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28-711: Charterhouse Square is a garden square , a pentagonal space, in Farringdon , in the London Borough of Islington , and close to the former Smithfield Meat Market . The square is the largest courtyard or yard associated with the London Charterhouse , mostly formed of Tudor and Stuart architecture restored after the London Blitz . The square adjoins other buildings including a small school. It lies between Charterhouse Street , Carthusian Street and

56-710: A concave façade , roof garden and basement swimming pool. Charterhouse Square School is on the south side of the square; it is a co-educational, independent school for ages 3 to 11, with a small roll of pupils. Smithfield Market is to the south-west along Charterhouse Street . Florin Court was used as the fictional residence of Hercule Poirot , Whitehaven Mansions , in the 1980s TV series Agatha Christie's Poirot based on Agatha Christie 's crime novels. 51°31′15.35″N 0°05′55.35″W  /  51.5209306°N 0.0987083°W  / 51.5209306; -0.0987083 Garden square The archetypal garden square

84-809: A public private partnership between the Department of Parks and Recreation and the Fitler Square Improvement Association. In Boston tens of squares exist, some having a mainly residential use. The Kingstowne development in Fairfax County, Virginia , near Washington, DC , contains several townhouse complexes built around garden squares. In Africa, garden squares are rare. Many squares and parks in Africa were constructed during colonial rule, along with European-styled architecture. A well-known square like this in Africa

112-424: Is Greenmarket Square , in the center of Cape Town , which previously hosted more townhouses at its edges but has been mostly paved over. Garden Squares generally do not occur throughout Asia. Parks usually occupy the need for urban green spaces, while historic and modern gardens exist as attractions, not central communal spaces. Open House London Open House London , now known as Open House Festival,

140-697: Is an annual festival celebrating the architecture and urban landscape of London. It is staged by the charity Open City which campaigns to make London a more accessible, equitable and open city. Starting in London in 1992 the festival has spread to over 60 of cities across the world. During the Open House Festival, many buildings considered to be of architectural significance open their doors for free public tours. The 2019 event featured over 800 buildings, neighbourhood walks, architects' talks, cycle tours, and more. Well-known buildings not usually open to

168-486: Is famous for them; they are described as one of the glories of the capital. Many were built or rebuilt during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, at the height of Georgian architecture , and are surrounded by townhouses . Large projects, such as the Bedford Estate , included garden squares in their development. The Notting Hill and Bloomsbury neighbourhoods both have many garden squares, with

196-416: Is surrounded by tall terraced houses and other types of townhouse . Because it is designed for the amenity of surrounding residents, it is subtly distinguished from a town square designed to be a public gathering place: due to its inherent private history, it may have a pattern of dedicated footpaths and tends to have considerably more plants than hard surfaces or large monuments. At their conception in

224-467: The Black Death , and tens of thousands of bodies were buried there. The common name for Carthusian monasteries, Charterhouse, was an Anglicisation of La Grande Chartreuse , whose order founded the monastery. The Charterhouse was dissolved as a monastery in 1537, and in 1545 was purchased by Sir Edward (later Lord) North (c. 1496–1564) and transformed into a mansion house. Following North's death,

252-468: The Merchant Taylors' School occupied the buildings until 1933. One side is partially occupied by Charterhouse Square School , a small independent primary school. In July 2011, English Heritage granted Grade II listed status to the " setted " road surface in the square, which was laid down in the 1860s. The west of the square is within the former civil parish of St Sepulchre Middlesex , with

280-810: The Place de la République . The enclosed garden terraces ( French: jardins terrasses ) and courtyards ( French: cours ) of some French former palaces have resulted in redevelopments into spaces equivalent to garden squares. The same former single-owner scenario applies to at least one garden square in London ( Coleridge Square ). Grandiose instances of garden-use town squares are a part of many French cities, others opt for solid material town squares. The Square de Meeûs and Square Orban are notable examples in Brussels. Dublin has several Georgian examples, including Merrion Square , Fitzwilliam Square , Mountjoy Square , St Stephens Green and Parnell Square . Perhaps

308-597: The 19th century, with notable exceptions below. Rittenhouse Square in the Center City, Philadelphia encases a public garden, one of the five original open-space parks planned by William Penn and his surveyor Thomas Holme during the late 17th century. It was first named Southwest Square. Nearby Fitler Square is a similar garden square named for late 19th century Philadelphia mayor Edwin Henry Fitler shortly after his death in 1896. The Square, cared for through

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336-642: The 20th century, many garden squares that were previously accessible only to defined residents became accessible to the public. Those in central urban locations, such as Leicester Square in London's West End, have become indistinguishable from town squares. Others, while publicly accessible, are largely used by local residents and retain the character of garden squares or small communal parks. Many private squares, even in busy locations, remain private, such as Portman Square in Marylebone in London, despite its proximity to London's busiest shopping districts. London

364-869: The Centre for Cancer Prevention (CCP) within the Wolfson Institute also make up the Cancer Research UK Barts Centre of Excellence, together with Barts and the London NHS Trust . In 2018, the School received a £6.5 million grant from the Barts Charity to redevelop the campus. Florin Court , a residential building in the Art Deco style built in 1936 by Guy Morgan and Partners, is on the east side. The building has

