Misplaced Pages

#694305

61-702: The Saratoga was introduced one year after the luxurious New Yorker and was well equipped, wearing the Chrysler nameplate. It was initially more expensive than the New Yorker, then marketing changes repositioned the Saratoga more modestly as the Imperial took the top of the Chrysler hierarchy followed by the New Yorker. Items that were standard equipment such as power windows, power locks, power steering, power brakes, power adjustable front seat and air conditioning on

122-466: A camshaft , pushrods and rocker arms , therefore becoming the first OHV engines. In 1896, U.S. patent 563,140 was taken out by William F. Davis for an OHV engine with liquid coolant used to cool the cylinder head, but no working model was built. In 1898, bicycle manufacturer Walter Lorenzo Marr in the United States built a motorised tricycle powered by a single-cylinder OHV engine. Marr

183-714: A 124-inch wheelbase. Again, the Canadian Saratoga 300 was identical to the U.S. 300. This was the last year for a Saratoga sold in North America. For 1966 the mid-range Chrysler series in Canada was sold as the 300, except it used Newport/Windsor taillamps. The same three models continued, but this year the American 300 convertible and two-door hardtop were imported and marketed as the Sport 300. The Saratoga name

244-675: A Saratoga had the top average speed in one segment. Model selection also increased for 1951 with a wagon plus eight-passenger sedan and on the 139.5 in (3,543 mm) wheelbase added. This combination of the shorter, lighter Six body and the powerful new V-8 put the new Hemi Saratoga in the same performance league as the Olds Rocket 88 , but was the quicker car. 1951 proved to be a great year with 34,806 cars built. Most were 6 passenger four door sedans. Two door Club Coupes, four door station wagons, and 8 passenger four door sedans were relatively rare. Two forward facing jump seats ahead of

305-437: A glass privacy partition in the front seat back which could be lowered as found in limousines. The all-new Chrysler Traveler was the economy model, the New Yorker was luxury focused, and New Yorker Highlander models came with tartan interior. Fluid Drive was offered for the first time, mated to a three-speed manual transmission along with Cruise and Climb overdrive. In 1941, the Saratoga was assigned to Chrysler's Series C30 and

366-407: A hybrid design combining elements of both side-valves and overhead valves. The first internal combustion engines were based on steam engines and therefore used slide valves . This was the case for the first Otto engine , which was first successfully run in 1876. As internal combustion engines began to develop separately to steam engines, poppet valves became increasingly common. Beginning with

427-503: A loophole in the rules, the pushrod engine was allowed to use a larger displacement and higher boost pressure, significantly increasing its power output compared to the OHC engines used by other teams. Team Penske qualified in pole position and won the race by a large margin. In the early 21st century, several pushrod V8 engines from General Motors and Chrysler used cylinder deactivation to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. In 2008,

488-465: A polyester-and-cotton blend. This fabric was introduced in the early 1920s as an import from the United Kingdom, where it was called poplin , but it was arbitrarily renamed "broadcloth" as it was thought that "poplin" had connotations of heaviness. Another version of this fabric, woven in rayon or polyester-and-rayon, is called fuji. The Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States uses

549-529: A true torque converter in place of Fluid Drive's fluid coupling. The engine was used in the Cunningham C-2R where the C-2R debuted at 1951 24 Hours of Le Mans , continuing a tradition of racing Chrysler engines at LeMans which began in 1925. 1951 and 1952 Saratoga 2 door Club Coupe models were the lightest body styles with the 180 horse power Hemi V8's and were used in road racing and stock car racing. In

610-450: A yard and a half [140 cm]);—so called in distinction from woolens three quarters of a yard wide. [69 cm]", thus giving both the old breadth-based distinction and the newer definition based on the type of cloth. Since the early 1920s, the American market has used the term "broadcloth" to describe a plain-woven, usually mercerised fabric woven with a rib and a slightly heavier filling yarn, used for shirt-making, made from cotton or

