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73-544: Chandos Anthems , HWV 246–256, is the common name of a set of anthems written by George Frideric Handel . These sacred choral compositions number eleven; a twelfth of disputed authorship is not considered here. The texts are psalms and combined psalm verses in English. Handel wrote the anthems as composer in residence at Cannons , the court of James Brydges , who became the First Duke of Chandos in 1719. His chapel

146-484: A treble is a boy soprano , whether they finished puberty or are still a child, as long as they are still able to sing in that range. The term "soprano" is also based on the Latin word superius which, like soprano, referred to the highest pitch vocal range of all human voice types. The word superius was especially used in choral and other multi-part vocal music between the 13th and 16th centuries. The soprano has

219-753: A 2009 performance, and a written A ♮ 6 by Audrey Luna in 2017 in The Exterminating Angel , both at the Metropolitan Opera in New York. The dramatic coloratura soprano is a coloratura soprano with great flexibility in high-lying velocity passages, yet with great sustaining power comparable to that of a full spinto or dramatic soprano. Dramatic coloraturas have a range of approximately "low B" (B 3 ) to "high F" (F 6 ) with some coloratura sopranos being able to sing somewhat higher or lower. In classical music and opera,

292-735: A Crown dependency, uses "God Save the King" as a Royal anthem, but also has its own local anthem, "O Land of Our Birth" (Manx: " O Halloo Nyn Ghooie "). Although the United States has " The Star-Spangled Banner " as its official national anthem, all except two of its constituent states and territories also have their own regional anthem (referred to by most US states as a " state song "), along with Washington, DC . The two exceptions are New Jersey , which has never had an official state song, and Maryland , which rescinded " Maryland, My Maryland " in 2021 due to its racist language and has yet to adopt

365-693: A Nossa Pátria Bem Amada " is the national anthem of Guinea-Bissau and was also the national anthem of Cape Verde until 1996. " Oben am jungen Rhein ", the national anthem of Liechtenstein , is set to the tune of "God Save the King/Queen". Other anthems that have used the same melody include " Heil dir im Siegerkranz " (Germany), " Kongesangen " (Norway), " My Country, 'Tis of Thee " (United States), " Rufst du, mein Vaterland " (Switzerland), " E Ola Ke Alii Ke Akua " (Hawaiʻi), and " The Prayer of Russians ". The Estonian anthem " Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm "

438-446: A brighter timbre. Many young singers start out as soubrettes, but, as they grow older and the voice matures more physically, they may be reclassified as another voice type, usually either a light lyric soprano, a lyric coloratura soprano, or a coloratura mezzo-soprano. Rarely does a singer remain a soubrette throughout her entire career. A soubrette's range extends approximately from Middle C (C 4 ) to "high D" (D 6 ). The tessitura of

511-463: A certain accompanying text, and it is often difficult to make any other text fit that same melodic arrangement. It also often changes melody and/or meter, frequently multiple times within a single song, and is sung straight through from start to finish, without repeating the melody for following verses like a normal song (although certain sections may be repeated when marked). An example of an anthem with multiple meter shifts, fuguing, and repeated sections

584-785: A dominion and colony of the UK, the " Ode to Newfoundland ". It was the only Canadian province with its own anthem until 2010, when Prince Edward Island adopted the 1908 song " The Island Hymn " as its provincial anthem. Czechoslovakia had a national anthem composed of two parts, the Czech anthem followed by one verse of the Slovak one . After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia , the Czech Republic adopted its own regional anthem as its national one, whereas Slovakia did so with slightly changed lyrics and an additional stanza. In Germany , many of

657-563: A form of liturgical music . In the Church of England , the rubric appoints them to follow the third collect at morning and evening prayer. Several anthems are included in the British coronation service . The words are selected from Holy Scripture or in some cases from the Liturgy and the music is generally more elaborate and varied than that of psalm or hymn tunes . Being written for

730-456: A light lyric soprano or a full lyric soprano. The light lyric soprano has a bigger voice than a soubrette but still possesses a youthful quality. The full lyric soprano has a more mature sound than a light-lyric soprano and can be heard over a bigger orchestra. Also lirico- spinto , Italian for "pushed lyric", the spinto soprano has the brightness and height of a lyric soprano, but can be "pushed" to dramatic climaxes without strain, and may have

