60-636: HMS Meleager HMS Diadem HMS Aigle HMS Warrior commander of a unit of Sea Fencibles HMS Tonnant Admiral Sir Charles Tyler , GCB (1760 – 28 September 1835) was a naval officer in the British Royal Navy who gained fame during the Napoleonic Wars as a naval captain that fought at the Battle of Copenhagen (1801) and Battle of Trafalgar , becoming one of Nelson's Band of Brothers . Tyler
120-526: A 38-gun frigate under the name St Fiorenzo . Meleager shared in the prize money for both St Fiorenzo and for the naval stores captured in the town. In April Juno captured the Mars (3 April) and Aurora (15 April) in the presence of Courageux , Berwick , St George , and Meleager . Next, she took part in the Battle of Genoa (14 March 1795), and the fight at Hyeres (12 May 1795). Meleager
180-496: A Dutch schooner sailing from Jaquemel to Curacoa with a cargo of coffee. Between end-October 1799 and 20 February 1800, Meleager took a number of prizes: Meleager destroyed a number of the quite small vessels sailing from Aux Cayes to St Thomas: Then she took as prizes: Together with Crescent she captured: Between 28 February and 20 May, Meleager captured two small vessels: Between 20 May and 3 August 1800, Meleager captured further vessels. First, she detained
240-467: A marble monument still can be seen to their memory. He married two times. His first wife was Anne Rice with whom he had three children. She died early into the marriage leaving him as a young widower. He remarried and his second wife was Margaret Leach with whom he had three children. From this marriage one of his sons called George Tyler followed him into the navy and rose to the rank of Vice-Admiral. It later emerged that Admiral Nelson had cleared debt for
300-599: A short period attached to HMS Lenox , a guardship at Portsmouth commanded by Captain Robert Roddam , Collingwood sailed to Boston in 1774 with Admiral Samuel Graves on board HMS Preston , where he fought in the British naval brigade at the Battle of Bunker Hill in June 1775, and was afterwards commissioned as a lieutenant on 17 June. In 1777, Collingwood met Horatio Nelson when both served on
360-679: Is named after him, as is one of the eleven houses at The Royal Hospital School . One of the three secondary Schools within Excelsior Academy in Newcastle was named after Collingwood in 2013. March 2010 saw the 200th anniversary of Collingwood's death and a number of major events were organised by 'Collingwood 2010' on Tyneside , in Morpeth and the island of Menorca . Collingwood's residence in Es Castell close to Mahon, Menorca
420-549: The Battle of Copenhagen where he was commended for his actions. During the Peace of Amiens Tyler was returned to shore as commander of a unit of Sea Fencibles , but in 1803 was back at sea, commanding the 80-gun HMS Tonnant , which Nelson had captured at the battle of the Nile . Tonnant was a large, modern ship with a heavy payload, capable of taking on the largest enemy ships. Tyler carefully drilled his crew until Tonnant
480-664: The Royal Naval Division (1914 to 1919) was named after Collingwood. It took part in the Antwerp Campaign (October 1914) and at Gallipoli. The Collingwood Battalion received so many casualties at the 3rd battle of Krithia, Gallipoli, on 4 June 1915 that it never reformed. One of the four houses at Collingwood's old school the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle, is named after him. One of the five houses of British public school Churcher's College
540-875: The Royal Navy , notable as a partner with Lord Nelson in several of the British victories of the Napoleonic Wars , and frequently as Nelson's successor in commands. Collingwood was born in Newcastle upon Tyne . His early education was at the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle . At the age of 12, he went to sea as a volunteer on board the sixth-rate HMS Shannon under the command of his cousin Captain Richard Brathwaite (or Braithwaite), who took charge of his nautical education. After several years of service under Brathwaite and
600-467: The San Juan River , Lake Nicaragua and Lake Leon . Nelson was debilitated by disease and had to recover before being promoted to a larger vessel, and Collingwood succeeded him in command of Hinchinbrook and brought the remainder of the expedition back to Jamaica . After commanding another small frigate , HMS Pelican , in which he was shipwrecked by a hurricane in 1781, Collingwood