671-421: Is not its finished width but the fact that it was woven much wider (typically 50 to 75% wider than its finished width) and then heavily milled (traditionally the cloth was worked by heavy wooden trip hammers in hot soapy water) in order to shrink it to the required width. The effect of the milling process is to draw the yarns much closer together than could be achieved in the loom and allow the individual fibres of

SECTION 10

#1732797277695

732-459: The 2.5 L 4-cylinder engine with throttle-body fuel injection and a 5-speed manual transmission; the most commonly ordered powertrain upgrade was the Mitsubishi 3.0 L V6 with A604 Ultradrive 4-speed automatic transmission, though the turbocharged version of the 2.5 was also available with 3-speed Torqueflite automatic or 5-speed manual transaxle. Starting in 1993, the Saratoga

793-585: The Chrysler Six that was entered in the 1925 24 Hours of Le Mans . In 1940, Chrysler updated the Series C-23 with the Series C-26 and all came with a 128.5 in (3,264 mm) wheelbase and the 323.5 cu in (5.3 L) Chrysler Straight-8 . The Saratoga became a sports luxury trim package as a sedan only, and in two interior configurations, standard and sport formal. The latter had

854-466: The Hanseatic League decided that only approved broadcloth from Leiden was to be sold. From 1500 competition from other parts of Europe, especially England, grew and Leiden lost its leading role. In Italy Florence became an important center of broadcloth industry. Around 1500, broadcloth was made in a number of districts of England, including Essex and Suffolk in southern East Anglia ,

915-837: The West Country Clothing District ( Gloucestershire , Wiltshire , east Somerset —sometimes with adjacent areas), at Worcester , Coventry , Cranbrook in Kent and some other places. This was the best English cloth, and large quantities were exported by the merchants of the Company of Merchant Adventurers of London , principally to Antwerp as white ( i.e. undyed) cloth. It was finished and dyed in Flanders , and then marketed throughout northern Europe . The cloths might be short (24 yards long) or long (30 yards long). The raw material for broadcloth from Worcester

976-424: The cylinder head above the combustion chamber . This contrasts with flathead (or "sidevalve") engines , where the valves were located below the combustion chamber in the engine block . Although an overhead camshaft (OHC) engine also has overhead valves, the common usage of the term "overhead valve engine" is limited to engines where the camshaft is located in the engine block. In these traditional OHV engines,

1037-544: The "First Series" 1949 Chryslers. Distinguishing a Chrysler model was limited to a nameplate attached on the front fender just below the engine hood, interior upholstery and standard features installed that were optional on other models. The Saratoga offered pile fabric or broadcloth upholstery, rubber floor covering for the front passengers with a carpeted rear passenger compartment, turn signals, an electric clock, two-speed electric windshield wipers, and an illuminated trunk compartment. The upscale Club Coupe offered carpeting for

1098-557: The 125 in (3,175 mm) wheelbase and the 323.5 cu in (5.3 L) Chrysler Straight-8 with the C-23 Imperial and C-23 New Yorker . At its introduction, it was Chrysler's second most expensive models, above that of the Imperial and the New Yorker but below the Series C-24 Imperial Custom sedans and limousines. It was only offered as a Club Coupe or the four-door sedan. Prices listed for

1159-418: The 1885 Daimler Reitwagen , several cars and motorcycles used inlet valve(s) located in the cylinder head, however these valves were vacuum-actuated ("atmospheric") rather than driven by a camshaft as with typical OHV engines. The exhaust valve(s) were driven by a camshaft, but were located in the engine block as with side-valve engines. The 1894 prototype Diesel engine used overhead poppet valves actuated by

1220-449: The 1906–1912 Wright Brothers Vertical 4-Cylinder Engine . In 1911, Chevrolet joined Buick in almost exclusive use of OHV engines. However, flathead "side-valve" engines remained commonplace in the U.S. until the mid-to-late 1950s, when they began to be phased out for OHV engines. The first overhead camshaft (OHC) engine dates back to 1902, in the Marr ; however, use of this design

