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75-430: Changzhou Travel and Tourism Administration regards China Dinosaur Park as the most amusing base for science education . The park focuses on creating a harmonious ecological environment. There are 70 different kinds of trees and more than 4,000 plants in the park. The afforested areas comprise 70 percent of the total area. There are nearly twenty kinds of amusements for tourists to enjoy themselves. The symbolic building in

150-514: A human endeavour." These strands give teachers and educators the framework of how they should be instructing their students. In 2011, it was reported that a major problem that has befallen science education in Australia over the last decade is a falling interest in science. Fewer year 10 students are choosing to study science for year 11, which is problematic as these are the years where students form attitudes to pursue science careers. This issue

225-423: A national level until 1880, the board passed a by-law in 1871 that compelled parents to have their children schooled between the ages of five and thirteen. The LSB was largely successful in their aims and often struggled to keep up with the demand for their services. For instance, by the end of the 1880s, the board was providing school places for more than 350,000 children. This growth was frequently attributed to

300-740: A response to this, the boards were abolished by the Education Act 1902 , which replaced them with local education authorities . In London, the London County Council had been created in 1889 to replace the Metropolitan Board of Works and in 1904 the responsibility for education in London was transferred to the LCC. The LSB held its final meeting on 28 April 1904, with the county council taking over on 1 May. The LCC itself

375-495: A textbook. It has been seen that students, in particular those with learning disabilities, perform better on unit tests after learning science through activities, rather than textbook-based learning. Thus, it is argued that science is better learned through experiential activities. Additionally, it has reported that students, specifically those with learning disabilities, prefer and feel that they learn more effectively through activity-based learning. Information like this can help inform

450-528: Is a matter of social justice as seen by the committee. In 2013 a new standards for science education were released that update the national standards released in 1996. Developed by 26 state governments and national organizations of scientists and science teachers, the guidelines, called the Next Generation Science Standards , are intended to "combat widespread scientific ignorance, to standardize teaching among states, and to raise

525-473: Is a universal subject that spans the branch of knowledge that examines the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment. Science education is most commonly broken down into the following three fields: Biology , chemistry , and physics . Additionally there is a large body of scientific literature that advocates the inclusion of teaching the Nature of Science , which

600-445: Is also outlined that students with disabilities must be properly accommodated for under Common Core standards via an Individualized Education Plan (IEP). Under these standards, the comprehension of scientific writing has become an important skill for students to learn through textbooks. Evidence suggests, however, that students learn science more effectively under hands-on, activity and inquiry based learning, rather than learning from

675-656: Is an organization aimed at getting more students to graduate with science, technology, engineering and mathematics degrees. Public opinion surveys, however, indicate most U.S. parents are complacent about science education and that their level of concern has actually declined in recent years. Furthermore, in the recent National Curriculum Survey conducted by ACT, researchers uncovered a possible disconnect among science educators. "Both middle school/junior high school teachers and post secondary science instructors rate(d) process/inquiry skills as more important than advanced science content topics; high school teachers rate them in exactly

750-430: Is believed by many educators that laboratory work promotes their students' scientific thinking, problem solving skills, and cognitive development. Since 1960, instructional strategies for science education have taken into account Jean Piaget's developmental model, and therefore started introducing concrete materials and laboratory settings, which required students to actively participate in their learning. In addition to

825-407: Is brought about. John D. Bransford , et al., summarized massive research into student thinking as having three key findings: Educational technologies are being refined to meet the specific needs of science teachers. One research study examining how cellphones are being used in post-secondary science teaching settings showed that mobile technologies can increase student engagement and motivation in

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900-545: Is compulsory up until year 11, where students can choose to study one or more of the branches mentioned above. If they wish to no longer study science, they can choose none of the branches. The science stream is one course up until year 11, meaning students learn in all of the branches giving them a broad idea of what science is all about. The National Curriculum Board of Australia (2009) stated that "The science curriculum will be organised around three interrelated strands: science understanding; science inquiry skills; and science as

975-420: Is generally taught as a single subject science until sixth form, then splits into subject-specific A levels ( physics , chemistry and biology ). However, the government has since expressed its desire that those pupils who achieve well at the age of 14 should be offered the opportunity to study the three separate sciences from September 2008. In Scotland the subjects split into chemistry, physics and biology at

