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35-550: Chigorin can refer to: Mikhail Chigorin (1850–1908), Russian chess player Chigorin Defense , a chess opening Chigorin Memorial , a chess tournament 7268 Chigorin , a minor planet Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Chigorin . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

70-634: A Chigorin Memorial tournament was played in St. Petersburg. After that many more followed: from 1947 onwards mainly in Sochi and from 1990 back in Saint Petersburg. Through his original talent, lively games and prolific teachings, many Russians regard Mikhail Chigorin as the founder of their " School of chess ", later to become known as the Soviet School of Chess . Overshadowed to some extent in

105-477: A 1916 match. Tarrasch was a very influential chess writer, and was called Praeceptor Germaniae , meaning "Teacher of Germany." He took some of Wilhelm Steinitz 's ideas ( e.g. control of the center , bishop pair , space advantage ) and made them more accessible to the average chess player. In other areas, he departed from Steinitz. He emphasized piece mobility much more than Steinitz did, and disliked cramped positions, saying that they "had

140-421: A career as a government officer. Once smitten with the game, he terminated his employment and started life as a chess professional. In 1876, he started a chess magazine, Chess Sheet , which he edited until 1881 (only 250 subscribers in all of Russia). He played a series of matches with established masters Emanuel Schiffers (1878–1880) and Semyon Alapin (1880) and notched up a large plus score against each. It

175-510: A chess tournament. He was clearly not in good health and was diagnosed by doctors in Carlsbad with an advanced and untreatable case of diabetes . This prompted a prediction that he had only months to live, whereupon he returned to his estranged wife and daughter in Lublin and died the following January. Not long before he died Chigorin had an emotional outburst and burned his chess set. In 1909,

210-451: A famous book about the St. Petersburg 1914 chess tournament , which was translated into English in 1993. His fourth major book Das Schachspiel (1931), was translated by G. E. Smith and T. G. Bone as The Game of Chess (1935, ISBN   048625447X ). It was his last book and his most successful. He edited the magazine Deutsche Schachzeitung in 1897, and Tarrasch's Schachzeitung , for

245-411: A marginal lifetime plus score against him (+8−7=6). Although Chigorin had a poor record against Lasker in serious play (+1−8=4), he was victorious with the black pieces in their first game of this 1895 tournament, in which he outplayed Lasker in a classic two knights versus two bishops ending . In other major competitions, he was joint winner at Budapest 1896, and beat Rudolf Charousek (+3−1) in

280-554: A match player too, continued to grow. He drew an 1893 match with Siegbert Tarrasch in Saint Petersburg (+9−9=4) and in his lifetime, maintained a narrow plus score against Tarrasch (+14−13=8), who was a fearsome player in his own right. He had a strong plus score against Richard Teichmann (+8−3=1), but a poor record versus David Janowski (+4−17=4). Most of his losses to Janowski occurred late in Chigorin's life, when he

315-562: A narrow plus score against Harry Nelson Pillsbury of +6−5=2, while Lasker was even +5−5=4. Still, Tarrasch remained a powerful player, demolishing Frank Marshall in a match in 1905 (+8−1=8), and winning Ostend 1907 over Schlechter , Janowski , Marshall , Burn , and Chigorin. There was no love lost between Tarrasch and Lasker. The story goes that when they were introduced at the opening of their 1908 championship match, Tarrasch clicked his heels, bowed stiffly, and said, "To you, Dr. Lasker, I have only three words, check and mate"—then left

350-720: A number of periodicals to keep them afloat despite low readership levels. He also founded a chess club in Saint Petersburg and tried for many years to establish a chess association, an attempt that finally succeeded just a few years after his death. According to the Canadian International Master Lawrence Day , Chigorin travelled with the young Fedor Bogatyrchuk to Russian events in the 1905–1907 period, helping to train him. After moving to Canada following World War II, Bogatyrchuk then trained Day. By 1907, Chigorin's health (both mental and physical) started to decline dramatically. He failed badly in

385-695: A sponsored Rice Gambit tournament in Brighton . The latter was however something of a hollow victory, as it was emerging that the Rice Gambit was unsound and so, playing the black side in each game gave him a distinct advantage. He was also perhaps the most skilled 19th century practitioner of the Evans Gambit, which featured in many of his great duels with Steinitz. At Łódź 1906, in a four-person event, he finished second to Akiba Rubinstein . Alongside these international events, he also entered and won

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420-610: A successful medical practice. He had five children. Tarrasch was Jewish, converted to Christianity in 1909, and was a patriotic German who lost a son in World War I , yet he faced antisemitism in the early stages of the Third Reich . A medical doctor by profession, Tarrasch may have been the best player in the world in the early 1890s. He scored heavily against the ageing World Champion Wilhelm Steinitz in tournaments (+3−0=1) but refused an opportunity to challenge Steinitz for

