Chapingo is a small town located on the outskirts of the city of Texcoco, State of Mexico in central Mexico .
88-410: It is located at 19°29′N 98°53′W / 19.483°N 98.883°W / 19.483; -98.883 , about 25 km (16 mi) east-northeast of Mexico City International Airport . Chapingo is most notable as the location of Chapingo Autonomous University (Universidad Autónoma Chapingo). The UACh, as it is known, is the country's most prestigious center for agricultural studies. It
176-569: A 287-room NH hotel , and izZzleep Hotel Terminal 2. The parking facilities accommodate 3,000 vehicles. Airlines serving Terminal 2 include Aeroméxico, Aeroméxico Connect, Copa Airlines, Delta Air Lines, LATAM Brasil , LATAM Chile , and LATAM Perú . The distance between the two terminals is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi). A bus shuttle service named "inter-terminal transportation" facilitates seamless transit between Terminal 1 and Terminal 2. Bus stops are conveniently positioned at entrance 6 of Terminal 1 and entrance 4 of Terminal 2. Passengers holding
264-550: A 900 metres (3,000 ft) long departures concourse (gates 1 to 28) connected via a walkway to a satellite building (gates 29-36). Gates 1 to 18 serve domestic flights, while gates 19 to 36 cater to international flights. Thirty-three gates are equipped with jetbridges, and additional 17 remote positions can be reached by bus. The terminal also houses a 110-room Hilton hotel, administrative offices, two long-distance bus terminals, and parking facilities available for 5,500 vehicles. Terminal 1 features various VIP lounges , including
352-579: A Joaquín Bauche Alcalde dropped 15 kilograms of dynamite on rebel boats. Although the attack did not cause any damage below, it is the first known instance of air-to-sea bombing. Masson also performed leaflet drops , also considered the first ever done. On February 5, 1915, the leader of the Constitutionalist Army , Venustiano Carranza , founded the Military Aviation Arm ( Arma de Aviación Militar ), which would become
440-550: A boarding pass, as well as technical and cabin crew, have the option to utilize the Aerotrén people mover system. Operating at a speed of 45 kilometres per hour (28 mph), the Aerotrén has a daily passenger capacity of 7,800. The intended construction of Terminal 3 faced cancellation amid the global COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The recovery of flight numbers to 2019 levels is anticipated to take several years. Furthermore,
528-401: A century, it aimed to replace the ageing Mexico City International Airport by 2023, featuring a state-of-the-art terminal of 560,000 square metres (6,000,000 sq ft) and six runways. However, President López Obrador , then a candidate, campaigned against Texcoco Airport, leading to a divisive political discourse. Upon assuming the presidency, López Obrador´s administration initiated
616-629: A controversial referendum to gauge public opinion on completing Texcoco Airport or proceeding with the Santa Lucía expansion. Despite facing criticism for lacking official validity and result interpretation challenges, López Obrador's administration pursued the Santa Lucía expansion, resulting in Felipe Ángeles International Airport , officially opened in 2022. Positioned as the secondary airport of Mexico City, it has been slow to gain prominence. On July 23, 2020, an extension of Terminal 2, named Pier L,
704-532: A government decree. In 2023, Mexico City International Airport handled 48,415,693 passengers, establishing itself as the busiest airport in Latin America . The recorded year-to-year increase was 4.7%. In the realm of international passengers, it ranks as the third busiest airport in Latin America , serving 16,332,734 passengers, following Cancún and Panama City-Tocumen airports. In 2022, it
792-632: A joint venture between Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares (ASA) and Hakim Grupo Industrial, led by Alfredo Hakim Aburto at the time. Mexicana , a key player in the country's aviation industry, initiated a decentralization effort to alleviate congestion at the airport. This effort involved relocating numerous flights to airports in Guadalajara , Monterrey , and Mérida . In 1994, all general aviation operations were moved to Toluca International Airport . Since then, only government, military, commercial, and specially authorized aircraft are allowed at
880-679: A lasting impact. In 2002, President Vicente Fox 's administration introduced an ambitious plan for a new expansive airport covering 5,000 hectares (12,000 acres) in the municipalities of Atenco and Texcoco . However, the Atenco project faced substantial opposition and controversy, especially from the Community Front in Defense of Land ( Spanish : Frente del Pueblo en Defensa de La Tierra, FPDT ), representing locals facing displacement. Protests escalated into violent clashes, resulting in
968-556: A military complex. Air Force Base No. 19 ( Spanish : Base Aérea Militar No. 19 Ciudad de México ) (B.A.M. 19) is located on the airport grounds, adjacent to Terminal 2. It serves as the home for the High Command Special Air Transport Unit (UETAAM) managing a diverse fleet of aircraft that includes the Boeing 737 , IAI 201, JetStar, King Air , SA 330J , and UH-60 Black Hawk . It also hosts