660-699: The Admiral in her poetical illustration Admiral Lord Collingwood in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1833. This is to an engraving of a variation on the painting by Henry Howard , apparently by his son Frank Howard . Collingwood is fictionalized as "Admiral Sir John Thornton" in Patrick O'Brian's " The Ionian Mission ." He appears under his own name in Hornblower and the Atropos , when Hornblower's ship joins
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#1732780093638720-636: The American ship Gadson , which was sailing from Porto Cavello to Charleston with indigo, coffee, and tobacco. Then with Crescent and Nimrod she took a Spanish felucca sailing from Havana to Vera Cruz and a Spanish xebec sailing from Campeachy to Havana. Next, Meleager took four more vessels: Captain John Perkins was made post-captain in Meleager in 1800 (Ogle was still Captain when she contacted USS Ganges on 24 January, and Perkins
780-602: The Collingwood Channel (an entrance of Howe Sound near Vancouver , British Columbia ), are named in his honour. A large monument, The Collingwood Monument , stands in his honour and overlooks the River Tyne at Tynemouth . His Grade II listed statue was sculpted by John Graham Lough and stands atop a pedestal designed by John Dobson . The four cannon on the walls flanking the steps at its base came from his flagship, Royal Sovereign . A battalion of
840-647: The French fleet off Brest . In 1804 he was promoted to vice-admiral (of the Blue 23 April 1804; of the Red 9 November 1805). Nearly two years were spent off Brest in anticipation for Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom . When the French fleet sailed from Toulon , Admiral Collingwood was appointed to command a squadron, with orders to pursue them. The combined fleets of France and Spain , after sailing to
900-604: The George Tyler while he was a junior officer with a strong reprimand shortly before the Battle of Trafalgar. George settled down and got married and through this marriage his daughter Caroline Tyler was born. She married the Earl of Dunraven and Mount Earl and the couple inherited Adare Manor in Ireland. Her son Colonel Windham Wyndham-Quin wrote the biography on his famous great-grandfather titled 'Sir Charles Tyler – Admiral of
960-637: The Mediterranean fleet a few months after Trafalgar. The Maritime Warfare School of the Royal Navy is commissioned as HMS Collingwood , home to training for warfare, weapon engineering and communications disciplines. The town of Collingwood, Ontario , on Georgian Bay in Canada, the suburb of Collingwood in the Australian city of Melbourne, the town of Collingwood, New Zealand and
1020-633: The Red 1 January 1801) and, hoisting his flag in HMS ; Triumph , joined the Channel Fleet and sailed to the Mediterranean where the principal naval forces of France and Spain were assembled. Collingwood continued to be actively employed in blockading the enemy until the Peace of Amiens allowed him to return to England. With the resumption of hostilities with France in the spring of 1803 he left home, never to return. First he blockaded
1080-660: The Spanish Monarca to surrender (although she later attempted to escape) before colliding with the Algésiras which soon became hopelessly entangled in the British ship's rigging. This resulted in a savage series of close-range bombardments and boarding actions during which Tyler was shot in the thigh and French Admiral Magon was killed. Once the Algésiras finally surrendered, the Tonnant although badly battered,
1140-671: The Spanish ship Teresa , which she had captured on 21 February 1797. Meleager transferred to the Jamaica station , where she served in the squadron under Admiral Sir Hyde Parker . In June 1799 she captured a Spanish settee carrying sugar from Vera Cruz to Cadiz. On 23 and 24 July Meleager was in company with Greyhound when they captured the Spanish vessels Virgin D'Regla , Jesus Maria , and Jose . Between end-July and end-October 1799 Meleager and Greyhound captured five more Spanish vessels: Alone, Meleager also captured
1200-456: The Spanish vessel Mejor Amigo . On 2 January 1797, the same vessels plus Raven captured Nostra Senora de la Misericordia . That same day the same vessels captured the French privateer Foudroyant , for which head money was paid in August 1801. Also in early 1797, Meleager was in company with these British vessels and some others when they captured the Spanish ship San Francisco , which
