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42-587: Chersky (masculine), Cherskaya (feminine), or Cherskoye (neuter) may refer to: Jan Czerski (1845–1892), also known as Ivan Chersky, Polish scientist and explorer Chersky (urban-type settlement) , a municipal formation and settlement in Nizhnekolymsky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia is incorporated Chersky Airport , in the Sakha Republic, Russia Chersky, alternative name of

84-420: A Russian geographer, Grigory Nikolayevich Potanin . Under their influence, he became interested in the natural history of the region. They provided him with literature on Siberia and the natural sciences, so that during his free time he was able to educate himself and carry out his first research. After release from the army in 1869, he was not given permission to return home, and became a political exile. He

126-624: A Yuan-era temple have been excavated near the village of Tyr . During the reigns of the Yongle and Xuande Emperors (early-15th century), the Ming dynasty reached the Amur in their drive to establish control over the lands adjacent to the Ming Empire to the northeast, which would later become known as Manchuria. Expeditions headed by the eunuch Yishiha reached Tyr several times between 1411 and

168-647: A short military campaign in 1685. The Treaty of Nerchinsk , concluded in 1689, marked the end of the hostilities: it left the entire Amur valley, from the convergence of the Shilka and the Ergune downstream, in Chinese hands. Fedor Soimonov was sent to map the then little explored area of the Amur in 1757. He mapped the Shilka, which was partly in Chinese territory, but was turned back when he reached its confluence with

210-528: A study on Lake Baikal , explaining the origin of the lake and presenting the geological structure of East Siberia . Perhaps the most notable of these expeditions was to study of the geological structure of the coast of Lake Baikal. The result was the first geological map of that coast, for which Czerski was awarded a gold medal by the Russian Academy of Sciences . He received three medals in total during his career. He received an international award from

252-625: Is believed there are at least 123 species of fish from 23 families inhabiting the Amur. The majority are of the Gobioninae subfamily of Cypriniformes , followed in number by Salmonidae . Several of the species are endemic . Pseudaspius and Mesocottus are monotypic genera found only in the Amur and some nearby coastal rivers. Other animals inhabiting this region include the Amur falcon , Amur leopard and Amur tiger ; while some notable local flora include Amur cork tree , Amur maple and

294-673: Is considered his mentor, he was able to join the Russian Geographical Society . He secured a job at a local museum and took part in several expeditions, gaining both experience and prominence. He took part in expeditions to the Sayan Mountains , Irkut River Valley and the Lower Tunguska River. During four expeditions (1877–1881) Czerski explored the valley of the Selenga river and published

336-586: The Amur honeysuckle . Four species of the Acipenseridae family can be found: the kaluga , Amur sturgeon , Sakhalin sturgeon and sterlet . The Kaluga and Amur sturgeon are endemic. The sterlet was introduced from the Ob in the 1950s. This region is home to the Kaluga fish ( Acipenseriformes ). Flowing across northeast Asia for over 4,444 kilometres (2,761 mi) (including its two tributaries), from

378-632: The Argun . The Russian proselytization of Orthodox Christianity to the indigenous peoples along the Amur was viewed as a threat by the Qing. The Amur region remained a relative backwater of the Qing Empire for the next century and a half, with Aigun being practically the only major town on the river. Russians re-appeared on the river in the mid-19th century, forcing the Manchus to yield all lands north of

420-789: The Belarusian minority in Russia is named after Jan Czerski. A street in Vilnius , Lithuania , is named after Jan Czerski, Jonas Čerskis . The full list of Czerski's works contains 97 positions. Over a hundred published works have been dedicated to him. Amur River The Amur is an important river for the aquatic fauna of Northeast Asia. The river basin is home to a variety of large predatory fish such as northern snakehead , Amur pike , taimen , Amur catfish , predatory carp and yellowcheek , as well as several species of trout and anadromous salmonids . The largest fish species in

462-692: The Han Chinese , who sometimes collectively described them as the Wild Jurchens . The Chinese-language term Yúpí Dázi 魚皮韃子 ("Fish-skin Tatars") came to apply to the Nanais and related groups as well, owing to their traditional clothes made of fish skins. The Mongols, ruling the region as the Yuan dynasty , established a tenuous military presence on the lower Amur in the 13th and 14th centuries; ruins of