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#17327870311761056-444: A new departures concourse, and the construction of a long-distance bus terminal. The bus station provided access to a food court, the international arrivals and departures area, and a pedestrian bridge connecting to "The Peñón de los Baños" neighborhood. Throughout the 2000s and 2010s, political initiatives aimed at establishing nearby airports such as Puebla , Toluca , Cuernavaca , and Querétaro as supplementary options for serving
1144-411: A northeast wind. Being a hot and high airport at an elevation 2,230 metres (7,320 ft) above sea level , any aircraft departing or arriving suffers from degraded performance due to the thinner air at such a high elevation. The field itself spans 747 hectares (1,850 acres), featuring two parallel runways, less than 300 metres (980 ft) apart, hindering simultaneous operations. Runway 05L/23R
1232-520: A refueling stop in Tijuana. However, the airline does not have traffic rights to transport passengers solely between Mexico City and Tijuana. : Turkish Airlines’ flights to Istanbul make a refueling stop in Cancun. However, the airline does not have traffic rights to transport passengers solely between Mexico City and Cancun. Apart from the scheduled airlines mentioned earlier, Mexico City Airport
1320-731: A specific Air Region in the country. Components of Air Bases include Headquarters, Flight Units, Technical Services of the Air Force, and Technical and Administrative Services. Air Force Stations, also called Military Air Stations ( Spanish : Estación Aérea Militar ) (EAM), are command and control units subordinate to Air Regions, designed to support military air operations. Typically situated within civilian airport facilities, these stations serve to direct, coordinate, and provide logistical support for military air operations occurring within, from, or to their installation. These stations are exclusively integrated with service organizations, catering to
1408-577: A total of 10 deaths occurred. Since then, for safety reasons, military parade flyovers in Mexico have been smaller in participation. In 2004, the Mexican Air Force recorded a UFO sighting over southern Campeche . In 2007, after more than 45 years in service, the last operational T-33s were retired. In 2012, the supersonic F-5 fighter jets had their 30th anniversary in Mexican Air Force service. Due to high operating costs, lack of parts, and
1496-595: A twin MAG gun-pod and cabin mounted MAG GPMGs. Pumas , Bell 205s , 206s and 212s from the 209th were also deployed, however, FAM's helicopter assets were scarce and the Mexican Army had to rely on almost every other government agency's helicopters for general support tasks. Almost any flyable aircraft from the National Attorney's Office ( PGR ) was also deployed, including Bell 206s and 212s, as well as
1584-459: Is 3,900 metres (12,800 ft) long, and runway 05R/23L is 3,950 metres (12,960 ft) long. North of the airfield houses Terminal 1, cargo facilities, maintenance hangars , and administration buildings. On its northern edge, Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares (ASA), a government-owned corporation, has its headquarters. South of the airfield, there is Terminal 2, maintenance hangars, police and Mexican Airspace Navigation Services facilities, and
1672-528: Is commanded by a general. The regional headquarters are in charge of 18 air bases across the country: Air Force Bases, also called Military Air Bases ( Spanish : Base Aérea Militar ) (BAM), are operational and administrative entities subordinate to the Air Regions, responsible for the technical and administrative aspects, as well as the coordination of aerial operations within the Air Regions. They comprise flight units and service organizations, overseeing
1760-597: Is owned by the Mexican Navy and operated by Grupo Aeroportuario de la Ciudad de Mexico . It was named after the 19th-century president Benito Juárez . Part of Mexico City's airport system, which also includes Toluca International Airport and Felipe Ángeles International Airport , the Mexico City International Airport was operating at full capacity, as of mid-2020. With an average of 1,056 daily aircraft movements, it ranks as one of
1848-638: Is the busiest airport in Mexico and Latin America , ranking as the 17th-busiest in the world and eighth in North America as of 2022, based on passenger traffic and aircraft movements. The airport is served by more than 25 airlines, handling flights to over 100 destinations across Mexico , the Americas , Europe , and Asia . With an average of 132,000 daily passengers, the airport handled 46,200,529 passengers in 2022 and 48,415,693 in 2023. As
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#17327870311761936-647: Is the air service branch of the Mexican Armed Forces . It is a component of the Mexican Army and as such overseen by the National Defense Secretariat ( SEDENA ). The objective of the FAM is to defend the integrity, independence, and sovereignty of Mexico. Its auxiliary tasks include internal security, assisting with public works, and natural disaster management. As of 2023, its commander is Bertín Hernández Mercado. The foundation of
