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71-664: Chebeague Island is one of the twelve major islands of the Calendar Islands, a term that originated in 1700 with the report by the English military engineer Wolfgang William Römer , who claimed there were "as many islands as there are days in the year." As a corrective, the Maine State Historian Robert M. York stated there are "little more than two hundred islands" in Casco Bay . Chebeague Island

142-550: A comfort food , especially during the winter months. Considered a national dish of Bermuda , the primary ingredients in Bermuda fish chowder include fish, tomato, and onion that is seasoned with black rum and a sherry pepper sauce. The dish is of British origin, and was brought to the New World by the colonists. Clam chowder is prepared with clams , diced potato, onion, and sometimes celery. It may be prepared as

213-403: A porpoise breaking surface as well. Lobsters and lobstering are a big part of Casco Bay, and the ocean surrounding Chebeague is dotted by thousands of lobster pot buoys, the livelihood of many year-round residents in the area. Lobstering is a big commodity of Casco Bay. Locals often fish from the docks and piers for mackerel , bluefish , or striped bass , just a few of many abundant fish in

284-481: A "congerie" of simple things, very basic and cooked simply. It is a simple dish of salt and pepper, potatoes and onion, pork and fish, cream and hard crackers, and not a sophisticated dish of the elite. Its simplicity made it attractive and it became a regional dish of the New Englanders, and their favourite recipe was "chowder master". "Symbolically, functionally, mnemonically or dynamically" chowder has become

355-504: A backbreaking task. The clam shell may be broken during this procedure, ruining it. Mussels, on the other hand, are lying attached to rocks on the shore during low tide, and a bucketful can be collected in minutes. Marketing demands have reduced the mussel population greatly, and now they are often "grown" by farmers on floating barges where they can be easily "picked" when ready. Typically Great Chebeague has 8-to-9-foot (2.4 to 2.7 m) tides under normal conditions. Ocean floor geography in

426-400: A bridge was last considered seriously in 1970, but was soundly voted down by islanders. In 1997, the people of Chebeague were a significant part of a movement that managed to overturn Nabisco 's first attempt at discontinuing the " Crown Pilot Crackers " from its product line. Due to its being such a tradition with the islanders as an accessory to their consumption of soup, an organized effort

497-637: A colonel was refused by the French, and Romer returned to England to negotiate for an exchange . The Board of Ordnance suggested that the French might accept the Marquis de Levy, taken in HMS ; Salisbury , or Chevalier Nangis. In September 1707 Romer visited Düsseldorf, carrying a letter of recommendation from Queen Anne to the Elector Palatine . In 1708, his exchange having been effected, he

568-505: A community-defining symbol for New Englanders. Etta M. Madden and Martha L. Finch observe that chowder provides "visceral memories that provided feelings of familiarity, comfort and continuity". A recipe formulated and published in 1894 by Charles Ranhofer , a famous chef of Delmonico's restaurant, was called "Chowder de Lucines" and had ingredients of pork, clams, potato (sliced to a seven sixteenths-inch size), onion, parsley, tomato, crackers garnished by thyme, salt and pepper. Others in

639-509: A cream-style or broth -style soup. Several variations of clam chowder exist, including New England clam chowder, which is a cream-style soup; Manhattan clam chowder, a broth-style soup prepared using tomato, vegetables and clams; Rhode Island clam chowder is a broth-style soup without dairy, and alternatively also includes stewed tomatoes which is known as red chowder; New Jersey clam chowder; Delaware clam chowder; Hatteras clam chowder; and Minorcan clam chowder. In Connecticut clam chowder, milk

710-678: A day. Bellamont had so high an opinion of Romer that he was specially allowed to retain his services beyond the term arranged. Romer made a plan of the Hudson River , New York, and the adjoining country. In 1700, he explored the territories of the Iroquois Confederacy , who were allied with the British, and made a map of his journey among them. From 1701 to 1703, he was engaged in fortifying Boston Harbour. He built Castle William , mounting one hundred guns, on Castle Island . It

