The Chinese Village in the Alexander Park of Tsarskoye Selo , Russia was Catherine the Great 's attempt to follow the 18th-century fashion for the Chinoiserie .
37-472: Probably inspired by a similar project in Drottningholm , Catherine ordered Antonio Rinaldi and Charles Cameron to model the village after a contemporary Chinese engraving from her personal collection. The village was to consist of 18 stylized Chinese houses (only ten were completed), dominated by an octagonal domed observatory (never completed at all). After Catherine failed in her ambition to procure
74-418: A Swedish village would have looked like in the 18th and 19th centuries, containing many picturesque houses and villas. Drottningholm is accessible with public transport by taking the metro to Brommaplan , then an Ekerö -bound SL bus. At least two ships have been named Drottningholm . One is the former ferry Drottningholm that was built in 1909 and is now a listed historic ship of Sweden . Another
111-560: A few months as a troopship , then was converted into an armed merchant cruiser (AMC). In August 1917 a U-boat damaged her with a torpedo. In 1920 she was sold to the Swedish American Line and renamed Drottningholm . As a neutral passenger ship during the Second World War she performed notable service repatriating thousands of civilians of various countries on both sides of the war. In 1948 Drottningholm
148-476: A fortnight after Victorian . She called at Moville in Ireland the next day and reached Halifax, Nova Scotia on the morning of 14 April. Two months later Virginian set a westbound record, leaving Moville at 1400 hrs on 9 June and reaching Cape Race at 2100 hrs on 13 June. This was despite having to slow down for a bank of fog. The speed at which steam turbines run efficiently is several times faster than
185-658: A genuine Chinese architect, the Russian ambassador in London was instructed to obtain a replica of William Chambers 's Great Pagoda in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew for Tsarskoye Selo, a central structure of the Chinoiserie architecture. Catherine's death in 1796 led to the works being suspended. It was not until 1818 that tsar Alexander I of Russia asked the famous architect Vasily Stasov to overhaul
222-606: A location in Stockholm County , Sweden is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . SS Drottningholm SS Drottningholm was a steam turbine ocean liner . One of the earliest of her type, she was designed as a transatlantic liner and mail ship for Allan Line , built in Scotland , and launched in 1904 as RMS Virginian . In the First World War Virginian spent
259-614: A steel cable fouled one of her propellers. Her return sailing was deferred from 12 to 15 January to allow time for her to be repaired in dry dock. In 1937 Drottningholm ' s hull was repainted white. In 1925 Greta Garbo and Mauritz Stiller sailed to the USA on Drottningholm , leaving Gothenburg on 26 June and arriving in New York 10 days later. On 30 December 1928 the newly-wed Count and Countess Bernadotte left New York for Gothenburg on Drottningholm . The couple returned to
296-526: Is a locality situated in Ekerö Municipality , Stockholm County , Sweden , with 398 inhabitants in 2010. It is on the island Lovön in lake Mälaren on the outskirts of Stockholm . Drottningholm Palace , the residence of the Swedish royal family since 1981, is here. The village was planned and built in the mid-18th century for the people working at the palace. It is a good example of how
333-808: The Emergency Quota Act , and allotted Sweden a quota for 20,000 migrants a year. Barely two months later, on 15 July, immigration authorities in New York detained 78 of Drottningholm ' s second-class passengers on arrival. After four hours a message from Washington, D.C. confirming that the quota for Sweden had not been fulfilled, and all 78 were allowed to land. In 1922 Götaverken re-engined Drottningholm with new A/B De Lavals Ångturbin turbines. They were less powerful than her original Parsons turbines, because SAL wanted better fuel economy, but she could still do 17 knots (31 km/h). Götaverken also replaced her direct drive with single-reduction gearing, which at last solved her cavitation problem. At
