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65-709: As of December 2023, the CDL had around 356,900 members. Its membership mostly consists of mid and senior-level intellectuals in the fields of culture, education, natural and social sciences, and technology. The CDL is the second-ranking minor party in China after the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang . It currently has 56 seats in the National People's Congress , 9 seats in

130-517: A baccalauréat professionnel for students who do not plan to continue into higher education. Nearly 100 specialties are covered. In France, at post-secondary level, there are also university technical institutes (in French: " Institut Universitaire de Technologie ") offering vocational bachelor's degrees . A vocational school in Ireland is a type of secondary education school which places

195-577: A meesterproef ( masterpiece ) - they were called meester ( master craftsman ). In 1795, all of the guilds in the Netherlands were disbanded by Napoleon , and with them the guild vocational schooling system. After the French occupation, in the 1820s, the need for quality education caused more and more cities to form day and evening schools for various trades. In 1854, the society Maatschappij tot verbetering van den werkenden stand (society to improve

260-489: A trade school , or technical school ) is a type of educational institution, which, depending on the country, may refer to either secondary or post-secondary education designed to provide vocational education or technical skills required to complete the tasks of a particular and specific job. In the case of secondary education, these schools differ from academic high schools which usually prepare students who aim to pursue tertiary education, rather than enter directly into

325-428: A CEGEP directly out of high school, and then complete three years at a university (rather than the usual four), to earn an undergraduate degree. Alternatively, some CEGEPs offer vocational training, but it is more likely that vocational training will be found at institutions separate from academic institutions, though they may still be called colleges. Although many (if not most) vocational programs are in high school. In

390-738: A bachelors degree like in classical university, and after 5 years they get a professional specialist degree. In Greece vocational school is known as Vocational Lyceum (2006–Present), it was named Technical Vocational Lyceum (1985–1998). It is an upper secondary education school (high school) of Greece, with a three-year duration. Some have a wide range of majors, others only a few majors. Vocational majors are in Electrical Installation, Electronics and Automation, Meganotronics, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning Cooling, Nursing, Hairdressing, Graphic Design, Food Technology, Dental Technology, Aesthetic and Makeup, and others. The Finnish system

455-483: A college in different parts of Central and Eastern Europe. Technicums provided a middle level of vocational education. Aside of technicums and PTU there also were vocational schools ( Russian : Профессиональные училища) that also provided a middle level of vocational education. In 1920-30s Ukraine, technicums were a (technical) vocational institutes , however, during the 1930-32s Soviet educational reform they were degraded in their accreditation. Institutes were considered

520-456: A free daily school lunch. Tools and practice material are provided to the students for free. Any necessary books are also free for all students born during or after 2005. In tertiary education, there are higher vocational schools ( ammattikorkeakoulu which is translated to "polytechnic" or "university of applied sciences"), which give three- to four-year degrees in more involved fields, like engineering (see insinööri (amk) ) and nursing. Having

585-468: A higher level of education; however, unlike universities, they were more oriented to a particular trade. With the reorganization of the Soviet education system, most institutes have been renamed as technical universities. In ex-Yugoslavian countries (Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Montenegro and North Macedonia) there are technical high schools that can have three or four years courses. If

650-480: A large emphasis on vocational and technical education ; this led to some conflict in the 1960s when the Regional Technical College system was in development. Since 2013 the schools have been managed by Education and Training Boards , which replaced Vocational Education Committees which were largely based on city or county boundaries. Establishment of the schools is largely provided by

715-679: A modified year 12 certificate and commence a school-based apprenticeship in a trade of their choice. There are two trade colleges in Queensland; Brisbane, the Gold Coast, Australian Industry Trade College and one in Adelaide, St. Patrick's Technical College, and another in Perth, Australian Trades College. In Queensland, students can also undertake VET at private and public high schools instead of studying for their overall position (OP), which

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780-414: A person finishes three year course he will get a trade degree, or a technician degree if he finishes four. After technical high school a person can go to university. In Croatia there are two types of universities where people can continue their education: Classical universities (Sveučilište) and Universities of applied sciences (Veleučilište). In Universities of applied sciences, after three years students get

845-446: A total of about 50 trades. The basic categories of education are The vocational schools are usually owned by the municipalities, but in special cases, private or state vocational schools exist. The state grants aid to all vocational schools on the same basis, regardless of the owner. On the other hand, the vocational schools are not allowed to operate for profit. The Ministry of Education issues licences to provide vocational education. In

