The Chillicothe–Brunswick Rail Maintenance Authority ( reporting mark CBRM ) was a class III railroad that operated in north-central Missouri .
90-647: It ran from Chillicothe, Missouri southeastward through the communities of Sumner and Triplett on its way to Brunswick, Missouri . The 37 miles (60 km) of railroad was originally built for the Wabash Railroad and later became part of the Norfolk and Western Railway (N&W) before the N&;W abandoned it in 1983. The rail line had the following interchanges: An interchange existed in Brunswick with
180-744: A 1614 Dutch map showing some Sawwanew located just east of the Delaware River . Later 17th-century Dutch sources also place them in this general location. Accounts by French explorers in the same century usually located the Shawnee along the Ohio River, where the French encountered them on forays from eastern Canada and the Illinois Country . Based on historical accounts and later archaeology, John E. Kleber describes Shawnee towns by
270-587: A band of Cherokee along the lower Tennessee River and Chickamauga Creek against the colonists in that area. Some colonists called this group of Cherokee the Chickamauga , because they lived along that river at the time of what became known as the Cherokee–American wars , during and after the American Revolution . But they were never a separate tribe, as some accounts suggested. After
360-509: A book value well in excess of $ 1.5 million, the line was "sold" to the city of Chillicothe by Green Hills for $ 32,500 without the benefit of open public bidding. On December 8, 2006, the Chillicothe Constitution-Tribune reported that the city of Chillicothe had sold the majority of the railroad (approximately 30 miles or 48 kilometres) to Seattle -based Montoff Transportation, LLC for $ 976,000. The part of
450-647: A chief, in 1714 they asked Carondawana, an Oneida war chief, to represent them to the Pennsylvania provincial council. About 1727, Carondawana and his wife, a prominent interpreter known as Madame Montour , settled at Otstonwakin , on the west bank at the confluence of Loyalsock Creek and the West Branch Susquehanna River . By 1730, European American settlers began to arrive in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, where
540-461: A girdle round them with a piece of cloth drawn through their legs and turned over the girdle, and appears like a short apron before and behind. All the hair is pulled from their eyebrows and eyelashes and their faces painted in different parts with Vermilion. They walk remarkably straight and cut a grotesque appearance in this mixed dress." — from the Journal of Nicholas Cresswell Ever since
630-589: A group of Shawnee migrated to the Savannah River area. The English based in Charles Town , South Carolina, were contacted by these Shawnee in 1674. They forged a long-lasting alliance. The Savannah River Shawnee were known to the Carolina English as "Savannah Indians". Around the same time, other Shawnee groups migrated to Florida, Maryland , Pennsylvania, and other regions south and east of
720-740: A lending library, the Livingston County Library. The town has a children library, the Lillian DesMarias Youth Library. Shawnee The Shawnee ( / ʃ ɔː ˈ n i / shaw- NEE ) are a Native American people of the Northeastern Woodlands . Their language, Shawnee , is an Algonquian language . Their precontact homeland was likely centered in southern Ohio . In the 17th century, they dispersed through Ohio, Illinois , Maryland , Delaware , and Pennsylvania . In
810-420: A location just east of Chillicothe has been abandoned, in hopes of turning it into a walking trail, while the rest of the railroad is in operation. Chillicothe, Missouri Chillicothe is a city in the state of Missouri and the county seat of Livingston County , Missouri , United States. The population was 9,107 at the 2020 census . The name "Chillicothe" is Shawnee for "big town". Chillicothe
900-432: A margin of error of +/- $ 3,506) and the median family income was $ 56,488 (+/- $ 8,384). Males had a median income of $ 34,937 (+/- $ 3,959) versus $ 25,867 (+/- $ 3,033) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $ 30,715 (+/- $ 1,036). Approximately, 14.1% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 18.5% of those under the age of 18 and 16.3% of those ages 65 or over. As of
990-588: A private contractor before beginning operation of the line through an affiliated non-profit corporation known as CBRM in January 1986. The line was leased to the Wabash and Grand River Railway on April 1, 1990, but returned to the CBRM after this lease terminated on December 1, 1993; the 1993 floods throughout the midwest having caused significant damage to the tracks and impacting W&GR operations. The CBRM operated