1050-573: Is given high priority and is driven by textbooks composed by committees of scientists and teachers. Science education in China places great emphasis on memorization, and gives far less attention to problem solving, application of principles to novel situations, interpretations, and predictions. In English and Welsh schools, science is a compulsory subject in the National Curriculum. All pupils from 5 to 16 years of age must study science. It

1125-886: Is more effective as a model for teaching science. "The Standards call for more than 'science as process,' in which students learn such skills as observing, inferring, and experimenting. Inquiry is central to science learning. When engaging in inquiry, students describe objects and events, ask questions, construct explanations, test those explanations against current scientific knowledge, and communicate their ideas to others. They identify their assumptions, use critical and logical thinking, and consider alternative explanations. In this way, students actively develop their understanding of science by combining scientific knowledge with reasoning and thinking skills." Concern about science education and science standards has often been driven by worries that American students, and even teachers, lag behind their peers in international rankings . One notable example

1200-494: Is not unique in Australia, but is happening in countries all over the world. Educational quality in China suffers because a typical classroom contains 50 to 70 students. With over 200 million students, China has the largest educational system in the world. However, only 20% percent of students complete the rigorous ten-year program of formal schooling. As in many other countries, the science curriculum includes sequenced courses in physics, chemistry, and biology. Science education

1275-597: Is slowly being adopted into the national curricula. Physics education is characterized by the study of science that deals with matter and energy, and their interactions. Physics First , a program endorsed by the American Association of Physics Teachers , is a curriculum in which 9th grade students take an introductory physics course. The purpose is to enrich students' understanding of physics, and allow for more detail to be taught in subsequent high school biology and chemistry classes. It also aims to increase

1350-518: Is the study of living organisms, through different fields including morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution. Depending on the country and education level, there are many approaches to teaching biology. In the United States, there is a growing emphasis on the ability to investigate and analyze biology related questions over an extended period of time. Current biological education standards are based on decisions made by

1425-602: Is the world’s only dinosaur theme park for both business and travel use. It is a comprehensive place which includes shopping, dining, entertainment, lodging. Dino Water Town is the first commercial entertainment park in Changzhou which its concepts of "convenience, open, joy" in principle. Dino Water Town is different from traditional pedestrian street which combines shopping and amusement all together with dinosaurs as its theme. People from various places coming to this scenic place, including local residents in Changzhou. It has become

1500-502: Is used. It stresses the empirical nature and the different methods used in science. The goals of Nature of Science education are stated to be to help students evaluate scientific and pseudo scientific statements, to motivate them to study science and to better prepare them for a career in science or in a field that interacts with science. While the public image of science education may be one of simply learning facts by rote , science education in recent history also generally concentrates on

1575-551: The Conservative cabinet minister, William Henry Smith . The original intention of the board was to provide a sufficient number of school places for the poorest children in London, which were originally estimated at little more than 100,000. The policy adopted by the LSB was to provide London with modern, high-quality schools, whilst compelling parents, by law, to educate their children. Although education would not be compulsory on

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1650-559: The London School Board ( LSB ), was an institution of local government and the first directly elected body covering the whole of London. The Elementary Education Act 1870 ( 33 & 34 Vict. c. 75) was the first to provide for education for the whole population of England and Wales . It created elected school boards , which had power to build and run elementary schools where there were insufficient voluntary school places; they could also compel attendance. In most places,

1725-486: The cumulative voting system gave electors a number of votes equal to the number of seats in the division in which they were voting. The elector could use up as many of their votes on a single candidate as they wished, which meant that minority interests often found representation. The LSB, at the time of its creation had one of the broadest mandates of any elected body in Britain. Unusually, women were permitted to vote on

1800-415: The process of science, including such elements as the scientific method and critical thinking , is often overlooked. This emphasis can produce students who pass standardized tests without having developed complex problem solving skills. Although at the college level American science education tends to be less regulated, it is actually more rigorous, with teachers and professors fitting more content into

1875-433: The 21st century Americans need science education in order to engage in and "systematically investigate issues related to their personal and community priorities," as well as to reason scientifically and know how to apply science knowledge. The committee that designed this new framework sees this imperative as a matter of educational equity to the diverse set of schoolchildren. Getting more diverse students into STEM education