803-547: A lyric coloratura or a dramatic coloratura. The lyric coloratura soprano is a very agile light voice with a high upper extension capable of fast vocal coloratura. Light coloraturas have a range of approximately middle C (C 4 ) to "high F" ( in alt ) (F 6 ) with some coloratura sopranos being able to sing somewhat lower or higher, e.g. an interpolated A ♭ 6 in the Doll Aria, "Les oiseaux dans la charmille", from The Tales of Hoffmann , e.g. by Rachele Gilmore in

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876-462: A psalm completely was familiar to him from older models, and he used it in his own settings of psalms in Latin in 1707, and in No. 1, setting the complete Psalm 100 . He used the first method in setting Psalm 51, for example, in No. 3. Handel perhaps composed the anthems in pairs, sometimes reusing older material. Ten of the anthems were published in 1748, today's numbers 2 to 11, in different order. No. 1,

949-495: A replacement. The state songs are selected by each state legislature , and/or state governor, as a symbol (or emblem) of that particular US state. Some US states have more than one official state song, and may refer to some of their official songs by other names; for example, Arkansas officially has two state songs, plus a state anthem, and a state historical song. Tennessee has the most state songs, with 12 official state songs and an official bicentennial rap . Arizona has

1022-576: A separate flag anthem for such purposes. Not all countries have flag anthems. Some used them in the past but no longer do so, such as Iran, China, and South Africa. Flag anthems can be officially codified in law, or unofficially recognized by custom and convention. In some countries, the flag anthem may be just another song, and in others, it may be an official symbol of the state akin to a second national anthem, such as in Taiwan. Many pop songs are used as sports anthems , notably including Queen 's " We Are

1095-468: A somewhat darker timbre. Spinto sopranos have a range from approximately B (B 3 ) to "high D" (D 6 ). A dramatic soprano (or soprano robusto ) has a powerful, rich, emotive voice that can sing over a full orchestra. Usually (but not always) this voice has a lower tessitura than other sopranos, and a darker timbre. Dramatic sopranos have a range from approximately A (A 3 ) to "high C" (C 6 ). Some dramatic sopranos, known as Wagnerian sopranos, have

1168-425: A song that was written specifically as a state anthem in 1915, as well as the 1981 country hit "Arizona", which it adopted as the alternate state anthem in 1982. Two individuals, Stephen Foster , and John Denver , have written or co-written two state songs. Foster's two state songs, " Old Folks at Home " (better known as "Swanee Ribber" or "Suwannee River"), adopted by Florida, and " My Old Kentucky Home " are among

1241-406: A soubrette soprano refers to both a voice type and a particular type of opera role. A soubrette voice is light with a bright, sweet timbre, a tessitura in the mid-range, and with no extensive coloratura. The soubrette voice is not a weak voice, for it must carry over an orchestra without a microphone like all voices in opera. The voice, however, has a lighter vocal weight than other soprano voices with

1314-549: A trained choir rather than the congregation, the Anglican anthem is analogous to the motet of the Catholic and Lutheran Churches but represents an essentially English musical form . Anthems may be described as " verse ", "full", or "full with verse", depending on whether they are intended for soloists , the full choir , or both. Another way of describing an anthem is that it is a piece of music written specifically to fit

1387-536: A well-received recording of three of the anthems in 2009 by the Choir of Trinity College, Cambridge . The choir, directed by Stephen Layton , has 40 members. Anthem Anthem is derived from the Greek ἀντίφωνα ( antíphōna ) via Old English antefn . Both words originally referred to antiphons , a call-and-response style of the singing. The adjectival form is "anthemic". Anthems were originally

1460-460: Is "Claremont", or "Vital Spark of Heav'nly Flame". Another well known example is William Billing 's "Easter Anthem", also known as "The Lord Is Risen Indeed!" after the opening lines. This anthem is still one of the more popular songs in the Sacred Harp tune book. The anthem developed as a replacement for the Catholic "votive antiphon" commonly sung as an appendix to the main office to

