The following is a list of rulers of the Kingdom of Naples , from its first separation from the Kingdom of Sicily to its merger with the same into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies .
18-714: The Chinèa was the name attached to a tribute paid by the Kings of Naples as vassals to the Popes . The tribute was apparently first recognized by the Norman King of Sicily in 1059. The Chinea reached its greatest magnitude from about 1550 to 1776, with grand temporary structures being erected during the celebration all over Rome in honor of the Pope. The Chinea ceremony itself was instituted under Charles I of Naples and Pope Clement IV , and lasted in ceremonial form till 1776, and as
36-529: A Neapolitan nobleman, including over the years, members of the Colonna , Sanseverino , or Carafa families. The term chinea is thought to derive from the French word for a Hackney horse: ( haquennée ). In 1776, on the pretext of mob rowdiness during the ceremony, King Ferdinand IV of Naples and his foreign minister, Bernardo Tanucci , as well as the philosopher Domenico Caracciolo , attempted to eliminate
54-568: A monetary obligation until 1855. The ceremony included the gift of a white horse, elegantly attired and carrying by the late 1700s the equivalent of 7,000 ducats in silver. The presentation took place annually on June 29, the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul , and was followed by elaborate festivities in Rome. The horse itself was paraded in Saint Peter's Basilica . The presentation was always made by
72-579: A unified state. The local government was ruled by a Spanish viceroy . The royal houses were: Joanna III was kept confined under alleged insanity during her whole reign. Officially a Republic , Naples was governed for a short time by the Duke of Guise , under the title of " Doge of Naples ". Naples returned to its former status; in personal union with the Crown of Aragon and the Spanish monarchy. Under
90-603: A war with the Muslim Kingdom of Granada , he conquered the town of Antequera (1410), whence his surname. After Ferdinand's maternal uncle, King Martin I of Aragon (Martin II of Sicily), died without surviving legitimate issue, Ferdinand was chosen King of Aragon in 1412 to succeed him in the Compromise of Caspe . The other candidate, Count James II of Urgell (see Counts of Urgell ), revolted and Ferdinand dissolved
108-743: The County of Urgell in 1413. Ferdinand created the title of Prince of Girona for the heir of the Crown of Aragon on 19 February 1416. The most notable accomplishment of his brief reign was his agreement in 1416 to depose the Antipope Benedict XIII , thereby helping to end the Western Schism , which had divided the Roman Catholic Church for nearly 40 years. He is buried in the Crown of Aragon's royal pantheon of
126-688: The House of Valois-Anjou only had an empty claim. One of their members, Louis II , succeeded in ruling Naples for a time. Time as claimant instead of actual rule will be shown in italic. Joanna II recognised Louis III of Anjou as heir in 1423, however he died in 1434 before succeeding to the throne. His brother René of Anjou succeeded to the claim and became king upon Joanna's death in 1435. Before Louis of Anjou, Queen Joanna II's adopted heir had been Alfonso V of Aragon. His father, Ferdinand I of Aragon had inherited both Aragon & Sicily from his maternal uncle Martin I of Aragon . Martin, in turn had claimed
144-643: The French in the Treaty of Granada . Naples, alongside Sicily entered in a personal union with the Kingdom of Aragon , which lasted for over 2 centuries. Over time, the Crown of Aragon and the Crown of Castile merged to form the Monarchy of Spain , known colloquially as the "Kingdom of Spain", though the constituent crowns (Castile, Aragon, Sicily, Naples) retained their own institutions, and were ruled officially as separate states in personal union rather than as
162-539: The House of Anjou-Taranto • Potential claimant to the throne through the male line if Joanna died childless, but he and his line also died out. • Member of the House of Anjou-Durazzo Joanna of Naples had refused to name her enemy Charles of Durazzo as heir to the Neapolitan throne despite him ending up succeeding her anyway. If Charles' line was ignored, the subsequent heirs would be