1281-463: The 1939 Saratoga were US$ 1,495 ($ 32,747 in 2023 dollars ) for the Club Coupe and US$ 1,443 ($ 31,608 in 2023 dollars ) for the four-door Sedan. Saratogas were introduced as a "sports luxury", with leather and Bedford cord upholstery, with an optional sun roof, while the optional, high compression aluminum cylinder head was available. Chrysler had a history of producing race car products going back to

SECTION 20

#1732797277695

1342-422: The 1951 La Carrera Panamericana , a cross country rally from the northern border of Mexico to the southern border, a Saratoga driven by Bill Sterling came in third behind two Ferraris. Minnesota based outboard boat motor manufacturer Mercury Marine owned by Carl Kiekhaefer raced a pair of Saratogas in the grueling multiday race in 1951 and 1952. Average speeds approached 110 miles an hour in some segments and

1403-572: The 1957–1958 Saratoga was sold as the Windsor. The American Windsor was not sold in Canada although Windsor Town and Country station wagons were imported. In 1959, the Saratoga remained on the longer Chrysler wheelbase and in the same three models. The Saratoga was sold as the Saratoga in Canada this year, sharing its interior with the Canadian-built DeSoto Firedome. For 1959 the Saratoga got the new RB V8 engine, although it

1464-555: The Canadian Saratoga using the same grille and trim as the U.S. 300, only with "Saratoga 300" nameplates, as the series was now called. Body styles remained the same and this year the 300 convertible was imported. Although the American 1964 300 continued to use the 1963 headlamp rings, the Canadian Saratoga 300 used the headlamp treatment of the Newport/Windsor, and had 300 side trim. The American 300 convertible continued to be an import. 1965 brought completely new "C" bodies on

1525-408: The New Yorker were initially available on the Saratoga, then as years progressed became standard on the Saratoga. As it maintained its high performance image for Chrysler, it was used to introduce the 331 cu in (5.4 L) overhead valve Hemi V8 in 1951. It was discontinued in 1953 initially when the New Yorker, and, later the 1955 Chrysler 300 took over as the performance models. It

1586-418: The Saratoga and Windsor as an option and a larger 392 cubic inch with dual four-barrel carburetors that was standard on the more upscale Chrysler 300. Early 1957 models featured dual headlights, with quad-headlights as an option where permitted by state law. By the model year's end all Saratogas were outfitted with quad headlights. Saratoga production for 1957 came to 37,196 vehicles and the average list price for

1647-487: The Saratoga was US$ 3,768 ($ 40,877 in 2023 dollars ). For 1958, all Windsors were shifted to the 122 inch Dodge chassis, and used a modified front end design based in part on Dodge's front clip - this was especially evident around the Windsor's headlights. The Saratogas continued to be based on the longer 126 inch wheelbase using the New Yorker body and was again available in three body styles – four-door sedan, four-door hardtop, and two-door hardtop coupe. In Canada,

1708-490: The Saratoga was discontinued, and the Saratoga's sports luxury duties were initially given to the New Yorker in 1953 until the performance coupe Chrysler 300 was introduced in 1955. The nameplate would reappear for 1957. Chrysler reused the Saratoga nameplate in 1957 as part of its "Forward Look" styling by Virgil Exner . The Saratoga maintained its position between the entry-level Windsor and top New Yorkers models, and

1769-538: The U.S. Windsor with Saratoga nameplates on the 122 inch wheelbase. For 1962, the new 300 was not offered on the Canadian market, but rather the Saratoga. The grille was shared with the Newport/Windsor while the side trim was from the American Newport. The trunk lid sported New Yorker trim. Model offering remained 4-door sedan and hardtop as well as the 2-door hardtop. New bodies appeared for 1963 with

1830-490: The Windsor name elevated to the mid-level position, and in 1962 the Windsor was replaced by the introduction of the 300 , a non-"letter series" performance-oriented luxury sedan. The 1961 Saratoga shared a futuristic semi-circular domed instrument cluster Chrysler called the AstraDome , which housed the speedometer and all gauges in one location with the Chrysler 300, Newport, Windsor, and New Yorker. The cluster's appearance

