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30-632: The first Municipal Court of Chicago was formed in 1837 by the same act of the Government of Illinois that incorporated the City of Chicago. It was a court of general civil and criminal jurisdiction, operating concurrently with the Circuit Court in the city. The court was part of an effort to create a more organized and efficient judicial system for the rapidly growing city. However, it was abolished in 1839, just two years after its establishment, due to

60-498: A British Bill of Rights and the UK Parliament debated a Bill of Rights Bill but it was not passed into legislation. Australia is the only common law country with neither a constitutional nor federal legislative bill of rights to protect its citizens, although there is ongoing debate in many of Australia's states. In 1973, Federal Attorney-General Lionel Murphy introduced a human rights Bill into parliament, although it

90-408: A limited ability to pass ordinances. Provides for financial matters including obligation of funds, budgeting, spending, and audits. Provides rules for various forms of taxation and state debt. Establishes the goal of free schooling through secondary education and creates a state board of education. Grants each person the "right to a healthful environment." It sets that to be public policy and

120-785: A majority on the board. Section 7 provides procedures to recall the governor. Provides rules for the Illinois General Assembly . Section 1 divides the assembly into two bodies, the Illinois Senate with 59 legislative districts, and the Illinois House of Representatives , with 118 representative districts. Section 2 describes the composition of the two bodies. Section 3 describes legislative redistricting procedures. Section 9 describes procedures involving executive vetoes of legislation. Section 14 describes impeachment rules, under which Governor Blagojevich

150-684: A rapidly growing urban area. The court handled a wide array of cases, including civil claims, misdemeanors, and small claims, providing a crucial service to the residents of Chicago. A 1964 amendment to the Illinois Constitution reorganized the courts of Illinois, and the Municipal Court of Chicago ceased to exist, with it and Cook County's other 161 courts being folded into the Cook County Circuit Court . Illinois Constitution The Constitution of

180-533: Is uncertain where the subsequent meeting was held. However, John Reynolds later noted that the meeting was largely peaceful although there were questions about how to handle slavery. Succeeding constitutions were ratified in 1848 , 1870 and 1970 . In 1862 a constitutional convention was held, but the changes known as the " Copperhead constitution" were not ratified by the voters. Thomas J. Turner and Tazewell B. Tanner were delegates to an 1863 Illinois constitutional convention. A constitutional convention

210-856: The Habeas Corpus Act 1679 and the Bill of Rights 1689 (English Bill of Rights) established certain rights in statute. In the Thirteen Colonies , the English Bill of Rights was one of the influences on the 1776 Virginia Declaration of Rights , which in turn influenced the United States Declaration of Independence later that year. After the Constitution of the United States was adopted in 1789,

240-601: The Middle Ages and earlier. An example is Magna Carta , an English legal charter agreed between the King and his barons in 1215. In the early modern period , there was renewed interest in Magna Carta . English common law judge Sir Edward Coke revived the idea of rights based on citizenship (see history of citizenship ) by arguing that Englishmen had historically enjoyed such rights . The Petition of Right 1628 ,

270-855: The United States Bill of Rights was ratified in 1791. The U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights were influenced by British constitutional history . Inspired by the Age of Enlightenment , the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen asserted the universality of rights. It was adopted in 1789 by France's National Constituent Assembly , during the period of the French Revolution . The 20th century saw different groups draw on these earlier documents for influence when drafting

300-894: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights , the European Convention on Human Rights and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child . The constitution of the United Kingdom remains uncodified. However, the Bill of Rights 1689 is part of UK law. The Human Rights Act 1998 also incorporates the rights contained in the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law. In the 21st century, there were proposals for

330-563: The 1970 Constitution include the creation of home rule powers for larger municipalities and other units of local government. The 1970 Constitution has a preamble and 14 articles. The preamble of the 1970 Constitution is as follows: We, the People of the State of Illinois—grateful to Almighty God for the civil, political and religious liberty which He has permitted us to enjoy and seeking His blessing upon our endeavors—in order to provide for

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360-457: The State of Illinois is the governing document of the state of Illinois . There have been four Illinois Constitutions; the fourth and current version was adopted in 1970 . The current constitution is referred to as the "Constitution of Illinois of 1970" or less formally as the "1970 Constitution." The document is still referred to as the "Constitution of Illinois of 1970" even though there have been amendments to it after 1970. Important features of

390-498: The State of Illinois. The bill of rights and contains similar provisions as the United States Bill of Rights , such as freedom of religion, freedom of speech and freedom of assembly. It also contains items not included in the United States Constitution like section 18, which prohibits discrimination based on sex and section 19, which prohibits discrimination based on physical or mental handicaps. Describes

420-581: The citizens of a country. The purpose is to protect those rights against infringement from public officials and private citizens . Bills of rights may be entrenched or unentrenched . An entrenched bill of rights cannot be amended or repealed by a country's legislature through regular procedure, instead requiring a supermajority or referendum; often it is part of a country's constitution, and therefore subject to special procedures applicable to constitutional amendments. The history of legal charters asserting certain rights for particular groups goes back to

450-589: The city from the jurisdiction of the remaining suburban justice of the peace courts in Cook County. To accommodate the new court temporarily, the Municipal Courts Building was constructed on Michigan Avenue . The Municipal Court of Chicago was significant not only for its jurisdiction over various types of cases but also for its role in judicial reform. It aimed to provide a more efficient and organized system for handling legal matters in

