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85-533: The Chicago Symphony Chorus gave its informal debut at a private concert for donors on November 30, 1957. Reiner conducted the first half of the concert and Hillis took the podium for the second half, becoming the first woman to conduct the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. She led the orchestra and chorus in the final section of Henry Purcell 's Ode for Saint Cecilia’s Day , Randall Thompson 's Alleluia and William Billings 's Modern Music , and

170-497: A bombard and a biniou (bagpipe), is usually played at festoù-noz ( Fest Noz ) celebrations (some are famous, such as Printemps de Chateauneuf Archived 2004-03-31 at the Wayback Machine ). It is swift dance music and has an older vocal counterpart called kan ha diskan . Unaccompanied call and response singing was interspersed with the gwerz , a form of ballad . Probably the most popular form of Breton folk

255-496: A music festival held annually near Châteauroux , has been a focal point for the music of Auvergne and Limousin. The regions of Morvan and Nivernais have produced some traditional stars, including Faubourg de Boignard and Les Ménétriers du Morvan , respectively. The Nivernais collector Achille Millien was also notable in the early part of the 20th century. The music of the French Basque Country (east of

340-747: A dancing master and the choreographer for the Dorset Garden Theatre . Priest's wife kept a boarding school for young gentlewomen, first in Leicester Fields and afterwards at Chelsea , where the opera was performed. It is occasionally considered the first genuine English opera , though that title is usually given to Blow's Venus and Adonis : as in Blow's work, the action does not progress in spoken dialogue but in Italian-style recitative . Each work runs to less than one hour. At

425-472: A few. Corsican polyphonic singing is perhaps the most unusual of the French regional music varieties. Sung by male trios, it is strongly harmonic and occasionally dissonant. Works can be either spiritual or secular. Modern groups include Canta u Populu Corsu , I Muvrini , Tavagna and Chjami Aghjalesi ; some groups have been associated with Corsican nationalism . Corsican musical instruments include

510-558: A jazz musician in the 1950s and spanned several eras of French popular music including pop, rock, reggae, new wave, disco and even hip hop. Musette is a style of French music and dance that became popular in Paris in the 1880s. Musette uses the accordion as main instrument, and often symbolizes the French art of living abroad. Émile Vacher (1883-1969) was the star of the new style. Other popular musette accordionists include Aimable Pluchard , Yvette Horner and André Verchuren . In 2001,

595-549: A libretto by John Dryden) is featured in The Crown . Music of France#Baroque In France , music reflects a diverse array of styles. In the field of classical music , France has produced several prominent romantic composers , while folk and popular music have seen the rise of the chanson and cabaret style. The oldest playable musical recordings were made in France using the earlist known sound recording device in

680-643: A march and passepied called Quick-step , which became so popular that Lord Wharton adapted the latter to the verses of Lillibullero . In or before January 1688, Purcell composed his anthem Blessed are they that fear the Lord by the express command of the King. A few months later, he wrote the music for D'Urfey's play, The Fool's Preferment . In 1690, he composed the music for Betterton 's adaptation of Fletcher and Massinger 's Prophetess (afterwards called Dioclesian ) and Dryden's Amphitryon . In 1691, he wrote

765-659: A master of ceremonies. The first cabaret was opened in 1881 in Montmartre , Paris, by Rodolphe Salis and was called Le Chat Noir (The Black Cat). Built in 1889, Moulin Rouge is famous for the large red windmill on its roof. Other popular French cabarets include the Folies Bergère and Le Lido . Cabarets were a key venue in the careers of many singers such as Mistinguett , Josephine Baker , Charles Trenet and Edith Piaf . More recently, Patricia Kaas embodies

850-410: A mechanical violin, with keys or buttons instead of a fingerboard. It is made up of a curved, oval body, a set of keys and a curved handle, which is turned and connected to a wheel which bows the strings that are stopped by the keys. There is a moveable bridge, a variable number of drones and optional sympathetic strings . Other forms of the hurdy-gurdy are found all over Europe. The bagpipe is found in

935-509: A member of the Duo Chabenat-Paris , who use elements such as mixed polyphonic ensembles and melodies based on the bourrée. Bernard Blanc and Jean Blanchard, along with Éric Montbel from Lyon, were among the musicians who formed the basis of La Bamboche and Le Grand Rouge . It was these two bands who did more than anyone to revitalize the traditions of Central France during the 1970s folk revival . The festival of St. Chartier ,