2024-459: Is utilized by several other carriers for chartered flights, such as Sunwing Airlines . As of January 2022, Mexico City airport was served by 20 cargo airlines flying directly to Europe, Central, North and South America, the Middle East, Africa and East Asia. By July 2023, cargo operations at Mexico City International Airport were shifted to Felipe Ángeles International Airport , following
2112-651: The Empire of Japan during World War II. It consisted of 25 aircraft and had 300 airmen and supporting staff. The 201st Squadron , completed 96 combat missions over the Philippines ( Battle of Luzon ) and Formosa ( Taiwan ). It is the only unit of the Mexican armed forces ever to see overseas combat. The first jet aircraft operated by the Mexican Air Force was the subsonic de Havilland Vampire Mk.I. Mexico received 17 Vampires during late 1960 and early 1961. This jet
2200-723: The Mexican Revolution in April 1913 by the Secretary of War and Navy General Manuel Mondragón, who authorized pilots Miguel Lebrija and Juan Guillermo Villasana [ es ] to test out bomb targets on Campo de Balbuena, the first airport in Mexico, now located in Jardín Balbuena in Mexico City . The air force exclusively performed reconnaissance missions until 10 May 1913, when Didier Masson and
2288-461: The TNCA were obsolete or wrecked beyond repair. The branch initially consisted of 27 pilots, 17 of which were cadets. In anticipation of the new "Chief", a purchase was made of 13 French Farman F.50 night bombers. Commander O'Neill soon acquired 35 British made Avro 504K and Avro 504 J airplanes, which later would be made in Mexico under the name Avro Anáhuac . O'Neill was the first to introduce
2376-431: The state of Mexico is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Mexico City International Airport Mexico City International Airport ( Spanish : Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de México, AICM ); officially Aeropuerto Internacional Benito Juárez ( Benito Juárez International Airport ) ( IATA : MEX , ICAO : MMMX ) is the primary international airport serving Greater Mexico City . It
2464-434: The "Gosport System", invented by Robert Smith-Barry , in order to give in-air commands. O'Neill not only implemented new combat strategy, but also flew many decisive missions. From 1923 to 1929, Mexico was immersed in a wave of violent territorial, religious and military armed rebellions, which required the new Air Force to quickly deploy support wherever the federal army requested them. These conflicts were resolved mostly by
2552-652: The 'Military Troops' Air Force Specialist School'. Admission to the Air Force is through the mechanism of military recruitment that takes place every year at The Ministry of Defense. The FAM currently offers tertiary level studies – highlighting that of Military Pilot, which spans 4 years at the facilities of the Air Force Academy located on the Military Air Base No. 5 in Zapopan, Jalisco. The subjects taught in pilot training include: tactics of
2640-583: The Admirals Club by American Airlines , Elite Lounge by MasterCard , Salón Centurión by American Express , Salón Beyond by Citibanamex , Televisa Vip Lounge, Terraza Elite, The Grand Lounge Elite, The Grand Lounge Elite 19, The Lounge by Global Network, United Club by United Airlines , and VIPort Lounge. In the vicinity of the terminal, a variety of hotels are available. Hilton Aeropuerto México, Camino Real Aeropuerto México, Courtyard Mexico City Airport, and izZzleep Hotel have direct access from
2728-728: The FAM received 18 surplus Bell 206s from the Attorney General's office (PGR) in the mid-1990s, the main need identified by the FAM High Command was for a new fleet of transport helicopters that would allow it to support the Army with an adequate airlift capability. After more than 30 yearly military parade flights without incidents, an F-5E collided in mid-air with three Lockheed T-33s on the Air-military parade accident on September 16, 1995 . All aircraft were lost and
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2816-674: The General Coordination of the Presidential Air Transport Unit. B.A.M. 19 features an apron and several hangars, one of which is called the Presidential Hangar, used for receiving state visits and presidential travels. In addition to these, it includes administrative buildings and various other facilities for accommodating Air Force personnel. Mexico City Area Control Center (ACC) is one of four Area Control Centres in Mexico, with
2904-476: The Governor of San Luis Potosí , General Saturnino Cedillo, declared himself in rebellion and President Lázaro Cárdenas travelled there to personally mount the campaign against the revolt. The Air Force organized a mixed fleet of 17 aircraft that included some new V-99M Corsair , engaging the enemy assertively when spotted. Cedillo quickly realized he had no chance in open fields against the air force and ran to
2992-740: The Huasteca Hills, where his men dispersed, abandoning him. With the imminent collapse of the Spanish Republic in 1939, the Mexican government took delivery of military aircraft destined for the Republic, strengthening its arsenal. The Escuadrón 201 , a P-47D fighter squadron of the Fuerza Aérea Expedicionaria Mexicana (Mexican Expeditionary Air Force), served in the Pacific War against
