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50-553: Charters Towers is a rural town in the Charters Towers Region , Queensland , Australia. It is 136 km (85 mi) by road south-west from Townsville on the Flinders Highway . During the last quarter of the 19th century, the town boomed as the rich gold deposits under the city were developed. After becoming uneconomical in the 20th century, profitable mining operations have commenced once again. In

100-745: A daily news service that originates and aggregates content from and relevant to the Charters Towers community, which is delivered through a Facebook page and free daily newsletter. Because it has a lower than national proportion of households with reliable internet access, the Charters Towers E-Village installed a free public wireless internet service in the main street of the town, in conjunction with local businesses. Since its inception in 2011, it has grown to receive about 1,500 visits each day. The E-village derives its income from related web services, with any profits being returned to

150-467: A fixed gold price eroding profitability. The town entered a long period of relative stagnation and little further development has occurred since. The Charters Towers gold field produced over 200 tonnes (6.6 million troy ounces ) of gold from 1871 to 1917. The gold is concentrated into veins, and was Australia's richest major field with an average grade of 34 grams per tonne. The grade was almost double that of Victorian mines and almost 75% higher than

200-436: A location where people can connect with the Charters Towers community. The E-Village is the creation of local resident, Bryan West, following his frustration at not being able to find a suitable date for a kindergarten working bee. It includes a community calendar, member pages for all Charters Towers organisations, a database of services available within and to the community, classifieds, daily weather, and an online shop. It has

250-538: A mining publication in Canada) was first published in August 1872, just eight months after the discovery of gold. Such was its strength in those gold-mining days of the late 1880s that The Northern Miner installed a then-revolutionary linotype slug-casting machine before Brisbane's The Courier Mail . It was the only newspaper (of five published during the boom gold years) that survives today. In 2000, The Northern Miner

300-413: A number of heritage-listed sites, including: Some of Charters Towers's heritage is spread across the town: According to the 2016 census , 8,120 people were residing in Charters Towers. Charters Towers is a regional centre for the mining industry, the beef industry, and education, specifically boarding schools catering for remote rural families. More gold has been estimated to exist underground than

350-402: Is 649.9 millimetres (25.59 in), primarily concentrated in the austral summer. Extreme temperatures in Charters Towers have ranged from 44.9 °C (112.8 °F) on 6 January 1994 to 1.1 °C (34.0 °F) on 5 July 1899. Record temperatures were combined from the old Post Office weather station (1893-1992) and the current Airport weather station (1992-2024). The town was founded in

400-513: Is considered to be sufficiently approximated by 31.10 g in EU directive 80/181/EEC. The Dutch troy system is based on a mark of 8 ounces, the ounce of 20 engels (pennyweights), the engel of 32 as. The mark was rated as 3,798 troy grains or 246.084 grammes. The divisions are identical to the tower system. The pennyweight symbol is dwt . One pennyweight weighs 24 grains, and 20 pennyweights make one troy ounce. Because there were 12 troy ounces in

450-552: Is only mildly elevated at 290 metres or 950 feet above sea-level, but this has a noticeable effect, with lower humidity and wider temperature variations compared to nearby Townsville. Charters Towers obtains its water supply from the nearby Burdekin River . Charters Towers experiences a tropical semi-arid climate ( Koppen : BSh), with a short wet season from November to March and a long dry season from April to October, with cooler nights and lower humidity. The average annual rainfall

500-672: Is the James Cook University , in Townsville. Charters Towers is well known as a boarding school town, with families from western Queensland, the Northern Territory, Western Australia and the Torres Strait Islands sending their children to school in the district, over the larger cities in the area such as Townsville and Cairns . The Alliance of Charters Towers State Schools (ACTSS) represents

550-417: The 2021 census , the town of Charters Towers had a population of 8,040 people. The urban area of the town of Charters Towers includes its suburbs: Charters Towers City (the centre of the city); Richmond Hill , Toll , and Columbia to the north, Queenton to the east, Grand Secret and Alabama Hill to the west, and Towers Hill , Mosman Park , and Millchester to the south. Charters Towers township

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600-883: The Charters Towers Excelsior Library in Charters Towers at 130 Gill Street. The Charters Towers branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the Jane Black Memorial Hall at 80 Mossman Street. Jane Black of Pajingo Station was a pioneer of the Charters Towers branch but also one of the founders of the Country Women's Association in Queensland as a whole. The hall was officially opened on Thursday 22 July 1954. The Northern Miner newspaper (not to be confused with The Northern Miner ,

650-432: The Charters Towers Region . Charters Towers Post Office opened on 17 May 1872. A 20 head of stamps mill began ore-crushing operations on 16 July 1872. The Venus Battery continued to be used by small mine in the region until 1971. The unique site remains intact today, together with a cyanide treatment plant and assay office . On Sunday 10 August 1884, the new Charters Towers District Hospital opened. During 1888–89,