781-453: A family of six sons and five daughters, of Mathias Romer of Düsseldorf and Anna Duppengiezeer. Mathias was ambassador to Holland from the Elector Palatine , who stood godfather to Wolfgang at his baptism on 17 May 1640. Romer entered the service of William of Orange as a military engineer. In 1688, Romer was a colonel in the army of Prince William which landed in England in 1688, during

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852-620: A good deal of fish and Biscuit Boyled for about an hour". Chowder was not utterly unfamiliar in England at the time, as in Sir Launcelot Greaves (1762) Tobias Smollett has one character state, "My head sings and simmers like a pot of chowder". A Manx sailor in his memoirs recalls a meal made aboard a British ship on a voyage through the Caribbean in 1786: "....we frequently served up a mess called chowder , consisting of

923-495: A late entry after 1930. In most cases, particularly in the Maritime Provinces , Canadian chowder is thinner and more seafood-forward than its creamier American counterparts. Chowder is a soup with cream or milk mixed with ingredients such as potatoes, sweet corn, smoked haddock, clams and prawns, etc. Some cream-style chowders do not use cream, and are instead prepared using milk and a roux to thicken them. Some of

994-409: A mixture of fresh fish, salt pork, pounded biscuit and onions; and which, when well seasoned and stewed, we found to be an excellent palatable dish." Cookbooks of the period included recipes for "Chowder, a Sea Dish" which might be thicker than a soup: in 1830 an English baked dish made with salmon and potato was called a chowder. In 1890, in the magazine American Notes and Queries , it was said that

1065-502: A phenomenon sometimes known as the "rusticators" movement, where residents of New England's industrial cities sought to get back to nature for a few days or weeks. The tourists filled the cottages, rooming houses, and inns, such as the Chebeague Island Inn , that dotted the islands of Casco Bay. In 1900, Chebeague Island had five hotels. Tourists arrived on steamboats from Portland. The Chebeague High School closed in 1956;

1136-562: A variety of services ranging from indoor heated storage and nightly mooring rentals to portable marine engine diagnostics and fabricating or refinishing woodwork. In the summer months, a gift store, the Niblic, is open at the Boatyard. The Chebeague Island Methodist Church is the island's oldest institution and the island's only church. Its roots extend back into the 18th century when Methodist missionaries visited Casco Bay. The island matriarch

1207-469: A webpage that provides access to town documents, a town calendar, and other information. There is one school on the island which has classes Pre-K through 5th grade. Students in sixth grade and older attend schools on the mainland. Sixth through eighth graders attend Frank H. Harrison Middle School in Yarmouth and ninth graders to seniors attend Yarmouth High School. The Chebeague Island Boatyard provides

1278-409: Is a medical emergency, one must be taken to the mainland via the ambulance and ferry, which are always on call. 43°44′27″N 70°06′29″W  /  43.74083°N 70.10806°W  / 43.74083; -70.10806 Wolfgang William R%C3%B6mer Wolfgang William Romer (23 April 1640 – 15 March 1713) was a Dutch military engineer , born at The Hague . He was the third son, in

1349-449: Is found in the journal kept by the young botanist Joseph Banks , who visited English and French Labrador fisheries in 1766. Banks gives an account of chowder, which he described as "Peculiar to this Country", and its preparation. Even though it was unfamiliar, he stated that "when well made a Luxury that the rich Even in England at Least in my opinion might be fond of It is a Soup made with a small Quantity of salt Pork cut into Small Slices

1420-463: Is often made with cheese. Fish, corn, and clam chowders are popular in North America, especially Atlantic Canada and New England. The origin of the term chowder is obscure. One possible source is the French word chaudron , the French word for cauldron , the type of cooking or heating stove on which the first chowders were probably cooked. Chodier was also a name for a cooking pot in