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#17327834267471080-710: A small American post on the Sandusky River . After they were repulsed with serious losses, the British and Tecumseh ended their Ohio campaign. On Lake Erie, the American commander Captain Oliver Hazard Perry fought the Battle of Lake Erie on September 10, 1813. His decisive victory against the British ensured American control of the lake, improved American morale after a series of defeats, and compelled
1170-592: A two-pronged invasion into the Ohio Country. The Shawnee chief Cornstalk attacked one wing but fought to a draw in the only major battle of the war, the Battle of Point Pleasant . In the Treaty of Camp Charlotte ending the war (1774), Cornstalk and the Shawnee were compelled by the British to recognize the Ohio River as their southern border, which had been established by the Fort Stanwix treaty. By this treaty,
1260-482: Is a gap in the archaeological record between the most recent Fort Ancient sites and the oldest sites of the historic Shawnee. The latter were recorded by European (French and English) archaeologists as occupying this area at the time of encounter. Scholars generally accept that similarities in material culture, art, mythology , and Shawnee oral history linking them to the Fort Ancient peoples, can be used to support
1350-673: Is known as "The Home of Sliced Bread". This territory was originally settled by indigenous peoples of the Americas. The Osage and Missouri were in the territory at the time of earliest European contact, which was mostly by French explorers and traders. By 1800 the Shawnee and Iowa had migrated here. The Shawnee came from the Ohio Country , where they had been under pressure before the American Revolution from aggressive Iroquois and later encroaching European Americans. Displacing
1440-419: Is now Sylacauga, Alabama , Chalahgawtha at the site of present-day Chillicothe, Ohio , Old Shawneetown, Illinois , and Suwanee, Georgia . Their language became a lingua franca for trade among numerous tribes. They became leaders among the tribes, initiating and sustaining intertribal resistance to European and Euro-American expansion. Some Shawnee occupied areas in central Pennsylvania. Long without
1530-407: Is planning on turning it into a rails-to-trails project. The Mayor of Chillicothe publicly announced in one of his newspaper columns in an area shopper that the city had made a sizeable profit on the sale of the railroad in 2008. The city was subsequently a defendant in a lawsuit brought by a Livingston County farmer at the behest of A & K Railroad Materials of Salt Lake City, Utah. The substance of
1620-550: The American Royal Zephyr between Chicago and Kansas City was discontinued. The tracks eastward toward Brookfield were abandoned in the early 1980s and have been mostly removed. The 1909 Depot was owned by the City of Chillicothe until 2016, when it was sold to Wabash BBQ to be used as a restaurant. The restaurant has since closed. The Missouri Training School for Girls (1889-1981) was the correctional facility of
1710-795: The Beaver Wars , the Haudenosaunee Confederacy had claimed the Ohio Country as their hunting ground by right of conquest, and treated the Shawnee and Lenape who resettled there as dependent tribes. Some independent Iroquois bands from various tribes also migrated westward, where they became known in Ohio as the Mingo . These three tribes—the Shawnee, the Delaware (Lenape), and the Mingo—became closely associated with one another, despite
1800-600: The Beaver Wars , which began in the 1640s. Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy invaded from the east to secure the Ohio Valley for hunting grounds. The Shawnee became known for their widespread settlements, extending from Pennsylvania to Illinois and to Georgia . Among their known villages were Eskippakithiki in Kentucky, Sonnionto (also known as Lower Shawneetown ) in Ohio, Chalakagay near what
1890-682: The Indiana Territory , invited Potawatomi , Lenape, Eel River people , and Miami representatives to a meeting at Fort Wayne . In the negotiations, Harrison promised large subsidies to the tribes if they would cede lands to the United States. After two weeks of negotiating, the Potawatomi leaders convinced the Miami to accept the treaty as reciprocity, because the Potawatomi had earlier accepted treaties less advantageous to them at
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#17327834267471980-731: The Missouri Division of Youth Services . It opened in 1889. In 1956, the school received all of the black girls after the Missouri Training School for Negro Girls in Tipton closed. The school closed in 1981. Chillicothe is located in central Livingston County. The Grand River flows past approximately one mile south of the city and the confluence of the Thompson River with the Grand is about three miles to
2070-600: The Norfolk Southern Railway , formerly the Wabash Railroad and later the Norfolk and Western Railway before the railroad was abandoned between Sumner and Brunswick. A community economic development authority, Green Hills Rural Development, Inc., bought the 37 miles (60 km) in 1985 from Norfolk Southern Railway as part of an economic development strategy. Green Hills leased the rail line to