1260-619: The Triangles Shoal on which she had run aground. This article includes data released under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported UK: England & Wales Licence, by the National Maritime Museum , as part of the Warship Histories project. Cuthbert Collingwood Vice Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood (26 September 1748 – 7 March 1810) was an admiral of
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#17327800936381320-478: The West Indies, returned to Cadiz. On their way they encountered Collingwood's small squadron off Cadiz. He had only three ships with him; but he succeeded in avoiding their pursuit, although chased by 16 ships of the line. Before half of the enemy's force had entered the harbour he resumed the blockade, using false signals to disguise the small size of his squadron. He was soon joined by Nelson who hoped to lure
1380-519: The West Indies. In 1786, Collingwood returned to England, where, with the exception of a voyage to the West Indies, he remained until 1793. In that year, he was appointed captain of HMS Prince , the flagship of Rear Admiral George Bowyer in the Channel Fleet . On 16 June 1791, Collingwood married Sarah Blackett, daughter of the Newcastle merchant and politician John Erasmus Blackett . As captain of HMS Barfleur , Collingwood
1440-596: The White'. In 2005 the family sold Admiral Tyler's sword at Bonham's auction house for $ 430,000. The family tree of the Tylers shows the family was divided between living in Wales and Ireland with several rising to the highest ranks of the army and the navy with several Admirals and Generals listed through several generations including a great-grandson Admiral Godfrey Harry Brydges Mundy. HMS Meleager (1785) HMS Meleager
1500-546: The capture, on 5 August 1793, cf the Prince Royal of Sweden . Meleager was part of the fleet under Lord Hood that occupied Toulon in August 1793. With HMS Courageux , Robust , Tartar and Egmont , she covered the landing, on 27 August, of 1500 troops sent to remove the republicans occupying the forts guarding the port. Once the forts were secure, the remainder of Hood's fleet, accompanied by 17 Spanish ships-of-the-line that had just arrived, sailed into
1560-512: The combined fleet into a major engagement. The combined fleet sailed from Cadiz in October 1805. The Battle of Trafalgar immediately followed. Villeneuve , the French admiral, drew up his fleet in the form of a crescent. The British fleet bore down in two separate lines, the one led by Nelson in HMS Victory , and the other by Collingwood in HMS Royal Sovereign . Royal Sovereign
1620-408: The crew could neither pull Meleager off the reef nor could the pumps keep up with the water coming in. The crew put provisions in the boats and then abandoned ship before she sank. The boats sailed to Vera Cruz . Here, in mid-July, Apollo picked the crew up. The subsequent court martial ruled that the wreck was due to the charts on Meleager being greatly in error with respect to the location of
1680-510: The distinction of three gold medals for service during the wars against France. When not at sea he resided at Collingwood House in the town of Morpeth which lies some 15 miles north of Newcastle upon Tyne and Chirton Hall in Chirton, now a western suburb of North Shields . He is known to have remarked, "whenever I think how I am to be happy again, my thoughts carry me back to Morpeth." From Trafalgar until his death, no great naval action
1740-442: The fleet should anchor after the battle, but Collingwood chose not to issue such an order: many of the British ships and prizes were so damaged that they were unable to anchor, and Collingwood concentrated efforts on taking damaged vessels in tow. In the ensuing gale, many of the prizes were wrecked on the rocky shore and others were destroyed to prevent their recapture, though no British ship was lost. On 9 November 1805, Collingwood
1800-488: The fleet so that he might return home, however the government urgently required an admiral with the experience and skill of Collingwood to remain, on the grounds that his country could not dispense with his services in the face of the still potent threat that the French and their allies could pose. His health began to decline alarmingly in 1809 and he was forced to again request the Admiralty to allow him to return home, which