1491-572: Is open year-round. Second Wind Farm, run by Charles Varney, provides islanders with locally-grown produce during the season. The Chebeague Island Inn and restaurant is open in the summer, as is a nine-hole golf course, a tennis club, and two gift shops, the Niblic, located at the Boatyard, and Island Riches, located near the landing for the Casco Bay Ferry. There is a full-time volunteer fire station and EMTs/ambulance. Police matters are handled by Cumberland County Sheriff officers. If there

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1562-418: Is physically impossible: Extra care must be taken when venturing out in small watercraft. Even on the clearest day, a thick fog can suddenly "roll in" out of nowhere, reducing visibility to zero. Even during the warmest summer months, the ocean temperature is barely above 60 °F (16 °C). Falling out of a boat into the water anytime between September and April can be dangerous, if not fatal, depending on

1633-619: Is prepared with celery, garlic, leeks, chives, potatoes and Alaskan smoked salmon . The best known smoked salmon chowders are made at Pike Place Market and by Ivar's Salmon House , both in Seattle , Washington . Southern Illinois chowder, also referred to as "downtown chowder", is a thick stew or soup that is very different from the New England and Manhattan chowders. The main ingredients are beef, chicken, tomatoes, cabbage, lima beans, and green beans. Traditionally, squirrel meat

1704-705: Is similar in consistency to New England clam chowder, with corn being used instead of clams. Additional vegetables that may be used in its preparation include potatoes, celery and onion. Some are prepared using meats, such as chicken or bacon. Corn chowder may be prepared with fresh, frozen, or canned corn. Fish chowder is prepared with fish such as salmon or cod, and is similar to clam chowder in ingredients and texture. Ingredients used in fish chowder may include potato, onion, celery, carrot, corn and bacon. A popular dish in Pacific Northwest cuisine , smoked salmon chowder gets its red color from tomato paste and

1775-575: Is used instead of cream. New England clam chowder is made in a diverse variety of styles. Clam chowder may be prepared with fresh, steamed clams or canned clams. The "clam liquor" from steamed or canned clams may be retained for use in the soup, and fresh or bottled clam juice may be used. January 21 is the National New England Clam Chowder Day in the United States. In the late 1800s clam chowder

1846-497: Is water. At approximately 3 miles (5 km) long and 1 mile (2 km) wide, Chebeague is the largest unconnected island in Casco Bay. The northern tip of the island is called Chebeague Point and the southern tip is called Deer Point. Chebeague Island is known as "Great Chebeague," as it is not always a single landmass. The nearby island of "Little Chebeague" is accessible on foot, via a sandbar that appears at low tide. As of

1917-486: The OED gives for the word used in its current sense of a fish-based stew is American. Chowder as it is known today originated as a shipboard dish, and was thickened with the use of hardtack . Chowder was brought to North America with immigrants from England and France and seafarers more than 250 years ago. It became popular for its flavour, and is now used widely for its simple preparation. An early description of chowder

1988-459: The census of 2010, there were 341 people, 171 households, and 98 families residing in the town. The population density was 95.8 inhabitants per square mile (37.0/km). There were 525 housing units at an average density of 147.5 units per square mile (57.0 units/km). The racial makeup of the town was 99.1% White , 0.3% African American , 0.3% Asian , and 0.3% from two or more races. There were 171 households, of which 18.1% had children under

2059-621: The " Glorious Revolution ". By the end of the year, King James II had fled, and William of Orange was proclaimed King of England in February 1689. By a royal warrant of 13 May 1690, Romer was appointed engineer in Ireland at 20 shillings a day, to commence from 1 March 1689. He took part in the campaigns of 1690 and 1691 , and was employed on the fortifications of Cork , Longford , and Thurles . He remained in Ireland until 1692, when he

2130-510: The Chebeague Island Sailing School, created by the island's yacht club. In the acclaimed camp, students learn about small boat sailing while enjoying the great waters that Casco Bay offers. Nearby Cousins Island is connected to the mainland by a bridge, and Great Chebeague has historically debated and entertained the idea of linking-up to the mainland or Cousins Island with a bridge of its own. The idea of building