1950-482: The Committee of Ten, who aimed to standardize pre-college learning in 1892. The Committee emphasized the importance of learning natural history (biology) first, focusing on observation through laboratory work. Nature of Science education refers to the study of how science is a human initiative, how it interacts with society, what scientists do, how scientific knowledge is built up and exchanged, how it evolves, how it

2025-503: The LSB's importance can be seen in the number of notable figures who stood for election to the board. The board attracted a number of the leading figures of the day, including the scientist Thomas Huxley , Helen Taylor, stepdaughter of John Stuart Mill , and Lord Lawrence , who served as the LSB's first chairman. The board was also responsible for launching a number of political careers, including those of Charles Reed , Benjamin Waugh , and

2100-528: The NGSS is to establish a standardized Kindergarten to 12th Grade science curriculum. These standards were instituted in hopes that they would reform the past science education system, and foster higher student achievement through improved curriculum and teacher development. The Next Generation Science Standards are made up of three components listed as follows: disciplinary core ideas, science and engineering practices, and crosscutting concepts. These are referred to as

2175-543: The National Academy of Sciences Committee on a Conceptual Framework for New K-12 Science Education Standards developed a guiding framework to standardize K-12 science education with the goal of organizing science education systematically across the K-12 years. Titled A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas , the publication promotes standardizing K-12 science education in

2250-627: The Next Generation Science Standards specifically reference the use of computational tools and simulations. Through the use of computational tools, students participate in computational thinking, a cognitive process in which interacting with computational tools such as computers is a key aspect. As computational thinking becomes increasingly relevant in science, it becomes an increasingly important aspect of learning for science educators to act on. London School Board The School Board for London , commonly known as

2325-416: The United States. It emphasizes science educators to focus on a "limited number of disciplinary core ideas and crosscutting concepts, be designed so that students continually build on and revise their knowledge and abilities over multiple years, and support the integration of such knowledge and abilities with the practices needed to engage in scientific inquiry and engineering design." The report says that in

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2400-679: The active role of the learner, and the significance of current knowledge and understanding in mediating learning, and the importance of teaching that provides an optimal level of guidance to learners. According to a 2004 Policy Forum in Science magazine, "scientific teaching involves active learning strategies to engage students in the process of science and teaching methods that have been systematically tested and shown to reach diverse students." The 2007 volume Scientific Teaching lists three major tenets of scientific teaching: These elements should underlie educational and pedagogical decisions in

2475-548: The age of 13–15 for National 4/5s in these subjects, and there is also a combined science standard grade qualification which students can sit, provided their school offers it. In September 2006 a new science program of study known as 21st Century Science was introduced as a GCSE option in UK schools, designed to "give all 14 to 16-year-old's a worthwhile and inspiring experience of science". In November 2013, Ofsted's survey of science in schools revealed that practical science teaching

2550-429: The classroom. The " SCALE-UP " learning environment is an example of applying the scientific teaching approach. In practice, scientific teaching employs a "backward design" approach. The instructor first decides what the students should know and be able to do (learning goals), then determines what would be evidence of student achievement of the learning goals, then designs assessments to measure this achievement. Finally,

2625-399: The compulsory additional science course, which results in them taking 4 papers resulting in 2 GCSEs, opposed to the 3 GCSEs given by taking separate science. In many U.S. states, K-12 educators must adhere to rigid standards or frameworks of what content is to be taught to which age groups. This often leads teachers to rush to "cover" the material, without truly "teaching" it. In addition,

2700-589: The creative impulse, [reducing] the adventure of mankind to a dusty heap of theorems. Specific hands-on illustrations of this approach are available. The practice of science education has been increasingly informed by research into science teaching and learning. Research in science education relies on a wide variety of methodologies , borrowed from many branches of science and engineering such as computer science, cognitive science, cognitive psychology and anthropology. Science education research aims to define or characterize what constitutes learning in science and how it

2775-771: The curriculum from its inception to now. However, the movement to incorporate a humanistic approach, such as inclusion of the arts (S.T.E.A.M.) , science, technology, society and environment education is growing and being implemented more broadly in the late 20th century. Reports by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), including Project 2061, and by the National Committee on Science Education Standards and Assessment detail goals for science education that link classroom science to practical applications and societal implications. Science

