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44-564: Chéticamp ( locally [ʃatikɑ̃] ; English: / ˈ ʃ ɛ t ɪ k æ m p / ) is an unincorporated town on the Cabot Trail on the west coast of Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia , Canada. It is a local service centre. A majority of the population are Acadians . Together with its smaller neighbour, Saint-Joseph-du-Moine , Chéticamp makes up the largest Francophone enclave on Cape Breton Island. The 2006 population

88-621: A grant of land to the 14 original settlers. Today Chéticamp, which is at the entrance of the Cape Breton Highlands National Park , is a popular tourist spot. Chéticamp is at the western entrance to Cape Breton Highlands National Park which contains the Acadian Trail. The downtown area overlooks a harbour that is protected from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Chéticamp Island. The Chéticamp River flows into

132-497: A shift in the status of rug hooking, at least for some. While preprinted embroidery patterns had long existed, it was Philena Moxley of Lowell, Massachusetts who first developed a business stamping embroidery and rug hooking designs about 1868-1871. At about the same time, Edward Sands Frost of Maine developed a successful rug kit making business catering to women in Northern New England. The industrial revolution

176-628: A solid basis to move on to creating at the level that is seen consistently in the pages of the newly revamped ATHA Newsletter. There are countless annual exhibitions around the world displaying rug hooking. A forthcoming one is "Hooked Between Two Islands" The History of the Hooked Rug Between Newfoundland and Guernsey. The exhibition is scheduled for 2011 at the Guernsey Folk and Costume Museum, Guernsey , Channel Islands sponsored by The National Trust of Guernsey and

220-519: Is based on culture and the scenery found in the coastal village at the entrance of Cape Breton's national park. Chéticamp has also marketed its traditional rug hookers ("tapis hookers"), Acadian music and food. Activities for visitors include whale watching , hiking, swimming, cross country skiing, golfing, snowmobiling, cultural events and festivals and photography. They also host an International Dance Festival, and La fête nationale de l'Acadie (August 15). The local beach named St. Peter's Beach gives

264-526: Is named after the explorer John Cabot who landed in Atlantic Canada in 1497, although modern historians agree his landfall likely took place in Newfoundland and not Cape Breton Island. Premier Angus L. MacDonald wanted to re-brand Nova Scotia for tourism purposes as primarily Scottish and, as part of this effort, created both the names Cape Breton Highlands and Cabot Trail. Construction of

308-492: The 19th century never wrote about rug hooking. It was considered a country craft in the days when the word country, used in this context, was derogatory. Today, rug hooking has been labeled in Canada as a fine art and has gained a much wider respect across the world. Since hooking was a craft of poverty, rug makers put to use whatever materials were available. Antique hooked rugs were created on burlap after 1850 because burlap

352-471: The AuCoin family were believed to have predated Bois, Richard and Robin by over 100 years. Chiasson is looked at today as the oldest family name on record in the town. Many of the original family names still reside in and around the small town. They, like all the original founding family names of Chéticamp, can be found chiseled in stone in the town still to this day. Settlement was formally established in 1785 by

396-612: The Cabot Trail. One kilometre northeast is Petit Étang , then further east is La Prairie. South of La Prairie is Le Platin and Belle-Marche. Even further south is Pointe-à-la-Croix (Point Cross). From Main street Chéticamp, you can view the typical Chéticamp houses. Saint Peter's is unique and rich in Acadian history. The Université Sainte-Anne has a campus in Saint-Joseph-du-Moine . Cabot Trail It

440-712: The Canadian Portrait Academy. A permanent collection of hooked rugs by Patty Yoder is currently installed at the Shelburne Museum in Vermont. There is a rug show held annually at Sauder Village in Archbold, Ohio that displays hundreds of rugs for one week in August each year. In 2016 there are 825 rugs on display, including a special exhibition to honor Pearl McGown. The 2023 Rug Hooking week at

484-508: The Gulf of St. Lawrence approximately 5 km northeast of the village. Chéticamp experiences a humid continental climate ( Dfb ). Temperature and precipitation patterns are greatly influenced by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and Cape Breton Highlands . The highest temperature ever recorded in Chéticamp was 33.3 °C (92 °F) on 10 August 2001. The coldest temperature ever recorded

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528-605: The McGown certification program, including Joan Moshimer, Jane Olson, Gene Shephard, Eric Sandberg, Jane Nevins, Gail Dufresne, and Michelle Miccarelli. In the 1930s the handicraft of rug hooking spread to Denmark, where it flourished. In 1939, Ernst Thomsen of Hjørring invented a handheld tool which sped up the hooking process making it possible to create large carpets in a reasonable length of time. Due to this faster process, rug hookers were less likely to run into physical problems with their arms, hands and shoulders. The tool

572-511: The Sauder Village is expecting to have around 700 fiber art pieces. In the 1980s, Canadian artist Nancy Edell , discovered rug-hooking after moving to Nova Scotia , located on Canada's east coast. She introduced traditional rug-hooking into her surrealist, feminist art practice, using the medium to explore ideas of feminist utopia, and the gendering of space. She became one of many female artists (see Miriam Shapiro , Joyce Wieland ) at