2201-567: The Creole language of the French Caribbean islands. Additionally, a Portuguese, Brazilian, Galician and Basque fish and shellfish stew is known as caldeirada which appears to have a similar etymology. Another possible source of the word "chowder" could be the French dish called chaudrée (sometimes spelled chauderée ), which is a thick fish soup from the coastal regions of Charente-Maritime and Vendée . Yet another etymology could be

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2272-781: The Methodist Protestant Church closed around 1890, they were welcomed back to the Methodist Episcopal. A new parsonage was built in 1885–1886 and has housed many pastors and their families. Today, the church has left the Methodist denomination and is led by chaplain Victor Diaz. The local historical museum run by the Chebeague Island Historical Society is open during the summer months. The Chebeague Island Library

2343-612: The Quebecois French word chaudière , which means "bucket". In the sixteenth century in Cornwall and Devon the dialectal word "jowter" was used to describe hawkers, particularly fishmongers, which later turned into "chowder" and "chowter". However, this is not cited by the Oxford English Dictionary as a possible source due to controversy regarding the origins of the dish itself. The earliest citation

2414-489: The Stone Wharf on the north-west side of the island. Casco Bay Lines provides service on all mail boat and other "down-bay" trips that travel beyond Long Island . One main macadam-paved road (with various different names, including North Road and South Road) loops around the island, with a few connecting paved or partly-paved roads in between, such as Schoolhouse Road, Roy Hill Road, and Littlefield Avenue. Coming off

2485-427: The age of 18 living with them, 49.1% were married couples living together, 5.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.7% were non-families. 37.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.99 and the average family size was 2.63. The median age in

2556-432: The area, and crab traps hang from the docks. All over the island, as Maine is often known for, are blueberry patches that supply an abundant amount of blueberries, ardently picked by the locals. However, they are slowly decreasing in size as land development continues. The many inlet coves around the island are home to abundant clam beds. During low tide, these fully exposed areas can be walked on and are often clammed by

2627-436: The customs of each region. Chowder was one of the dishes commonly served for the celebrations in the northern United States. In the United States, early chowder making is traced to New England . It was a bowl of simmering chowder by the seaside that provided in its basic form "sustenance of body and mind – a marker of hearth and home, community, family and culture". It evolved along the coastal shoreline of New England as

2698-652: The dish was of French origin. Among French settlers in Canada, it was a custom to stew clams and fish laid in courses with bacon, sea biscuits, and other ingredients in a bucket called a "chaudière". The Native Americans adopted it as "chawder", and the name (and the dish) eventually became "chowder" in the United States . After the Revolutionary war, the fourth of July was celebrated with picnics, fireworks, dances and dinners. The foods served varied according to

2769-426: The dish. Clam chowder from New England is typically made with chopped clams and diced potatoes, in a mixed cream and milk base, often with a small amount of butter. Other common chowders include seafood chowder, which often consists of fish, clams, and other types of shellfish; lamb or veal chowder made with barley; corn chowder , which uses corn instead of clams; various fish chowders ; and potato chowder, which

2840-469: The fleet under Delaval , Killigrew , and Rooke , to convoy the so-called Smyrna fleet. On 8 May 1694, he was directed by royal warrant to report on the defences of Guernsey , and to lay out any additional works which were urgent. A plan of Castle Cornet , drawn by Romer when on this duty, is in the British Museum . At the beginning of 1697, Romer was ordered to New York, but objected to go on

2911-443: The general area can vary drastically, thus careful navigation must be practiced when boating, even in small vessels. Many islands, including Great Chebeague, have extended rock outcroppings that are completely underwater during high tide, but may be lurking just below the surface as the tide drops, and may appear 3 to 10 feet (0.91 to 3.05 m) out of the water during low tide. The rip tide can be several knots, and rowing against it