3080-494: The Mexican airforce was led by five Mexican flight pioneers who were sent to New York by President Francisco Madero to master flying: Juan Pablo and Eduardo Aldasoro, Alberto and Gustavo Salinas and Horacio Ruiz . They returned to Mexico in 1913 not only as pioneers, but also teachers for the next generation of pilots. The official predecessor of the Air Force was the Army's Auxiliary Aerial Militia Squadron ( Escuadrilla Aérea de la Milicia Auxiliar del Ejército ), created during
3168-755: The Mexico City Area were introduced. This initiative, known as the Metropolitan Airport System, was promoted by the Federal Administration. On November 15, 2007, Terminal 2 was inaugurated, significantly increasing the airport's capacity. All SkyTeam members, except Air France and KLM , relocated their operations to the new terminal. Officially opened in March 2008, Terminal 2 expanded the gates number by 40% and operational capacity by 15%. The inauguration ceremony
3256-459: The Navy's recently acquired Mi-8MTV-1s . Eventually the Army deployed some 70,000 ground troops and air support proved to be insufficient; hence the decision was taken to considerably expand the FAM's helicopter fleet. By December 1994, FAM had bought additional 12 armed MD.530MG 'Defender' and four UH-60L Blackhawk helicopters, which it grouped into the 216th Special Operations Squadron. This unit
3344-576: The Secretary of National Defense is in charge of the Mexican Air Force. The second-in-command is the Air Force Chief of Staff, who supervises a Deputy Chief of Operations and a Deputy Chief of Management. The FAM offers higher education, middle education, technical training, tactical training and specialized technical training in its various campuses: Since the National School of Aviation was opened in 1915, it took different names over
3432-568: The T-33 was well liked by most FAM pilots and became a huge success as a patrol and interceptor aircraft. During the seventies and early eighties an additional 20 or more T-33s were procured by the FAM to replace aircraft lost in accidents and to increase the size of the fleet after the retirement of the Vampires. In 1982, the FAM received 12 Northrop F-5E/F Tiger II jets (10 F-5Es and 2 F-5Fs). The F-5 gave Mexico its first supersonic platform and saw
3520-504: The air force's remaining airplanes consisted of worn and shot Bristol F.2 Fighter , Bristol Boarhound , de Havilland DH-4B and Douglas O-2 C, a force that was not suitable to defeat Escobar's power. In this context, the Mexican government convinced the U.S. government to promote the peace south of its border and quickly make available twelve new OU-2M Corsair with the 400 hp Wasp engine, nine Douglas O-2 M, four Stearman C3 B and six Waco Taper Wings . Only two weeks after making
3608-557: The airport held its position as the busiest in Mexico and the second busiest in Latin America, following El Dorado International Airport in Bogotá, and the 54th globally, having moved 548,743.1 tons. On a typical day, over 130,000 passengers travel through the airport, connecting to more than 100 destinations across three continents. Additionally, the airport significantly contributes to the economy of Mexico City , directly supporting 35,000 jobs and indirectly influencing another 15,000 in
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3696-496: The airport underwent an expansion that involved the construction of a new runway, designated as 05R-23L, an apron , a control tower , and administration offices. President Miguel Alemán inaugurated a renovated passenger terminal on November 19, 1952. By 1956, the airport operated with four runways: 05L-23R (2,720 metres (8,920 ft)), 05R-23L (3,000 metres (9,800 ft)), featuring electric lights for night-time service; 13-31 (2,300 metres (7,500 ft)), constructed to relieve
3784-500: The airport. In 2001, the passenger terminal expanded with the construction of a satellite building east of the terminal featuring eight gates. The congestion challenges at Mexico City Airport became a prominent issue in Mexican politics in the early 2000s. Large infrastructure projects, particularly in transportation, have historically played a crucial role in presidential legacies due to centralized decision-making, their symbolic significance for progress, and leaders' aspirations to leave
3872-527: The airspace assigned by the Air Force Command. The primary purpose of Air Bases is to conduct and support military aerial operations, ensuring the security and defense of the designated airspace, and contributing to internal security in accordance with directives from the Zone, Air Region, Air Force Command, and Ministry of Defense. The Mexican Air Force comprises 18 Air Force Bases, each associated with
3960-584: The airspaces over one or more contiguous Zones or federal entities. In each Air Region, the Air Force provides security and defense, and address internal security matters in coordination with other Armed Forces or any federal institution. Each Air Region is composed of Headquarters, Air Force Bases, Air Force Stations, and other organizations. The Air Force divides the country's territory into four regions: Northwestern ( Mexicali , Baja California ), Northeastern ( Chihuahua , Chihuahua ), Central ( Mexico City ) and Southeastern ( Tuxtla Gutiérrez , Chiapas ); each region