480-604: The city of Chicago, it may abolish the offices of justices of the peace, police magistrates, and constables in and for the territory within said city.” Soon after, an association known as the Chicago Charter Convention elected a committee to draft and push the passage of an act establishing municipal courts in the City of Chicago. A Municipal Court Act was passed by the General Assembly and was signed by Governor Charles S. Deneen on May 18, 1905. It

510-456: The division of powers into executive , legislative and judicial branches. Describes voting qualifications, disqualifications and other election rules. Section 1 stipulates that a person must be 18 years old and a resident of the state for 30 days to vote. Section 4 provides for the Illinois General Assembly to establish rules for elections . Section 5 establishes rules for the state board of election, requiring for no political party to have

540-473: The duty of individuals to that a healthful environment is maintained. Sets rules for the state militia : "The State militia consists of all able-bodied persons residing in the State except those exempted by law." It establishes the governor as the commander in chief of the militia and grants authority to use the militia to "enforce the laws, suppress insurrection or repel invasion." Establishes rules for persons holding public office. Section 5 prohibits reducing

570-400: The election of constitutional officers, did not take effect for several years. Important features of the fourth Illinois Constitution include the creation of home rule powers for larger municipalities and other units of local government. Bill of rights A bill of rights , sometimes called a declaration of rights or a charter of rights , is a list of the most important rights to

600-436: The election were whether it was sensible to have a constitution at that time and, if so, whether to form it and how to select appropriate representatives to frame it. Madison , St. Clair , and Gallatin counties were allocated three delegates each, while all other counties were allocated two delegates each. Delegates elected were to attend a meeting at Kaskaskia on August 3. Any record of this election has been lost and it

630-425: The health, safety and welfare of the people; maintain a representative and orderly government; eliminate poverty and inequality; assure legal, social and economic justice; provide opportunity for the fullest development of the individual; insure domestic tranquility; provide for the common defense; and secure the blessings of freedom and liberty to ourselves and our posterity—do ordain and establish this Constitution for

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660-435: The measure. 1,069,939 other voters chose neither option. In 2008, there was an effort by citizens to support a convention. Ultimately, the measure was also defeated by a wide margin, 1,493,203 votes for and 3,062,724 against from a total of 5,539,172 votes cast. 983,245 voters chose neither option. (Source: Southwestern Illinois College . Constitution study Guide . The Illinois Constitution .) When statehood for Illinois

690-451: The pension benefits of public employees. Section 7 provides for public transportation and allows the General Assembly to spend money to provide it. Describes procedures for amending the constitution. Section 1 describes rules for constitutional conventions. This article requires that Illinois voters be asked at least every 20 years if they desire a constitutional convention . In 1988 the measure failed 900,109 votes for and 2,727,144 against

720-399: The race saw separate elections divided by the duration of terms, with separate elections being held for sets of two-year, four-year, and six-year seats. The court commenced operation on December 3, 1906. It was seen as the first of its kind in the United States, and a model for many other municipal courts. The creation of the court replaced the city's justice of the peace courts and removed

750-562: The reorganization of the judicial system. In 1904, an amendment to the Illinois Constitution empowered the Illinois General Assembly to "pass any law (local, special or general) providing a scheme or charter of local municipal government for the territory now or hereafter embraced within the limits of the city of Chicago," and stated that, "in case the General Assembly shall create municipal courts in

780-484: Was approved on April 18, 1818, the U.S. Congress approved the formation of a state constitution. An election for delegates to a state constitutional convention was scheduled for July 6, 1818. All white male U.S. citizens who had resided in the Illinois Territory for at least six months prior to the election, or whom were otherwise qualified to vote for representation, were permitted to vote. The main topics of

810-403: Was held in 1920, but in 1922 the changes were rejected by voters. The Sixth Illinois Constitutional Convention convened on December 8, 1969 and concluded on September 3, 1970. The resulting fourth version of the Illinois Constitution was ratified by special election on December 15, 1970 , and went into effect on July 1, 1971. However, some provisions, such as the change in the dates for

840-635: Was impeached in the House and removed from office after a trial in the Senate. Describes rules for the six state elected members, Governor , Lieutenant Governor , Attorney General , Secretary of State , Comptroller , and Treasurer . Sets up rules for Supreme Court of Illinois , the Illinois Appellate Court , and the circuit or trial courts of Illinois. Provides rules for county, township, and city governments and provides them with

870-610: Was never passed. In 1984, Senator Gareth Evans drafted a Bill of Rights, but it was never introduced into parliament, and in 1985, Senator Lionel Bowen introduced a bill of rights, which was passed by the House of Representatives , but failed to pass the Senate . Former Australian Prime Minister John Howard has argued against a bill of rights for Australia on the grounds it would transfer power from elected politicians to unelected judges and bureaucrats . Victoria , Queensland and

900-400: Was ratified by voters of Chicago on November 7, 1905. The court had jurisdiction over civil claims for money or property, as well as non-felony criminal cases. Further legislation was passed in 1906 and 1907 to expand the court's capabilities and jurisdiction. On November 6, 1906, an election was held to elect a chief justice and 27 associate justices. To provide for staggered future elections,

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