as learning about
9108-499: Was appointed by the city commission as mayor , making him the first black mayor of an Ohio city. In 1983, Newsweek called Springfield one of America's "dream cities". But the issue, which marked the magazine's 50th anniversary issue, concluded that "The American Dream" was in decline. The decline in manufacturing and other blue-collar industries in the United States in the late 20th and early 21st centuries hit Springfield especially hard. In 2011, Gallup called Springfield
9207-570: Was celebrated and was used to encourage the alliance with France . General Washington recognized that Clark's achievement had been gained without support from the regular army, either in men or funds. Virginia also capitalized on Clark's success, laying claim to the Old Northwest by calling it Illinois County, Virginia . Clark's ultimate goal during the Revolutionary War was to seize the British-held fort at Detroit, but he could never recruit enough men and acquire sufficient munitions to make
9306-470: Was chosen by the legislature over the village of New Boston as the county seat, winning by two votes. Early growth in Springfield was stimulated by federal construction of the National Road , which was extended to the city in 1838. For about a decade thereafter, Springfield served as the western terminus while politicians wrangled over its future route. Representatives of Dayton and Eaton wanted
9405-739: Was founded in the city. Harry Aubrey Toulmin, Sr. , patent attorney to the Wright Brothers , wrote the 1904 patent to their invention of the airplane at the Bushnell Building, eventually granted to the brothers in 1906. At the turn of the 20th century, Springfield became known as the "Home City". It was a period of high activity by fraternal organizations, and such lodges as the Masonic Lodge , Knights of Pythias , and Odd Fellows built homes for orphans and aged members of their orders. That same year, A.B. Graham, then
9504-429: Was officially ceded to the United States by the Shawnee and their indigenous allies under the Treaty of Greenville on 1795, six years before the city was founded. Springfield was founded in 1801 by European-American James Demint, a former teamster from Kentucky who named it for Springfield, Massachusetts . When Clark County was created in 1818 from parts of Champaign , Madison , and Greene counties, Springfield
9603-415: Was only 24 years old, he led older but lesser ranked settlers such as Daniel Boone , James Harrod and Benjamin Logan . In 1777, the Revolutionary War intensified in Kentucky. Lieutenant-governor Henry Hamilton , based at Fort Detroit , provided weapons to his Indian allies, supporting their raids on settlers in hope of reclaiming their lands. The Continental Army could spare no men for an invasion in
9702-999: Was previously located in Slippery Rock, PA and was known as the Sliders prior to relocating to Ohio in time for the 2014 season. The Sliders were originally a member of the Frontier League , but left the league after the 2007 season, its only year as a member. The Kings play in the Prospect League's Eastern Conference – Northeast Division along with the Chillicothe Paints , Johnstown Mill Rats , and Lafayette Aviators . Pitchers Catchers Infielders Outfielders Manager Coaches [REDACTED] Disabled list ‡ Inactive list § Suspended list updated February 19, 2024 This article about
9801-438: Was the second of ten children borne by John and Ann Rogers Clark, who were Anglicans of English and possibly Scottish descent. Five of their six sons became officers during the American Revolutionary War . Their youngest son William was too young to fight in the war, but he later became famous as a leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition . The family moved from the frontier to Caroline County, Virginia , in 1756 after
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