1533-474: Is based on Mazurek Dąbrowskiego , which has also been the anthem of Poland since 1926, but the Yugoslav variation is much slower and more accentuated. Between 1991 and 1994 " Deșteaptă-te, române! " was the national anthem of both Romania (which adopted it in 1990) and Moldova , but in the case of the latter it was replaced by the current Moldovan national anthem, " Limba noastră ". Between 1975 and 1977,

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1606-479: Is from approximately middle C (C 4 ) = 261  Hz to "high A" (A 5 ) = 880 Hz in choral music , or to "soprano C" (C 6 , two octaves above middle C) = 1046 Hz or higher in operatic music. In four-part chorale style harmony, the soprano takes the highest part, which often encompasses the melody . The soprano voice type is generally divided into the coloratura , soubrette , lyric , spinto , and dramatic soprano. The word "soprano" comes from

1679-510: Is generally a patriotic musical composition that extols and praises a flag, typically one of a country, in which case it is sometimes called a national flag anthem. It is often either sung or performed during or immediately before the raising or lowering of a flag during a ceremony. Most countries use their respective national anthems or some other patriotic song for this purpose. However, some countries, particularly in South America, use

1752-518: Is set to a melody composed in 1848 by Fredrik (Friedrich) Pacius which is also that of the national anthem of Finland : " Maamme " (" Vårt Land " in Swedish). It is also considered to be the ethnic anthem for the Livonian people with lyrics " Min izāmō, min sindimō " ("My Fatherland, my native land"). " Hey, Slavs " is dedicated to Slavic peoples . Its first lyrics were written in 1834 under

1825-654: Is the Lord" and 1914 "Give unto the Lord" (both with orchestral accompaniment); Benjamin Britten 's 1943 " Rejoice in the Lamb " (a modern example of a multi-movement anthem, today heard mainly as a concert piece); and, on a much smaller scale, Ralph Vaughan Williams 's 1952 "O Taste and See" written for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II . With the relaxation of the rule, in England at least, that anthems should only be in English,

1898-545: Is the longest national anthem in the world by length of text. In 1865, the first three stanzas and later the first two officially became the national anthem of Greece and later also that of the Republic of Cyprus . " Forged from the Love of Liberty " was composed as the national anthem for the short-lived West Indies Federation (1958–1962) and was adopted by Trinidad and Tobago when it became independent in 1962. " Esta É

1971-599: The Chandos Jubilate , was left out, possibly because the Utrecht Jubilate was published earlier. In the Samuel Arnold edition of Handel's works, there were twelve anthems, one in two versions, and a No. 12 added, O praise the Lord, ye angels of his . It is debated if this work was composed by Handel. Friedrich Chrysander 's edition of Handel's works names these anthems simply Psalmen , and in

2044-570: The Hallische Händel-Ausgabe by Bärenreiter , they are titled Anthems for Cannons . Carus-Verlag published an edition of the individual anthems in 2009, calling them Cannons Anthems . The scoring of the anthems adjusts to the musicians available at the church, resulting, with only few exceptions, in a three-part choir of soprano , tenor and bass , and similarly an orchestra without violas, with oboes playing in unison, two violins and basso continuo . The light texture gives

2117-539: The Basque Country , and " Os Pinos " of Galicia , all written and sung in the local languages. The United Kingdom's national anthem is " God Save the King " but its constituent countries and Crown Dependencies also have their own equivalent songs which have varying degrees of official recognition. England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland each have anthems which are played at occasions such as sports matches and official events. The Isle of Man ,

2190-641: The Blessed Virgin Mary or other saints . During the Elizabethan period , notable anthems were composed by Thomas Tallis , William Byrd , Tye, and Farrant but they were not mentioned in the Book of Common Prayer until 1662 when the famous rubric "In quires and places where they sing here followeth the Anthem" first appears. Early anthems tended to be simple and homophonic in texture, so that

2263-485: The Book of Common Prayer (BCP) and from a metrical version of the psalms by Nahum Tate and Nicholas Brady , published as New Version of the Psalms (NVP) in 1696. Handel used three types of selection, on top of setting a complete psalm, firstly a shortened psalm, secondly a shortened psalm with an added verse from a different psalm, and often, most advanced, a compilation of verses from several different psalms. Setting