1891-494: The appearance of wide white wall tires . White wall tires as an option returned in 1947. Fluid Drive continued but the four speed semi-automatic, called Presto-Matic was now offered. The years initially after the war were a sellers market, as customers replaced vehicles they needed to maintain during the war. When production resumed, Chrysler had very little resistance selling every car they made as customers wanted something new and modern. In 1948, Chrysler increased prices across

Chrysler Saratoga - Misplaced Pages Continue

1952-508: The assembly line. In 1961, Chrysler added the Newport as its entry-level model for the American market, slotted below the Windsor. It used a name which in 1961 was commonly associated with Chrysler's expensive hardtops in the early and mid-1950s to take the market segment left open when the manufacturer's DeSoto brand was canceled. In 1961, in the US, the mid-range Saratoga was discontinued, with

2013-498: The back seat provided the extra seating in the latter. Unlike the Windsor, which offered an eight-passenger sedan as well as a limousine, no 51-52 Saratoga limousines were built. V8 limousine customers were only offered the Crown Imperial. The difference between an 8-passenger sedan verses a limousine was the presence of a glass divider and all leather seating surfaces in the front compartment. 1952 brought new tail lamps with

2074-482: The backup lamps moved to the same housing as the tail lamps. Due to the Korean War, production dropped to 17,401 for the 1952 model year. A further 1,300 Saratoga models were built in Canada, the first eight-cylinder Chryslers to roll out of the Windsor plant since 1937. 1952 Model year Chryslers suffered from a war strategic materials shortage and the pot metal trim was painted silver rather than chromed. For 1953

2135-489: The board so as to invest in new appearances for the next product cycle. The average price for a Saratoga was US$ 2,244 ($ 28,457 in 2023 dollars ) and 2,121 were recorded to have been manufactured in 1948. Also starting in 1948 the Maywood, California factory began production until the mid-1970s. When the fully redesigned 1949 "Second Series" Chryslers bowed in mid-season, the Saratoga was once again regulated to two body styles,

2196-464: The first production pushrod engine to use variable valve timing was introduced in the Dodge Viper (fourth generation) . OHV engines have several advantages compared with OHC engines: Compared with OHC engines, OHV engines have the following disadvantages: Broadcloth Broadcloth is a dense, plain woven cloth , historically made of wool . The defining characteristic of broadcloth

2257-470: The four-door sedan and two-door club coupe, and shared the 131.5 in (3,340 mm) wheelbase and the 323.5 cu in (5.3 L) Chrysler Straight-8 engine of the Chrysler New Yorker and the reintroduced Imperial . The semi-automatic was now called Prestomatic on Chryslers. Saratoga production for 1949 came to 2,275 vehicles in total, and the average list price for the Saratoga

2318-516: The front passengers. The interior trim and upholstery was less elaborate than the New Yorker while the Saratoga shared the 127.5 in (3,238 mm) wheelbase, straight eight engine and standard equipment but shared an appearance used on the Chrysler Royal which was only available with a six-cylinder engine. Because of government restrictions on manufacturer source goods, Chrysler offered white steel "beauty rings" on its car wheels to give

2379-433: The mid 16th century, after which some regions began producing other kinds of cloth. Difficulties were encountered in export markets in the mid-1610s, partly due to currency difficulties in eastern Europe, and partly to the ill-conceived Cockayne Project . Broadcloth production, thus declined in the 17th century. Worcester remained a centre for the production of white broadcloth. Other areas, such as Ludlow and parts of

2440-507: The most important place for broadcloth industry in Europe. There for the first time the production became industrialised. This means that the production process didn't take place entirely in one single factory anymore but according to a precise task allocation, where in several stages intermediate goods were produced. The entire process was strictly supervised, resulting in a constantly high quality, making Leiden broadcloth very popular. In 1417

2501-479: The motion of the camshaft is transferred using pushrods (hence the term "pushrod engine") and rocker arms to operate the valves at the top of the engine. However, some designs have the camshaft in the cylinder head but still sit below or alongside the valves (the Ford CVH and Opel CIH are good examples), so they can essentially be considered overhead valve designs. Some early intake-over-exhaust engines used