2160-652: The Powhatan Confederacy of 1618–1644, to settle in the Shenandoah Valley . The party was led by his son, Sheewa-a-nee. Edward Bland, an explorer who accompanied Abraham Wood 's expedition in 1650, wrote that in Opechancanough's day, there had been a falling-out between the Chawan chief and the weroance of the Powhatan (also a relative of Opechancanough's family). He said the latter had murdered
2250-491: The census of 2010, there were 9,515 people, 3,612 households, and 2,146 families living in the city. The population density was 1,355.4 inhabitants per square mile (523.3/km ). There were 4,108 housing units at an average density of 585.2 per square mile (225.9/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 93.5% White , 3.7% African American , 0.4% Native American , 0.3% Asian , 0.5% from other races , and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of
2340-538: The 1839 Cherokee War. Texas achieved independence from Mexico under American leaders. It decided to force removal of the Shawnee from the new republic. But in appreciation of their earlier neutrality, Texan President Mirabeau Lamar fully compensated the Shawnee for their improvements and crops. They were forced out to Arkansas Territory . The Shawnee settled close to present-day Shawnee, Oklahoma . They were joined by Shawnee pushed out of Kansas (see below), who shared their traditionalist views and beliefs. In 1817,
2430-527: The American rebel cause. Cornstalk led the minority who wished to remain neutral. The Shawnee north of the Ohio River were unhappy about the American settlement of Kentucky. Colin Calloway reports that most Shawnees allied with the British against the Americans, hoping to be able to expel the settlers from west of the mountains. War leaders such as Blackfish and Blue Jacket joined Dragging Canoe and
2520-631: The British to fall back from Detroit. General Harrison launched another invasion of Upper Canada (Ontario), which culminated in the U.S. victory at the Battle of the Thames on October 5, 1813. Tecumseh was killed there, and his death effectively ended the Indigenous alliance with the British in the Detroit region. American control of Lake Erie meant the British could no longer provide essential military supplies to their Native allies, who dropped out of
2610-547: The British unless the treaty was nullified. In March, the Great Comet of 1811 appeared. During the next year, tensions between American colonists and Native Americans rose quickly. Four settlers were murdered along the Missouri River and, in another incident, Natives seized a boatload of supplies from a group of traders. Harrison summoned Tecumseh to Vincennes to explain the actions of his allies. In August 1811,
2700-790: The Lower Creek, and the bands became involved in civil war, known as the Creek War . This became part of the War of 1812 when open conflict broke out between American soldiers and the Red Sticks of the Creek. After William Hull 's surrender of Detroit to the British during the War of 1812, General William Henry Harrison was given command of the U.S. Army of the Northwest . He set out to retake
2790-652: The Mississippi River in North America. Later that year, the Crown issued the Proclamation of 1763 , legally confirming the 1758 border as the limits of British colonization. They reserved the land beyond for Native Americans. But the Crown had difficulty enforcing the boundary, as Anglo-European colonists continued to move westward. The Treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1768 extended the colonial boundary to
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2880-615: The Ohio River Valley for settlement, frequently traveling by boats and barges along the Ohio River. Violent incidents between settlers and Indians escalated into Lord Dunmore's War in 1774. British diplomats managed to isolate the Shawnee during the conflict: the Iroquois and the Lenape stayed neutral. The Shawnee faced the British colony of Virginia with only a few Mingo allies. Lord Dunmore , royal governor of Virginia, launched
2970-623: The Ohio River increased to around 1,200 people by 1750. "[I] saw four Indian Chiefs of the Shawnee Nation, who have been at War with the Virginians this summer (i.e. 1774), but have made peace with them, and they are sending these people to Williamsburg as hostages. They are tall, manly, well-shaped men, of a Copper colour with black hair, quick piercing eyes, and good features. They have rings of silver in their nose and bobs to them which hang over their upper lip. Their ears are cut from
3060-598: The Ohio Shawnee had signed the Treaty of Fort Meigs , ceding their remaining lands in exchange for three reservations in Wapaughkonetta , Hog Creek (near Lima ), and Lewistown , Ohio. They shared these lands with some Seneca people who had migrated west from New York. In a series of treaties, including the Treaty of Lewistown of 1825, Shawnee and Seneca people agreed to exchange land in western Ohio with