4048-409: The assertive use of air superiority alone. On December 7, 1923, former President Adolfo de la Huerta launched a military coup ( delahuertista rebellion ) against the government of President Álvaro Obregón . The situation was extremely critical, because along with de la Huerta, about 60% of the army revolted, including various high-ranking generals across the country. The power tilted back in favor of
4136-517: The branches of aviation, general aviation tactics, meteorology , air navigation , air traffic control , radio communications and culture in general, along with approximately 250 hours of flight. During the first year, the training is theoretical. During the second year, Beechcraft Bonanza aircraft are used for flight instruction. During the third the cadets are trained Aermacchi SF260EU for aerobatics, and later on Pilatus PC-7 for advanced flight tactics, including combat. Within each of these stages,
4224-436: The busiest two-runway airports in the world. The original site, known as Llanos de Balbuena, had been utilized for aeronautical activities since 1910, marking a significant milestone when Alberto Braniff became the first person to fly an airplane in Mexico and Latin America. This historic flight took place on board a Voisin biplane . On November 30, 1911, President Francisco I. Madero achieved another aviation first by being
4312-588: The cadets are trained in aerial acrobatics , stage tactical instrument flight, visual flying rules (VFR), radio operations, among others, which increase in complexity as the cadets' training progresses. The first female aviator to graduate as a pilot in the history of FAM, Andrea Cruz, became a cadet at the Military Aviation School in 2007. Military School of Air Force Specialist offers a comprehensive scholarship lasting three years for officer training meteorologists and flight control, obtaining at
4400-487: The cancellation of the new airport. In response, the federal government in 2003 announced an extension to the existing terminal, expanding its service capacity from 20 million to 32 million passengers annually. The expansion covered 90,000 square metres (970,000 sq ft), with 48,000 square metres (520,000 sq ft) as new construction and 42,000 square metres (450,000 sq ft) as renovated areas. Renovations included new check-in areas, commercial spaces,
4488-620: The construction of a social housing complex in that area, named Unidad Fiviport. This initiative resulted in the airport's current configuration with two parallel runways. On November 24, 1978, the Mexico City Area Control Center (ACC) commenced its operations and has been in continuous service since then. The airport, constrained by its location in a densely populated area, faced limitations in infrastructure expansion due to urban constraints, limited runway space, and congestion during peak hours. The proximity of
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#17327870311764576-516: The current air force. Its first commander was Lt. Alberto Salinas Carranza. When WWI Ace U.S. Colonel Ralph O'Neill was hired to head the restructuring of the Mexican Air Force in 1920, he reported to General Plutarco Elías Calles that most of the aircraft available had to be replaced. Until August 1920, the entire fleet consisted of 13 national made prototypes of mixed engine design. These were functional yet ill-equipped for battle, 4 being scout monoplanes. 5 others were in repair and over 20 more at
4664-412: The extreme age of the aircraft, the Mexican Air Force retired all but three F-5s in late 2017. In early 2019, the Mexican Air Force received repaired engines for their F-5 fighters, as part of an effort to return a handful of the aircraft to operational status. In early 2023, restoration work on F-5 airframes has begun with the intention to have a total of at least nine F-5s in active service. Because of
4752-683: The federal forces when the United States agreed to furnish the Mexican government with a fleet of new de Havilland DH-4B aircraft equipped with the Liberty motor, armed with Lewis and Vickers machine guns and able to carry bombs. The military coup was suffocated by February 1924. In 1925, due to the shortage of airplanes caused by World War I, Mexico set up the National Aviation Workshops ( TNCA ) to design and build its own airplanes and aeroengines. A territorial war
4840-574: The formation of Air Squadron 401. Since the 1980s the F-5 became the main Mexican fighter jet while the remaining operational T-33s were used for subsonic support and light attack roles. In 1983 one F-5E was lost in an accident that occurred during a target practice exercise in the state of Chihuahua . On January 1, 1994, the day the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into effect, hundreds of guerrillas from
4928-676: The graduate level of lieutenant. His duties are to provide meteorological information and control of military or civil aircraft. Military School of the Air Forces specialists is an establishment of military education that has as its mission to train sergeants in seconds aviation maintenance, supply lines, electronic aviation and military aviation. The school is located in the St. Lucía military base. In this school, officers are trained as aviation maintenance specialists, aviation electronics specialists, weapons and air supply lines. To enter any of