Chrysler Saratoga - Misplaced Pages Continue

2562-468: The rest of the world versus North America required the Saratoga to have different headlamps and front, side, and rear lights and reflectors , glass, mirrors , seat belts , instrument clusters and radios; engine control units were programmed in accord with European emission standards rather than the North American standards. All Saratogas featured front bucket seats. Basic equipment included

2623-569: The same year that Buick received a patent for an overhead valve engine design. In 1904, the world's first production OHV engine was released in the Buick Model B . The engine was a flat-twin design with two valves per cylinder. The engine was very successful for Buick, with the company selling 750 such cars in 1905, and the OHV engine has powered almost all Buick automobiles since then. Several other manufacturers began to produce OHV engines, such as

2684-522: The trunklid. These models were all equipped with the 3.0 liter Mitsubishi V6, the A604 automatic transmission, leather seats and air conditioning. Saratoga production ended on December 9, 1994, and was replaced with the Chrysler Stratus . Overhead valve An overhead valve engine , abbreviated ( OHV ) and sometimes called a pushrod engine , is a piston engine whose valves are located in

2745-553: The two-door three-passenger coupe, two-door six-passenger Brougham Sedan, two-door six-passenger Club Coupe and the four-door sedan. The Saratoga was related to the six-cylinder Chrysler Windsor with the same longer wheelbase, along with the Chrysler Royal and the DeSoto Custom . Prices listed for the Saratoga averaged at US$ 1,826 ($ 28,530 in 2023 dollars ) and 1,544 were recorded to have been manufactured in 1946. Annual styling changes were almost non-existent between 1946 and

2806-556: The unambiguous terms "broadwoven" and " narrow woven ", with a breadth cutoff of 30 centimeters (about 12 inches). By this definition, the US government estimates that 70–75% of all cloth production globally, by weight, is broadwoven. Broadcloth ( Flemish Laken ) was produced in the Duchy of Brabant (now Flanders ) from the 11th century and throughout the medieval period. After 1400 Leiden in Holland (now The Netherlands ) became

2867-465: The wool to bind together in a felting process, which results in a dense, blind face cloth with a stiff drape which is highly weather-resistant, hard wearing and capable of taking a cut edge without the need for being hemmed. The manufacturing process originates from Flanders , the type of cloth was also made in Leiden and several parts of England at the end of the medieval period. The raw material

2928-410: Was US$ 2,461 ($ 31,515 in 2023 dollars ). Model year 1949 and later Chryslers had a padded dash as a safety feature, the first in an American mass production car. 1950 models received new grilles, taillights and a larger rear window. Production dropped to 1,300 cars. The 1951 Saratoga was introduced well into the model year. Early brochures have no mention of it. In Chrysler's model numbering system it

2989-447: Was again available only with an eight-cylinder engine along with the same transmission selections as in 1941. Selection of body styles also remained as in 1941. The Saratoga nameplate returned for 1946, positioned as Chrysler's second expensive eight-cylinder model below the New Yorker, in a full array of body styles shared with the New Yorker wheelbase, sharing the die-cast grille with all Chrysler products. The body styles available were

3050-680: Was available with leather seats and other luxury equipment not provided in the North American market. Most 1993 and later Saratogas were equipped with the V6/4-speed automatic powertrain. All Saratogas were equipped with the highest-specification suspension and brake systems made by Chrysler for the A-body. The last Saratogas, sold in 1994 and 1995, were based on the US-market Chrysler LeBaron Sedan. They can be identified by additional fender chrome and an "LE" badge on

3111-400: Was compared to a gum ball machine , and the gauges at night could be viewed with electroluminescent lighting Chrysler called "Panelescent Light", a feature shared with all Chrysler, Dodge, Plymouth, DeSoto, and Imperial vehicles starting in 1960. In Canada, the Saratoga continued on through to 1965 with the Windsor line remaining as the base model. Thus the Canadian 1961 Saratoga was basically