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1020-410: A more experimental approach. These performers refer to a former tradition collected and restored by figures such as Etxahun Iruri (1908–1979) where singing improviser poets ( bertsolaris ) played an important role in popular culture. This bertsolari tradition relies almost exclusively on younger generations, and efforts are being made now to restore it along the lines of the "southern" tradition, i.e. of

1105-483: A musical influence on the young Purcell. Henry was a chorister in the Chapel Royal until his voice broke in 1673 when he became assistant to the organ-builder John Hingston , who held the post of keeper of wind instruments to the King. Purcell is said to have been composing at nine years old, but the earliest work that can be certainly identified as his is an ode for the King's birthday, written in 1670, when he

1190-583: A popular wedding processional was incorrectly attributed to Purcell for many years. The so-called Purcell's Trumpet Voluntary was in fact written around 1700 by a British composer named Jeremiah Clarke as the Prince of Denmark's March . Music for the Funeral of Queen Mary was reworked by Wendy Carlos for the title music of the 1971 film by Stanley Kubrick, A Clockwork Orange . The 1973 Rolling Stone review of Jethro Tull 's A Passion Play compared

1275-470: A prominent opera composer, wrote an influential treatise on musical theory, especially in the subject of harmony ; he also introduced the clarinet into his orchestras. In the late Renaissance and early Baroque period, a type of popular secular vocal music called Air de cour spread throughout France. The first French opera may be Akébar roi du Mogol , first performed in Carpentras in 1646. It

1360-475: A setting of the birthday ode for Queen Mary , Arise, my muse and four years later wrote one of his most elaborate, important and magnificent works – a setting for another birthday ode for the Queen, written by Nahum Tate, entitled Come Ye Sons of Art . In 1687, he resumed his connection with the theatre by furnishing the music for John Dryden 's tragedy Tyrannick Love . In this year, Purcell also composed

1445-684: A sustained musical setting of a dramatic text. It was his only opportunity to compose a work in which the music carried the entire drama. The story of Dido and Aeneas derives from the original source in Virgil's epic the Aeneid . During the early part of 1679, he produced two important works for the stage, the music for Nathaniel Lee 's Theodosius , and Thomas d'Urfey 's Virtuous Wife . In 1679, Blow, who had been appointed organist of Westminster Abbey 10 years before, resigned his office in favour of Purcell. Purcell now devoted himself almost entirely to

1530-492: A while" from Purcell's incidental music to Oedipus , Z. 583 was included in the soundtrack of the 2018 film The Favourite , along with the second movement of his Trumpet Sonata in D major, Z. 850, performed by the English Baroque Soloists , conducted by Sir John Eliot Gardiner . "What Power Art Thou" (from King Arthur, or The British Worthy (Z. 628), a semi-opera in five acts with music by Purcell and

1615-400: A wide array of forms in France. The cabrette and grande cornemuse from Auvergne and Berry are best known. These forms are found at least as far back as the 17th century. Prominent bagpipers include Bernard Blanc , Frédéric Paris and Philippe Prieur , as well as bandleader Jean Blanchard of La Grande Bande de Cornemuses and Quintette de Cornemuses . Frédéric Paris is also known as

1700-511: Is a Henry Purcell Society of Boston, which performs his music in live concert. There is a Purcell Society in London, which collects and studies Purcell manuscripts and musical scores, concentrating on producing revised versions of the scores of all his music. Purcell's works have been catalogued by Franklin Zimmerman , who gave them a number preceded by Z. So strong was his reputation that

1785-634: Is a bronze monument to Purcell, sculpted by Glynn Williams and unveiled in 1995 to mark the 300th anniversary of his death. In 2009, Purcell was selected by the Royal Mail for their "Eminent Britons" commemorative postage stamp issue. A Purcell Club was founded in London in 1836 for promoting the performance of his music but was dissolved in 1863. In 1876 a Purcell Society was founded, which published new editions of his works. A modern-day Purcell Club has been created, and provides guided tours and concerts in support of Westminster Abbey. Today there

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1870-577: Is buried adjacent to the organ in Westminster Abbey. The music that he had earlier composed for Queen Mary's funeral was performed during his funeral. Purcell was universally mourned as "a very great master of music".  Following his death, the officials at Westminster honoured him by unanimously voting that he be buried with no expense spared in the north aisle of the Abbey. His epitaph reads: "Here lyes Henry Purcell Esq., who left this life and