3150-501: The Ohio country. Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville , founder of New Orleans and the French colony of La Louisiane , writing in his journal in 1699, describes the Shawnee (or as he spells them, Chaouenons ) as "the single nation to fear, being spread out over Carolina and Virginia in the direction of the Mississippi." Historian Alan Gallay speculates that the Shawnee migrations of the middle to late 17th century were probably driven by
3240-656: The Oneida people, becoming the sixth nation of the Iroquois Confederacy; they declared their migration finished in 1722. Also at this time, Seneca (an Iroquois nation) and Lenape war parties from the north often fought pitched battles with pursuing bands of Catawba from Virginia, who would overtake them in the Shawnee-inhabited regions of the Valley. By the late 1730s, pressure from colonial expansion produced repeated conflicts. Shawnee communities were also impacted by
3330-604: The Osage, the Shawnee had a major village known as Chillicothe about a mile from the present-day city, named after their historic capital in their traditional lands in Ohio. Chillicothe was also the name of a major band of the tribe . Other Native American tribes in the area were the Sac and Fox , and Pottawatomi , all of whom hunted in the area. In the early 19th century, European-American migration to Missouri increased. The original survey of Chillicothe by United States citizens
3420-594: The Public Square; The first circuit court for the trial of civil and criminal causes was held on the 3d of July 1887. Livingston was settled by emigrants from the older counties and others from the Upper South states of Kentucky and Tennessee , as well as Ohio and other "Old Northwest" states, as the westward migration continued. Prior to completion of the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad in 1859,
3510-404: The Revolution and during the Northwest Indian War , the Shawnee collaborated with the Miami to form a great fighting force in the Ohio Valley. They led a confederation of warriors of Native American tribes in an effort to expel U.S. settlers from that territory. After being defeated by U.S. forces at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794, most of the Shawnee bands signed the Treaty of Greenville
3600-434: The Shawnee ceded all claims to the "hunting grounds" of West Virginia and Kentucky south of the Ohio River. But many other Shawnee leaders refused to recognize this boundary. The Shawnee and most other tribes were highly decentralized, and bands and towns typically made their own decisions about alliances. When the United States declared independence from the British crown in 1776, the Shawnee were divided. They did not support
3690-426: The Shawnee leader Blue Jacket and the Mohawk leader Joseph Brant . In response, Tecumseh began to expand on the teachings of his brother Tenskwatawa , a spiritual leader known as The Prophet who called for the tribes to return to their ancestral ways. He began to associate these teachings with the idea of an intertribal alliance. Tecumseh traveled widely, urging warriors to abandon accommodationist chiefs and to join
Chillicothe–Brunswick Rail Maintenance Authority - Misplaced Pages Continue
3780-426: The Shawnee predominated in the northern part of the valley. They were claimed as tributaries by the Haudenosaunee or Six Nations of the Iroquois to the north. The Iroquois had helped some of the Tuscarora people from North Carolina, who were also Iroquoian speaking and distant relations, to resettle in the vicinity of what is now Martinsburg, West Virginia . Most of the Tuscarora migrated to New York and settled near
3870-477: The United States for land west of the Mississippi River in what became Indian Territory . In July 1831, the Lewistown group of Seneca–Shawnee departed for the Indian Territory (in present-day Kansas and Oklahoma). The main body of Shawnee in Ohio followed Black Hoof , who fought every effort to force his people to give up their homeland. After the death of Black Hoof, the remaining 400 Ohio Shawnee in Wapaughkonetta and Hog Creek surrendered their land and moved to
3960-427: The age of 50. The language is written in the Latin script , but attempts at creating a unified spelling system have been unsuccessful. The Shawnee language has a dictionary, and portions of the Bible have been translated into Shawnee. Some scholars believe that the Shawnee descend from the precontact Fort Ancient culture of the Ohio region, although this is not universally accepted. The Shawnee may have entered