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2336-596: The Länder (states) have their own anthems, some of which predate the unification of Germany in 1871. A prominent example is the Hymn of Bavaria , which also has the status of an official anthem (and thus enjoys legal protection). There are also several unofficial regional anthems, like the " Badnerlied " and the " Niedersachsenlied ". Some of the states and union territories of India have officially adopted their own state anthem for use during state government functions. All

2409-605: The Middle East , Oceania , Africa , and the Caribbean use a simpler fanfare . Some countries that are devolved into multiple constituent states have their own official musical compositions for them (such as with the United Kingdom, Russian Federation, and the former Soviet Union); their constituencies' songs are sometimes referred to as national anthems even though they are not sovereign states . A flag anthem

2482-612: The Montenegrin and Serbian regions of Serbia and Montenegro adopted their own regional anthems. When the two regions both became independent sovereign states in mid-2006, their regional anthems became their national anthems. Fourteen of the fifteen constituent states of the Soviet Union had their own official song which was used at events connected to that region, and also written and sung in that region's own language. The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic used

2555-599: The Rodgers and Hammerstein musical), Hoagy Carmichael 's " Georgia on My Mind ", " Tennessee Waltz ", " Missouri Waltz ", and " On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away ". Many of the others are much less well-known, especially outside the state. New Jersey has no official state song, while Virginia 's previous state song, " Carry Me Back to Old Virginny ", adopted in 1940, was later rescinded in 1997 due to its racist language by

2628-462: The Samuel Arnold edition of Handel's works. In the Hallische Händel-Ausgabe , anthems 1 to 11 are titled Anthems for Cannons . Carus-Verlag published an edition in 2009, calling them Cannons Anthems . In 1717, Handel became composer in residence at Cannons in Middlesex , seat of James Brydges, Earl of Carnarvon , who in 1719 became the First Duke of Chandos. Johann Christoph Pepusch

2701-765: The Slovene one on the brink of the breakup of Yugoslavia . Before 1989, Macedonia did not officially use a regional anthem, even though one was proclaimed during the World War II by the Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia (ASNOM). Soprano A soprano ( Italian pronunciation: [soˈpraːno] ) is a type of classical singing voice and has the highest vocal range of all voice types . The soprano's vocal range (using scientific pitch notation )

2774-476: The South African national anthem has been a hybrid song combining new English lyrics with extracts of "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" and the former state anthem " Die Stem van Suid-Afrika ". For North and South Korea, the folk song Arirang is considered a shared anthem for both countries. For example, it was played when the two Koreas marched together during the 2018 Winter Olympics . " Hymn to Liberty "

2847-617: The Soviet Union . Accordingly, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, and Ukraine have banned those anthems amongst other things deemed to be symbols of fascism, socialism, communism, and the Soviet Union and its republics. In Poland , dissemination of items which are “media of fascist, communist, or other totalitarian symbolism” was criminalized in 1997. However, in 2011 the Constitutional Tribunal found this sanction to be unconstitutional. In contrast to this treatment of

2920-565: The Virginia General Assembly . In 2015, " Our Great Virginia " was made the new state song of Virginia. Iowa (" The Song of Iowa ") uses the tune from the song " O Tannenbaum " as the melody to its official state song. In Yugoslavia , each of the country's constituent states (except for Bosnia and Herzegovina ) had the right to have its own anthem, but only the Croatian one actually did so initially, later joined by

2993-489: The alto , tenor , and bass . Sopranos commonly sing in the tessitura G4-A5. When the composer calls for divisi, sopranos can be separated into Soprano I (highest part) and Soprano II (lower soprano part). In contrast to choral singing, in classical solo singing a person is classified through the identification of several vocal traits, including range, vocal timbre , vocal weight , vocal tessitura , vocal resonance , and vocal transition points (lifts or " passaggio ") within