910-433: A vocational degree also qualifies a person to apply to a university. In contrast to the vocational school, an academically orientated upper secondary school, or senior high school ( Finnish : lukio ) teaches no vocational skills. It prepares students for entering the university or a higher vocational school. In France, the lycée professionnel (LP, formerly known as a lycée d'enseignement professionnel (LEP)) grants

975-410: A year, and their training and certifications are rarely recognized by the larger academic world. In addition, as most career colleges are private schools , this group may be further subdivided into non-profit schools and proprietary schools, operated for the sole economic benefit of their owners. As a result of this emphasis on the commercialization of education, a widespread poor reputation for quality

1040-465: Is a tertiary entrance score. However these students usually undertake more limited vocational education of one day per week whereas in the trade colleges the training is longer. Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, and education evolved independently in each province, much like separate countries. Vocational School is an old antiquated term that was previously used until the late 1960s when

1105-417: Is divided between vocational and academic paths. Currently about 47 percent of Finnish students at age 16 go to vocational school. The vocational school is a secondary school for ages 16–21, and prepares the students for entering the workforce. The curriculum includes little academic general education, while the practical skills of each trade are stressed. The education is divided into eight main categories with

1170-436: Is represented in the forms of (professional) vocational technical schools often abbreviated as PTU, technical colleges (technikum) and technical high school. Vocational school or Vocational college is considered a post-secondary education type school, but combines the coursework of a high school and junior college stretching for six years. In Ukraine, the term is used mostly for sports schools sometimes interchangeably with

1235-707: Is the National Congress, held every five years. The National Congress has the powers to amend the Party constitution, elects the Central Committee, and hears the outgoing Central Committee's work report. The Central Committee is the Party's highest body between Congresses. The Central Committee convenes annually, and elects the Standing Committee of the Central Committee, including its chairperson and vice chairpersons. As of December 2023,

1300-483: Is the largest American national education association dedicated to the advancement of career and technical education or vocational education that prepares youth and adults for careers. Earlier vocational schools such as the California Institute of Technology and Carnegie Mellon University have gone on to become full degree-granting institutions. In Central and Eastern Europe , vocational education

1365-966: The Haagsche Kookschool in The Hague . In 1968 the Mammoetwet law changed all of this, effectively dissolving the Ambachtsschool and the Huishoudschool. The name was changed to LTS ( lagere technische school , lower technical school), where mainly boys went because of its technical nature, and the other option, where most girls went, was LBO ( lager beroepsonderwijs , lower vocational education). In 1992 both LTS and LBO changed to VBO ( voorbereidend beroepsonderwijs , preparatory vocational education) and since 1999 VBO together with MAVO ( middelbaar algemeen voortgezet onderwijs , intermediate general secondary education) changed to

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1430-788: The NPC Standing Committee and 65 seats in the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference . Its current chairman is Ding Zhongli . The China Democratic Political League was established in Chongqing on 19 March 1941, and changed its name to the China Democratic League in September 1944. At its formation, it was a coalition of three pro- democracy parties and three pressure groups . Its two main goals were to support China's war effort during

1495-686: The Second Sino-Japanese War and to provide a centrist "third force" between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party. Influential members or supporters included Zhang Dongsun , Carsun Chang , Luo Longji , Pan Guangdan , Huang Yanpei , Fei Xiaotong , Li Huang of the Young China Party , Wu Han , Chu Anping , and Wen Yiduo . After the war, many Americans in China were sympathetic to

1560-529: The United States , there is a very large difference between career college and vocational college. The term career college is generally reserved for post-secondary for-profit institutions. Conversely, vocational schools are government-owned or at least government-supported institutions, requiring two full years of study, and their credits are usually accepted elsewhere in the academic world. In some instances, charter academies or magnet schools may take

1625-804: The Vice Chairwoman of the People's Republic of China and Honorary Chairwoman of the People's Republic of China . Li Jishen served as Vice Chairman of the Central People's Government and Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission . Today, the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang focuses on improving relations with the Kuomintang on Taiwan , and its membership mainly consists of

1690-425: The 1920-30s, such PTUs were called schools of factory and plant apprenticeship, and later 1940s - vocational schools. Sometime after 1959, the name PTU was established, however, with the reorganization of the Soviet educational system these vocational schools were renamed into lyceums. There were several types of PTUs such as middle city PTU and rural PTU. Technical college (technicum) is becoming an obsolete term for

1755-460: The CDL had around 356,900 members. Of this total, 23.26% were from the field of advanced education, 27.46% were from the field of compulsory education, 6.79% were in art and the press, and 5.35% in other key areas of labor. The leader of the Party is officially called the Chairperson of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League. Between 19 March 1941 and 19 September 1944, the office