4050-407: The archaic shawano (now: shaawanwa ) meaning "south". However, the stem šawa- does not mean "south" in Shawnee, but "moderate, warm (of weather)": See Charles F. Voegelin , "šawa (plus -ni, -te) Moderate, Warm. Cp. šawani 'it is moderating...". In one Shawnee tale, "Sawage" (šaawaki) is the deity of the south wind. Jeremiah Curtin translates Sawage as 'it thaws', referring to the warm weather of
4140-477: The area at a later time and occupied the Fort Ancient sites. Fort Ancient culture flourished from c. 1000 to c. 1650 CE among a people who predominantly inhabited lands on both sides of the Ohio River in areas of present-day southern Ohio , northern Kentucky and western West Virginia . Like the Mississippian culture peoples of this period, they built earthwork mounds as part of their expression of their religious and political structure. Fort Ancient culture
4230-432: The city improved rapidly, then a lull lasted until 1875, when the erection of the beautiful three-story, $ 36,000 school building was started, now known as "Middle School." From that time on Chillicothe made a slow, steady growth up to 1886, when the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad was built through here. That year also saw the introduction of the "Water Works" and electric lights. The city continued to modernize in
4320-527: The city was $ 30,053, and the median income for a family was $ 40,163. Males had a median income of $ 29,070 versus $ 19,745 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 16,172. About 9.6% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 17.1% of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over. The Chillicothe R-II School District provides preschool through 12th grade education as well as some other educational programs to students in and around Chillicothe. The town has
4410-434: The city was minimally developed with cheap frame houses, with little pretense of architectural beauty or design. The building materials being hewed and sawed from the oak and walnut timber surrounding the town, as timber originally covered the site. The railroad gave an impetus for town improvements. Soon two and three-story brick business buildings were constructed in place of the former frame structures. From 1865 to 1870,
4500-470: The city, which was defended by British Colonel Henry Procter , together with Tecumseh and his forces. A detachment of Harrison's army was defeated at Frenchtown along the River Raisin on January 22, 1813. Some prisoners were taken to Detroit, but Procter left those too injured to travel with an inadequate guard. His Native American allies attacked and killed perhaps as many as 60 wounded Americans, many of whom were Kentucky militiamen. The Americans called
4590-401: The city. The population density was 1,370.9 inhabitants per square mile (529.3/km ). There were 4,060 housing units at an average density of 620.7 per square mile (239.7/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 93.86% White , 3.69% African American , 0.41% Native American , 0.40% Asian , 0.35% from other races , and 1.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.96% of
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#17327834267474680-448: The comet of March 1811 had signaled his coming. He also said that the people would see a sign proving that the Great Spirit had sent him. As Tecumseh traveled, both sides readied for the Battle of Tippecanoe . Harrison assembled a small force of army regulars and militia to combat the Native forces. On November 6, 1811, Harrison led this army of about 1,000 men to Prophetstown, Indiana , hoping to disperse Tecumseh's confederacy. Early
4770-408: The connection from Fort Ancient society and development as the historical Shawnee society. But there is also evidence and oral history linking Siouan -speaking nations to the Ohio Valley. The Shawnee considered the Lenape (or Delaware) of the East Coast mid-Atlantic region, who were also Algonquian speaking, to be their "grandfathers". The Algonquian nations of present-day Canada, who extended to
4860-577: The differences in their languages. The first two spoke Algonquian languages and the third an Iroquoian language. After taking part in the first phase of the French and Indian War (also known as "Braddock's War") as allies of the French, the Shawnee switched sides in 1758. They made formal peace with the British colonies at the Treaty of Easton , which recognized the Allegheny Ridge (the Eastern Divide ) as their mutual border. This peace lasted only until Pontiac's War erupted in 1763, following Britain's defeat of France and takeover of its territory east of
4950-435: The early 18th century, they mostly concentrated in eastern Pennsylvania but dispersed again later that century across Pennsylvania, West Virginia , Kentucky , Ohio, Indiana , and Illinois, with a small group joining Muscogee people in Alabama . In the 19th century, the U.S. federal government forcibly removed them under the 1830 Indian Removal Act to areas west of the Mississippi River; these lands would eventually become