5016-435: The highest number for any two-runway airport globally. Terminal 1, operational since 1958, has undergone several expansions, with significant upgrades in 1970, 1989, 1998, 2000, and 2004, resulting in a total surface area of 542,000 square metres (5,830,000 sq ft). The structure is an 800 metres (2,600 ft) long, two-story building, with international services located in the eastern section and domestic services in
5104-677: The immediate area. Metrobus Line 4 provides an express service from Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 at the airport. This service links the airport directly to San Lázaro Metro Station . San Lázaro Metro Station is served by Metro lines 1, 9, and B, and it is adjacent to the TAPO ( Terminal de Autobuses de Pasajeros de Oriente ) , the largest long-distance bus terminal in Mexico City. TAPO offers bus services to central, eastern, and southern Mexico. Mexican Air Force The Mexican Air Force ( FAM ; Spanish : Fuerza Aérea Mexicana )
5192-449: The initial plan for all SkyTeam member airlines to use the terminal, Air France and KLM opted to remain at Terminal 1. Currently, Terminal 2 serves as the main hub for Aeromexico. Due to capacity constraints at Terminal 2, some of Aeromexico's domestic services temporarily operated from Terminal 1 between 2021 and 2023. The terminal spans a total surface area of 288,000 square metres (3,100,000 sq ft). Arrivals are handled on
5280-490: The lower level, featuring 15 baggage claim carousels, customs and immigration facilities, and an arrivals hall with a long-distance bus terminal. The upper level includes three check-in areas (L1-L3), two security checkpoints, and a main concourse connected to three piers. A mezzanine houses VIP lounges and administrative offices. Three piers contain food courts, duty-free shops, and 30 gates (numbered 52 to 81), all equipped with jetbridges. The northern Pier hosts gates 52-62, and
5368-468: The most departures and most destinations from the airport followed by Volaris . The most prominent foreign airlines are United Airlines , American Airlines , Delta Air Lines and Avianca Holdings . Notes : : China Southern’s flights to Shenzhen make a refueling stop in Tijuana. However, the airline does not have traffic rights to transport passengers solely between Mexico City and Tijuana. : Hainan Airlines’ flights to Beijing–Capital make
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#17327870311765456-722: The north, it is adjacent to the Monterrey ACC , while to the east, it borders the Merida ACC. To the west, it borders the Mazatlán ACC, and to the south, it borders the Mazatlán Oceanic (MMFO). The airport features 95 hardstands for aircraft , with 63 connected via Jet bridges to the terminals (33 in Terminal 1 and 30 in Terminal 2) and 32 remote stands. With an average of 1,056 daily operations, it holds
5544-468: The ongoing Mexican Drug War , increasing importance has been placed on acquiring airborne surveillance platforms, UAVs, light attack aircraft, helicopters and rapid troop transports. On 21 February 2021, a Learjet 45XR operated by the Mexican Air Force crashed while taking off from El Lencero Airport in Veracruz , killing all six people on board. Air Force Regions ( Spanish : Región Aérea ) are
5632-592: The opening of the Felipe Ángeles Airport in Mexico State in 2022 may pose challenges for the Mexico City Airport in achieving pre-pandemic levels. The airport connects 50 domestic and 64 international destinations in Latin America, North America, Europe and Asia. Aeromexico serves the largest number of cities from any Latin American hub (80), 46 domestic and 34 international. It also operates
5720-543: The other hand, it holds rooms and facilities to accommodate students in campus. The Autonomous university was a locus of work of the Rockefeller Foundation's initial support for beginnings of the Green Revolution with Norman Borlaug , who did a series of research projects on wheat varieties in the mid-1940s. UAC remains an important center for research. This article about a location in
5808-659: The others being the Mazatlán ACC , Monterrey ACC , and Mérida ACC . It operates under the Mexican Airspace Navigation Services, ( Spanish : Servicios a la Navegación en el Espacio Aéreo Mexicano ). Mexico ACC provides air traffic control services to aircraft within the Mexico Flight Data Region (FDRG). This region includes the central portion of Mexico. It shares its boundaries with six other Area Control Centers. To
5896-463: The presidency to General Calles, General Arnulfo R. Gómez launched a military coup against both Obregón and Calles. His command posts were located in the cities of Puebla and Veracruz , where he led approximately 200 federal deserters, ammunition and weapons. The air force played a key role in their defeat. Then, on March 3, 1929, a serious military coup took place, led by General José Gonzalo Escobar and heeded by various other generals. In these days,