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2982-559: The island elementary school. The island won independence from Cumberland after votes in the Maine Senate (31–3) and House of Representatives (131–1) on April 5, 2006. The separation took effect on July 1, 2007. According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 24.56 square miles (63.61 km), of which 3.56 square miles (9.22 km) is land and 21.00 square miles (54.39 km)

3053-490: The island's land for farming. Lobsters were so plentiful that they were used as fertilizer for the fields. Early commerce on the island developed around fishing, farming, and the construction of "stone sloops," ships that carried quarried granite down the eastern seaboard for the building of breakwaters, lighthouses, and set navigational markers. By the late 19th century and throughout the early 20th century, tourists from Canada, Boston, and points south began to visit Maine in

3124-656: The locals, some of whom have made a living for decades harvesting steamers , hen clams , and razor clams from the muddy, clay-rich soil. Clamming is often shut down when the red tide —a harmful microscopic ocean organism that affects shellfish—"blooms" in the area. People who eat clams that are affected by the red tide (even steamed ones) can become violently ill; the algae can be fatal. This paralytic poisoning often causes death to humans, birds, larval and adult fish, and marine mammals. For many years, mussels —which grow in clusters, attached by "beards" to rocks and seaweed, pier pilings, buoys, and just about any stable structure in

3195-489: The mainland every day from the Stone Pier to go to middle and high school. Elementary-school-age children usually stay on the island to attend the school house, which houses grades K–5. Deer, red fox, a variety of non-venomous snakes, raccoons, grey squirrels, frogs and toads, gray and black back gulls, loons, and ducks are all creatures that can be seen on and about the island. Curiously, no skunks are to be found on this,

3266-472: The meaning of "marinara" as in marinara sauce . Spiced haddock chowder is made with haddock fillets, carrot, potato, plain flour, bay leaves, peppercorns, mustard, and spices added to milk and cooked in a pot with butter. The White Castle restaurant serves a potato-and-bacon chowder. In North America, as people moved west , some homemade preparations of traditional chowder used canned or bottled clams when fresh clams were not available. In some places

3337-539: The ocean—were largely ignored as inedible. But during the 1980s and early 1990s, when clams were getting more difficult to acquire, mussels began to be considered good eating. Some consider these mollusks a bit more "gamey" in taste compared to clams but quite similar otherwise. Mussels can be reaped in much larger quantities, very quickly. Clams have to be dug out of the sand, by hand, with an angled pick; they very often withdraw deeper into their sand tunnel when they "hear" someone digging for them. This makes harvesting clams

3408-453: The paved road, there are many unpaved roads going to residential homes and various points and beaches. The beaches are considered state land and anyone can walk on them, like state park property, thus the reason many of the smaller roads simply end at coastal points. Some of smaller "roads" are merely single-lane, rutted sand trails with heavy overgrowth to either side, and on the off-chance two cars meet coming at one another, one car must pull to

3479-471: The popular variations are clam chowder and potatoes; seafood chowder; spiced haddock chowder; Irish fish chowder with soda bread; crayfish chowder; clam chowder with cod; British seaside chowder with saffron; thick smoked-haddock chowder; Raymond Blanc's light shellfish chowder; New England–style clam chowder traditionally served with oyster crackers; smoked haddock chowder with leeks and sweetcorn; clam, broad bean and salami chowder; and many more. Chowder can be

3550-554: The proposed salary of 20 shillings a day. The Board of Ordnance recommended that his warrant should be cancelled, and that he should be discharged from the King's service. The King was, however, well acquainted with his value, and although the board had suspended him in February, in August the suspension was removed, and Romer accompanied Lord Bellomont, the newly appointed governor , to New York as chief engineer and with pay of 30 shillings