1820-601: The Central Committee of the RCCK. According to its constitution, the RCCK is officially committed to socialism with Chinese characteristics and upholding the leadership of the CPC. Among the official political parties of the PRC, the Revolutionary Committee is officially ranked second after the CCP, being the first-ranking minor party. The Central Committee of the Revolutionary Committee of

1885-836: The Chinese Kuomintang The Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang ( RCCK ; also commonly known, especially when referenced historically, as the Left Kuomintang or Left Guomindang ), commonly abbreviated in Chinese as Minge (民革), is one of the eight minor political parties in the People's Republic of China under the direction of the Chinese Communist Party . It was founded in January 1948, during

1950-522: The Chinese Kuomintang is the highest body of the RCCK between National Congresses. It has six working departments: The Central Committee additionally owns the newspapers Unity Daily ( 团结报 ; Tuánjié Bào ) and Unity ( 团结 ; Tuánjié ). The Central Committee is headed by a chairperson, who is assisted by several vice chairpersons. The current leaders of the RCCK are: According to the State Council Information Office ,

2015-400: The Kuomintang, throughout mainland China. The Revolutionary Committee operates a range of party-owned institutions, such as party schools. The RCCK currently has 41 seats in the National People's Congress , 6 seats in the NPC Standing Committee and 65 seats in the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference . Its current chairman is Zheng Jianbang . After the end of World War II ,

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2080-589: The League adopted a constitution, which stipulated that its program was "to hold high the banner of patriotism and socialism , implement the basic line for the primary stage of socialism , safeguard stability in the society, strengthen services to national unity and strive for the promotion of socialist modernisation, establishment and improvement of a market economy , enhancement of political restructuring and socialist spiritual civilisation, emancipation and development of productive forces , consolidation and expansion of

2145-522: The League declared themselves to be neither left nor right, favoring neither liberal democracy nor socialist democracy . Although the report praised elements of Western liberal democracies, it also criticized the economic inequalities that existed in Western capitalist societies. The report thus concluded that the best form of democracy for China would incorporate elements of both "Western political democracy" and "Soviet economic democracy". To achieve this,

2210-579: The League hoped to work with both the Nationalists and the Communists in a coalition government to write a new constitution. However, the League is also seen as a liberal-democratic "third force" alternative movement compared to the Nationalists ( Chiangism ) and the Communists ( Maoism ) who favor authoritarian political agendas. Disillusionment with the Nationalist government, which outlawed

2275-896: The League in 1947, and infiltration by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) caused the League to lean towards the CCP during the second phase of the Chinese Civil War . Thereafter, two of its constituent parties, the China National Socialist Party and the Young China Party, left the League to join the Nationalists in Taiwan . The remaining constituent party left later and eventually became the Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party in February 1947. The three interest groups were

2340-442: The League. Theodore White wrote that if "the men of the middle group were well organized, they could guarantee peace. But they are not. They lack an army, a political machine, roots in any social class. Only the spread of education and industry can create enough men of the modern world to give them a broad social base." In October 1945, the League released a report reaffirming its political commitments and outlining its goals. In it,

2405-827: The National Salvation Association, the Rural Reconstruction Association, and the Vocational Education Society. The NSA, by far the largest and most popular of the interest groups, was inspired by the National Salvation Armies and existed to encourage resistance against Japan, but became irrelevant after the war's end. The RRA was an agrarianist lobby formed from the Rural Reconstruction Movement , which

2470-544: The RCCK consists "mainly of people who have links with the KMT, have historical and social connections with the committee, or have relationships with Taiwan compatriots, along with specialists in social and legal affairs, and in business relating to agriculture, rural areas, and rural people". In December 2022, the party had around 158,000 members. 李济深 何香凝 朱蕴山 王昆仑 屈武 朱学范 李沛瑶 何鲁丽 周铁农 万鄂湘 郑建邦 Vocational school A vocational school , (alternatively known as

2535-570: The central leadership of the organization. In 1949, Li Jishen and other representatives of the RCCK were invited by the CPC to participate in Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference . After the founding of the People's Republic of China in October 1949, members of the Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee maintained positions in the municipal and central governments. In November 1949,

2600-626: The current VMBO ( voorbereidend middelbaar beroepsonderwijs , preparatory intermediate vocational education). In India vocational schools are mainly run by the government under the guidance of the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship. Courses offered by the Government of India are Udaan, Polytechnics, Parvaaz, National Rural Livelihood Mission, Industrial Training Institutes, Aajeevika mission of national rural livelihood, Craftsmen Training Scheme. The Skill India movement has empowered