5040-433: The early 20th century. Chillicothe was located along the first railroad completed across the State of Missouri on February 13, 1859 by the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad , later becoming the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad . The Wabash Railroad completed a line to Brunswick, Missouri in 1871. Passenger rail served the town for over a century. The last passenger train passed through Chillicothe in 1971, when
5130-461: The fate of the Fort Ancient people. Most likely their society, like the Mississippian culture to the south, was severely disrupted by waves of epidemics from new infectious diseases carried by the first Spanish explorers in the 16th century. After 1525 at Madisonville , the type site , the village's house sizes became smaller and fewer. Evidence shows that the people changed from their previously "horticulture-centered, sedentary way of life". There
5220-400: The following: A Shawnee town might have from forty to one hundred bark-covered houses similar in construction to Iroquois longhouses . Each village usually had a meeting house or council house , perhaps sixty to ninety feet long, where public deliberations took place. According to one English colonial legend, some Shawnee were descended from a party sent by Chief Opechancanough , ruler of
5310-399: The former. The Shawnee were "driven from Kentucky in the 1670s by the Iroquois of Pennsylvania and New York, who claimed the Ohio valley as hunting ground to supply its fur trade . In 1671, the colonists Batts and Fallam reported that the Shawnee were contesting control of the Shenandoah Valley with the Haudenosaunee Confederacy (Iroquois) in that year and were losing. Sometime before 1670,
5400-400: The fur trade. While they gained arms and European goods, they also traded for rum or brandy, leading to serious social problems related to alcohol abuse by their members. Several Shawnee communities in the Province of Pennsylvania , led by Peter Chartier , a Métis trader, opposed the sale of alcohol in their communities. This resulted in a conflict with colonial Governor Patrick Gordon , who
5490-613: The incident the "River Raisin Massacre". The defeat ended Harrison's campaign against Detroit, and the phrase "Remember the River Raisin!" became a rallying cry for the Americans. In May 1813, Procter and Tecumseh besieged Fort Meigs in northern Ohio. Native forces defeated the American reinforcements arriving during the siege, but the garrison in the fort held out. The Indians eventually began to disperse, forcing Procter and Tecumseh to return to Canada. Their second offensive in July against Fort Meigs also failed. To improve Indian morale, Procter and Tecumseh attempted to storm Fort Stephenson ,
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#17327834267475580-408: The interior along the St. Lawrence River and around the Great Lakes from the Atlantic coast, regarded the Shawnee as their southernmost branch. Along the East Coast, the Algonquian-speaking tribes were historically located mostly in coastal areas, from Quebec to the Carolinas. Europeans reported encountering the Shawnee over a wide geographic area. One of the earliest mentions of the Shawnee may be
5670-422: The lawsuit was that the railroad was worth far more than the city sold it for to Montoff Transportation. A & K Railroad subsequently offered approximately $ 400,000 more than Montoff had paid for the property, and asked the Court to set aside the sale to Montoff. The lawsuit was later dismissed on a technicality. Today, the part of the railroad that stretched from Brunswick northward through Triplett, Sumner, and
5760-419: The line through the 1990s, seeing a consistent pattern of 10 to 20% traffic growth per year, and helping to develop a 67-acre (27 ha) industrial park with new industries, creating over 300 new full-time jobs and attracting in excess of $ 57 million in new private sector investment to the area served by the rail line. The rail line also attracted a regional grain terminal at its southern end. Despite having
5850-481: The margin of the Arkansas river was broken into pieces; and most of the Indians thought that the Great Spirit, angry with the human race, was about to destroy the world. The Muscogee who joined Tecumseh's confederation were known as the Red Sticks . They were the more conservative and traditional part of the people, as their communities in the Upper Towns were more isolated from European-American settlements. They did not want to assimilate. The Red Sticks rose in resisting
5940-476: The next morning, forces under The Prophet prematurely attacked Harrison's army at the Tippecanoe River near the Wabash. Though outnumbered, Harrison repulsed the attack, forcing the Natives to retreat and abandon Prophetstown. Harrison's men burned the village and returned home. On December 11, 1811, the New Madrid earthquake shook the Muscogee lands and the Midwestern United States. While the interpretation of this event varied from tribe to tribe, they agreed that