370-543: The Firth of Clyde , and her running costs – and hence passenger fares – were higher than those of her competitors with conventional reciprocating engines . However, in October 1903 Allan Line announced that it had ordered a pair of new 10,000 GRT liners, that they would be turbine-powered, and that they would have the same three- screw arrangement as King Edward . And on 28 January 1904, seven months before Victorian
407-654: The Norwegian Sea and the east and south coasts of Iceland . By October 1915 two of Virginian ' s 4.7-inch guns were replaced with six-pounder guns . On 16 June 1916 Virginian arrived in Canada Dock in Liverpool to have her remaining 4.7-inch guns replaced with six BL 6-inch and QF 6-inch naval guns . She was there for just over two months, until 18 August, and the Admiralty became concerned that
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#1732780794716444-736: The US Department of State and US Maritime Commission chartered Drottningholm via an arrangement with Germany and the other Axis powers , facilitated by the Swiss and Swedish governments and with the cooperation of 15 Latin American republics who had also broken off diplomatic relations with the Axis. On her first eastbound voyage she left from New York on 7 May 1942 for Lisbon carrying Bulgarian, German, Italian, Romanian nationals including ambassadors and diplomats. Her first westbound voyage
481-824: The Union Steamship Company 's 8,238 GRT cargo liner Roscommon . At 1312 hrs Virginian sighted a periscope off her starboard bow and turned to engage the submarine. It was SM U-102 , which hit Virginian with a torpedo on her starboard quarter, killing three of her crew. The magazines for her six-inch guns and part of her number five hold were flooded, but Virginian remained afloat. Virginian tried to return to Lough Swilly, but found it very difficult to steer. The destroyer HMS Rob Roy tried to assist but failed. Nevertheless Virginian managed to reach Lough Swilly, and anchored at 2048 hrs. Virginian underwent temporary repairs, and then on 4–5 September 1917 returned to Liverpool, where she
518-663: The 300 and 600 metre wavelengths. Her call sign was MGN. When RMS Titanic sank on 15 April 1912, Virginian was about 178 nautical miles (330 km) north of her, steaming in the opposite direction. At 2310 hrs (0040 hrs ship's time) the Marconi Company radio station at Cape Race relayed Titanic ' s distress messages to Virginian , whose Master , Captain Gambell changed course to try to reach Titanic . Virginian also received Titanic ' s distress signals. The last signal Virginian received from Titanic
555-741: The Neyelov Brothers six years earlier ( illustrated, to the right ). The village was renovated under the direction of Ippolit Monighetti in 1859-61. The cottages sustained serious damage during the Nazi occupation but were restored in the 1990s to provide lodgings for VIP guests. [REDACTED] Media related to Chinese Village in Tsarskoe Selo at Wikimedia Commons 59°42′53″N 30°23′9″E / 59.71472°N 30.38583°E / 59.71472; 30.38583 Drottningholm Drottningholm , literally "Queen's Islet",
592-545: The Russian empress. The première of Leo Tolstoy 's The Fruits of Enlightenment was also produced there. The theatre was burnt to the ground on 15 September 1941 and has never been rebuilt. Three remarkable bridges lead to the village. The Dragon Bridge, so named after four zinc figures of winged dragons, and the Large Chinese Bridge , noted for pink granite vases and imitation coral branches, were completed in 1785. The Cross-Shaped Bridge had been constructed by
629-594: The USA on Drottningholm in June 1933. In 1932 Drottningholm took Swedish athletes home from the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles . In January 1939, Niels Bohr sailed to the USA on Drottningholm , carrying with him the news about the discovery of nuclear fission . In the Second World War Sweden was neutral, and until December 1941 so was the USA. At first Drottningholm continued
666-584: The conversion took an inordinately long time. By October 1916 Virginian ' s armament also included depth charges . From the beginning of July 1917 Virginian escorted transatlantic convoys. On 19 August 1917 Virginian left Liverpool escorting a convoy, which called at Lough Swilly on 20–21 August. U-boats attacked the convoy off the coast of County Donegal . SM U-53 torpedoed Leyland Line 's 10,418 GRT liner Devonian at 1152 hrs, and she sank at 1245 hrs about 20 nautical miles (37 km) northeast of Tory Island . U-53 also sank
