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37-561: Domingo Antonio Edjang Moreno (born 28 April 1977), better known by his stage name El Chojin (pronounced as in Japanese Chōjin , not with a Spanish J ), is a Spanish rapper and songwriter. He is the current Guinness World Record holder for most syllables rapped in one minute. Chojin was born in Torrejón de Ardoz , Madrid, to a father from Equatorial Guinea and an Extremaduran (Spanish) mother. El Chojin takes his name from

74-481: A cult classic . The 1980s also marked the premiere of emblematic programs such as the cultural magazine Metropoli (1985), the game show El tiempo es oro (Time is money) (1987) presented by Constantino Romero and Con las manos en la masa (Hands on the bat) (1984), directed and presented by Elena Santonja , considered the first cooking show in Spanish television history. On the other hand, TVE-2 retained

111-596: A gospel chorus. The following year he released Aún rap por placer , a follow-up to his previous demo, consisting of six solo tracks and one featuring Duo Kie . Like its predecessor, it could also be legally downloaded for free. In March 2009, he released Cosas que pasan, que no pasan y que deberían pasar ( Things that Happen, Don't Happen, and Should Happen ), a 30-track album with a diverse array of contributors, including Locus from Duo Kie, Maika Sitté from blues band Red House, comedian El Gran Wyoming , and singer-songwriter Luis Eduardo Aute , as well as others. Chojin

148-529: A demo, Rap por placer , available as a free download. In early 2005, his eighth LP 8jin was released. The record tackles such issues as professionalism in rap and violence against women. The album cover was chosen from among almost 400 submissions, from a contest organized by the rapper through his webpage. In 2007 he released Striptease , an album in which he "bares" his soul. It is a collaboration with various producers, both veteran and new, and includes instrumentation such as guitars, harmonicas, pianos, and

185-459: A live results service during the weekends. The channel strategy of TVE changed with the emergence and suddened popularity of private television in 1989, with the first airing of Antena 3 and Tele 5 As of 1991, TVE-2 was remamed into La 2 and assumed a new alternative programming, whose spirit was included in the slogan « La 2, para una inmensa minoría » ( La 2, for a huge minority ). The following director of TVE, Ramón Colom , would redefine

222-590: A talk show presented by Joaquín Soler Serrano which discussed with personalities from the artistic, literary and scientific fields of the time. On the other hand, the new artistic and musical trends were reflected in Encuentros con las artes y las letras (Encounters with the arts and the lyrics) (1976-1981) and Popgrama (1979-1981). Another important aspect was the consolidation of the station's regional broadcasting centres, most importantly in Catalonia and

259-419: Is a Spanish free-to-air television channel owned and operated by Televisión Española (TVE), the television division of state-owned public broadcaster Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE). It is the corporation's second television channel, and is known for broadcasting cultural and public service programming, including documentaries, concerts, theatre and independent, Ibero-American and classic cinema. It

296-450: Is chosen news director of TVE, while Lorenzo Milá became the host of Telediario of La 1 . The new direction redirects the offer to the young public, with the advance of primetime at 9:30 p.m., the gradual disappearance of regional programming (except for a few blocks in Catalonia and Canary Islands ) and the entry of series American as Six Feet Under , Two and a Half Men , The OC or Gilmore Girls . On 1 June 2010,

333-480: Is in Spanish and is the same for all of Spain, TVE has territorial centers in every autonomous community and produces and broadcasts some local programming in regional variations in each of them in the corresponding co-official language . In the 1960s, the Spanish minister of Information and Tourism , Manuel Fraga Iribarne , decided that Televisión Española should start broadcasting a second television channel on

370-484: Is known for the social commentary of his lyrics, his solo record Mi turno being perhaps his most "radical" work. He avoids coarse language in his music, and his raps also frequently espouse non-violence , anti-racism , and warn of the dangers of drugs and alcohol. One of the main themes covered on most albums is the discrimination against and general mistreatment of immigrants. Although, being born and raised in Spain, he

407-658: Is not an immigrant himself, he is well aware of the problems they face. As is reflected in his songs "Yo no soy de esos", "Mami, el negro está rabioso", and "Cara sucia", he has suffered such discrimination due to the colour of his skin. He also is known for his track "Lola", promoting condom use, which came to be used in a Barcelona contraceptive awareness campaign. Amnesty International used one of his songs (featuring Meko and Kraze Negroze ) for their "Ponte en mi piel" ("Put Yourself in My Skin") campaign, another attempt to raise awareness, this time regarding immigration, and, with

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444-649: Is part of Grimm's law . In Modern Greek , the voiceless velar fricative (with its allophone , the voiceless palatal fricative [ ç ] , occurring before front vowels) originated from the Ancient Greek voiceless aspirated stop /kʰ/ in a sound change that lenited Greek aspirated stops into fricatives. Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced , to the left are voiceless . Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible. Legend: unrounded  •  rounded TVE2 La 2 ( Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈðos] , The Two )