1860-549: The frigate HMS Lowestoffe . Two years later, Collingwood succeeded Nelson as commander of the brig HMS Badger on 20 June 1779, and on 22 March 1780 he again succeeded Nelson, this time as post-captain of HMS Hinchinbrook , a small frigate. Nelson had been the leader of a failed expedition to cross Central America from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean by navigating boats along
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1920-486: The guns of a battery. Meleager then led Agamemnon and the rest of the Nelson's squadron in close where the boats of the squadron could capture the French vessels, which they did. In the action, Agamemnon had one man killed and two men wounded, and Blanche had one man wounded. The French prizes consisted of two warships and five transports: On 24 December 1796, Meleager , Niger , Lively and Fortune captured
1980-551: The harbour. On 16 November she and Romulus captured the French gunboat Ca Ira . In 1794 Sir George Cockburn commanded her. In early 1794 she was among the British vessels present when Sir David Dundas captured the town of San Fiorenzo (San Fiurenzu) in the Gulf of St. Florent in Corsica. There the British found the French frigate Minerve on 19 February 1794, and were able to refloat her. They then took her into service as
2040-426: The hills with his dog Bounce. He always started off with a handful of acorns in his pockets, and as he walked he would press an acorn into the soil whenever he saw a good place for an oak tree to grow. Some of the oaks he planted are probably still growing more than a century and a half later ready to be cut to build ships of the line at a time when nuclear submarines are patrolling the seas, because Collingwood's purpose
2100-404: The latter, after being severely damaged, was relieved by the arrival of the rest of the British squadron, but was left unable to manoeuvre. Not long afterwards Santa Ana struck her colours. On the death of Nelson, Collingwood assumed his position as commander-in-chief , transferring his flag to the frigate HMS Euryalus . Knowing that a severe storm was in the offing, Nelson had intended that
2160-499: The rank of midshipsman within his second year at sea suggest the captain favored him and may have known his family. He rose steadily through the ranks during the American Revolutionary War , although during that period he had little opportunity to distinguish himself. In 1779 he was promoted to lieutenant, jumping to commander in 1782 and retaining his position throughout the peacetime Navy of 1783 to 1790, when he
2220-587: The thanks of Parliament and numerous awards from the nation before returning to his ship in the Mediterranean , where he continued to serve, overseeing the surrender of the Russian fleet at Lisbon in 1808. Tyler's continued service brought more honours, including command of the Cape of Good Hope Station based in Cape Town in 1812, a role which was followed by post-war promotion to rear admiral. In April 1816 he
2280-476: The young man's debt and used his influence to have him released and reinstated into the Navy albeit with a stern warning about responsibilities. At Trafalgar, Tyler was originally second in line from Collingwood's flagship HMS Royal Sovereign , but due to its speed was swapped to third in line. Because of this forward positioning the ship was quickly and intensely engaged in the battle. Tonnant first forced
2340-488: Was Captain when contacted by USS Augusta on 21 August) on the Jamaica station but less than a year later, in 1801, she came under the command of Thomas Bladen Capel . On 9 June 1801 Capel and Meleager were cruising Bahia del Campeche in the Gulf of Mexico when just before midnight lookouts spotted breakers ahead. Even though the helmsman tried to turn her, Meleager ran hard onto a reef. Despite their best efforts,
2400-680: Was a 32-gun Amazon -class frigate that Greaves and Nickolson built in 1785 at the Quarry House yard in Frindsbury , Kent , England . She served during the French Revolutionary Wars until 1801, when she was wrecked in the Gulf of Mexico. Captain Charles Tyler took command of Meleager in 1790. In 1793 Lieutenant Thomas Masterman Hardy served aboard her. Meleager was among the vessels that shared in