700-589: The Divisional Boards Act 1879 on 11 November 1879. It became a Shire on 31 March 1903. In July 2007, the Local Government Reform Commission released its report and recommended that the two areas amalgamate. Amongst its reasons given for this recommendation were improved service delivery and capacity through a larger asset base and increased operating revenue, and the fact that a significant (and growing) proportion of

750-733: The Municipal Institutions Act 1864 . It achieved a measure of autonomy in 1878 with the enactment of the Local Government Act . With the passage of the Local Authorities Act 1902 , it became the Town of Charters Towers on 31 March 1903 and was proclaimed the City of Charters Towers on 13 April 1909. The Shire of Dalymple began as Dalrymple Division , one of Queensland's 74 divisions created under

800-535: The People's Bank of China has previously used troy measurements in minting Gold Pandas beginning in 1982; since 2016, the use of troy ounces has been replaced by integer numbers of grams. The troy pound (lb t) consists of twelve troy ounces and thus is 5 760 grains ( 373.241 72 grams). (An avoirdupois pound is approximately 21.53% heavier at 7 000 grains ( 453.592 37 grams), and consists of sixteen avoirdupois ounces). A troy ounce weighs 480 grains . Since

850-521: The 12-ounce troy pound in the 19th century. It has been retained, though rarely used, in the American system. Larger amounts of precious metals are conventionally counted in hundreds or thousands of troy ounces, or in kilograms. Troy ounces have been and are still often used in precious metal markets in countries that otherwise use International System of Units (SI), except in East Asia . However,

900-423: The 1870s when gold was discovered by chance at Towers Hill on Christmas Eve 1871 by 12-year-old Aboriginal boy, Jupiter Mosman . Jupiter was with a small group of prospectors including Hugh Mosman , James Fraser, and George Clarke . Their horses bolted after a flash of lightning. While he was searching, Jupiter found both the horses and a nugget of gold in a creek at the base of Towers Hill. Charters originated from

950-492: The Charters Towers Stock Exchange and Royal Arcade were constructed at the northern end of Gill Street for local businessman and civic leader Alexander Malcolm. By 1917, gold mining became uneconomical. During World War I, labour was hard to find, and as the mines drove deeper, ventilation and water problems arose. This production decline was similar across Australian gold mines, with rising costs and

1000-523: The Charters Towers community. Charters Towers is served by two local commercial radio stations, 4GC and West FM (originally branded as Hot FM ), both owned by Resonate Broadcasting . Both stations rely heavily on networked programming but 4GC, broadcasting on 828 AM, produces a local breakfast program between 6am and 9am each weekday and provides local news bulletins and weather updates. Along with 3GG in Warragul, Victoria , Resonate Broadcasting bought

1050-425: The Charters Towers stations from Macquarie Media Group in 2008, with the three stations becoming the company's first investments. The Bull FM88 is the only country music radio station in Charters Towers playing an extensive mix from the 1980s to today. It is a low-powered open narrowcast (LPON) service broadcasting on 88.0 FM, which began in 2018. It is owned and operated by Margflow Media. In 2021, Charters Towers

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1100-469: The City and Shire formally ceased to exist, and elections were held on the same day to elect councillors and a mayor to the Regional Council. The council remains undivided and its elected body consists of six councillors and a mayor. The Charters Towers Region includes the following settlements: Charters Towers area: Dalrymple area : Charters Towers Regional Council operate

1150-550: The Excelsior public library in Charters Towers. The populations given relate to the component entities prior to 2008. The 2011 census was the first for the new Region. 20°06′S 146°16′E  /  20.100°S 146.267°E  / -20.100; 146.267 Troy ounce Troy weight is generally supposed to take its name from the French market town of Troyes where English merchants traded at least as early as

1200-557: The Gold Commissioner, WSEM Charters. Ten major gold reefs were eventually mined. Such were the boom years, between 1872 and 1899, that Charters Towers hosted its own stock exchange . The Great Northern Railway between Charters Towers and the coastal port of Townsville was completed in December 1882. During this period, the population was 27,500, making Charters Towers Queensland's largest city outside of Brisbane . The city

1250-498: The Public Record Commissioners translate as "troy weight". The word troni refers to markets. Wright's The English Dialect Dictionary lists the word troi as meaning a balance , related to the alternate form 'tron' which also means market or the place of weighing. From this, Watson suggests that 'troy' derives from the manner of weighing by balance precious goods such as bullion or drugs; in contrast to

1300-542: The Shire's population lived in Charters Towers's outer suburbs and bringing all of Charters Towers under one local government was viewed as desirable. It did not consider amalgamation with the neighbouring Townsville/Thuringowa region due to disparate communities of interest. Both councils opposed the amalgamation, although the City Council concluded it was inevitable due to a shared community of interest. On 15 March 2008,