1955-450: Is gone to that Blessed Place where only His harmony can be exceeded." Purcell and his wife Frances had six children, four of whom died in infancy . His wife, as well as his son Edward (1689–1740) and daughter Frances, survived him. His wife Frances died in 1706, having published a number of her husband's works, including the now-famous collection called Orpheus Britannicus , in two volumes, printed in 1698 and 1702, respectively. Edward

2040-625: Is the bagad pipe band, which features native instruments such as biniou and bombard alongside drums and, in more modern groups, biniou braz pipes. Modern revivalists include Kevrenn Alre Bagad and Bagad Kemper . Alan Stivell is perhaps the most influential folk-rock performer of continental Europe. After 1971's Renaissance of the Celtic Harp , Breton and other Celtic traditional music achieved mainstream success internationally. With Dan Ar Braz , he then released Chemins de Terre (1974), which launched Breton folk-rock. This set

2125-487: Is the anthem They that go down to the sea in ships. In gratitude for the providential escape of King Charles II from shipwreck, Gostling, who had been of the royal party, put together some verses from the Psalms in the form of an anthem and requested Purcell to set them to music. The challenging work opens with a passage which traverses the full extent of Gostling's range, beginning on the upper D and descending two octaves to

2210-579: The caramusa ( cornemuse bagpipe), cetera (16-stringed lute ), mandulina ( mandolin ), pifana (a type of gemshorn ) and urganettu (diatonic accordion ). The 20th century saw the apogee of the Cabaret style with Yvette Guilbert as a major star. The era lasted through to the 1930s and saw the likes of Édith Piaf , Charles Trenet , Maurice Chevalier , Tino Rossi , Félix Mayol , Lucienne Boyer , Marie-Louise Damien , Marie Dubas , Fréhel , Georges Guibourg and Jean Sablon . During

2295-573: The Basque Country ) should be considered against a Pyrenean cultural background. Up to recent times and still ttun-ttun and xirula should be highlighted in traditional folk music (especially in the province of Soule ) as a tabor and pipe like pair. Mixel Etxekopar or Jean Mixel Bedaxagar have played a major role in Basque traditional music as xirula players as well as traditional singers. Other popular performers such as Benat Achiary take on

2380-607: The Occitan language between the 10th and 13th centuries, and the Trouvère poet-composers flourished in Northern France during this period. The fiddle was their instrument of choice. By the end of the 12th century, a form of song called the motet arose, accompanied by traveling musicians called jongleurs . In the 14th century, France produced two notable styles of music, Ars Nova and Ars Subtilior Burgundy , which

2465-648: The Pays de Nantes , the provinces of Vendée , Anjou and Maine , and the Poitou-Charentes region. Traditions of ballad -singing, dance-songs and fiddle -playing have survived, predominantly in Poitou and the Vendée. Jérôme Bujeaud collected extensively in the area, and his 2-volume work "Chants et chansons populaires des provinces de l'ouest: Poitou , Saintonge , Aunis et Angoumois " ( Niort , 1866) remains

2550-566: The Spanish Basque Country . Music from the Basque Country nowadays caters to almost all the tastes of music, with a wide range of music being played in Basque, from choral music ( Oldarra in Biarritz ) to elaborate music bands (e.g. Bidaia) to ska or hardcore trends, while it is much praised lately for the fine bare voices that have arisen with the likes of Maddi Oihenart, Maialen Errotabehere or Amaren Alabak, to mention but

2635-530: The soundtrack of the 2005 film version of Pride and Prejudice features a dance titled "A Postcard to Henry Purcell". This is a version by composer Dario Marianelli of Purcell's Abdelazar theme. In the German-language 2004 movie, Downfall , the music of Dido's Lament is used repeatedly as Nazi Germany collapses . The 2012 film Moonrise Kingdom contains Benjamin Britten 's version of

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2720-515: The "Servants' Chorus" from Gaetano Donizetti ’s Don Pasquale . Eighty-one-year-old Bruno Walter led the chorus in its official debut concerts at Orchestra Hall on March 13 and 14, 1958, a performance of Mozart's Requiem . A few weeks later, on April 3, 4,and 8, 1958, Reiner himself led the chorus for the first time in a performance of Verdi's Requiem . The chorus made its first commercial recording for RCA — Sergei Prokofiev ’s Alexander Nevsky - on March 7, 1959, with Fritz Reiner conducting