3621-418: The same family, totally different from the New England clam chowder, are: "Fulton Market style", introduced in 1904 and made from clams, tomatoes, allspice , cloves , red pepper, and Worcester sauce ; a "Vegetable Clam Chowder" introduced in 1929 and made of clams, chopped onions, diced carrots, stewed tomatoes , and thyme ; "Coney Island Clam Chowder"; "New York Clam Chowder"; and "Manhattan Clam Chowder",

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3692-400: The schoolhouse, built in 1871, still stands and serves as a museum for Great Chebeague's history. The strong sense of community is highlighted in its summer months, where children often participate in the many camps offered on the island. Popular are the farm camp, clown camp, British Soccer Camp, theatre camp, and many others sponsored by the island's recreation center. Among the most popular is

3763-423: The second largest island in Casco Bay. Mosquitoes can be a nuisance, and much of the island is soft, sandy, swampy soil (due largely in part to the many underground springs), which are perfect conditions for mosquito breeding. Harbor seals can often be spotted from the shores of Chebeague, swimming or sunning themselves on the rocks of nearby uninhabited islands or on depth-marker buoys. Occasionally one might spot

3834-420: The side or back up to a suitable area to allow the other to pass. Most residents have "island cars" that they use year-round; they take the abuse of rutted back roads with overgrowth that scratches the sides of vehicles, as well as the corrosive, briny Casco Bay air. Island cars are not required to have license plates, although they must be registered. Children of year-round residents take a boat back and forth to

3905-640: The summer months. Chebeague Island is part of the Portland–; South Portland – Biddeford , Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area . According to island lore, the name "Chebeague" evolved from Chebiscodego, the name used by members of the Wabanaki Confederacy, a First Nations and Native American confederation of five principal nations: the Mi'kmaq , Maliseet , Passamaquoddy , Abenaki , and Penobscot . The most accepted definition of

3976-422: The sun goes down, temperatures can drop drastically and, even on the warmest summer days, nights are often very cool and can require long sleeves and pants and even a fire in the fireplace. Winters can be brutal, and usually by September, most of the non-year-round residents are packed up and gone. Chebeague Island has its own post office. There is cell phone service on the island. The Town of Chebeague Island has

4047-502: The time of year. Swimming is enjoyed usually in inlets and coves where the water temperature is slightly higher, and off the pier or docks. Like most islands in the area, Chebeague has as much rocky cliffs for a shoreline as beaches. The "Niblic" beach by the boatyard and Deer Point by Chandler's Cove are popular beaches for their soft stretch of sand. On a clear day at Deer Point, one can see Mount Washington in New Hampshire. When

4118-512: The town was 57.9 years. 15% of residents were under the age of 18; 4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 14.1% were from 25 to 44; 32% were from 45 to 64; and 34.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.4% male and 51.6% female. Transportation to the island includes two ferry services. Chebeague Transportation Company's (CTC) ferry, the Independence , makes the 15-minute run from Wharf Road on Cousins Island to

4189-463: The word Chebeague is "Island of Many Springs." Other sources state that Chebeague comes from the Abenaki words T’Cabie or Chebidisco, meaning cold spring, or Jabeque or Gaboag, meaning separated, which recognizes the connectedness of Great Chebeague Island and Little Chebeague Island. Great Chebeague Island was also known for a time as Recompense Island. The early Native American presence on the island

4260-599: Was "excommunicated" from the Congregational Church when she joined the Methodists. They held class meetings and built a small meetinghouse. In 1814 nearly all of the 19 members were connected to the Hamiltons. As Chebeague's population grew the need for a new church became apparent. In 1855 a schism about the location occurred. As a result, two Methodist churches were built within sight of each other. When

4331-638: Was a common addition. Southern Illinois chowder is a hearty dish that has been described as being closer in style to burgoo and Brunswick stew than coastal chowders. Seafood chowder is prepared with various types of seafood as a primary ingredient, and may be prepared as a broth- or cream-style chowder. It is a popular menu item in New Zealand using ready-prepared mixed seafood, called "seafood marinara", "marinara mix", or simply "marinara". These terms to describe mixed seafood are unique to New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa and not to be confused with