481-685: The Canary Islands . TVE Cataluña started producing and broadcasting regional programming in opt-outs through the Circuit Català (Catalan circuit), while continuing to produce content for nationwide broadcasts. On the eve of the 1982 World Cup held in Spain, the Canary Islands regional broadcasting centre erected a new production office that, in addition to broadcasting the Second channel, allowed to develop dedicated programming for

518-493: The first channel into a generalist channel, niche programming was moved to UHF. Under the Salvador Pons administration, the second channel received artists from the country's Official Film School ( Spanish : Escuela Oficial de Cine ), such as Claudio Guerin , Pedro Olea or Antonio Mercero , people who would use the channel as a test zone to air alternative programming, such as documentaries or fiction shows. There

555-790: The semivocalic equivalent of the voiceless variant of the close back unrounded vowel ⟨ ɯ̊ ⟩. Features of the voiceless velar fricative: The voiceless velar fricative and its labialized variety are postulated to have occurred in Proto-Germanic , the ancestor of the Germanic languages , as the reflex of the Proto-Indo-European voiceless palatal and velar stops and the labialized voiceless velar stop. Thus Proto-Indo-European * ḱ r̥nom "horn" and * kʷ ód "what" became Proto-Germanic * h urnan and * hw at, where *h and *hw were likely [x] and [xʷ] . This sound change

592-606: The 852 syllables in 42 seconds record, or the 921 in 60 seconds record, except Outsider whose attempt did surpass El Chojin by 2 syllables per second but wasn't accepted because he rapped in Korean. Voiceless velar fricative The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ x ⟩, the Latin letter x . It is also used in broad transcription instead of

629-457: The Board of Directors of RTVE made La 2 into a strictly cultural channel, positioning it as the reference for creativity and talent. From that same month, La 2 stopped broadcasting its sports programming (which moved to La 1 and Teledeporte ) and infantile (which continued exclusively on Clan ). Instead, it introduced cultural programming from the channel Cultural·es . In addition, an address

666-658: The Overfiend in the hentai anime Urotsukidōji . During the first part of his rap career, he was a member of the WFN crew ("Wild for da Night"), so called after a Rampage / Busta Rhymes song of the same name. He was later part of the group 995 and with them released four albums. As a solo artist he has put out twelve LPs as of 2013, including Cuando Hay Obstáculos... and ...Jamás Intentes Negarlo (the initials of those two titles spelling out C.H.O.J.I.N.). After his first five full-length solo records, in 2004 Chojin returned with

703-546: The UHF band, following other European broadcasters that did the same. On 1 January 1965, TVE's second television service was launched in Madrid as a test broadcast, with programming limited to 4 hours at night that consisted of musical slots and re-airings of TV shows from Primera Cadena, mostly Telediario newscasts and Estudio 1 . Regular broadcasts started on 15 November 1966. TVE started producing original programming for

740-617: The archipelago. In 1983, the second channel was renamed "TVE-2" with a new corporate image. The schedule was not consolidated until the end of the decade. In the mandates of José María Calviño  [ es ] and Pilar Miró , TVE-2 continued to be a cultural channel that accommodated spaces not appropriate for the first channel . In the midst of the Movida Madrileña phenomenon, it premiered La Edad de Oro (The Golden Age) (1983), directed and presented by Paloma Chamorro  [ es ] , that with time it turned into

777-513: The backbone of La 2. In 1996 began the space of scientific disclosure Redes , directed by Eduard Punset , and in 1997 premiered Saber y ganar , presented by Jordi Hurtado , who became the longest-running game show in Spanish television. One year later was launched Versión española (Spanish version) , Spanish film program presented by Cayetana Guillén Cuervo and that offered films without advertising breaks. Other important spaces were La noche temática (The thematic night) (documentary block of

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814-731: The broadcast of special events live, some of which exceeded in the audience the first channel : the European football competitions ( UEFA Champions League , UEFA Cup and Cup Winners' Cup ), the Spanish First Division in communities without autonomic television , the qualifying matches of the Spain national football team , and the Eurovision Song Contest from 1984 to 1992. In 1984, it premiered Estadio 2 , specializing in sports broadcasts, information, and

851-552: The channel, mainly produced at the broadcaster's headquarters in Barcelona. UHF's first director was Salvador Pons Muñoz. In its first years, the channel could only be received in Madrid, Zaragoza and Barcelona , cities in which the UHF technology was implemented; it only aired at night and not all TV sets could tune in. Most TVs could not receive UHF broadcasts, so a UHF converter was needed. As TVE's strategy evolved into turning

888-463: The concept towards a smaller target audience aged 30 years old. In the 90s there was a significant increase in own programming, giving La 2 its personality. All documentaries, including Documentos TV , presented by Pedro Erquicia , were moved to that signal. In addition, TVE promoted an alternative newsletter to Telediario with the creation of La 2 Noticias , specialized in the news of human, social, and ecological interest in exchange for reducing

925-533: The fricative, used in some spoken languages . The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ ɰ̊ ⟩, but this symbol is not suitable in case of the voiceless velar approximant that is unspecified for rounding (the sound represented by the symbol ⟨ ɰ̊ ⟩ is specified as unrounded), which is best transcribed as ⟨ x̞ ⟩, ⟨ ɣ̞̊ ⟩ or ⟨ ɣ̊˕ ⟩ - see voiced velar approximant . The velar approximant can in many cases be considered

