Charlotte Country Gaol is a prison originally established in 1786.
30-589: The first prison in Charlotte County, New Brunswick was located in St. Andrews, New Brunswick on Water Street near where the current town hall is today. Built in 1786, just three years after the town was settled, it was a wooden building that consisted of four cells on the bottom floor and a courthouse on the upper floor. Since the floors in the cells were only packed dirt, prisoners found that they could readily escape custody. Eventually so many escaped that in 1828
60-623: A crime and there were no other caretakers available. Debtors made up a large bulk of the prison population until the practice of imprisoning debtors ended in 1939. The Old Gaol was used, though only as a place of temporary custody, until 1979, despite protests of its unacceptable conditions from the public and Gaolers as early as the 1940s. Today, the Old Gaol houses the Charlotte County Archives and its extensive collections. The downstairs cells remain unchanged and are open to
90-399: A land area of 3,418.24 km (1,319.79 sq mi), it had a population density of 7.6/km (19.7/sq mi) in 2021. Hydroelectric dams operate in St. George and St. Stephen at Milltown, though the latter is currently being decommissioned. Campobello Island Campobello Island ( / ˌ k æ m p ə ˈ b ɛ l oʊ / , also US : /- p oʊ ˈ -/ ) is
120-463: A prisoner, no matter their size, would have trouble overpowering the Gaoler if they were being let out of the cell for any reason. The only source of heat was a small wood stove at the end of the corridor outside of the cells, leading a Gaoler in the 1930s to add wooden walls to the cells in an effort to keep them warmer. Unfortunately, this approach led the cells to be only colder as it kept the warmth of
150-502: Is a member of the Southwest New Brunswick Service Commission (SNBSC). Despite the name, the rural community also includes all other islands in the parish. The island is part of Charlotte County , which was formed in 1784 when New Brunswick was partitioned from Nova Scotia . In 1770, the entire island was granted to Capt. William Owen , who understated the size of the island to circumvent
180-523: Is in Utopia, and Flakeboard Co. Ltd. operates outside of St. Stephen . Ganong Bros. , Canada's oldest chocolate company, maintains its factory in St. Stephen. Governance is in the form of New Brunswick municipalities in the case of the towns of St. Andrews , St. George , and St. Stephen , the villages of Grand Manan and Blacks Harbour , and the rural community of Campobello Island . The remaining parts of
210-452: Is possible only during the summer season and requires two separate ferry trips, first to nearby Deer Island , then to L'Etete . The ferry to Deer Island was stopped in 2017 after the boat sank, leaving the island without a direct connection to the rest of Canada. Service was restored and became year-round due to the COVID pandemic. The jurisdiction of the eponymous rural community and of
240-617: The Bay of Fundy . The county includes the large, populated islands of Grand Manan , White Head , Deer Island , and Campobello . Eighteen per cent of the workforce is employed in aquaculture. Connors Bros. , the largest sardine canning facility in North America, is located in Blacks Harbour . Cooke Aquaculture is an Atlantic salmon farming company, founded and headquartered in St. George . A paper mill, operated by JD Irving ,
270-599: The House of Commons of Canada , due to privacy and sovereignty concerns. In late 2020, residents renewed their demands for the Canadian government to build a bridge to the New Brunswick mainland given the current ferry cannot operate in winter (three other New Brunswick islands do benefit from year-round ferry services). Driving to mainland Canada requires travel into Maine via the bridge, which proved difficult during
300-530: The Toronto Star said that the restrictions were also causing serious problems for services attempting to reach the island, but insisted that the need for a bridge, or year-round ferry service, was long-standing and not just relevant during the pandemic. In an interview, a Member of Parliament for the region, John Williamson , made no promises but offered a glimmer of hope: "I think we’re in a position that some infrastructure dollars could be made available once
330-647: The LSD dissolved. The geographic parish continues to exist. The island is at the entrance to Passamaquoddy Bay , adjacent to the entrance to Cobscook Bay , and within the Bay of Fundy . The island is one of the Fundy Islands . The island has no road connection to the rest of Canada; it is connected by the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Bridge to nearby Lubec, Maine . Reaching mainland Canada by car without crossing an international border
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#1732790754074360-468: The Sheriff was sued, and thus an act was passed to erect a more suitable prison elsewhere. The old building was sold to the town of St. Andrews and converted into a town hall and market house until it burned down in 1872. The next prison, now known as the "Old Gaol," was constructed in an attempt to correct all that was wrong about the previous one. It was built in 1832 on Frederick Street in St. Andrews at
390-491: The census division include Head Harbour Island. Measuring 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) long and about five kilometres (3.1 mi) wide, it has an area of 39.6 square kilometres (15.3 sq mi). On the north is a high bluff headland, East Quoddy Point. On the west are Charley Point and the Mulholland Point navigation light. The island has several good harbours, and the majority of residents are employed in
420-666: The construction of Head Harbour Lighthouse , or East Quoddy Head Light, in 1829; this light station would be a counterpart to West Quoddy Head Light which the United States built in the previous decades. In 1866, a band of more than 700 members of the Fenian Brotherhood arrived at the Maine shore opposite the island with the intention of seizing Campobello but were dispersed by British warships from Halifax. British naval officer John James Robinson became owner of
450-522: The cost of £3,393, a very large sum for the time. Massive slabs of gray granite were cut in Perry, Maine and laid as the floors, ceilings and walls of the prison. Cell doors were made of solid iron, each with a sliding bolt to keep the door closed at all times. The only source of light was the small hole in the door used for delivering food to the prisoners and a small window measuring four inches wide and twelve inches high. Doorways were made very narrow so that