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4402-480: Was a part of the Town of Cumberland until July 1, 2007, when it seceded and became the Town of Chebeague Island. The Town of Chebeague Island includes seventeen islands and their adjacent waters. These include the islands of Bangs, Bates, Hope, Ministerial, Sand, Stave, Stockman, and the tiny Upper Green Islands. At the 2020 census , the town's year-round population was 396. The population is said to more than triple in

4473-522: Was appointed by royal warrant of 7 July, chief engineer of the artillery train fitted out at St. Helen's for the expedition against the coast of France. On 26 July he embarked with fourteen thousand troops in transports, and joined the fleet at Portland , when the expedition was abandoned. In 1693, he was chief engineer of the ordnance train of the expedition to the Mediterranean; he served under Richard Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont , and embarked in

4544-460: Was buried at Düsseldorf, where he had some property. His son John Lambertus Romer (1680–1754) followed him into a career as a military engineer, and served in Scotland. Chowder Chowder is a thick soup prepared with milk or cream , a roux , and seafood or vegetables . Oyster crackers or saltines may accompany chowders as a side item, and cracker pieces may be dropped atop

4615-637: Was created to bring the chowder cracker back. It was successful, so much so that not only was the Pilot Cracker made again, but it was turned into a media event, with Nabisco donating $ 1,000 to the Chebeague Historical Society. The cracker was ultimately cancelled however—this time for good—in 2008. In 2002 Chebeague Island explored secession from Cumberland, with whom they had been tied for 184 years. The initiative gained traction after school district 51 considered downsizing

4686-494: Was destroyed on 17 March 1776, when the British evacuated Boston. Many years afterwards, a slate slab with a Latin inscription was found among the ruins, giving the dates when the work was commenced and finished, and stating that it was constructed by Romer, "a military architect of the first rank." Romer constructed defensive posts and forts in the Iroquois territories, and many of them were executed at his own expense, for which he

4757-570: Was employed in designing defences for Portsmouth , which were submitted to the Board of Ordnance in the following year, and in the construction of Blockhouse Fort at the entrance of Portsmouth Harbour . He continued in charge of the Portsmouth defences, occasionally visiting other fortified towns, such as Harwich , which he reported on in 1710, and places in Flanders , until his death in 1713. He

4828-460: Was introduced in New Zealand as an "American" dish and has become integral to New Zealand cuisine. A variant of New Zealand clam chowder is "pipi chowder", also known as "pipi soup" made with New Zealand surf clams . "Pipi" comes from the indigenous Maori name for the shellfish. Although there are variations in ingredients all New Zealand seafood chowders are made in the style of New England chowders, always with milk and/or cream. Corn chowder

4899-524: Was never reimbursed. He was a member of the Council of New York Province , and his knowledge of the colony, and especially of the Iroquois, was valuable to Lord Bellomont and to his successor Lord Cornbury , who succeeded to the governorship in 1702. In 1703, Romer, who was suffering from "a distemper not curable in those parts for want of experienced surgeons", applied to return to England. The Board of Ordnance instead ordered him to go to Barbados , and it

4970-419: Was not year-round. During the summer months, Native Americans arrived by canoe to fish and gather shellfish for the winter months. Early settlers included Zachariah Chandler, who bought 650 acres in 1746. Other early settlers were Ambrose Hamilton and Deborah Soule Hamilton, who had fourteen children and seventy-two grandchildren, the majority of whom settled on Chebeague. The early white settlers cleared much of

5041-625: Was only on the intervention of the Council of Trade , who represented his services, that on 14 August 1704 he was ordered home as soon as he should be relieved. He remained in America until 1706. He completed the plans of Castle Island, Boston Bay, which are now in the British Museum. On his homeward voyage he was captured by the French and carried to St. Malo , where he was liberated on parole. The usual offer of twenty seamen in exchange for

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