962-837: The launch of his first book, 98 rimas y 7 leyendas ( 98 Rhymes and 7 Legends ), he has collaborated on movie soundtracks such as Tánger and created what he calls "the first rap opera in Spanish", entitled Rimas para todos los públicos ( Rhymes for All Audiences ). Since 28 January 2010, El Chojin has appeared every Wednesday on Noticias 2 , performing a rap summarizing the week's news. On 23 December 2008, El Chojin appeared on Telecinco in an attempt to break Rebel XD's record, but failed to rap more than 852 syllables within 42.2 seconds. El Chojin did however create his own separate record from Rebel XD, where he took 1 minute to rap 921 syllables, which came out to be 15 syllables per second on his song titled "Vo-ca-li-za". Rebel XD rapped 20 syllables per second. As of January 2015, no one has beaten

999-489: The pan-European channel Arte ), the literary space Negro sobre blanco (Black on white) , the informative Escuela del deporte (School of sport) and the containers of infantile programming, among them Con mucha marcha (With a lot of march) , TPH Club , Hyakutake and Los Lunnis , the latter one of his greatest commercial successes. In 2004, changes were made in the strategy of La 2: information services are remodeled because Fran Llorente , presenter of La 2 Noticias ,

1036-660: The release of 8jin , Amnesty selected "El final del cuento de hadas" ("The End of the Fairy Tale") for a campaign against gender-based violence . In addition to lyrics, Chojin has also written poetry and various articles. In 2007, he wrote and starred in El alma de Alexander Oboe ( The Soul of Alexander Oboe ), a play produced by Casa de los Pueblos, which debuted at the Festival Madrid Sur and went on to tour various theatres in Spain. While finishing and preparing for

1073-452: The symbol ⟨ χ ⟩, the Greek chi , for the voiceless uvular fricative . There is also a voiceless post-velar fricative (also called pre-uvular ) in some languages, which can be transcribed as [x̠] or [χ̟]. For voiceless pre-velar fricative (also called post-palatal ), see voiceless palatal fricative . Some scholars also posit the voiceless velar approximant distinct from

1110-417: The weight of the policy in the blocks. The new format was premiered on 7 November 1994 and thanks to it two journalists rose to fame: Lorenzo Milá (presenter) and Fran Llorente (news director). In addition, La 2 issued US series with no place on La Primera: The Simpsons (until 1993), Northern Exposure , Married... with Children and Hangin' with Mr. Cooper . As for sports broadcasts, football

1147-445: Was a high share of cultural programmes, like classical music blocks or theatre slots. During the '70s, the channel's programming was restricted to air at night (from 20:00 to 00:00), with an extension in the weekends. Coverage reached the main cities of Spain , but although TVE pointed out that only "three years" would pass before UHF could be tuned in all Spain, the second channel could not get it until 1982. For this reason it

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1184-484: Was colloquially dubbed "el canalillo." During the Spanish transition , the programming of the second channel received a small boost. In January 1976 debuted the program of debate La Clave (1976-1985), which addressed current issues from different points of view, something very complicated during the Francoism , preceded by a film related to the subject. Another important program was A fondo (In depth) (1976-1981),

1221-463: Was created for the channel, and its management was moved from Torrespaña to the center of TVE Cataluña in San Cugat del Vallés , Barcelona . Since 2014, primetime is covered by Spanish cinema cycles from Monday to Friday, and European films on weekends. The audience of La 2 has dropped to 2.6% audience share, similar to the children's channel Clan . On 7 September 2017, during the presentation of

1258-495: Was launched on 15 November 1966 as the second regular television service in Spain right after TVE's first channel launched on 28 October 1956. As TVE held a monopoly on television broadcasting in the country, they were the only television channels until the first regional public television station was launched on 16 February 1983, when Euskal Telebista started broadcasting in the Basque Country . Commercial television

1295-657: Was launched on 25 January 1990, when Antena 3 started broadcasting nationwide. As it started broadcasting on UHF frequencies the channel was initially simply referred to as "UHF". It received other names, such as "Cadena II", "Segunda Cadena", "Segundo Programa" or "TVE2" until it adopted its current name "La 2" ( La dos ) during the 1990s. Its headquarters and main production center is Prado del Rey in Pozuelo de Alarcón with some programs produced in TVE's production center in San Cugat del Vallés . Although almost all its programming

1332-404: Was not strange that successful programs on UHF passed to the first channel . The UHF station continued to develop a minority programming, with a strong cultural emphasis, which did not compete directly with TVE-1. In addition to documentaries, theater broadcasts and dramas, the second channel also was at time broadcasting sports events and educational programming. At that time, the second channel

1369-580: Was transferred to the first channel while the second was left with the rights of the Liga ACB of basketball , the Liga Asobal of handball and the LNFS . Although the channel's audience fell by private competition, these changes served to improve its reputation and turn it into an alternative to conventional programming. The strategy remained unchanged until 2004, with new programs that have been part of

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