2460-624: Was among the vessels that shared in the prize money for the Ça Ira , Censeur , and Expedition (formerly Speedy ), captured during or after the raid on Genoa. The British returned Speedy to service. Around this time Meleager was among the vessels that shared in the capture of the Genoese vessel Fortuna and the tartane Concezione . They also captured the Genoese and Venetian polacres and luggers Madona del Grazzie e Consolazione , Volante de Dio , Madona del Grazzie de Padua , Buena Forte and another small vessel. In 1796, Meleager
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2520-480: Was amongst the most efficient and powerful ships in the fleet. Tyler was specially requested by Nelson for the Cadiz blockade in 1805, and thus participated in the Battle of Trafalgar , although not before he was forced to travel to Naples where his son was under arrest for desertion from the navy (out of love for a ballerina) and crippling debts. Unknown to Tyler until much later was the fact that Nelson personally paid
2580-572: Was at the same moment that Collingwood, as if in response to the observation of his great commander, remarked to his captain, "What would Nelson give to be here?" Royal Sovereign closed with the Spanish admiral's ship and fired her broadsides with such rapidity and precision at Santa Ana that the Spanish ship was on the verge of sinking almost before another British ship had fired a gun. Several other vessels came to Santa Ana ' s assistance and hemmed in Royal Sovereign on all sides;
2640-748: Was born in County Cavan , Ireland in 1760, the son of Captain Peter Tyler of the Oxfordshire Light Infantry and his wife the Hon. Anna Maria Roper, daughter of Henry Roper, 8th Baron Teynham . His father died when he was three years old. In 1771, at eleven years of age, he joined the Royal Navy aboard HMS Barfleur (1768) under Captain Andrew Snape Hamond as a Captain's servant boy. His rapid promotion to
2700-445: Was finally granted. Collingwood died as a result of cancer on board HMS Ville de Paris , off Port Mahon as he sailed for England, on 7 March 1810. He was laid to rest beside Nelson in the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral . Collingwood's merits as a naval officer were in many respects of the first order. His political judgement was remarkable and he was consulted on questions of general policy, of regulation, and even of trade. He
2760-464: Was fought. Although several small French fleets would attempt to run the blockade and one successfully landed troops in the Caribbean two months after Trafalgar, the majority were hunted down and overwhelmed in battle. Collingwood was occupied in important political and diplomatic transactions in the Mediterranean, in which he displayed tact and judgement. He requested to be relieved of his command of
2820-826: Was initiated into the Order of the Bath . He was named Vice Admiral. Following his elevation to admiral he did not hold any more sea postings, retiring and reaching full Admiral of the White and Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath by his death in September 1835 in Gloucester , just two months after the death of his wife of many years, Margaret. They were buried together in the St Nicholas Church in Glamorgan where
2880-453: Was made post-captain . Upon the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars , Tyler was in command of the frigate HMS Meleager during the siege of Toulon and the invasion of Corsica the following year. He first met Nelson in the course of these campaigns, and was present when the latter lost an eye at the Siege of Calvi . Transferring to HMS Diadem soon afterwards, he
2940-536: Was no better example of a virtuous Christian Knight than Collingwood. Dudley Pope relates an aspect of Collingwood at the beginning of chapter three of his Life in Nelson's Navy : Captain Cuthbert Collingwood, later to become an admiral and Nelson's second in command at Trafalgar, had his home at Morpeth, in Northumberland, and when he was there on half pay or on leave he loved to walk over
3000-431: Was opposed to impressment and to flogging and was considered so kind and generous that he was called "father" by the common sailors. Nelson and Collingwood enjoyed a close friendship, from their first acquaintance in early life until Nelson's death at Trafalgar; and they are both entombed in St Paul's Cathedral. As Collingwood died without male issue, his barony became extinct at his death. Thackeray held that there