1350-472: The adoption of the metric system, many systems of troy weights were in use in various parts of Europe, among them Holland troy, Paris troy, etc. Their values varied from one another by up to several percentage points. Troy weights were first used in England in the 15th century and were made official for gold and silver in 1527. The British Imperial system of weights and measures (also known as Imperial units )

1400-553: The antics. In 2010, more teams were involved than ever. However, the competition did not reach the magic 200 teams only because of the lack of fields in the region. Many of the fields are concrete pitches on the properties of local families in the region. For mayors of Charters Towers, see City of Charters Towers#Mayors . Charters Towers Region The Charters Towers Region is a local government area in North Queensland , Australia southwest of, and inland from

1450-607: The city of Townsville , based in Charters Towers . Established in 2008, it was preceded by two previous local government areas which dated back to the 1870s. It has an estimated operating budget of A$ 27.5 m. In the 2021 census , the Charters Towers Region had a population of 11,794 people. Gugu Badhun (also known as Koko-Badun and Kokopatun ) is an Australian Aboriginal language of North Queensland . The language region includes areas within

1500-566: The continent. The troy ounce and grain were also part of the apothecaries' system . This was long used in medicine, but has been largely replaced by the metric system (milligrams). The only troy weight in widespread use is the British Imperial troy ounce and its American counterpart. Both are based on a grain of 0.06479891 gram (exact, by definition), with 480 grains to a troy ounce (compared with 437 + 1 ⁄ 2 grains for an ounce avoirdupois). The British Empire abolished

1550-512: The depot, the 760th cooperated with the Australian Chemical Warfare Research Unit to conduct research on bomb design and delivery techniques. Late in 1944, the depot and its contents were moved to Oro Bay, New Guinea. In the 2016 census , the town of Charters Towers had a population of 8,120 people. In the 2021 census , the town of Charters Towers had a population of 8,040 people. Charters Towers has

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1600-594: The early 9th century. The name troy is first attested in 1390, describing the weight of a platter, in an account of the travels in Europe of the Earl of Derby . Charles Moore Watson (1844–1916) proposes an alternative etymology: The Assize of Weights and Measures (also known as Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris ), one of the statutes of uncertain date from the reign of either Henry III or Edward I , thus before 1307, specifies " troni ponderacionem "—which

1650-499: The five State schools in the area that are funded by the Queensland Government – Charters Towers Central State School (opened in 1875), Millchester State School (opened in 1874), Richmond Hill State School (opened in 1895), Charters Towers School of Distance Education (opened in 1987) and Charters Towers State High School. A number of other state schools within the city and nearby vicinity, which mostly commenced during

1700-506: The form of British pre-decimal pennies, in which pounds, shillings, and pence were indicated using the symbols £ , s , and d , respectively. There is no specific 'troy grain'. All Imperial systems use the same measure of mass called a grain (historically of barley ), each weighing 1 ⁄ 7000 of an avoirdupois pound (and thus a little under 65 milligrams). Mint masses, also known as moneyers' masses , were legalized by Act of Parliament dated 17 July 1649 entitled An Act touching

1750-405: The grades of Western Australian ( Kalgoorlie ) gold fields of that time. In 1935, Clermont-Charters Towers was an important line for public telephone communications. During World War II , Charters Towers was the location of RAAF No.9 Inland Aircraft Fuel Depot (IAFD), completed in 1942 and closed on 29 August 1944. Usually consisting of four tanks, 31 fuel depots were built across Australia for

1800-475: The implementation of the international yard and pound agreement of 1 July 1959, the grain measure is defined as precisely 64.798 91   milligrams . Thus one troy ounce = 480 grains × 0.064 798 91 grams/grain = 31.103 476 80 grams. Since the ounce avoirdupois is defined as 437.5 grains, a troy ounce is exactly 480 ⁄ 437.5 = 192 ⁄ 175 or about 1.09714 ounces avoirdupois or about 9.7% more. The troy ounce for trading precious metals

1850-546: The largest in the Southern Hemisphere. Players ranging from regional and the country to play. Numbers in recent years have reached just shy of 200 teams. The event is of massive benefit for the town, bringing in business for the entire region, especially the town's pubs and clubs. While the higher grades take it very seriously with awards and prizes given, the lower grades take to a more social view. Games involving drinking penalties and costume wearing are all part of

1900-692: The local government area of Charters Towers Region, particularly the localities of Greenvale and the Valley of Lagoons , and in the Upper Burdekin River area and in Abergowrie . Prior to 2008, the Charters Towers Region was an entire area of two previous and distinct local government areas: The City of Charters Towers had its beginning in the Charters Towers Municipality which was proclaimed on 21 June 1877 under