2850-647: The curriculum. Sharp is said to have established a model for science to be taught throughout the British public school system. The British Academy for the Advancement of Science (BAAS) published a report in 1867 calling for the teaching of "pure science" and training of the "scientific habit of mind." The progressive education movement supported the ideology of mental training through the sciences. BAAS emphasized separate pre-professional training in secondary science education. In this way, future BAAS members could be prepared. The initial development of science teaching

2925-416: The development of understanding for students through the entire course of their K-12 education and beyond. The traditional subjects included in the standards are physical , life , earth , space , and human sciences . The first person credited with being employed as a science teacher in a British public school was William Sharp , who left the job at Rugby School in 1850 after establishing science to

3000-558: The dinosaur car". Another attractive place in the park is the hot spring pool. Every year there is a big festival in the park called International Lantern Festival . During this festival, there are many fireworks and beautiful lanterns in the park. If there is any festival approaching, Changzhou China Dinosaur Park will also present a big parade in which many people dressed in cartoon costumes dance and sing together. The parade sometimes shows classic scenes from cartoon films or computer games, such as 'Baby Dinosaur'. The Dino-Valley Hot Springs

3075-408: The effectiveness of these themes could lie in the fact that these concepts are important throughout all of the scientific disciplines. The intention is that by learning them, students will create a broad understanding of science. The dimension entitled "disciplinary core ideas" outlines a set of key ideas for each scientific field. For example, physical science has a certain set of core ideas laid out by

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3150-516: The empirical methods of science. The dimension entitled "crosscutting concepts" emphasizes the understanding of key themes within the field of science. The "crosscutting concepts" are themes that are consistently relevant throughout many different scientific disciplines, such as the flow of energy/matter, cause/effect, systems/system practices, patterns, the relationship between structure and function, and stability/change. The purpose of outlining these key themes relates to generalized learning, meaning that

3225-485: The framework. Common Core education standards emphasize on reading, writing, and communication skills. The purpose of these standards for English and Mathematics was to create measurable goals for student learning that are aligned with the standards in place in other nations, such that students in the United States become prepared to succeed at a global level. It is meant to set standards for academics that are rigorous in nature and prepare students for higher education. It

3300-460: The general appearance of the districts in which they were constructed. Although school board architecture drew a considerable amount of criticism at the time, the schools were often sturdy and practical structures, and many schools constructed during this period are still in use. Although the school boards had been largely successful in increasing the number of children attending school in Britain, they were perceived as bureaucratic and expensive. As

3375-466: The good of society. Another goal was to prepare some students to succeed in college. This committee supported the citizen science approach focused on mental training and withheld performance in science studies from consideration for college entrance. The BAAS encouraged their longer standing model in the UK. The US adopted a curriculum was characterized as follows: The format of shared mental training and pre-professional training consistently dominated

3450-516: The importance of the laboratory in learning and teaching science, there has been an increase in the importance of learning using computational tools. The use of computational tools, which have become extremely prevalent in STEM fields as a result of the advancement of technology, has been shown to support science learning. The learning of computational science in the classroom is becoming foundational to students' learning of modern science concepts. In fact,

3525-415: The instructor plans the learning activities, which should facilitate student learning through scientific discovery. Along with John Dewey , Jerome Bruner , and many others , Arthur Koestler offers a critique of contemporary science education and proposes its replacement with the guided-discovery approach: To derive pleasure from the art of discovery, as from the other arts, the consumer—in this case

3600-410: The major subjects taught in secondary schools. The committee was composed of ten educators and chaired by Charles Eliot of Harvard University. The Committee of Ten appointed nine conferences committees: Latin ; Greek ; English ; Other Modern Languages ; Mathematics ; History ; Civil Government and Political Economy ; physics, astronomy, and chemistry; natural history; and geography. Each committee

3675-501: The new "City Living Room" and the most popular, cultural, and fashion entertainment center in Changzhou. Science education Science education is the teaching and learning of science to school children, college students, or adults within the general public. The field of science education includes work in science content, science process (the scientific method ), some social science , and some teaching pedagogy . The standards for science education provide expectations for

3750-403: The number of high school graduates who choose scientific and technical majors in college...." Included are guidelines for teaching students about topics such as climate change and evolution. An emphasis is teaching the scientific process so that students have a better understanding of the methods of science and can critically evaluate scientific evidence. Organizations that contributed to developing