2665-694: The curriculum has changed so that no matter which type of school one attends, they can still attend any post-secondary institution and still study a variety of subjects and others (either academic or practical). In Ontario, the Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities divided post-secondary education into universities, community colleges and private career colleges. In the Province of Quebec, there are some vocational programs offered at institutions called CEGEPs ( collège d'enseignement général et professionnel ), but these too may function as an introduction to university. Generally, students complete two years at

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2730-490: The descendants of Kuomintang revolutionaries. It recruits members with current ties to Taiwan who support Chinese unification . The RCCK is one of the eight minor parties under the leadership of the CCP. The highest body of the RCCK officially is the National Congress, which is held every five years. The 14th National Congress, held in December 2022, was the most recently held Party Congress. The National Congress elects

2795-661: The education system evolved from basic primary education to include High School and then technical schools or colleges in the mid 1960s. In the past (pre mid 1960s) some provinces Vocational schools in Western Canada were sometimes called " colleges " in Canada. However, a college may also refer to an institution that offers part of a university degree, or credits that may be transferred to a university. In Ontario Technical schools like Central Technical School in Toronto, which

2860-597: The first joint representative meeting of the Kuomintang left was held in Hong Kong ; on 1 January 1948, the meeting announced the official establishment of the "Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee", and nominated Soong Ching-ling , the widow of Sun Yat-sen, as the Honorary Chairwoman of the Revolutionary Committee (despite Soong Ching-ling never formally joining the commission). Chairman Li Jishen , He Xiangning , and Feng Yuxiang were selected as

2925-507: The height of the Chinese Civil War , by members of the left-wing of the Kuomintang (KMT), especially those who were against Chiang Kai-shek 's policies. The first chairman of the party was General Li Jishen , a senior Nationalist military commander who had many disputes with Chiang over the years, while Soong Ching-ling (the widow of Sun Yat-sen ) was named Honorary Chairwoman. Other early leading members were Wang Kunlun , Cheng Qian , He Xiangning and Tao Zhiyue . The party claims to be

2990-693: The licence, the municipality or a private entity is given permission to train a yearly quota of students for specific trades. The licence also specifies the area where the school must be located and the languages used in the education. The vocational school students are selected by the schools on the basis of criteria set by the Ministry of Education. The basic qualification for the study is completed nine-year comprehensive school. Anyone may seek admission in any vocational school regardless of their domicile. In certain trades, bad health or invalidity may be acceptable grounds for refusing admission. The students do not pay tuition and they must be provided with health care and

3055-494: The mid 1960s a Vocational School was a trades or job training school that provided training in a very focused trades related area, and these were started in the early 1950s, and the few that existed were merged as departments of the Community colleges that were established starting in the mid 1960s . Secondary schools had evolved into three separated streams: technical schools, commercial and collegiates (the academic schools). By

3120-408: The mid 1960s in suburban areas purpose built High Schools for slow learners or individuals that were being trained for jobs after high school was also termed "vocational schools". By the early late 1960s many of the technical and commercial school programs in large populated areas like around Toronto, were being merged or had purpose built combined schools were being built. While the schools still exist,

3185-852: The other schools then available in Ireland. This was mainly because traditional courses such as the leaving certificate were not available at the schools, however this changed with the Investment in Education (1962) report which resulted in an upgrade in their status. Currently about 24% of secondary education students attend these schools. In the Middle Ages boys learned a vocation through an apprenticeship . They were usually 10 years old when they entered service, and were first called leerling ( apprentice ), then gezel ( journeyman ) and after an exam - sometimes with an example of workmanship called

3250-601: The party has 30 province-level , and 412 prefecture-level city and county-level organizations. The CDL publishes the newspaper Popular Tribune ( 群言 ) and the Central Communications of the League ( 中央盟讯 ). Historically, the newspaper published the Guangming Daily . The League is mainly made up of mid and senior-level intellectuals in the fields of culture , education , natural and social sciences , and technology . As of December 2023,

3315-490: The place of the final years of high school . Additionally, most schools offer off-campus buildings, or partner with vocational schools in order for students to gain a certificate, as well as gaining the needed credit to graduate. With the dual enrollment, the student would graduate with both their high school diploma, as well as their vocational certificate. Career colleges on the other hand are generally not government supported in any capacity, occupy periods of study less than