2805-667: The 1970s, new artists modernized the chanson Française ( Michel Fugain , Renaud , Francis Cabrel , Alain Souchon , Jacques Higelin , Alain Chamfort , Joe Dassin ) and also in the 80s ( Étienne Daho , Têtes Raides ) till now ( Benjamin Biolay , Zaz , Vincent Delerm , Bénabar , Jean-Louis Murat , Miossec , Juliette, Mano Solo , Jacques Higelin, Matthieu Chedid , Mathieu Boogaerts , Daniel Darc , Maurane , Christina Goh , Renan Luce ). Singer-songwriter Serge Gainsbourg began as

2890-632: The 50s and 60s, it was the golden age of Chanson Française : Juliette Gréco , Mireille Mathieu , Georges Brassens , Jacques Brel , Gilbert Bécaud , Monique Serf (Barbara), Léo Ferré , Charles Aznavour and Alain Barrière . The Yéyé style was popular in the 1950s and 60s with Sheila , Claude François and Françoise Hardy . Cabaret is a typical form of French musical entertainment featuring chanson , music , dance , comedy and spectacles . The audience usually sits at tables, often dining or drinking, and performances are sometimes introduced by

2975-461: The Auvergne and Limousin retained the most vibrant folk traditions of the area. As an example of the area's diversity, the bourrée can come in either duple or triple meter; the latter is found in the south of the region, and is usually improvised with bagpipes and hurdy-gurdy, while the former is found in the north and includes virtuoso players. The hurdy-gurdy, or vielle-à-roue , is essentially

3060-526: The Burial Service was written in the style of "the great Master". Croft preserved Purcell's setting of "Thou knowest Lord" (Z 58) in his service, for reasons "obvious to any artist"; it has been sung at every British state funeral ever since. More recently, the English poet Gerard Manley Hopkins wrote a famous sonnet entitled simply "Henry Purcell", with a headnote reading: "The poet wishes well to

3145-711: The Funeral of Queen Mary . Besides the operas and semi-operas already mentioned, Purcell wrote the music and songs for Thomas d'Urfey's The Comical History of Don Quixote , Bonduca , The Indian Queen and others, a vast quantity of sacred music, and numerous odes , cantatas , and other miscellaneous pieces. The quantity of his instrumental chamber music is minimal after his early career, and his keyboard music consists of an even more minimal number of harpsichord suites and organ pieces. In 1693, Purcell composed music for two comedies: The Old Bachelor , and The Double Dealer . Purcell also composed for five other plays within

3230-610: The Orchestra is based on a theme from Purcell's Abdelazar . Stylistically, the aria "I know a bank" from Britten's opera A Midsummer Night's Dream is clearly inspired by Purcell's aria "Sweeter than Roses", which Purcell originally wrote as part of incidental music to Richard Norton's Pausanias , the Betrayer of His Country . In a 1940 interview Ignaz Friedman stated that he considered Purcell as great as Bach and Beethoven . In Victoria Street, Westminster, England, there

3315-463: The Rev. John Gostling , then at Canterbury , but afterwards a gentleman of His Majesty's Chapel. Purcell wrote several anthems at different times for Gostling's extraordinary basso profondo voice, which is known to have had a range of at least two full octaves , from D below the bass staff to the D above it. The dates of very few of these sacred compositions are known; perhaps the most notable example

3400-612: The Rondeau in Purcell's Abdelazar created for his 1946 The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra . In 2013, the Pet Shop Boys released their single " Love Is a Bourgeois Construct " incorporating one of the same ground basses from King Arthur used by Michael Nyman in his The Draughtsman's Contract score. Olivia Chaney performs her adaptation of "There's Not a Swain" on her CD "The Longest River". The song "Music for

3485-759: The Underworld is the tune most associated with the Cancan . The Cancan first appeared in the working-class ballrooms of Montparnasse in Paris in around 1830. It was a more lively version of the Galop , a dance in quick 2/4 time , which often featured as the final figure in the Quadrille . Chanson Française is the typical style of French music (chanson means "song" in French) and is still very popular in France. Some of

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3570-570: The West of France include the courante , or maraichine, and the bal saintongeais. Bourrées in triple time have been noted in the 19th century by Bujeaud, and more recently, in Angoumois. Circle- or chain-dances accompanied by caller-and-response singing have been noted in the West, and also in other regions such as Gascony , Normandy and Brittany . Notable contemporary folk musicians include Christian Pacher and Claude Ribouillault (Poitou) and

3655-543: The best-known and most popular operas. Claude Balbastre was an organist, harpsichordist and fortepianist. He was one of the most famous musicians of his time. Henri-Montan Berton , son of Pierre, is principally remembered as a composer of operas, most of which were first performed at the Opéra-Comique. Chélard earned his living for much of his career as a violist at the Paris Opera. His 1827 opera Macbeth