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3066-440: The coloratura repertoire, several roles call for E ♭ 6 on up to F 6 . In rare cases, some coloratura roles go as high as G 6 or G ♯ 6 , such as Mozart's concert aria " Popoli di Tessaglia! ", or the title role of Jules Massenet 's opera Esclarmonde . While not necessarily within the tessitura, a good soprano will be able to sing her top notes full-throated, with timbre and dynamic control. In opera,

3139-433: The staff ). However, rarely is a soprano simply unable to sing a low note in a song within a soprano role. Low notes can be reached with a lowered position of the larynx . The high extreme, at a minimum, for non-coloratura sopranos is "soprano C" (C 6 two octaves above middle C), and many roles in the standard repertoire call for C ♯ 6 or D 6 . A couple of roles have optional E ♭ 6 s, as well. In

3212-583: The symbolism , promotion of fascist, communist and other totalitarian ideology remains illegal. Those laws do not apply to the anthems of Russia , Belarus , Uzbekistan , Kazakhstan , and Tajikistan which used the melody with different lyrics. In Spain , the situation is similar to that in Austria and Germany. Unlike the national anthem, most of the anthems of the autonomous communities have words. All are official. Three prominent examples are " Els Segadors " of Catalonia , " Eusko Abendaren Ereserkia " of

3285-408: The tessitura , vocal weight , and timbre of voices, and the roles they sing, are commonly categorized into voice types, often called Fächer ( sg. Fach , from German Fach or Stimmfach , "vocal category"). A singer's tessitura is where the voice has the best timbre, easy volume , and most comfort. In SATB four-part mixed chorus, the soprano is the highest vocal range, above

3358-647: The Champions " and " We Will Rock You ", and some sporting events have their own anthems, most notably including UEFA Champions League . Although anthems are used to distinguish states and territories, there are instances of shared anthems. " Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika " became a pan-African liberation anthem and was later adopted as the national anthem of five countries in Africa including Zambia , Tanzania , Namibia and Zimbabwe after independence. Zimbabwe and Namibia have since adopted new national anthems. Since 1997,

3431-484: The Italian word sopra (above, over, on top of), as the soprano is the highest pitch human voice, often given to the leading female roles in operas. "Soprano" refers mainly to women, but it can also be applied to men; " sopranist " is the term for a male countertenor able to sing in the soprano vocal range, while a castrato is the term for a castrated male singer, typical of the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, and

3504-640: The Soviet Union ", was used until its dissolution in 1991, and was given new words and adopted by the Russian Federation in 2000 to replace an instrumental national anthem that had been introduced in 1990. " Bro Gozh ma Zadoù ", the regional anthem of Brittany and, " Bro Goth Agan Tasow ", the Cornish regional anthem, are sung to the same tune as that of the Welsh regional anthem " Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau ", with similar words. Some countries, such as

3577-624: The Soviet Union's national anthem as its regional anthem (" The Internationale " from 1917 to 1944 and the " National Anthem of the Soviet Union " from 1944 to 1990) until 1990, the last of the Soviet constituent states to do so. After the Soviet Union disbanded in the early 1990s, some of its former constituent states, now sovereign nations in their own right, retained the melodies of their old Soviet-era regional anthems until replacing them or, in some cases, still use them today. Unlike most national anthems, few of which were composed by renowned composers,

3650-497: The Soviet Union's various regional anthems were composed by some of the best Soviet composers, including world-renowned Gustav Ernesaks (Estonia), Aram Khachaturian (Armenia), Otar Taktakishvili (Georgia), and Uzeyir Hajibeyov (Azerbaijan). The lyrics present great similarities, all having mentions to Vladimir Lenin (and most, in their initial versions, to Joseph Stalin , the Armenian and Uzbek anthems being exceptions), to

3723-686: The Year 2000 ", and Toto 's "Child's Anthem". A national anthem (also state anthem, national hymn, national song, etc.) is generally a patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions, and struggles of a country 's people, recognized either by that state's government as the official national song , or by convention through use by the people. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. The countries of Latin America , Central Asia , and Europe tend towards more ornate and operatic pieces, while those in