6030-505: The next year. They were forced to cede large parts of their homeland to the new United States. Other Shawnee groups rejected this treaty, migrating independently to Missouri west of the Mississippi River , where they settled along Apple Creek. The French called their settlement Le Grand Village Sauvage . In the early 19th century, the Shawnee leader Tecumseh gained renown for organizing his namesake confederacy to oppose American expansion in Native American lands. The resulting conflict
6120-429: The northern Shenandoah Valley: at Moorefield, West Virginia , on the North River ; and on the Potomac at Cumberland, Maryland . In 1753, the Shawnee on the Scioto River in the Ohio Country sent messengers to those still in the Shenandoah Valley, suggesting that they cross the Alleghenies to join the people further west, which they did the following year. The community known as Shannoah ( Lower Shawneetown ) on
6210-413: The population was under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 20.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.8 years. For every 100 females, the population had 67.4 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 60.9 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $ 45,496 (with
6300-414: The population. There were 3,608 households, out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. school districts. The average household size
6390-442: The population. There were 3,612 households, of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.6% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.6% were non-families. 35.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
6480-521: The powerful earthquake had to have spiritual significance. The earthquake and its aftershocks helped the Tecumseh resistance movement as the Muscogee and other Native American tribes believed it was a sign that the Shawnee must be supported and that Tecumseh had prophesied such an event and sign. The Indians were filled with great terror ... the trees and wigwams shook exceedingly; the ice which skirted
6570-659: The railroad that was sold had been embargoed since 2004. The city still owns the railroad, now known as the Missouri North Central Railroad , to the Chillicothe industrial park and to a location seven miles to the east where future development is planned. In 2008, the Chillicothe Constitution-Tribune reported that the city of Chillicothe bought back the sold portion of the railroad right-of-way from Montoff for $ 10 and
6660-469: The request of the Miami. Finally, the tribes signed the Treaty of Fort Wayne on September 30, 1809, thereby selling the United States more than 3,000,000 acres (12,000 km ), chiefly along the Wabash River north of Vincennes, Indiana . Tecumseh was outraged by the Treaty of Fort Wayne, believing that American Indian land was owned in common by all tribes, an idea advocated in previous years by
6750-533: The resistance at Prophetstown . In August 1810, Tecumseh led 400 armed warriors to confront Harrison in Vincennes. Tecumseh demanded that Harrison nullify the Fort Wayne treaty, threatening to kill the chiefs who had signed it. Harrison refused, saying that the Miami were the owners of the land and could sell it if they so chose. Tecumseh left peacefully but warned Harrison that he would seek an alliance with
6840-716: The south. In an account and a song collected by C. F. Voegelin, šaawaki is attested as the spirit of the South, or the South Wind. The Shawnee language is known as saawanwaatoweewe. In 2002, the Shawnee language , part of the Algonquian family , was in decline but still spoken by 200 people. These included more than 100 Absentee Shawnee and 12 Shawnee Tribe speakers. By 2017, Shawnee language advocates, including tribal member George Blanchard, estimated that there were fewer than 100 speakers. Most fluent Shawnee speakers are over
6930-525: The southwest. The city is served by U.S. Route 36 , U.S. Route 65 and Missouri Route 190 . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 7.03 square miles (18.21 km ), of which 7.02 square miles (18.18 km ) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.03 km ) is water. The 2020 United States census counted 9,107 people, 3,608 households, and 2,044 families in Chillicothe. The population density
7020-575: The states of Missouri , Kansas , and Texas . Finally, they were removed to Indian Territory , which became the state of Oklahoma in the early 20th century. Today, Shawnee people are enrolled in three federally recognized tribes , all headquartered in Oklahoma: Shawnee has also been written as Shaawana . Individuals and singular Shawnee tribes may be referred to as šaawanwa, and the collective Shawnee people as šaawanwaki or šaawanooki . Algonquian languages have words similar to