3740-551: The chorus have won ten Grammy Awards from the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences for best choral performance. These recordings include hallmarks of the choral repertoire, ranging from Ludwig van Beethoven 's Missa solemnis to Johann Sebastian Bach 's Mass in B Minor , and two recordings each of Brahms's A German Requiem and Verdi's Requiem . Women of the chorus (prepared by Duain Wolfe ) appeared on

3825-403: The composition of sacred music, and for six years severed his connection with the theatre. He had probably written his two important stage works before taking up his new office. Soon after Purcell's marriage in 1682, on the death of Edward Lowe, he was appointed organist of the Chapel Royal, an office which he was able to hold simultaneously with his position at Westminster Abbey. His eldest son

3910-490: The compositions Hail! Bright Cecilia (1692), Come Ye Sons of Art (1694) and Funeral Sentences and Music for the Funeral of Queen Mary (1695). After his death, Purcell was honoured by many of his contemporaries, including his old friend John Blow , who wrote An Ode, on the Death of Mr. Henry Purcell (Mark how the lark and linnet sing) with text by his old collaborator, John Dryden. William Croft 's 1724 setting for

3995-627: The divine genius of Purcell and praises him that, whereas other musicians have given utterance to the moods of man's mind, he has, beyond that, uttered in notes the very make and species of man as created both in him and in all men generally." Purcell also had a strong influence on the composers of the English musical renaissance of the early 20th century, most notably Benjamin Britten , who arranged many of Purcell's vocal works for voice(s) and piano in Britten's Purcell Realizations , including from Dido and Aeneas , and whose The Young Person's Guide to

4080-420: The first English Te Deum ever composed with orchestral accompaniment. This work was annually performed at St Paul's Cathedral until 1712, after which it was performed alternately with Handel 's Utrecht Te Deum and Jubilate until 1743, when both works were replaced by Handel's Dettingen Te Deum . He composed an anthem and two elegies for Queen Mary II 's funeral, his Funeral Sentences and Music for

4165-592: The group La Marienne (Vendée.) Distinctly Celtic in character, the folk music of Lower Brittany has had perhaps the most successful revival of its traditions, partly thanks to the city of Lorient , which hosts France's most popular music festival: Festival Interceltique de Lorient . The documented history of Breton music begins with the publication of Barzaz-Breizh in 1839. A collection of folk songs compiled by Hersart de la Villemarqué , Barzaz-Breizh re-branded and promoted Breton traditions and helped ensure their continuity. Sonneurs couples, consisting of

4250-445: The lower. Between 1680 and 1688 Purcell wrote music for seven plays. The composition of his chamber opera Dido and Aeneas , which forms a very important landmark in the history of English dramatic music, has been attributed to this period, and its earliest production may well have predated the documented one of 1689. It was written to a libretto furnished by Nahum Tate , and performed in 1689 in cooperation with Josias Priest ,

4335-470: The major French composers of the time, and one of the most innovative composers of the early Romantic era, was Hector Berlioz . In the late 19th century, pioneers such as Georges Bizet , Jules Massenet , Gabriel Fauré , Maurice Ravel and Claude Debussy revitalized French music. The last two had an enormous impact on 20th-century music - both in France and abroad - and influenced many major composers such as Béla Bartók and Igor Stravinsky . Erik Satie

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4420-406: The most important artists included: Édith Piaf , Juliette Gréco , Mireille Mathieu , Jacques Brel , Georges Brassens , Gilbert Bécaud , Monique Serf (Barbara), Léo Ferré , Charles Aznavour , Salvatore Adamo and Dalida plus the more art-house musicians like Brigitte Fontaine . Also during the 1950s one of the more representative of Montmartre cabaret singers was Suzanne Robert . During

4505-402: The most successful, including Gwerz , Bleizi Ruz , Strobinell , Sonerien Du and Tud . Central France includes the regions of Auvergne , Limousin , Morvan , Nivernais , Bourbonnais and Berry . The lands are the home to a significant bagpipe tradition, as well as the iconic hurdy-gurdy and the dance bourrée . There are deep differences between the regions of Central France, with

4590-470: The musette-style was a huge international success through the album Amélie composed by Yann Tiersen . Yéyé is a style of popular music that emerged from France in the early 1960s. The yé-yé movement had its origins in the radio programme Salut les copains , which was first aired in October 1959. Most famous Yéyé stars include Johnny Hallyday , Eddy Mitchell , Richard Anthony , Dick Rivers and