5984-695: The previously unknown Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) occupied several towns and cities in the southern state of Chiapas . The FAM was mobilized to support Army units, sending almost every available helicopter to the territory of operations. Units involved included the recently formed 214th and 215th Special Operations Squadrons, equipped with a mix of Bell 212 assault- and MD.530F scout helicopters. Up to 40 helicopters were deployed to support an initial deployment of 10,000 ground troops. Bell 212s were armed in two configurations: for fire support with twin MAG 7.62-mm gun pods and cabin-mounted GPMGs; or as gunship, with LAU-32 70-mm rocket launchers,
6072-544: The primary hub for Mexico's flag carrier , Aeroméxico , Mexico City Airport functions as a SkyTeam hub. Additionally, it serves as a hub for Volaris and Viva , and a focus city for Magnicharters . The facility comprises two passenger terminals and two runways . It supports cargo activities and accommodates entities such as Mexican Airspace Navigation Services, the Mexican Federal Civil Aviation Agency , and an Air Force Base . It
6160-562: The request, the U.S. government agreed, and several Mexican pilots travelled to Brownsville, Texas , and New York to pick up the new aircraft. The key victory was decided in late March 1929 at the Battle of Jiménez , Chihuahua , where after several days of air raids, Escobar was defeated by General Calles, taking about 6000 prisoners. This rebellion was quite serious, since a third of the officials and nearly 30,000 soldiers rebelled; in two months, more than 2000 men had been killed. In May 1938,
6248-401: The requirements of military air operations and addressing their own living and operational necessities. They may have assigned crews and aircraft in support or transit, over which they exert technical, administrative, and disciplinary control for the duration of their stay. Air Force ranks are the same as in Mexico's Army, with the exception of generals. A national commander under the orders of
6336-400: The runway 14-32, which was too close to adjacent residential areas; and Runway 5 Auxiliary (759 metres (2,490 ft)). On December 2, 1963, the airport's name changed from " Aeropuerto Central " (Central Airport) to " Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de México " (Mexico City International Airport). In the 1970s, the two shortest runways (13/31 and 5 Auxiliary) were closed to facilitate
6424-599: The safety of the operations." The airport is located in the neighborhood of Peñón de los Baños within Venustiano Carranza , one of the sixteen boroughs of Mexico City, situated 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) east of Downtown Mexico City . Surrounded by the built-up areas of Gustavo A. Madero borough to the north and Venustiano Carranza borough to the west, south, and east, the airport's runways , running southwest–northeast, contribute to overflying problems and noise pollution over Mexico City during landings with
6512-855: The southern pier has gates 63-75. In 2020, the terminal underwent its only expansion with the inauguration of Pier L, a new infrastructure located at the southern end, adjacent to the airport's boundary with Boulevard Fuerza Aérea Mexicana. Gates 75 to 81, dedicated to serving Aeromexico Connect services with narrow-body aircraft, are situated here. Due to the building's narrowness, it lacks commercial amenities. Additionally, there are 10 remote positions accessible via bus. Terminal 2 provides passengers access to various VIP lounges, including HSBC Premier Lounge, by HSBC, Salón Beyond by Citibanamex, Salón Centurión by American Express, Salón Premier Nacional by Aeroméxico, Salón Premier Internacional by Aeroméxico, Terraza Premier by Heineken and Aeroméxico, and VIPort Lounge. Furthermore, hotel services are available, including
6600-708: The surrounding area is located also a new urban development now close to the municipal seat, Texcoco, cradle of the prehispanic Acolhuan culture, whose greatest figure was King Nezahualcoyotl . This urban settlement comprises Chapingo, Huexotla, Unidad ISSSTE (residential area for staff of UACH) as well as Salitreria and Texcoco (pop. 150,000). University of Chapingo holds students from all states of Mexico, through an admission process carried out every year. This process not only gives admission but awards full scholarships to all students selected. Students are divided into three categories, depending on their socioeconomical status, however, no fees are charged to any national student. On
6688-406: The term "Fuerza Aérea Mexicana" (FAM) naming the organization as such. The next step was the formation of classified fighter, bombing, observation and reconnaissance squadrons, as well as the decentralization of Air Force units throughout the country at strategic bases. O'Neill then set to work with his co-instructors German Fritz Bieler and Frenchman Joe Ben Lievre, using the first intercom known as
6776-496: The terminal. Nearby airports include Fiesta Inn Aeropuerto México, Holiday Inn México Dalí Aeropuerto, City Express Aeropuerto Ciudad de México, Hotel Grand Prix, Hotel Riazor, NH Aeropuerto T2 México, and We Hotel Aeropuerto. Operations at Terminal 2 commenced on November 15, 2007, with inaugural flights by Delta Air Lines , followed by Aeroméxico , Copa , LAN , and Continental Airlines . Former President Felipe Calderón formally inaugurated Terminal 2 on March 26, 2008. Despite