1950-578: The mining boom years, have also existed. These included Queenton State School (1890–1933), Mt. Leyshon State School (1890 – circa 1940), King's Gully State School (1911–1932), the Broughton State School (1905–?), Macrossan State School (1884–19??), Rishton State School (1884–1891), Liontown State School (1905 – circa  1921), Black Jack State School (1887–1948), Pumping Station State School (1898–1936), and Sellheim State School (1889–1939). The Charters Towers Regional Council operates

2000-490: The old troy pound, there would have been 240 pennyweights to the pound (mass) – just as there were 240 pennies in the original pound-sterling . However, prior to 1526, the English pound sterling was based on the tower pound , which is 15 ⁄ 16 of a troy pound. The d in dwt stands for denarius , the ancient Roman coin that equates loosely to a penny. The symbol d for penny can be recognized in

2050-578: The storage and supply of aircraft fuel for the RAAF and the US Army Air Forces at a total cost of £900,000 ($ 1,800,000). Beginning in June 1943, Charters Towers was also the location for a major USAAF chemical bomb depot operated by the 760th Chemical Depot Company (Aviation). The depot contained bombs filled with mustard agent, cyanogen chloride and other toxic chemicals. In addition to maintaining

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2100-549: The total removed in the gold rush . Hundreds of separate mining leases covering an area of 200 square kilometres (77 sq mi) were consolidated by James Lynch in the 1970s and 1980s and the company Citigold listed on the Australian Securities Exchange in 1993. After 89 years, the goldfields were reopened, and gold was produced again from the Warrior Mine 4 km (2.5 mi) southeast of

2150-714: The town in November 2006 by Citigold Corporation Limited. Gold is mined from two deposits, which are accessed by sloping tunnels. The extracted gold ore is trucked about 10 km (6.2 mi) south-west of the city for processing into gold Doré bars . Citigold has announced plans to open three mines directly under the city to extract gold at a rate of 250,000 ounces per year. Charters Towers has four secondary schools: Columba Catholic College (opened in 1998); Blackheath and Thornburgh College (opened in 1919); All Souls St Gabriels School (opened in 1920); and Charters Towers State High School (opened in 1912). The nearest university

2200-496: The troy weight system of Bremen . (The Bremen troy ounce had a mass of 480.8 British Imperial grains.) Many aspects of the troy weight system were indirectly derived from the Roman monetary system . Before they used coins, early Romans used bronze bars of varying weights as currency. An aes grave ("heavy bronze") weighed one pound . One twelfth of an aes grave was called an uncia , or in English, an "ounce". Before

2250-567: The word 'avoirdupois' used to describe bulk goods such as corn or coal, sometimes weighed in ancient times by a kind of steelyard called the auncel . Troy weight referred to the Tower system ; the earliest reference to the modern troy weights is in 1414. The origin of the troy weight system is unknown. Although the name probably comes from the Champagne fairs at Troyes , in northeastern France. English troy weights were nearly identical to

2300-506: Was also affectionately known as "The World", as anything one might desire reportedly could be had in the Towers, leaving no reason to travel elsewhere. The Borough of Charters Towers was proclaimed on 21 June 1877 under the Municipal Institutions Act 1864 with John McDonald being elected the town's first mayor. The local government area would later be known as Town of Charters Towers and City of Charters Towers , before being absorbed into

2350-586: Was based on, and virtually identical with, the pre-1824 British troy ounce and the pre-1707 English troy ounce. (1824 was the year the British Imperial system of weights and measures was adopted; 1707 was the year of the Act of Union which created the Kingdom of Great Britain .) Troy ounces have been used in England since the early 15th century, and the English troy ounce was officially adopted for coinage in 1527. Before that time, various sorts of troy ounces were in use on

2400-626: Was confirmed to have been selected as the location for the ninth season of Australian Survivor , a Survivor: Blood vs Water series scheduled to air on Network 10 in 2022. The Charters Towers Goldfield Ashes has been an amateur cricket carnival conducted over the Australia Day long weekend in January since 1948 by the Charters Towers Cricket Association Incorporated (CTCA), and it is now

2450-405: Was established in 1824, prior to which the troy weight system was a subset of pre-Imperial English units . The troy ounce in modern use is essentially the same as the British Imperial troy ounce (1824–1971), adopted as an official weight standard for United States coinage by act of Congress on May 19, 1828. The British Imperial troy ounce (known more commonly simply as the imperial troy ounce)

2500-604: Was linked for the first time to the North Queensland Newspaper Company and therefore News Limited's electronic layout system and website. The Evening Telegraph was a daily newspaper published between 1901 and 1921. Sumpton's Gold Rush Gazette is a local newspaper which has been printed weekly since April 2021. The publication's founder, Daniel Sumpton, has been referred to as "The man who brought Print Journalism back to Charters Towers." The Charters Towers E-Village launched in 2011 and provides

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