4675-678: The music for what is sometimes considered his dramatic masterpiece, King Arthur, or The British Worthy . In 1692, he composed The Fairy-Queen (an adaptation of Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream ), the score of which (his longest for theatre) was rediscovered in 1901 and published by the Purcell Society . The Indian Queen followed in 1695, in which year he also wrote songs for Dryden and Davenant's version of Shakespeare's The Tempest (recently, this has been disputed by music scholars ), probably including "Full fathom five" and "Come unto these yellow sands". The Indian Queen

4760-470: The musical style of the album with that of Purcell. In 2009 Pete Townshend of The Who , an English rock band that established itself in the 1960s, identified Purcell's harmonies, particularly the use of suspension and resolution (Townshend has mentioned Chaconne from The Gordian Knot Untied) that he had learned from producer Kit Lambert , as an influence on the band's music (in songs such as " Won't Get Fooled Again " (1971), " I Can See for Miles " (1967) and

4845-636: The orchestra was to London and Salzburg in August 1989. They performed Hector Berlioz 's The Damnation of Faust with Sir Georg Solti conducting. Ten years later, the ensemble won critical acclaim for its performances of Arnold Schoenberg 's Moses und Aron under Pierre Boulez , and Johannes Brahms 's A German Requiem under Daniel Barenboim while performing at the Berlin Festtage in April 1999. Chicago Symphony Orchestra recordings featuring

4930-522: The orchestra. The chorus made its Ravinia Festival debut on July 9, 1960, a performance of Gustav Mahler 's Symphony No. 2 ( Resurrection ) conducted by the CSO's associate conductor and Ravinia Festival artistic director Walter Hendl . The chorus had its first Carnegie Hall appearance on November 12, 1967, singing Hans Werner Henze 's The Sicilian Muses and Maurice Ravel 's Daphnis and Chloe with Jean Martinon conducting. The chorus' first tour with

5015-752: The popular girls such as France Gall , Sheila , Sylvie Vartan , and artists who fuse various music genres such as Chantal Goya , Dalida or Claude François . These were popular female teen idols , and included Françoise Hardy , who was the first to write her own songs. The more commercial and pop part of Chanson is called Variété in French, and included Vanessa Paradis , Patricia Kaas , Patrick Bruel , Marc Lavoine , Pascal Obispo , Florent Pagny , Francis Cabrel , Étienne Daho , Alain Souchon , Laurent Voulzy and Jean-Jacques Goldman . The superstar status of diva Mylène Farmer inspired pop-rock performers such as Zazie , Lorie , Alizée , and R&B singers like Nâdiya and Ophelie Winter . More recently,

5100-451: The principal scholarly collection of music and songs. In recent decades John Wright and Claude Ribouillault (amongst others) have done much to collect, analyse and promote the surviving traditions. The Marais Breton of Vendée is noted particularly for its tradition of veuze playing - which has been revived by the bagpipe -maker and player Thierry Bertrand - and for traditional singers such as Pierre Burgaud. Folk dances specific to

5185-724: The recording of Mahler's Symphony No. 3 led by the CSO's principal conductor Bernard Haitink . The recording was released in May 2007, as the first recording on the orchestra's own label, CSO Resound . Margaret Hillis led the chorus as director for 37 years and retired in 1994. Duain Wolfe became the chorus's second director in June 1994. He retired from this position at the end of February 2022. Grammy Award for Best Choral Performance Henry Purcell Henry Purcell ( / ˈ p ɜːr s əl / , rare: / p ər ˈ s ɛ l / ; c.  10 September 1659 – 21 November 1695)

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5270-476: The revival of the French cabaret style. The Cancan , also called French-Cancan , is a high-energy and physically demanding musical dance, traditionally performed by a chorus line of female dancers who wear costumes with long skirts, petticoats, and black stockings. The main features of the dance are the lifting and manipulation of the skirts, with high kicking and suggestive, provocative body movements. The Infernal Galop from Jacques Offenbach 's Orpheus in

5355-541: The same year. In July 1695, Purcell composed an ode for the Duke of Gloucester for his sixth birthday. The ode is titled Who can from joy refrain? Purcell's four-part sonatas were issued in 1697. In the final six years of his life, Purcell wrote music for forty-two plays. Purcell died on 21 November 1695 at his home in Marsham Street, at the height of his career. He is believed to have been 35 or 36 years old at