480-568: The county are administered as local service districts of the Southwest New Brunswick Regional Service Commission, except Clarendon , which is part of RSC 11 in neighbouring Sunbury County . As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Charlotte County had a population of 26,015 living in 11,560 of its 13,449 total private dwellings, a change of 2.3% from its 2016 population of 25,428 . With
510-666: The county seat was abolished with the New Brunswick Equal Opportunity program in 1966. Counties continue to be used as census subdivisions by Statistics Canada . Located in the southwestern corner of the province, bordering the US state of Maine , Charlotte County is at the northern end of the Appalachian Mountains , which gives it a rugged terrain that includes Mount Pleasant . The St. Croix , Magaguadavic , and Digdegaush rivers drain into
540-420: The easternmost town in the continental United States. The only transportation link with the rest of Canada is a seasonal ferry service to Deer Island Point, New Brunswick, on Deer Island . Mail delivered to the community goes through the United States. The United States Customs and Border Protection service began searching packages to and from the island in 2019, prompting outcry from residents, and debates in
570-445: The fishing, aquaculture or tourism industries. The two major tourist attractions on the island are Herring Cove Provincial Park and Roosevelt Campobello International Park. The latter was created in 1964 and was officially opened by U.S. President Lyndon Johnson and Canadian Prime Minister Lester Pearson in 1966. The island's only highway, Route 774 , is connected by the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Bridge to Lubec, Maine –
600-475: The island in 1857. In 1881, it was sold to a group of American businessmen, including James Roosevelt . In the 1880s, the island was developed as a resort summer colony for wealthy Canadians and Americans, as was nearby St. Andrews, New Brunswick and Bar Harbor, Maine . A luxurious resort hotel and many grand estates were built. From 1883, the Roosevelt family made Campobello Island their summer home. By
630-639: The island's prosperity around this time. During the War of 1812 the Royal Navy seized coastal lands of Maine as far south as the Penobscot River but returned them following the war, except for offshore islands. In 1817, the United States relinquished its claim to Campobello, Deer , and Grand Manan islands, in exchange for islands in Cobscook Bay . The provincial government of New Brunswick funded
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#1732790754074660-564: The largest and only inhabited island in Campobello , a geographic parish in southwestern New Brunswick , Canada, near the border with Maine , United States. The island's permanent population in 2021 was 949. It is the site of the Roosevelt Campobello International Park , Head Harbour Lighthouse , and of Herring Cove Provincial Park . It has been an incorporated rural community since 2010 and
690-613: The mid-1800s, Campobello Island had a population in excess of 1,000, which grew to 1,230 by 1910. In 1803, Campobello Island "with its appurtenances" was separated from West Isles Parish to establish Campo-Bello Parish. The boundary description was clarified in 1877 as "[b]eing the Island so named, and other Islands to the south and east of Head Harbour passage, but west of Grand Manan." The name appeared in government acts as Campo Bello in 1850, 1854, 1877, and 1896, finally appearing as Campobello in 1903. The local service district of
720-660: The nearby Saint Croix Island settlement in 1604. France named the island Port aux Coquilles ("Seashell Harbour"). Following the War of the Spanish Succession , under terms of the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) , the island became part of the British colony of Nova Scotia . The population was increased by United Empire Loyalists after the American Revolutionary War . Smuggling was a major part of
750-627: The parish of Campobello was established in 1969 to assess for community services, in this case to contract with an independent agency in Lubec, Maine , to provide ambulance conveyance from Campobello to St. Stephen Hospital. Fire protection was added later in 1969 first aid & ambulance services in 1984, and recreational facilities in 1998. The entire parish was incorporated as the Rural Community of Campobello Island in November 2010 and
780-487: The province has a plan and proposal ready to submit". The island has one school, Campobello Island Consolidated School , for all school grades, in the Anglophone South School District . Communities within the rural community. Bodies of water at least partly within the rural community. Other named islands within the rural community. Conservation areas at least partly within
810-420: The public. 45°04′31″N 67°02′57″W / 45.0754°N 67.0491°W / 45.0754; -67.0491 Charlotte County, New Brunswick Charlotte County (2016 population 25,428 ) is the most southwestern county of New Brunswick, Canada . It was formed in 1784 when New Brunswick was partitioned from Nova Scotia and named for Queen Charlotte . Once a layer of local government,
840-467: The restrictions imposed on both sides of the border during the COVID-19 pandemic in North America . The border closure meant driving to and from the island was prohibited, except for essential purposes. The government agreed to pay for an extension of the ferry service until 10 January 2021, however, winter weather after this date would make sailing the small ferry too dangerous. Islanders interviewed by
870-561: The size limit on land grants at the time. Owen renamed the island Campobello in punning honour of Lord William Campbell , who was Governor of Nova Scotia at the time. Campobello Parish later took its name from the island. The island was originally settled by the Passamaquoddy Nation, who called it Ebaghuit. The first Europeans were from the French expedition of Pierre Dugua de Mons and Samuel de Champlain , who founded
900-603: The stove outside of the cells. These ten cells were used exclusively for male prisoners. They occupy the first floor of the Gaol and are six by eight feet in size. The cells are cold, claustrophobic and bereft of any comfort, which was the exact intention of their construction. Upstairs in the Gaol were four cells intended for women, children and debtors. These were much more comfortable than the ones downstairs as they were larger in size and had larger windows for more light. Children would be admitted to prison if their mother had committed
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