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3796-784: The best-known songs in the US On March 12, 2007, the Colorado Senate passed a resolution to make Denver's trademark 1972 hit " Rocky Mountain High " one of the state's two official state songs, sharing duties with its predecessor, "Where the Columbines Grow". On March 7, 2014, the West Virginia Legislature approved a resolution to make Denver's " Take Me Home, Country Roads " one of four official state songs of West Virginia. Governor Earl Ray Tomblin signed

3869-401: The century, Charles Villiers Stanford used symphonic techniques to produce a more concise and unified structure. Many anthems have been written since then, generally by specialists in organ music rather than composers , and often in a conservative style. Major composers have usually written anthems in response to commissions and for special occasions: for instance Edward Elgar 's 1912 "Great

3942-552: The former Soviet Union , Spain , and the United Kingdom , among others, are held to be unions of several "nations" by various definitions. Each of the different "nations" may have their own anthem and these songs may or may not be officially recognized; these compositions are typically referred to as regional anthems though may be known by other names as well (e.g. "state songs" in the United States ). In Austria ,

4015-578: The guiding role of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union , and to the brotherhood of the Soviet peoples, including a specific reference to the friendship of the Russian people (the Estonian, Georgian and Karelo-Finnish anthems were apparently an exception to this last rule). Some of the Soviet regional anthems' melodies can be sung in the Soviet Union anthem lyrics (Ukrainian and Belarus are

4088-585: The highest vocal range of all voice types , with the highest tessitura . A soprano and a mezzo-soprano have a similar range, but their tessituras will lie in different parts of that range. The low extreme for sopranos is roughly A 3 or B ♭ 3 (just below middle C). Within opera, the lowest demanded note for sopranos is F 3 (from Richard Strauss 's Die Frau ohne Schatten ). Often low notes in higher voices will project less, lack timbre, and tend to "count less" in roles (although some Verdi, Strauss and Wagner roles call for stronger singing below

4161-444: The individual states of Malaysia have their own anthems. In Mexico , after the national anthem was established in 1854, most of the states of the federation adopted their own regional anthems, which often emphasize heroes, virtues or particular landscapes. In particular, the regional anthem of Zacatecas , the " Marcha de Zacatecas ", is one of the more well-known of Mexico's various regional anthems. In 2004 and 2005 respectively,

4234-434: The most fitted in this case). Most of these regional anthems were replaced with new national ones during or after the dissolution of the Soviet Union ; Belarus , Kazakhstan (until 2006), Tajikistan , Turkmenistan (until 1997), and Uzbekistan kept the melodies, but with different lyrics. Russia itself had abandoned the Soviet hymn, replacing it with a tune by Glinka . However, with Vladimir Putin coming to power,

4307-549: The music the character of chamber music . Handel reused material in some of the anthems that he had composed before, such as Utrecht Jubilate , which had been performed in a thanksgiving service for the Peace of Utrecht at St. Paul's Cathedral . Many movements rely on earlier music, and several were later expanded in new context. Romain Rolland wrote that these anthems (or Psalms) stood, in relation to Handel's oratorios, much

4380-442: The national anthem of Romania " E scris pe tricolor Unire " shared the same melody as the national anthem of Albania " Himni i Flamurit ", which is the melody of a Romanian patriotic song " Pe-al nostru steag e scris Unire ". The modern national anthem of Germany , " Das Lied der Deutschen ", uses the same tune as the 19th- and early 20th-century Austro-Hungarian imperial anthem " Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser ". The " Hymn of

4453-404: The old Soviet tune was restored, with new lyrics written to it. Like the hammer and sickle and red star , the public performance of the anthems of the Soviet Union's various regional anthems the national anthem of the Soviet Union itself are considered as occupation symbols as well as symbols of totalitarianism and state terror by several countries formerly either members of or occupied by

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4526-413: The repertoire has been greatly enhanced by the addition of many works from the Latin repertoire. The word "anthem" is commonly used to describe any celebratory song or composition for a distinct group, as in national anthems . Further, some songs are artistically styled as anthems, whether or not they are used as such, including Marilyn Manson 's " Irresponsible Hate Anthem ", Silverchair 's " Anthem for