180-562: The Just (or the Honest ) was king of Aragon , Valencia , Majorca , Sardinia and (nominal) Corsica and king of Sicily , duke (nominal) of Athens and Neopatria , and count of Barcelona , Roussillon and Cerdanya (1412–1416). He was also regent of Castile (1406–1416). He was the first Castillian ruler of the Crown of Aragon . Ferdinand was born 27 November 1380 in Medina del Campo ,
198-425: The descendants of Margaret, Countess of Anjou , a daughter of Charles II of Naples ; the line pointed to the kings of France of the House of Valois . Joanna chose this line, though she named as heir, her second cousin once removed, Louis of Valois-Anjou , the second son of King John II of France , in order to avoid a personal union with France. As Charles III had already seized the Neapolitan throne, initially
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#1732776619986216-409: The monastery of Poblet , in a magnificent tomb ordered by his son Alfonso to Pere Oller in 1417. The Italian humanist Lorenzo Valla wrote an official biography of Ferdinand, Historiarum Ferdinandi regis Aragonum libri sex . In 1394 Ferdinand married Eleanor of Alburquerque (1374–1435). They had seven children: "He was tall, a little more than average, and thin and ruddy, and his cheeks had
234-697: The terms of the Peace of Utrecht the crown of Naples passed to the Austrian Habsburgs . In 1734 Spanish troops conquered the Kingdom of Naples, which was surrendered to Charles of Bourbon under the Treaty of Vienna (1738) . Naples was merged with Sicily to form Kingdom of Two Sicilies . Ferdinand I of Aragon Ferdinand I (Spanish: Fernando I ; 27 November 1380 – 2 April 1416 in Igualada, Òdena) named Ferdinand of Antequera and also
252-950: The throne of Sicily following the extinction of the Sicillian branch of the House of Barcelona , thereby bringing Sicily under the Aragonese crown. Alfonso refused to be disinherited and conquered Naples from René of Anjou in 1442. Although both Sicily & Naples were once again under the rule of the single monarch since the Sicillian Vespers, Alfonso passed the Aragonese throne (including Sicily) to his brother John , while Naples went to his illegitimate son Ferdinand. Upon his death in 1480, René of Anjou transferred his claim to his nephew, Charles IV, Duke of Anjou . Charles died in 1481 and willed his claim to Louis XI of France . His son Charles VIII attempted to take Naples by force, but failed and died childless in 1498. Charles VIII
270-658: The tribute, but in the end while the ceremony and accompanying sanction of royal rule were eliminated, a simple monetary tribute continued. In 1855, during the papacy of Pius IX , in the hope of abolishing the tradition altogether, Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies paid 10,000 scudi for the Column of the Immaculate Conception in Piazza di Spagna , Rome. Kings of Naples In 1382, the Kingdom of Naples
288-684: The younger son of King John I of Castile and Eleanor of Aragon . On 15 August 1403 in Medina del Campo , Ferdinand founded a new order of knighthood, the Order of the Jar . In 1406, upon the death of his elder brother, King Henry III of Castile , Ferdinand declined the Castilian crown and instead, with Henry's widow Catherine of Lancaster , became coregent during the minority of his nephew John II of Castile . In this capacity he distinguished himself by his prudent administration of domestic affairs. In
306-587: Was inherited by Charles of Durazzo , King of Hungary , great grandson of King Charles II of Naples. After this, the House of Anjou of Naples was renamed House of Anjou-Durazzo , when Charles married his first cousin Margaret of Durazzo , member of a prominent Neapolitan noble family. • Following the Sicilian Vespers in 1282, the island of Sicily was lost to Peter III of Aragon • Grandson of Charles II; member of
324-510: Was succeeded by his 2nd cousin once removed Louis XII . Louis had no claim to the Neapolitan throne, but as successor to Charles VIII in France he nevertheless wanted to succeed him in Naples as well. Naples was conquered in 1501 and became part of a personal union with the Kingdom of France . The local government was ruled by a French viceroy . Ferdinand II of Aragon conquered Naples from
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