455-627: Is 1.e4 e6 2.Qe2 in the French Defence . It is now generally regarded as a forerunner of King's Indian setups, but Chigorin also played it with other ideas (such as b2–b3) in mind. A famous Chigorin game played against Steinitz in 1892 is used as the base for the plot of The Squares of the City , a 1965 science-fiction novel by John Brunner . Bibliography Siegbert Tarrasch Siegbert Tarrasch ( German pronunciation: [ˈziːɡbɐt ˈtaraʃ] ; 5 March 1862 – 17 February 1934)

490-795: The Chigorin Defence to the Queen's Gambit (1.d4 d5 2.c4 Nc6). Whilst the former has remained popular through the 1900s, the latter struggled to attract a great many devotees until relatively recently. Igor Miladinović has used the Chigorin Defence with great regularity, but its current revival owes much to the efforts of Alexander Morozevich , who has championed the opening both in play and in his book – The Chigorin Defence According To Morozevich (published 2007). Another opening line invented by Chigorin

525-636: The 1920s by the exciting new theories of the hypermodern movement , Chigorin's influence nevertheless demands a prominent and permanent place in the Soviet chess hegemony of the 20th century. Chigorin has several chess openings or variations of openings named after him, the two most important being the Chigorin Variation of the Ruy Lopez (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 d6 8.c3 0-0 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7) and

560-410: The 19th round, though much less famous than Lasker's win against Capablanca the round before, was essential to enable Lasker to achieve his famous come-from-behind victory over Capablanca in the tournament. This tournament was probably Tarrasch's swan song , because his chess career was not very successful after this, although he still played some highly regarded games. Tarrasch lost +0-5=1 to Lasker in

595-535: The Black side of the Advance French against Louis Paulsen ( Nuremberg 1888): A number of chess openings are named after Tarrasch, with the most notable being: In the game Tarrasch versus Allies , Black seems to be holding here (at least against an immediate catastrophe), because the black queen guards against Qb7+ (followed by Kxa5 Ra1#), while the black rook on c8 defends against Rxc5#. Tarrasch played

630-559: The best chessplayers in the world. At the very strong tournament of New York 1889 he was equal first with Max Weiss . Following this great success he challenged the world champion Steinitz for a match with the World Championship at stake. The World Championship match was played at Havana in 1889, but he lost 10½–6½ (+6−10=1). A second World Championship match was played also at Havana in 1892, but he narrowly lost 12½–10½ (+8−10=5). His overall record against Steinitz

665-404: The first three All-Russia Tournaments of 1899, 1900/01 and 1903 . These prestigious successes further cemented his reputation as Russia's best player. Upon losing the fourth such event in 1906, he challenged the winner Gersz Salwe to a match and came out the victor (+7−5=3). His playing style featured a well-honed tactical ability and an imaginative approach to the opening. He rejected many of

700-583: The germ of defeat." Tarrasch formulated a very important rule in rook endgames that is often called the Tarrasch rule : In 1895, Tarrasch's book Dreihundert Schachpartien was published. It was first translated into English in 1959 by Robin Ault and John Kirwan in a limited edition and a commercial edition in 1999 when S. Schwarz put out Three Hundred Chess Games. Tarrasch released Die moderne Schachpartie in 1912, but it has not been translated yet. He wrote

735-437: The highly agitated state that would possess Chigorin when faced with difficult positions. Aside from the usual frantic foot-tapping and crossing of legs, he would occasionally become "a bundle of nerves", at which point his temperament could turn "quite fierce". As an ambassador for Russian chess, Chigorin was a shining example; he gave many lectures, wrote magazine articles and chess columns and subsidised or otherwise supported

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770-498: The inflexible doctrines put forward by Tarrasch and Steinitz, but accepted Steinitz' teachings about the soundness of the defensive centre. Indeed, he went on to add to the development of the concept through the work he carried out with closed variations of the Ruy Lopez . He also pioneered some variations of the Slav Defence . A large bearded man, Chigorin was described as 'decidedly handsome'. Frank Marshall once commented on

805-463: The ingenious interference move 31.Bc7! (known as a Plachutta interference because the pieces both move orthogonally ). This blocks off both defences, and whatever piece captures becomes overloaded. That is, if 31...Rxc7, the rook is overloaded, having to look after both the key squares, since the queen is blocked from b7. So White would play 32.Qb7+ Rxb7, deflecting the rook from defence of c5, allowing 33.Rxc5#. But if Black plays instead 31...Qxc7,

840-431: The last two years of his life. He was a target of the hypermodern school, led by Richard Réti , Aron Nimzowitsch , and Savielly Tartakower , all of whom criticized his ideas as dogmatic. However, many modern masters regard Tarrasch's actual play as not dogmatic. According to American grandmaster Andrew Soltis , Tarrasch's chess was "all about piece mobility". As an example of his playing style see his victory on