7110-424: The tips two thirds of the way round and the piece extended with brass wire till it touches their shoulders, in this part they hang a thin silver plate, wrought in flourishes about three inches diameter, with plates of silver round their arms and in the hair, which is all cut off except a long lock on the top of the head. They are in white men's dress, except breeches which they refuse to wear, instead of which they have
7200-526: The two leaders met, with Tecumseh assuring Harrison that the Shawnee intended to remain at peace with the United States. Afterward, Tecumseh traveled to the Southeast on a mission to recruit allies against the United States from among the " Five Civilized Tribes ". His name Tekoomsē meant "Shooting Star" or "Panther Across The Sky". Tecumseh told the Choctaw , Chickasaw , Muscogee , and many others that
7290-539: The war. The Americans controlled the area during the remainder of the conflict. The Shawnee in Missouri migrated from the United States south into Mexico, in the eastern part of Spanish Texas . They became known as the " Absentee Shawnee ". They were joined in the migration by some Delaware (Lenape). Although they were closely allied with the Cherokee led by The Bowl , their chief John Linney remained neutral during
7380-474: The west, giving British colonists a claim to lands in what are now the states of West Virginia and Kentucky. The Shawnee did not agree to this treaty: it was negotiated between British officials and the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, who claimed sovereignty over the land. While they predominated, the Shawnee and other Native American tribes also hunted there. After the Stanwix treaty, Anglo-Americans began pouring into
7470-404: Was 1,277.3 per square mile (492.8/km ). There were 4,114 housing units at an average density of 577.0 per square mile (222.6/km ). The racial makeup was 90.63% (8,254) white , 3.38% (308) black or African-American , 0.32% (29) Native American , 0.83% (76) Asian , 0.01% (1) Pacific Islander , 0.55% (50) from other races , and 4.27% (389) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race
7560-406: Was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.92. In the city the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 21.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 75.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 68.4 males. The median income for a household in
7650-436: Was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.90. The median age in the city was 39.6 years. 21.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.3% were from 25 to 44; 24.3% were from 45 to 64; and 18.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 41.3% male and 58.7% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 8,968 people, 3,608 households, and 2,197 families living in
7740-402: Was 2.3% (212) of the population. Of the 3,608 households, 27.5% had children under the age of 18; 40.0% were married couples living together; 34.4% had a female householder with no husband present. Of all households, 35.5% consisted of individuals and 18.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.1 and the average family size was 2.8. 18.9% of
7830-533: Was called Tecumseh's War . The two principal adversaries in the conflict, Chief Tecumseh and General William Henry Harrison , had both been junior participants in the 1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers . Tecumseh did not sign the 1795 Treaty of Greenville . However, many American Indian leaders in the region accepted the Greenville terms, and for the next ten years local intertribal resistance to American hegemony faded. In September 1809, Harrison, then governor of
7920-529: Was filed for record August 31, 1837, and a resurvey of the same was filed August 5, 1859. Chillicothe was incorporated as a city by an act of the General Assembly, approved March 1, 1855. It was selected as the County seat by commissioners and the first term of the county court began on May 7, 1838. In August of that year an order was made to erect the first Court House, the cost not to exceed $ 5,000, in
8010-500: Was once thought to have been a regional extension of the Mississippian culture. Scholars now believe that Fort Ancient culture (1000–1650 CE) was descended from Hopewell culture (100 BCE–500 CE). The people in those earlier centuries also built mounds as part of their social, political and religious system. Among their monuments were earthwork effigy mounds , such as Serpent Mound in present-day Ohio. Uncertainty surrounds
8100-454: Was under pressure from traders to allow rum and brandy in trade. Unable to protect themselves, in 1745, some 400 Shawnee migrated from Pennsylvania to Ohio, Kentucky, Alabama and Illinois, hoping to escape the traders' influence. Prior to 1754, the Shawnee had a headquarters at Shawnee Springs at modern-day Cross Junction, Virginia . The father of the later chief Cornstalk held his council there. Several other Shawnee villages were located in
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