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504-622: The Kangxi era of 1661–1722, they turned their attention to their north-Manchurian backyard. Aigun was re-established near the supposed Ming site in about 1683–84, and a military expeditions went upstream to dislodge the Russians, whose Albazin establishment deprived the Manchu rulers of the tribute of sable pelts that the Solons and Daurs of the area would supply otherwise. Albazin fell during

546-779: The Northeast Science Station , an Arctic research station in Russia Chersky Range , a mountain chain in northeastern Siberia Chersky Range (Transbaikalia) Mount Chersky , the highest peak of the Baikal Mountains Chersky Peak , a mountain in Irkutsk Oblast Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Chersky . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

588-852: The Omolon River . Several landmarks in Siberia were named in his honour, including: In 2016, after being acquired by Gazprom , the pipe-layer "Jascon 18" was renamed " Akademik Cherskiy ". Three species of anomal fossils were named after him: Osteolepis tscherskii ( fish ), Leperditia czerskii ( crustacean ) and Polyptchites tscherskii] ( ammonite ) as well as numerous extant species, including cyprinid fish Sarcocheilichthys czerskii , sculpin Cottus czerskii , char Salvelinus czerskii , Baikal endemic amphipod Eulimnogammarus czerskii and bumblebee Bombus czerskii . The Irkutsk -based Jan Czerski Belarusian Culture Society , an organization of

630-672: The Sino–Soviet political split of 1956–1966. For many centuries, inhabitants of the Amur Valley comprised the Tungusic ( Evenki , Solon , Ducher , Jurchen , Nanai , Ulch ), Mongol ( Daur ) people, some Ainu and, near its mouth, the Nivkhs . For many of these groups, fishing in the Amur and its tributaries was the main source of their livelihood. Until the 17th century these peoples were not known to Europeans, and little known to

672-624: The University of Bologna , Italy. Czerski later put forward the idea for the development of topographic reliefs (1878) and produced one of the first analyses of the tectonics of central Asia (1886) and pioneered geomorphological evolution theory. In 1878 he married Marfa Pavlovna Ivanova, a native of Siberia. In 1883 he was pardoned by the Russian government, and later regained his nobility status. He lived in Irkutsk until 1886, working in

714-576: The arroyo of Mutnaya Protoka, and the water will meet the Argun River (Ergune) after about 30 kilometres (19 mi). The Amur Basin of the Kherlen − Argun −Amur River system has a total length of 5,052 km (3,139 mi) to its river mouth on the Sea of Okhotsk . The largest tributaries of the Amur are, from source to mouth: There are also numerous lakes in the floodplain of the Amur. Some of

756-526: The mountains of northeastern China to the Sea of Okhotsk (near Nikolayevsk-na-Amure ), it drains a remarkable watershed that includes diverse landscapes of desert , steppe , tundra , and taiga , eventually emptying into the Pacific Ocean through the Strait of Tartary, where the mouth of the river faces the northern end of the island of Sakhalin . The Amur has always been closely associated with

798-605: The Amur in writings about his journey to Sakhalin Island in 1890. The average annual discharge varies from 6,000 cubic metres per second (210,000 cu ft/s) (1980) to 12,000 cubic metres per second (420,000 cu ft/s) (1957), leading to an average 9,819 cubic metres per second (346,800 cu ft/s) or 310 cubic kilometres (74 cu mi) per year. The maximum runoff measured occurred in Oct 1951 with 30,700 cubic metres per second (1,080,000 cu ft/s) whereas

840-522: The Amur is the kaluga , a sturgeon that is one of the largest freshwater fish in the world, attaining a length as great as 5.6 m (18 ft). It is also home to the northernmost populations of the Amur softshell turtle and Indian lotus . The Russian name Amur may come from the Tungusic term for “river”. Tungusic peoples are an ethno-linguistic group formed by the speakers of Tungusic languages (or Manchu–Tungus languages). They are native to Siberia and Northeast Asia . The etymology of

882-711: The Amur will connect Tongjiang with Nizhneleninskoye , a village in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast . The Chinese portion of the bridge was finished in July 2016. In December 2016, work began on the Russian portion of the bridge. Completion of structural link between the two sides of the bridge was completed in March 2019. Opening to rail traffic has been repeatedly delayed, with the December 2019 estimate being "the end of 2020", and then 3rd quarter of 2021. It