4599-518: The resolution into law on March 8, 2014. Additionally, Woody Guthrie wrote or co-wrote two state folk songs – Roll On, Columbia, Roll On and Oklahoma Hills – but they have separate status from the official state songs of Washington and Oklahoma, respectively. Other well-known state songs include " Yankee Doodle ", " You Are My Sunshine ", " Rocky Top ", and " Home on the Range "; a number of others are popular standards, including " Oklahoma " (from

4672-483: The same way that the Italian cantatas stood to his operas: "splendid sketches of the more monumental works". John A. Davis wrote that they contain "almost every type and style of Handel's music", and thus "present a rather comprehensive panorama of the composer's creative output". Eleven Chandos Anthems were recorded in 1987-89 by The Sixteen , conducted by Harry Christophers . The Chandos Anthems are sometimes sung by larger forces than Handel intended, as for example in

4745-480: The singer's voice. These different traits are used to identify different sub-types within the voice. Within opera , particular roles are written with specific kinds of soprano voices in mind, causing certain roles to be associated with certain kinds of voices . Within the soprano voice type category are five generally recognized subcategories: coloratura soprano , soubrette , lyric soprano , spinto soprano , and dramatic soprano . The coloratura soprano may be

4818-602: The situation is similar to that in Germany. The regional anthem of Upper Austria , the "Hoamatgsang" (English: "Chant of the Homeland" ), is notable as the only (official) German-language anthem written – and sung – entirely in dialect. In Belgium , Wallonia uses " Le Chant des Wallons " and Flanders uses " De Vlaamse Leeuw ". Most of the Brazilian states have official anthems. Minas Gerais uses an adapted version of

4891-429: The soubrette tends to lie a bit lower than the lyric soprano and spinto soprano. The lyric soprano is a warm voice with a bright, full timbre, which can be heard over a big orchestra. It generally has a higher tessitura than a soubrette and usually plays ingénues and other sympathetic characters in opera. Lyric sopranos have a range from approximately middle C (C 4 ) to "high D" (D 6 ). The lyric soprano may be

4964-646: The title "Hey, Slovaks" ("Hej, Slováci") by Samuel Tomášik and it has since served as the ethnic anthem of the Pan-Slavic movement, the organizational anthem of the Sokol physical education and political movement, the national anthem of Yugoslavia and the transitional anthem of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro . The song is also considered to be the second, unofficial anthem of the Slovaks. Its melody

5037-531: The traditional Italian song "Vieni sul mar" as its unofficial anthem. During the Vargas Era (1937–1945) all regional symbols including anthems were banned, but they were legalized again by the Eurico Gaspar Dutra government. The Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador , having been the independent Dominion of Newfoundland before 1949, also has its own regional anthem from its days as

5110-653: The words could be clearly heard. During the 17th century, notable anthems were composed by Orlando Gibbons , Henry Purcell , and John Blow , with the verse anthem becoming the dominant musical form of the Restoration . In the 18th century, famed anthems were composed by Croft, Boyce, James Kent , James Nares , Benjamin Cooke , and Samuel Arnold . In the 19th century, Samuel Sebastian Wesley wrote anthems influenced by contemporary oratorio which stretch to several movements and last twenty minutes or longer. Later in

5183-424: Was Master of Music, having taken up his post before Handel's arrival. During his stay , Handel composed anthems which became known as the Chandos Anthems , for use in Anglican church services. Brydges had a chapel built, but it was still under construction when Handel composed the pieces, and was completed in 1720. Therefore, the court services were held at the parish church St Lawrence in Whitchurch . The church

5256-473: Was not yet finished, and services were therefore held at St Lawrence in Whitchurch . The scoring is intimate, in keeping with the possibilities there. Some of the anthems rely on earlier works, and some were later revised for other purposes. Ten of the anthems were published in 1748. With a leading Jubilate , an additional closing anthem in different scoring, and in different order, they were published in

5329-457: Was remodeled to the Earl's baroque taste, finished in 1716. It contains artwork by Louis Laguerre and Antonio Bellucci . The organ used by Handel is at its east end . The organ was modified over the years, but it was restored in 1994, using the surviving parts of the original 1716 single- manual instrument as a reference. Handel probably selected and compiled the texts himself, drawing from both

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