3060-424: Was part of a squadron off the coast of Genoa under the command of Captain Horatio Nelson . Nelson, in Agamemnon , led Meleager , Blanche (32 guns), Diadem (64 guns) and the 16-gun brig-sloop Speedy . On 31 May 1796, the squadron chased six French vessels that Nelson believed were bringing supplies from Toulon, to be landed at St. Piere d'Acena, for the Siege of Mantua . The vessels took shelter under
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#17327800936383120-459: Was present at Lord Hotham's disappointing Battle of Genoa and then spent the next several years operating against North African pirates in the frigate Aigle before she was accidentally wrecked on Plane Island . Returning to the fleet, Tyler was acquitted of blame for the loss of his ship and was given the ship of the line HMS Warrior which he commanded off Cádiz before returning to England and participating under Admiral Nelson at
3180-419: Was present at the Glorious First of June . On board HMS Excellent he participated in the victory of the Battle of Cape St Vincent in 1797, establishing a good reputation in the fleet for his conduct during the battle. After blockading Cadiz , he returned for a few weeks to Portsmouth to repair. At the beginning of 1799 Collingwood was raised to the rank of rear-admiral (of the White 14 February 1799; of
3240-424: Was raised to the peerage as Baron Collingwood, of Caldburne and Hethpool in the County of Northumberland . He also received the thanks of both Houses of Parliament and was awarded a pension of £2,000 per annum. Together with all Trafalgar captains and admirals, he also received a Naval Gold Medal , his third, after those for the Glorious First of June and Cape St Vincent. Only Nelson and Sir Edward Berry share
3300-432: Was sold in Lisbon. On 30 January Meleager was among the eleven vessels that shared in the capture of the Purissima Conception . Then on 25 February, Meleager , under Captain Charles Ogle, and Thalia captured the Spanish ship Santa Catalina . At some point Meleager captured the Spanish ships St. Natalia and Cartada , alias Cubana . In May 1798, Meleager received the net proceeds of an insurance of £3000 on
3360-559: Was still able to attack and capture the San Juan Nepomuceno at the close of the battle. Struggling back to Gibraltar with over 70 casualties on board, including Tyler himself, the Tonnant relied heavily on other ships for aid, and thus was unable to prevent the Algésiras from escaping to Cadiz Harbour after her crew rose up against the prize crew, although the San Juan Nepomuceno did arrive at Gibraltar thanks to heroic efforts by her Spanish crew and British prize crew. Briefly returning to London to celebrate and recover, Tyler received
3420-428: Was the swifter sailer, mainly because its hull had been given a new layer of copper which lacked the friction of old, well used copper and thus was much faster. Having drawn considerably ahead of the rest of the fleet, she was the first engaged. "See", said Nelson, pointing to Royal Sovereign as she penetrated the centre of the enemy's line, "see how that noble fellow Collingwood carries his ship into action!" Probably it
3480-416: Was to make sure that the Navy would never want for oaks to build the fighting ships upon which the country's safety depended. Collingwood once wrote to his wife that he'd rather his body be added to Britain's sea defences rather than given the pomp of a ceremonial burial. Sailor Robert Hay who served with Collingwood wrote that: "He and his dog Bounce were known to every member of the crew. How attentive he
3540-402: Was to the health and comfort and happiness of his crew! A man who could not be happy under him, could have been happy nowhere; a look of displeasure from him was as bad as a dozen at the gangway from another man". and that: "a better seaman, a better friend to seamen - a more zealous defender of the country's rights and honour, never trod the quarterdeck." Letitia Elizabeth Landon celebrates
3600-532: Was transferred to the 64-gun ship of the line HMS Sampson , and in 1783 he was appointed to HMS Mediator and posted to the West Indies . In 1784 he and Nelson were in Antigua where they both fell for the unobtainable American-born Mary Moutray . He and Nelson sketched each other and Collingwood kept the sketch. Collingwood remained in the West Indies until the end of 1786, again, together with Nelson and this time his brother, Commander Wilfred Collingwood, preventing American ships from trading with
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