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3380-656: The purely vocational focus of other trade schools began to shift in the 1990s "toward a broader preparation that develops the academic" as well as the technical skills of their students. This type of institution may also be called a trade school , career center , career college , or vocational college . Vocational schools were called "technical colleges" in Australia, and there were more than 20 schools specializing in vocational educational training (VET). Only four technical colleges remain, and these are now referred to as "trade colleges". At these colleges, students complete

3445-792: The relationship between the Kuomintang and the CPC, who had allied to fight the Japanese, became increasingly tense; ultimately, both sides restarted the civil war , which World War II had interrupted. In 1945 and 1946, members of the Kuomintang's left formed the Three Principles of the People Confederation of Comrades and the Kuomintang Democratic Promotion Association in Chongqing and Guangzhou, respectively. In November 1947,

3510-609: The second congress of the Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee was held in Beijing. At the second congress, the Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee, Chinese Nationalist Democratic Promotion Association, the Comrades of the Three Peoples Principles, and other members of the Kuomintang's left wing agreed to merge and form the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang. Soong Ching-ling served as

3575-467: The standards of all these institutions. Apart from these the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has included many vocational subjects in their senior secondary education. In Japan vocational schools are known as senmon gakkō ( 専門学校 ) . They are a part of Japan's higher education system. There are two-year schools that many students study at after finishing high school (although it

3640-425: The state; funding is through the block grant system providing about 90% of necessary funding requirements. Vocational schools typically have further education courses in addition to the traditional courses at secondary level. For instance, post leaving certificate courses which are intended for school leavers and pre- third level education students. Until the 1970s the vocational schools were seen as inferior to

3705-410: The term college. Such college could be a separate entity or a branch of bigger university. Successful graduates receive a specialist degree . PTUs are usually preparatory vocational education and are equivalent to the general education of the third degree in the former Soviet education, providing a lower level of vocational education (apprenticeship). It could be compared to a trade high school . In

3770-457: The true heir of Sun Yat-sen 's legacy and his Three Principles of the People . In December 2022, the party had around 158,000 members. Its membership mostly consists of people with historical ties to the KMT and Taiwan. Among the official political parties of the People's Republic of China, the Revolutionary Committee is officially ranked second after the CCP, being the first-ranking minor party. It also owns numerous assets, some formerly owned by

3835-400: The united patriotic front and realisation of the grand goals of socialism with Chinese characteristics ." According to its constitution, the CDL "holds high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics " and upholds the leadership of the CCP. The CDL is the second-ranking minor party in China after the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang . The CDL's highest body

3900-404: The workforce. With regard to post-secondary education, vocational schools are traditionally distinguished from four-year colleges by their focus on job-specific training to students who are typically bound for one of the skilled trades , rather than providing academic training for students pursuing careers in a professional discipline. While many schools have largely adhered to this convention,

3965-432: The working class) was founded in Amsterdam, that changed its name in 1861 to the Maatschappij voor de Werkende Stand (Society for the working class). This society started the first public vocational school ( De Ambachtsschool ) in Amsterdam , and many cities followed. At first only for boys, later the Huishoudschool (housekeeping) was introduced as vocational schooling for girls. Housekeeping education began in 1888 with

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4030-409: Was known as the Chairperson of the Central Executive Committee of the China Democratic Political League, which changed to the Chairperson of the Central Executive Committee of the China Democratic League in 19 September, which again changed and assumed its current name on 27 December 1949. 黄炎培 张澜 沈钧儒 杨明轩 史良 胡愈之 Acting 楚图南 费孝通 丁石孙 蒋树声 张宝文 丁仲礼 Revolutionary Committee of

4095-448: Was originally hostile to communism but their interests in peasant welfare gradually intersected. The third interest group, the Vocational Education Society, wanted to establish vocational schools throughout China and became the core of the China National Democratic Construction Association . Its chairman Zhang Lan served as the vice chairman of Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China from 1949 to 1954. In 1997,

4160-500: Was retained by a great number of career colleges for over promising what the job prospects for their graduates would be in their field of study upon completion of their program, and for emphasizing the number of careers from which a student could choose. Even though the popularity of career colleges has exploded in recent years, the number of government-sponsored vocational schools in the United States has decreased significantly. The Association for Career and Technical Education (ACTE)

4225-409: Was started in the late 1800s to train workers in the evening, eventually evolved into high schools when the education system was extended to the high school level. When the public education system was expanded in by the early 1920s high school level education was provided in Technical / Commercial Schools or Collegiate Institutes in a hybrid high school/ college level like situation. In Ontario prior to

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