5440-758: The spectralist composers in the 1970s are only recently beginning to achieve wide recognition in the United States; major composers in this vein include Gérard Grisey , Tristan Murail , and Claude Vivier . Traditional styles of music have survived most in remote areas such as the island of Corsica and mountainous Auvergne, as well as the more nationalistic regions of the Basques and the Bretons . In many cases, folk traditions were revived in relatively recent years to cater to tourists. These groupes folkloriques tend to focus on very early 20th-century melodies and

5525-721: The stage for stars such as Malicorne in the ensuing decades. In later years much has been done to collect and popularize the musical traditions of the Pays Gallo of Upper Brittany , for which the singer Bertran Ôbrée , his group Ôbrée Alie and the association DASTUM must take much credit. The songs of Upper Brittany are either in French or in Gallo . Modern Breton folk music includes harpists such as Anne-Marie Jan , Anne Auffret and Myrdhin , while singers Kristen Nikolas , Andrea Ar Gouilh and Yann-Fanch Kemener have become mainstream stars. Instrumental bands, however, have been

5610-422: The success of musical television shows have spawned a new generation of young pop-music stars including Nolwenn Leroy , Grégory Lemarchal , Christophe Willem , Julien Doré and Élodie Frégé . The French-Caribbean singer Shy'm enjoys a status of popstar in France since her first album in 2006, as well as her male counterpart Matt Pokora . Notable pop-rock groups include Niagara and Indochine . Michel Sardou

5695-639: The time, Dido and Aeneas never found its way to the theatre, though it appears to have been very popular in private circles. It is believed to have been extensively copied, but only one song was printed by Purcell's widow in Orpheus Britannicus , and the complete work remained in manuscript until 1840 when it was printed by the Musical Antiquarian Society under the editorship of Sir George Macfarren . The composition of Dido and Aeneas gave Purcell his first chance to write

5780-748: The time. The cause of his death is unclear: one theory is that he caught a chill after returning home late from the theatre one night to find that his wife had locked him out. Another is that he succumbed to tuberculosis . The beginning of Purcell's will reads: In the name of God Amen. I, Henry Purcell, of the City of Westminster, gentleman, being dangerously ill as to the constitution of my body, but in good and perfect mind and memory (thanks be to God) do by these presents publish and declare this to be my last Will and Testament. And I do hereby give and bequeath unto my loving wife, Frances Purcell, all my estate both real and personal of what nature and kind soever... Purcell

5865-409: The use of the piano accordion . In 1900 in Paris, a new style of waltz emerged, the "Valse musette" an evolution of Bal-musette also known as "French Waltz". Aimable, Émile Vacher , Marcel Azzola , Yvette Horner , André Verchuren were famous accordionists who played valse musette. There is also Yann Tiersen and its Amélie (soundtrack) of Amélie from Montmartre. The West of France comprises

5950-475: The very Purcellian intro to " Pinball Wizard "). Purcell's music was widely featured as background music in the Academy Award winning 1979 film Kramer vs. Kramer , with a soundtrack on CBS Masterworks Records. The 1995 film, England, My England , tells the story of an actor who is himself writing a play about Purcell's life and music, and features many of his compositions. In the 21st century,

6035-568: The world, the phonautograph , which was patented by Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville in 1857. France is also the 5th largest market by value in the world, and its music industry has produced many internationally renowned artists, especially in the nouvelle chanson and electronic music . French music history dates back to organum in the 10th century, followed by the Notre Dame School , an organum composition style. Troubadour songs of chivalry and courtly love were composed in

6120-401: Was Cadmus from 1673. Lully's forays into operatic tragedy were accompanied by the pinnacle of French theatrical tragedy, led by Corneille and Racine . Lully also developed the common beat patterns used by conductors to this day and was the first to take the role of leading the orchestra from the position of the first violin. The French composer Georges Bizet composed Carmen , one of

6205-528: Was a flop in Paris, but a great success in Munich. Jeanne-Hippolyte Devismes married the director of the Paris Opéra. Her only known works are a song, "La Dame Jacinthe", and an opera, Praxitėle, which was a success and ran for 16 performances. Harpsichordist and composer Jacques Duphly contributed to Jean-Jacques Rousseau dictionary, for articles relating to the art of playing the harpsichord. One of

6290-431: Was a leading figure of Serialism while Messiaen incorporated Asian (particularly Indian) influences and bird song and Dutilleux translated the innovations of Debussy, Bartók and Stravinsky into his own, very personal, musical idiom. The most important French contribution to musical innovation of the past 35 years is a form of computer-assisted composition called " spectral music ". The astonishing technical advances of