6864-427: The two parallel runways restricts fully simultaneous operations, contributing significantly to the constraint. The terminal underwent expansion on multiple occasions: in 1980, doubling its capacity with a single large terminal layout, and in 1990, separating domestic and international facilities for increased functionality. Renovations continued, and on April 11, 1994, a new International section became operational through
6952-448: The west. The ground floor accommodates all arrival facilities, featuring 22 baggage claim carousels, domestic check-in areas for Volaris , Viva Aerobus , and Magnicharters (A1, A2, B, C, D, D1), as well as a commercial corridor along the street hosting snack kiosks, banks, souvenir shops and car rental services. The top floor comprises international check-in areas (F1, F2, F3), food courts, restaurants, multiple security checkpoints, and
7040-584: The world's inaugural head of state to fly on an airplane, piloted by Geo M. Dyott of Moisant International. In 1915, the site opened as Balbuena Military Airport, equipped with five runways. The construction of a small civilian airport commenced in 1928. The first landing occurred on November 5, 1928, regular services began in 1929, and the official inauguration took place on May 15, 1931. On July 8, 1943, it gained international status, launching its initial international route to Los Angeles International Airport operated by Mexicana de Aviación . From 1949 to 1951,
7128-516: The years until finally, in 1959 it joined the military school of meteorology, mechanics and aviation specialists, forming the leading campus in military aviation education: 'El Colegio del Aire' (Air Force Academy), which since September 9, 1959, has guided the formation of Air Force officers. The Air Force Academy is an all academic institution of the Mexican Air Force and comprises four schools: 'Military Aviation School', 'Maintenance and Supply Military School', 'Air Force Military Specialist School', and
7216-582: Was founded as the National School of Agriculture in Mexico City in 1854 and has been located on its current Chapingo campus since 1923. It is very close, about 3 km (1.9 mi) from both the Colegio de Posgraduados (CP) postgraduate study centre and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). Chapingo combines with these other leading centers to form an unofficial "national consortium for agricultural development". In
7304-419: Was inaugurated, adding 7 gates to reduce the use of buses. However, in 2022, a declaration of airport saturation was issued from 5:00 to 23:59 for Terminal 1 and from 6:00 to 23:00 for Terminal 2, maintaining the 61 operations/hour limit. In 2023, the Mexican government attempted to decongest the airport by announcing the relocation of all cargo aircraft landing at Mexico City to Felipe Ángeles Airport to "protect
7392-490: Was led by President Felipe Calderón . In 2014, Mexican authorities declared the airspace around Mexico City Airport saturated, setting a maximum capacity of 61 operations per hour from 7:00 to 23:59. President Peña Nieto 's administration reignited major airport infrastructure plans in the same year, introducing the Texcoco Airport project. Positioned as Mexico's most significant public infrastructure project in
7480-528: Was nicknamed "The Flying Avocado " by Mexican flight crews due to the ovoid shape of its fuselage and the dark green night camouflage adopted by its first units. The Vampires were not popular with Mexican fighter pilots because of its lack of ejection seats. The FAM finally retired them in 1970. The Mexican Vampires were initially complemented by 15 Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star subsonic fighter aircraft received also in late 1961. Because of its more modern design, an ejection seat system and several other attributes,
7568-646: Was that of the Sonora Yaqui Indians who demanded by force that previous territorial treaties were implemented. The conflict lasted from 1926 to 1927, and it came to an end when a new treaty was implemented. When President Plutarco Elías Calles pushed for the creation of the 'Mexican Apostolic Catholic Church', independent of Rome, it unleashed a widespread religious war known as the Cristero War . This long civil war lasted from 1926 to 1929. In May 1927, while General Obregón seemed keen to impose
7656-426: Was the eighth in North America , and the 20th globally in terms of total passengers. With 387,450 aircraft movements in 2022, the airport ranked as the busiest in Latin America, 14th in North America, and 19th in the world, experiencing an 18.2% increase from the previous year. Averaging 1,061 daily aircraft movements, it stands out as the busiest two-runway airport globally. Regarding cargo operations, in 2022
7744-478: Was the spearhead of operation "Arco Iris" (Rainbow) to re-take several towns that had fallen under rebel control in January 1994. The new militarized Defenders came armed with M2AC machine-guns and LAU-68A 70-mm rocket launchers. Three additional units were ordered in 1996 and delivered as attrition replacements in March 1998. Black Hawks wore 1191 to 1194 serials and are being used for special operations. Although
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