3825-563: The number of students who go on to take 12th grade physics or AP Physics, which are generally elective courses in American high schools. Physics education in high schools in the United States has suffered the last twenty years because many states now only require three sciences, which can be satisfied by earth/physical science, chemistry, and biology. The fact that many students do not take physics in high school makes it more difficult for those students to take scientific courses in college. At

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3900-438: The opposite order." Perhaps more communication among educators at the different grade levels in necessary to ensure common goals for students. According to a report from the National Academy of Sciences, the fields of science, technology, and education hold a paramount place in the modern world, but there are not enough workers in the United States entering the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) professions. In 2012

3975-463: The park is the museum of dinosaurs. The museum covers about 20,000 square meters, and contains more than ten halls, including "Evolution Hall" and "Woods Hall". The first floor of the museum is taken up by the skeleton of a dinosaur. You can also see many kinds of fossils of dinosaurs in the museum. In addition, there are a lot of amusing high-fidelity game facilities. All the games are related to dinosaurs, such as "Pterodactyl's movement" and "Hot dance of

4050-552: The particular nature of physics. Research on students' conceptions has shown that most pre-instructional (everyday) ideas that students bring to physics instruction are in stark contrast to the physics concepts and principles to be achieved – from kindergarten to the tertiary level. Quite often students' ideas are incompatible with physics views. This also holds true for students' more general patterns of thinking and reasoning. As in England and Wales, science education in Australia

4125-473: The quality of school premises, which were often far superior to those of private or charity schools. The board was responsible for constructing over four hundred schools across London. An important figure in this process was Edward Robert Robson , the board's first chief architect. Robson was responsible for designing many of the school buildings erected by the board. The board's policy was to construct schools which would be attractive, and would serve to improve

4200-505: The same terms as men for the school boards and also to stand for election. Three women stood in the first board election in 1870: Elizabeth Garrett , who topped the poll, Emily Davies , who also won election, and Maria Georgina Grey . When the second elections were held, in 1873, Garrett and Davies stood down, to be replaced by Jane Agnes Chessar and Alice Cowell, while in 1876, Florence Fenwick Miller , Elizabeth Surr , Helen Taylor and Alice Westlake all won election. One measure of

4275-497: The same time period. In 1996, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences of the U.S. National Academies produced the National Science Education Standards , which is available online for free in multiple forms. Its focus on inquiry-based science , based on the theory of constructivism rather than on direct instruction of facts and methods, remains controversial. Some research suggests that it

4350-402: The school boards were based on borough districts or civil parishes , but in London the board covered the whole area of the Metropolitan Board of Works – the area today known as Inner London . Between 1870 and 1904, the LSB was the single largest educational provider in London and the infrastructure and policies it developed were an important influence on London schooling long after the body

4425-439: The science classroom. According to a bibliography on constructivist -oriented research on teaching and learning science in 2005, about 64 percent of studies documented are carried out in the domain of physics, 21 percent in the domain of biology, and 15 percent in chemistry. The major reason for this dominance of physics in the research on teaching and learning appears to be that understanding physics includes difficulties due to

4500-715: The standards include the National Science Teachers Association , the American Association for the Advancement of Science , the National Research Council , and Achieve, a nonprofit organization that was also involved in developing math and English standards. Science education curriculum in the United States is outlined by the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) which were released in April 2013. The purpose of

4575-464: The student—must be made to re-live, to some extent, the creative process. In other words, he must be induced, with proper aid and guidance, to make some of the fundamental discoveries of science by himself, to experience in his own mind some of those flashes of insight which have lightened its path. . . . The traditional method of confronting the student not with the problem but with the finished solution, means depriving him of all excitement, [shutting] off

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4650-756: The teaching of science concepts and addressing misconceptions that learners may hold regarding science concepts or other content. Thomas Kuhn , whose 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions greatly influenced the post-positivist philosophy of science, argued that the traditional method of teaching in the natural sciences tends to produce a rigid mindset . Since the 1980s, science education has been strongly influenced by constructivist thinking. Constructivism in science education has been informed by an extensive research programme into student thinking and learning in science, and in particular exploring how teachers can facilitate conceptual change towards canonical scientific thinking. Constructivism emphasises

4725-486: The three dimensions of the Next Generation Science Standards. Within these standards, there is emphasis on alignment with K-12 Common Core state standards. The dimension entitled "science and engineering practices" focuses on students' learning of the scientific method. This means that this dimension centers around practicing science in a hands-on manner, giving students the opportunity to observe scientific processes, hypothesize, and observe results. This dimension highlights