6375-546: Was a musician, was a gentleman of the Chapel Royal and sang at the coronation of King Charles II of England . Henry the elder had three sons: Edward, Henry and Daniel. Daniel Purcell , the youngest of the brothers, was also a prolific composer who wrote the music for much of the final act of The Indian Queen after his brother Henry's death. The family lived just a few hundred yards west of Westminster Abbey from 1659 onwards. After his father's death in 1664, Purcell

6460-437: Was adapted from a tragedy by Dryden and Sir Robert Howard . In these semi-operas (another term for which at the time was "dramatic opera"), the main characters of the plays do not sing but speak their lines: the action moves in dialogue rather than recitative. The related songs are sung "for" them by singers, who have minor dramatic roles. Purcell's Te Deum and Jubilate Deo were written for Saint Cecilia 's Day, 1694,

6545-414: Was also a very significant composer from that era. His music is difficult to classify. The early 20th century saw neo-classical music flourish in France, especially composers such as Lili Boulanger , Nadia Boulanger , Albert Roussel and Les Six , a group of musicians who gathered around Satie. Later in the century, Olivier Messiaen , Henri Dutilleux and Pierre Boulez proved influential. The latter

6630-524: Was an English composer of Baroque music . Purcell's musical style was uniquely English, although it incorporated Italian and French elements. Generally considered among the greatest English opera composers, Purcell has been assessed with John Dunstaple and William Byrd as England's most important early music composer. Purcell was born in St Ann's Lane, Old Pye Street, Westminster in 1659. Henry Purcell Senior, whose older brother Thomas Purcell

6715-632: Was appointed organist of St Clement's, Eastcheap , London, in 1711 and was succeeded by his son Edward Henry Purcell (died 1765). Both men were buried in St Clement's near the organ gallery. Purcell worked in many genres, both in works closely linked to the court, such as symphony song, to the Chapel Royal, such as the symphony anthem, and the theatre. Among Purcell's most notable works are his opera Dido and Aeneas (1688), his semi-operas Dioclesian (1690), King Arthur (1691), The Fairy-Queen (1692) and Timon of Athens (1695), as well as

6800-421: Was born in this same year, but he was short-lived. His first printed composition, Twelve Sonatas , was published in 1683. For some years after this, he was busy in the production of sacred music, odes addressed to the king and royal family, and other similar works. In 1685, he wrote two of his finest anthems, I was glad and My heart is inditing, for the coronation of King James II . In 1690 he composed

6885-419: Was composed in 1678. It is a psalm that is prescribed for Christmas Day and also to be read at morning prayer on the fourth day of the month. In 1679, he wrote songs for John Playford 's Choice Ayres, Songs and Dialogues and an anthem, the name of which is unknown, for the Chapel Royal. From an extant letter written by Thomas Purcell we learn that this anthem was composed for the exceptionally fine voice of

6970-419: Was eleven. The dates for his compositions are often uncertain, despite considerable research. It is assumed that the three-part song Sweet tyranness, I now resign was written by him as a child. After Humfrey's death, Purcell continued his studies under John Blow . He attended Westminster School and in 1676 was appointed copyist at Westminster Abbey. Henry Purcell's earliest anthem , Lord, who can tell ,

7055-666: Was followed by the team of Pierre Perrin and Cambert , whose Pastoral in Music , performed in Issy , was a success, and the pair moved to Paris to produce Pomone (1671) and Les Peines et les Plaisirs de l'Amour (1672). Jean-Baptiste Lully , who had become well known for composing ballets for Louis XIV , began creating a French version of the Italian opera seria , a kind of tragic opera known as tragédie lyrique or tragédie en musique - see ( French lyric tragedy ). His first

7140-544: Was placed under the guardianship of his uncle Thomas, who showed him great affection and kindness. Thomas arranged for Henry to be admitted as a chorister. Henry studied first under Captain Henry Cooke , Master of the Children , and afterwards under Cooke's successor Pelham Humfrey , who was a pupil of Lully . The composer Matthew Locke was a family friend and, particularly with his semi-operas , probably also had

7225-582: Was the mostly French -speaking area unified with the Kingdom of France in 1477, had become a major center for musical development in the musical continent Europe. This was followed by the rise of chansons and the Burgundian School . Influential composers included Jean-Baptiste Lully , Marc-Antoine Charpentier , Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre , Louis Couperin , François Couperin and Jacques Champion de Chambonnières . Jean Philippe Rameau ,

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