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924-640: The Russian government. Czerski was then forcibly conscripted into the Russian Army and sentenced to be exiled to Siberia in Blagoveshchensk near the Amur River . He never made it to Blagoveshchensk, but was detached instead to serve in a formation near Omsk . During this time he was befriended by several Poles living in exile in the Omsk region, including: Marczewski and Kwiatkowski, as well as

966-521: The Udeghes, Ulchis, and Nanais. Russian Cossack expeditions led by Vassili Poyarkov and Yerofey Khabarov explored the Amur and its tributaries in 1643–44 and 1649–51, respectively. The Cossacks established the fort of Albazin on the upper Amur, at the site of the former capital of the Solons . At the time, the Manchus were busy with conquering China ; but a few decades later, during

1008-632: The cities of Blagoveshchensk in Russia and Heihe in China, it widens significantly as it is joined by one of its most important tributaries the Zeya . The Amur arcs to the east and turns southeast again at the confluence with the Bureya , then does not receive another significant tributary for nearly 250 kilometres (160 mi) before its confluence with its largest tributary, the Songhua , at Tongjiang . At

1050-499: The confluence of its two major affluents, the Shilka and the Argun (or Ergune) , at an elevation of 303 metres (994 ft). It flows east forming the border between China and Russia, and slowly makes a great arc to the southeast for about 400 kilometres (250 mi), receiving many tributaries and passing many small towns. At Huma, it is joined by a major tributary, the Huma He . Afterwards it continues to flow south until, between

1092-567: The confluence with the Songhua the river turns northeast, now flowing towards Khabarovsk , where it joins the Ussuri and ceases to define the Russia–China border. Now the river spreads out dramatically into a braided character, flowing north-northeast through a wide valley in eastern Russia, passing Amursk and Komsomolsk-on-Amur . The valley narrows after about 200 kilometres (120 mi) and

1134-655: The early 1430s, re-building (twice) the Yongning Temple and obtaining at least the nominal allegiance of the lower Amur's tribes to the Ming government. Some sources report also a Chinese presence during the same period on the middle Amur – a fort existed at Aigun for about 20 years during the Yongle era on the left (northwestern) shore of the Amur downstream from the mouth of the Zeya River. This Ming Dynasty Aigun

1176-571: The east-Siberian section of the Russian Geographical Society. In 1886, he fell ill with progressive tuberculosis and partial paralysis . He was allowed to move to Saint Petersburg , where he joined the St Petersburg Science Academy. Despite his failing health he took time during his travel from Irkutsk to Petersburg to carefully document the geological details along the way. During this period he

1218-746: The first map of Lake Baikal . Son of Xenia and Dominik Czerski, members of the Lithuanian-Polish nobility , he was born in Vitebsk Governorate, Russian Empire (now Belarus ). At the age of 18, as a high-school student of the Institute for Nobles in Vilnius , he took part in the January Uprising (1863–1864). He was captured and taken prisoner on 28 April 1863, and then stripped of his noble status, his lands confiscated and repossessed by another family member loyal to

1260-496: The island of Sakhalin at its mouth, and most names for the island, even in the languages of the indigenous peoples of the region, are derived from the name of the river: "Sakhalin" derives from a Tungusic dialectal form cognate with Manchu sahaliyan ("black", as in sahaliyan ula , "Black River"), while Ainu and Japanese "Karaputo" or " Karafuto " is derived from the Ainu name of the Amur or its mouth. Anton Chekhov vividly described

1302-513: The largest ones are Bolon , Khummi and Udyl . The main tributaries from the mouth: tributary tributary (km) (km ) (m /s) Amur– Shilka – Onon : 4,354 km; Amur– Argun – Hailar –Dayan: 4,444 km; Amur–Argun– Dalan Orom – Kherlen : 5,052 km; Many historical references distinguish two geopolitical entities in the area of the Amur: Manchuria ( Northeast China ) and Outer Manchuria . The Chinese province of Heilongjiang on