SECTION 50

#1732797277695

3172-540: Was demoted to the bottom of the eight-cylinder series, replacing the Traveler. Body styles offered expanded to include a business coupe, club coupe, two-door sedan and four-door Town Sedan, as well as the six-window sedan. The Saratoga offered Fluid Drive and the eight-cylinder version of Vacamatic which consisted of a three-speed transmission mated to an overdrive unit. For 1942 the Series C-36 Saratoga

3233-441: Was designated C55. The two numerical didgets don't correspond to model years. For 1951 the Saratoga was built on the shorter 125.5 in (3,188 mm) wheelbase shared with the flathead six powered Windsor, but offered the Chrysler's famed 331 cu in (5.4 L) Hemi V8 . Power drum brakes were standard with v8 engines. Also offered as an option was Hydraguide power steering, an industry first, and Fluid Torque Drive,

3294-477: Was hired by Buick (then named Buick Auto-Vim and Power Company ) from 1899–1902, where the overhead valve engine design was further refined. This engine employed pushrod-actuated rocker arms, which in turn opened poppet valves parallel to the pistons. Marr returned to Buick in 1904 (having built a small quantity of the Marr Auto-Car , with one of the first known engines to use an overhead camshaft design),

3355-409: Was mostly limited to high-performance cars for many decades. OHC engines slowly became more common from the 1950s to the 1990s, and by the start of the 21st century, the majority of automotive engines (except for some North American V8 engines) used an OHC design. At the 1994 Indianapolis 500 motor race, Team Penske entered a car powered by the custom-built Mercedes-Benz 500I pushrod engine. Due to

3416-529: Was reintroduced from 1957 until 1965 as a junior model to the Chrysler 300 and was available as a sedan and priced lower. In 1989, the nameplate was reused only in Europe as a rebadged Dodge Spirit available with a 3.0 V6 and a 5-speed manual transmission until 1995. It was named for Saratoga Springs, New York , and is home to the Saratoga Race Course , a thoroughbred horse racing track. The Saratoga nameplate first appeared in 1939 and shared

3477-523: Was related to the DeSoto Firedome , but received trim upgrades and better appointments inside the passenger compartment. The tradition of adding the Newport as a suffix to the model name continued and a four-door hardtop was added. The base V8 in the Saratoga was a cast-iron 354 cu in (5.80 L) "Poly head" V8 shared with the Windsor . Chrysler's highly praised Hemi was available on

3538-574: Was revived in 1989 when Chrysler rebadged its Dodge Spirit sedan for export to Europe. Marketing of this Saratoga was officially discontinued in 1993, but the Saratoga continued being built and exported, and parts unique to it continued being catalogued through the 1995 end of A-body production. It was manufactured at the Sterling Heights Assembly factory. These export-market Saratogas were not simply Dodge Spirits with different nameplates. Differing vehicle safety regulations in

3599-566: Was short staple wool, carded and spun into yarn and then woven on a broad loom to produce cloth 1.75 yards wide. It was then fulled , usually in a fulling mill . When fulled, the fibres of the cloth would felt together, resulting in a smooth surface. The word "broadcloth" was originally used just as an antonym to " narrow cloth ", but later came to mean a particular type of cloth. The 1909 Webster's dictionary (as reprinted in 1913) defines broadcloth as "A fine smooth-faced woolen cloth for men's garments, usually of double width (i.e.,

3660-481: Was the Chrysler-only 383-cid in 1959 and 1960. Canadian-built 1959–1960 Saratogas used the B block 383 as used by Dodge and DeSoto. In its final year in the U.S., the 1960 Chrysler Saratoga was based wholly on the New Yorker body shell, less New Yorker trimmings, and again offered in three body styles – four-door sedan, four-door hardtop, and two-door hardtop coupe. Some 15,525 1960 Chrysler Saratogas rolled off

3721-594: Was wool from the Welsh border counties of Herefordshire and Shropshire , known as Lemster ( i.e. Leominster ) wool. That for the West Country came from the Cotswolds . In both cases, the high quality was the result of the comparatively poor pasture, which (probably aided by selective breeding ) led the sheep to grow wool with the desired qualities. English exports of broadcloth reached their highest level in

SECTION 60

#1732797277695
#694305