875-563: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chigorin&oldid=897929511 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Surnames of Russian origin Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Mikhail Chigorin Chigorin

910-533: The playoff. At Cologne in 1898, he was equal second with Charousek and Wilhelm Cohn after Amos Burn . His 7th-place finish at London 1899 was disappointing in comparison, but this was another tournament notable for its impressive list of participants. At Monte Carlo 1901, he placed equal third after Janowski and Carl Schlechter . A highly skilled exponent of gambit lines, he won the King's Gambit -themed Vienna Tournament of 1903 and defeated Lasker (+2−1=3) in

945-454: The queen blocks off the rook's defence of c5 and becomes overloaded: 32.Rxc5+ Qxc5 deflects the queen from defence of b7, allowing 33.Qb7+ Kxa5 34.Ra1#. Black actually resigned after this move. In the game against Carl Walbrodt , Tarrasch played rather poorly, and his opponent had the better of him for a long time. But the game was redeemed by the following startling combination: 34.Rxd4 seems obvious, because 34...cxd4 allows 35.Bxd4 winning

980-513: The room. When Lasker finally agreed to a title match in 1908 , he beat Tarrasch convincingly +8−3=5. Tarrasch continued to be one of the leading players in the world for a while. He finished fourth in the very strong St. Petersburg 1914 chess tournament , behind only World Champion Lasker and future World Champions José Raúl Capablanca and Alexander Alekhine , and ahead of Marshall, Ossip Bernstein , Rubinstein , Nimzowitsch , Blackburne , Janowski, and Gunsberg . His win against Capablanca in

1015-496: The world title in 1892 because of the demands of his medical practice. Soon afterwards, in St. Petersburg in 1893, Tarrasch drew a hard-fought match against Steinitz' challenger Mikhail Chigorin (+9−9=4) after leading most of the way. He also won four major tournaments in succession: Breslau 1889, Manchester 1890, Dresden 1892, and Leipzig 1894. However, after Emanuel Lasker became world chess champion in 1894, Tarrasch could not match him. Fred Reinfeld wrote: "Tarrasch

1050-696: Was a German chess player, considered to have been among the strongest players and most influential theoreticians of the late 19th and early 20th century. Tarrasch was born in Breslau , in what was then Prussian Silesia and now is Poland. Having finished school in 1880, he left Breslau to study medicine in Berlin and then in Halle . With his family, he settled in Nuremberg , Bavaria , and later in Munich , setting up

1085-625: Was born in Gatchina but moved to nearby Saint Petersburg some time later. His father worked in the Okhtensk gunpowder works. Chigorin's parents died young and Chigorin entered the Gatchinsk Orphans' Institute at the age of 10. He became serious about chess uncommonly late in life; his schoolteacher taught him the moves at the age of 16, but he did not take to the game until around 1874, having first finished his studies before commencing

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1120-570: Was destined to play second fiddle for the rest of his life." For example, Lasker scored much better against mutual opponents, e.g. vs. Chigorin, Tarrasch had +2 over 34 games while Lasker scored +7 in 21; vs. Akiba Rubinstein , Tarrasch was −8 without a single win, while Lasker scored +2−1=2; vs. David Janowski , Tarrasch scored +3 compared to Lasker's huge +22; vs. Géza Maróczy , Tarrasch was +1 over 16 games while Lasker scored +4−0=1, vs. Richard Teichmann Tarrasch scored +8−5=2, while Lasker beat him all four tournament games. However, Tarrasch had

1155-528: Was not long after that he was regarded as the best player in the city and possibly the whole of Russia. His first international tournament was Berlin 1881 , where he was equal third (+10−5=1) with Szymon Winawer , behind Johannes Zukertort and Joseph Henry Blackburne . This event included 17 master competitors. At the great London tournament of 1883 , he finished fourth (+16−10=0) behind Zukertort, Wilhelm Steinitz and Blackburne. The 14 competitors in this double round robin event included practically all of

1190-566: Was past his best. In all likelihood, his best performance occurred at the Hastings 1895 chess tournament , where he placed second, ahead of reigning world champion Emanuel Lasker , Tarrasch and former world champion Steinitz. All of the greatest players of the time participated in the event and Chigorin's outstanding result included winning his individual encounter with tournament victor, Harry Nelson Pillsbury . Pillsbury had great respect for Chigorin's ability and for good reason, as Chigorin had

1225-428: Was very close (+24−27=8). He also played a much publicised 'telegraph match' against Steinitz in 1890, devised to settle a theoretical argument. Chigorin had the slight advantage of choosing the openings in advance from a list supplied by Steinitz and duly won both games. Towards the end of the century, his standing at home and abroad continued to rise, and he was in the world's top four or five players. His reputation as

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