4800-458: The transformations that they undergo. Chemistry is the study of chemicals and the elements and their effects and attributes. Students in chemistry learn the periodic table. The branch of science education known as "chemistry must be taught in a relevant context in order to promote full understanding of current sustainability issues." As this source states chemistry is a very important subject in school as it teaches students to understand issues in

4875-402: The university/college level, using appropriate technology -related projects to spark non-physics majors' interest in learning physics has been shown to be successful. This is a potential opportunity to forge the connection between physics and social benefit. Chemistry education is characterized by the study of science that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of substances and

4950-432: The way science is taught and how it can be taught most effectively for students of all abilities. The laboratory is a foundational example of hands-on, activity-based learning. In the laboratory, students use materials to observe scientific concepts and phenomena. The laboratory in science education can include multiple different phases. These phases include planning and design, performance, and analysis and interpretation. It

5025-414: The world. As children are interested by the world around them chemistry teachers can attract interest in turn educating the students further. The subject of chemistry is a very practical based subject meaning most of class time is spent working or completing experiments. Biology education is characterized by the study of structure, function, heredity, and evolution of all living organisms. Biology itself

5100-612: Was a scatter of subjects prior to its standardization in the 1890s. The development of a science curriculum emerged gradually after extended debate between two ideologies, citizen science and pre-professional training. As a result of a conference of thirty leading secondary and college educators in Florida, the National Education Association appointed a Committee of Ten in 1892, which had authority to organize future meetings and appoint subject matter committees of

5175-879: Was abolished. The entire board was elected every three years, with the first elections held in November 1870. The LSB originally consisted of forty-nine members elected from ten divisions, based around London's constituencies or the Districts formed under the Metropolis Management Act 1855 . Four divisions, representing the City , Southwark, Chelsea and Greenwich returned four members each. The divisions of Lambeth, Tower Hamlets, Hackney and Westminster returned five members each. Finally, Finsbury and Marylebone returned six and seven members respectively. The membership increased over time: to 50 in 1876 when Lambeth

5250-769: Was built in 2008 with an area of 280 mu (0.19 km). It is also a part of the Dinosaur Park system. It upholds the concepts of being natural, healthy, fashion, and romantic in principle. The whole project includes a hot springs theme park, lodging center, conference center, luxury dining service, and SPA. It is evaluated as a “5A” scenic area and a member of the Executive Council Unit by China Tourist Association. The whole project consists of nearly forty pools, including some interesting ones such as Red Wine Pool, Fish Pool, and Chinese Medicine Pool. Open since 2014 with an area of 137 thousand square meters. It

5325-571: Was composed of ten leading specialists from colleges, normal schools, and secondary schools. Committee reports were submitted to the Committee of Ten, which met for four days in New York City , to create a comprehensive report. In 1894, the NEA published the results of the work of these conference committees. According to the Committee of Ten, the goal of high school was to prepare all students to do well in life, contributing to their well-being and

5400-462: Was given an extra member, to 51 in 1882 when the representation of Chelsea increased to five members and to 55 in 1885 when Lambeth was sub-divided into two smaller divisions: Lambeth East and Lambeth West with four and six members respectively. The electoral system of the LSB contained several innovations. Firstly, the board's election of 1870 was polled by secret ballot , being the first large-scale election to use this approach in Britain. Secondly,

5475-423: Was not considered important enough. At the majority of English schools, students have the opportunity to study a separate science program as part of their GCSEs, which results in them taking 6 papers at the end of Year 11; this usually fills one of their option 'blocks' and requires more science lessons than those who choose not to partake in separate science or are not invited. Other students who choose not to follow

5550-426: Was slowed by the lack of qualified teachers. One key development was the founding of the first London School Board in 1870, which discussed the school curriculum; another was the initiation of courses to supply the country with trained science teachers. In both cases the influence of Thomas Henry Huxley . John Tyndall was also influential in the teaching of physical science. In the United States, science education

5625-595: Was the wave of education reforms implemented after the Soviet Union launched its Sputnik satellite in 1957. The first and most prominent of these reforms was led by the Physical Science Study Committee at MIT . In recent years, business leaders such as Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates have called for more emphasis on science education, saying the United States risks losing its economic edge. To this end, Tapping America's Potential

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