392-574: The Charterhouse is exhibited in a branch of the Museum of London . The southern end of the square forms the southern boundary of the London Borough of Islington , where it meets the City of London . In 1371 a Carthusian monastery was founded by Walter de Manny on what is now the north side of the square. It was established near a 1348 plague pit, which formed the largest mass grave in London during

420-540: The Queen Elizabeth II Infirmary Care Home and private tenants in 9 commercial units, 13 flats and 3 houses. The complex is open for pre-booked guided tours. The chapel can be viewed as part of the annual Open House London event. The site extends far back from the north side of the square in restored buildings and garden courtyards of the old monastery/school. The Charterhouse Square campus of Queen Mary University of London starts at

448-412: The early 15th century as outbreaks recurred. Charterhouse gives accommodation as an Almshouse to over forty single pensioners aged over sixty many of whom retain the tradition of having been "military men, schoolmasters, clergy, artists, musicians, writers and businessmen", who are in financial, housing and social need but not in significant debt and keen to contribute to the community. Additionally it has

476-428: The early 17th century, each such garden was a private communal amenity for the residents of the overlooking houses akin to a garden courtyard within a palace or community. Such community courtyards date back to at least Ur in 2000 BC where two-storey houses were built of fired brick around an open square. Kitchen , working, and public spaces were located on the ground floor, with private rooms located upstairs. In

504-568: The east in the former Liberty of Glasshouse Yard , with the former Liberty of Charterhouse just to the north. These three units were, with nearby Clerkenwell , part of the former Finsbury Division . They later became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury , formed in 1900. In 1965 the Metropolitan Boroughs of Finsbury and Islington merged to form the new London Borough of Islington . In 2014 evidence of

532-472: The former mostly still restricted to residents, and the latter open to all. Other UK cities prominent in the Georgian era such as Edinburgh , Bath , Bristol and Leeds have several garden squares. Householders with access to a private garden square are commonly required to pay a maintenance levy. Normally the charge is set annually by a garden committee. Sometimes private garden squares are opened to

560-546: The large burial pit for plague victims dating from 1348 to 1350, the time of the Black death , was discovered under the square by workers building the Crossrail project. Subsequent analysis of DNA and isotopes from the skeletons of those buried revealed data about Londoners who fell victim to the pandemic, such as their birthplace, diet, and the fact that there were actually three periods of plague burials, from 1348, 1361 and

588-457: The main Charterhouse complex of buildings south of Clerkenwell Road . The complex includes a Chapel, Tudor Great Hall, Great Chamber, the Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry and a 40-resident almshouse . The 2-acre (0.8 ha) square roughly covers a large 14th-century plague pit , discovered by deep excavations for Crossrail near which, within the main site, the history of

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616-603: The most famous garden square in the United States is Gramercy Park in southern Midtown Manhattan . Famously, it has remained private and gated throughout its existence; possession of a key to the park is a jealously guarded privilege that only certain local residents enjoy. The tradition of fee simple land ownership in American cities has made collective amenities such as garden squares comparatively rare. Very few sub-dividers and developers included them in plats during

644-519: The north-east corner of the square and then spreads out; close to a café and few narrow houses fronting that side, it occupies new buildings and some of the former school buildings. It comprises student accommodation and departments of Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry : Barts Cancer Institute (BCI), the Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine and the William Harvey Research Institute (WHRI). The BCI and

672-616: The outset, is the Square René Viviani . Gardens substantially cover a few of the famous Places in the capital; instead, the majority are paved and replete with profoundly hard materials such as Place de la Concorde . Inspired by ecological interests and a 21st-century focus on pollution mitigation, an increasing number of the Places in Paris today many have a focal tree or surrounding raised flower beds/and or rows of trees such as

700-536: The property was bought by Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk , who was imprisoned there in 1570 after scheming to marry Mary, Queen of Scots . Later, Thomas Sutton bought the Charterhouse, and on his death in 1611, endowed a hospital ( almshouse ) and school there, which opened in 1614, supporting 80 pensioners (known as 'brothers'). The boys' school coexisted with the home for pensioners until 1872 when Charterhouse School moved to Godalming in Surrey . Following this,

728-525: The public which were open on Open House weekend in 2005, for example, included Marlborough House , Lancaster House , Mansion House , the Foreign and Commonwealth Office , and Horse Guards . Outside of the Open House festival, Open City organises other projects including year-round tours, lectures and educational events for children and young people. The Open House festival uses a key as its emblem,

756-538: The public, such as during Open Garden Squares Weekend. Privately owned squares which survived the decades after the French Revolution and 19th century Haussmann's renovation of Paris include the Place des Vosges and Square des Épinettes in Paris. The Place des Vosges was a fashionable and expensive square to live in during the 17th and 18th centuries, and one of the central reasons that Le Marais district became so fashionable for French nobility. It

784-481: Was inaugurated in 1612 with a grand carrousel to celebrate the engagement of Louis XIII to Anne of Austria and is a prototype of the residential squares of European cities that were to come. What was new about the Place Royale as it was known in 1612 was that the house fronts were all built to the same design, probably by Baptiste du Cerceau . In town squares, similarly green but publicly accessible from

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