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1344-523: The latter name, meaning "black water", being the basis of the modern Chinese name Heilongjiang or " Black Dragon River", while the Manchurian name Sahaliyan Ula , the Mongolian names "Amar mörön" (Cyrillic: Амар мөрөн) originates from the name "Amar" meaning to rest and Khar mörön (Cyrillic: Хар мөрөн) mean Black River. The river rises in the hills in the western part of Northeast China at

1386-657: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chersky&oldid=1200059257 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Jan Czerski Jan Stanisław Franciszek Czerski , also Ivan Dementievich Chersky or Yan Dominikovich Chersky ( Russian : Иван Дементьевич Черский , Ян Доминикович Черский; 15 May [ O.S. 3 May] 1845 – 25 June [ O.S. 7 July] 1892)

1428-674: The name Amur is unknown. One theory dictates that it comes to Russian through either the Evenki word amur or the Even word amar , both meaning "river" in their respective Tungusic languages. However, it is unclear whether Russian borrowed the name Amur from either Tungusic language rather than the other way around. An alternative theory suggests that Amur comes from the Mongolic language Dagur's , word for "big river," mur . Its ancient Chinese names were Yushui , Wanshui and Heishui , with

1470-590: The river again flows north onto plains at the confluence with the Amgun . Shortly after, the Amur turns sharply east and into an estuary at Nikolayevsk-on-Amur , about 20 kilometres (12 mi) downstream of which it flows into the Strait of Tartary . During years with heavy precipitation, the Amur river system is connected with the Kherlen river. The normally exit−less endorheic lake Hulun Lake , into which Kherlen flows, will overflow at its northern shore through

1512-477: The river ice. In 1941 a railway tunnel was added as well. Later, a combined road and rail bridge over the Amur at Komsomolsk-on-Amur (1975; 1400 m) and the road and rail Khabarovsk Bridge (1999; 3890 m) were constructed. The Tongjiang-Nizhneleninskoye railway bridge was proposed in 2007 by Valery Solomonovich Gurevich , the vice-chairman of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in Russia . The railway bridge over

1554-776: The river to the Russian Empire by the Treaty of Aigun (1858). Lands east of the Ussuri and the lower Amur were acquired by Russia as well, by the Convention of Peking (1860). The first permanent bridge across the Amur, the Khabarovsk Bridge with an overall length of 2,590 metres (8,500 ft), was completed in 1916, allowing the trains on the Trans-Siberian Railway to cross the river year-round without using ferries or rail tracks on top of

1596-401: The south bank of the river takes its name from the river, as does the Russian Amur Oblast on the north bank. The native Manchu people and their Qing Empire of China, who regarded this river as sacred, use the name Sahaliyan Ula (Black River). The Amur is an important symbol of, and geopolitical factor in, Chinese–Russian relations . The Amur became especially prominent in the period of

1638-419: Was a Russian and Polish paleontologist , osteologist , geologist , geographer and explorer of Siberia . He was exiled to Transbaikalia for participating in the January Uprising of 1863. A self-taught scientist, he eventually received three gold medals from the Russian Geographical Society , and his name was given to a settlement, two mountain ranges, several peaks and other sites. He authored

1680-399: Was appointed head of an expedition to explore the Yana , Indigirka and Kolyma river basins. He collected and catalogued over 2,500 ancient bones, publishing a large work on Quaternary Period mammals in 1888, followed by an even larger work on Siberian mammal fossils in 1891. He died on 25 June 1892 during an expedition to the Kolyma , Yana and Indigirka Rivers . He was buried near

1722-553: Was located on the opposite bank to the later Aigun that was later relocated during the Qing Dynasty . In any event, the Ming presence on the Amur was as short-lived as it was tenuous; soon after the end of the Yongle era, the Ming dynasty's frontiers retreated to southern Manchuria. Chinese cultural and religious influence such as Chinese New Year, the "Chinese god", Chinese motifs like the dragon, spirals, scrolls, and material goods like agriculture, husbandry, heating, iron cooking-pots, silk, and cotton spread among Amur natives such as

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1764-433: Was refused entry to university; his publications and his first attempt to join the Russian Geographical Society were also rejected. For the next two years he was forced to work as a teacher in Omsk, having been denied the right to leave the area. In 1871 he received permission to move to Irkutsk where he met other Polish exiles, turned scholars, Aleksander Czekanowski and Benedykt Dybowski . With their help, Czekanowski

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