703-524: The first time at the end of May, and arrived in New York for the first time on 9 June. She retained her notoriety for rolling, and her new name inspired the nickname "Rollingholm" or "Rollinghome". SAL had carried significant numbers of Swedish migrants to the USA , but in the 1920s new US immigration laws affected the transatlantic trade. In May 1921 the Federal Government implemented
740-731: The liner RMS Empress of Ireland in a collision with the collier Storstad , and 1,024 people were killed. Canadian Pacific chartered Virginian from Allan Line to replace her. The charter was cut short by the First World War , which began on 28 July. From August 1914 the UK Government used Virginian as a troop ship. Then in December the British Admiralty requisitioned her and had her converted into an armed merchant cruiser (AMC). Initially her armament
777-540: The new turbine ships. Allan Line ordered both Victorian and Virginian from Workman, Clark and Company in Belfast . But Workman, Clark did not find enough labour to build both ships in time, so the order for Virginian was transferred to Alexander Stephen and Sons at Linthouse on the River Clyde . Virginian was launched on 25 August 1904, four months after Victorian . But Victorian 's completion
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#1732780794716814-401: The same time Götaverken enlarged her superstructure by extending her bridge deck aft. Drottningholm returned to service in 1923. By 1930 Drottningholm ' s tonnages were 11,055 GRT and 6,485 NRT . In 1934 her Swedish code letters KCMH were superseded by the call sign SJMA. On 8 January 1935 while Drottningholm was docking in fog at West 57th Street Pier in New York
851-522: The service between Gothenburg and New York. By the end of January 1940 Drottningholm was the only SAL passenger liner still operating between Gothenburg and New York. On 3 February, 150 Finnish-American and Finnish-Canadian volunteers to fight for Finland in the Winter War sailed on Drottningholm from New York. In March 1940 Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn from German-occupied Poland reached New York aboard Drottningholm . Later in
888-555: The speed at which marine propellers work efficiently. But the turbines in Victorian and Virginian , like those in King Edward , drove the propellers directly, without reduction gearing . As a result Virginian suffered cavitation , which not only impedes propulsion but also damages propellers. Virginian also tended to roll violently in heavy seas. By 1912 Virginian was equipped for wireless telegraphy , operating on
925-548: The village in order to provide accommodation for his guests. Although much of the original orientalizing decor was lost as a result, the renovated village provided habitation for such eminent visitors as Nikolai Karamzin who worked on his History of the Russian State in one of the houses between 1822 and 1825. The Chinese Opera Theatre was constructed not far from the village in 1779. It was there that an Italian composer Giovanni Paisiello would present his new operas to
962-859: The war the US, UK and French governments each chartered Drottningholm to repatriate civilian internees, prisoners of war (PoWs) and diplomats between the two belligerent sides. She also carried PoWs and civilians for the Red Cross . One source states that Drottningholm repatriated 14,093 people. Another says she made 14 voyages and repatriated about 18,160 people. Another states that between 1940 and 1946 she made 30 voyages and carried about 25,000 people. The discrepancy may be because in August 1945 Drottningholm reverted from charter trips to her regular commercial Gothenburg – New York route, but she continued to carry refugees from Europe to North America. In March 1942
999-630: Was dry docked from 7 September until 16 November and returned to sea on 4 December. In 1918 her pennant number was changed twice: to MI 95 in January and MI 52 in April. She continued to escort transatlantic convoys until just after the Armistice . She reached Liverpool on 30 November 1918 and was decommissioned some time thereafter. Canadian Pacific had taken over Allan Line in 1917. The Admiralty released Virginian to her new owners, and in 1919 she
1036-470: Was 517.0 ft (157.6 m) long, her beam was 60.0 ft (18.3 m) and her depth was 38.0 ft (11.6 m). She had berths for 1,912 passengers: 426 in first class, 286 in second class and 1,000 in third class. Her holds had 12,440 cu ft (352 m ) of refrigerated space for perishable cargo. As built, her tonnages were 10,754 GRT and 6,844 NRT . Virginian began her maiden voyage from Liverpool on 6 April 1905,
1073-534: Was at 0027 hrs (0157 hrs by ship's time), and "these signals were blurred and ended abruptly". RMS Carpathia reached the position of the sinking and rescued 705 survivors. There was a false report that Virginian rescued some passengers and transferred them to Carpathia . In fact Virginian did not arrive in time to assist. There was also a false report that Virginian had taken Titanic in tow, that all of Titanic ' s passengers were safe, and that Herbert Haddock , Master of RMS Olympic ,
1110-594: Was eight 4.7-inch QF guns and her pennant number was M 72. She was commissioned as HMS Virginian on 10 December 1914. Virginian joined the 10th Cruiser Squadron , with which she was on the Northern Patrol from December 1914 until the end of June 1917. She patrolled mostly around the Faroe Islands and the northern part of the Western Approaches . In 1915 she occasionally patrolled
1147-403: Was from Lisbon on 22 May, reaching New York on 1 June. Her passengers included the US diplomats Leland B. Morris and George F. Kennan . Drottningholm started her second eastbound crossing from Jersey City on 3 June 1942 carrying 985 Axis nationals, including diplomats. On 12 June she reached Lisbon, where she was held to await trains from Axis countries carrying people for repatriation to
Chinese Village (Tsarskoe Selo) - Misplaced Pages Continue
1184-494: Was launched, the Government of Canada announced it had awarded Allan Line a transatlantic mail contract. The Canadian contract required a regular scheduled service with four ships. Allan Line allocated the new Victorian and Virginian , which were still being built, and its existing 10576 GRT liners Bavarian and Tunisian . The subsidy would be $ 5,000 per trip for Bavarian and Tunisian , and $ 10,000 per trip for each of
1221-616: Was registered in Montreal . In 1920 Swedish America Line bought Virginian , reportedly for the equivalent of $ 100,000, and renamed her Drottningholm , after a small community near Stockholm that includes the royal Drottningholm Palace . Götaverken in Gothenburg refitted Drottningholm , and particularly improved her third class accommodation. As refitted she had berths for 280 cabin class, 300 second class and 700 third class passengers. Drottningholm sailed from Gothenburg for
1258-569: Was sold to a company in the Italian Home Lines group, which renamed her Brasil . In 1951 Home Lines chartered her to Hamburg America Line , which renamed her Homeland . She was scrapped in Italy in 1955. The world's first steam turbine merchant ship, TS King Edward , was launched in 1901. She was a technological and commercial success, but was only a 502 GRT excursion steamship making short-sea trips in and around
1295-534: Was the transatlantic ocean liner RMS Virginian , which Swedish American Line bought in 1920 and renamed Drottningholm . Among English speakers, the liner's unfortunate tendency to roll inspired the nicknames "Rollingholm" or "Rollinghome". In the Second World War she was chartered to repatriate thousands of released prisoners of war , civilian internees and diplomats. Among them the English speakers nicknamed her "Trotting Home". This article about
1332-622: Was the source of the report. Haddock, however, dismissed the report as "a flagrant invention". Captain Gambell said Virginian passed where Titanic sank "at a distance of six or seven miles", but could get no closer as "The ice was closely packed... and there would have been great danger in going nearer. No boats, packages or wreckage were to be seen." Gambell said Virginian steamed 162 nautical miles (300 km) toward Titanic , until at 1000 hrs Carpathia signalled Virginian "Turn back. Everything O. K. Have 800 on board. Return to your northern track". On 29 May 1914 Canadian Pacific lost
1369-453: Was then delayed by performance problems with her turbines. Both sisters were completed in March 1905. As built, Virginian had three Parsons turbines . A high-pressure turbine drove her middle screw. Its exhaust steam was fed to a pair of low-pressure turbines that drove her port and starboard screws. The three turbines combined gave her a total power output of 12,000 IHP . Virginian
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