616-431: The backing material by using a crochet -type hook mounted in a handle (usually wood) for leverage. In contrast latch-hooking uses a hinged hook to form a knotted pile from short, pre-cut pieces of yarn. Wool strips ranging in size from 3/32 to 10/32 of an inch (2 to 8 mm) in width are often used to create hooked rugs or wall hangings. These precision strips are usually cut using a mechanical cloth slitter; however,

660-525: The craft. The heyday of latch-hooking with yarn in Britain was just after the second World War and dominated by several companies based near the textile mills in the north of England. Latch hooking was one of the activities available to convalescing soldiers, hospital patients and care home residents. Women's Institutes got discounts on bulk-buys and made rugs for sale. In the 1970s and 1980s, synthetic yarns and wool/synthetic blends became popular, but rug-making

704-525: The current version, Chatican ( IPA: [ʃatikɑ̃] ). Chéticamp is usually pronounced phonetically in French outside of the area. The name does not always take the acute accent on the e in English (i.e., "Ch e ticamp"). A village in western Nova Scotia, Saint Alphonse de Clare , was originally called Chéticamp de Clare. Its name was changed to avoid confusion for postal delivery. Chéticamp

748-418: The desired length. In his book "The Hooked Rug," published in 1930, American writer William Winthrop Kent describes a form of rugmaking "A canvas is used like cross-stitch canvas only coarser, which has every third mesh a large one. It is held on the knee or on a table. The pieces of wool yarn are cut exactly the same length by a gauge. The hook used has a catch or latch on it and is inserted in one hole and out

792-571: The floor mats made in Yorkshire , England , during the early part of the 19th century. Workers in weaving mills were allowed to collect thrums , pieces of yarn that ran 9 inches (23 cm) long. These by-products were useless to the mill, and the weavers took them home and pulled the thrums through a backing. The origins of the word thrum are ancient, as Mr. Kent pointed out a reference in Shakespeare 's Merry Wives of Windsor . However, in

836-528: The initial route was completed in 1932. The western and eastern sections follow the rugged coastline, with views of the ocean. The southwestern section passes through the Margaree River valley before passing along Bras d'Or Lake . The route is within the county municipalities of Victoria and Inverness . The Cabot Trail includes all of Trunk 30, as well as the portion of Nova Scotia Highway 105 between exits 7 and 11. Following are some stops along

880-448: The invention of the latch needle . Invented in 1847, the latch needle was part of a knitting machine that wrapped yarn around the latch and pushed through a canvas before pulling it through and knotting the yarn to the canvas. In the 1920s, the tool was created by combining the hand hook with the latch. Latch hooks are available in different sizes. You can have a regular sized latch hook that's suitable for use with interlock rug canvas and

924-487: The latch needle underwent numerous variations, including the hand tool used by artisans and crafters to produce latch hook rugs. While rug hooking uses a base fabric of burlap or hessian, latch hooking uses specially woven rug canvas. Rug canvases range from 3.3 holes per inch (hpi) to 5 hpi. The pattern may be stencilled onto the canvas or worked from a chart similar to a needlepoint pattern. Latch hook yarns may be bought pre-cut (usually 2.5 inch lengths) or in skeins and cut to

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968-459: The locals as well as tourists a place for swimming, camping, and other recreational activities. There are a great deal of accommodations for visitors and hospitality is a trademark. The Northern Inverness Recreational Association also manages the local golf course, Le Portage, which is considered part of "Cape Breton's Fabulous Foursome" and is renowned for the beautiful views and challenging course. Chéticamp extends itself for four kilometres along

1012-520: The many commercially available patterns, many rug hookers are creating their own design patterns. Today's great Modern Folk Rug Hookers include; Norma Batastini, NJ; Cheryl Bollenbach, CO; Maggie Bonanomi, MO; Barbara Carroll, PA; Gail Dufresne, NJ;Carla Fortney, CA; Sally Van Nuys OH; Jayne Hester, NY; Cynthia Norwood, TX; Deanne Fitzpatrick, NS; Cindi Gay, Pemberville, OH; etc. There are many people like Magdalena Briner who made creative and original rugs. ATHA, The Association of Traditional Hooking Artists,

1056-432: The naivety of rug hookers of the past. There are many well-known designers of commercial rug patterns and each exhibit their own distinct style and techniques. Some designers specialize in animals or whimsical subjects, others use specific and identifiable dyeing techniques, while others adapt antique rugs for today's rug hookers or employ various tools to achieve their chosen subject matter within their designs. In addition to

1100-410: The next in the next row, as follows: The wool is held in the left hand and above the canvas, then doubled and the double end is slipped over the hook, the catch being up or open. The hook is then drawn out through the canvas toward the worker, the cut ends being kept in the left hand. The catch by this action drops down and secures the wool. The tool is next pushed forward through the wool loop and catches

1144-581: The publication "Rag Rug Making" by Jenni Stuart-Anderson, ISBN   978-1-900371-53-7 , Stuart-Anderson states that the most recent research indicates "...the technique of hooking woolen loops through a base fabric was used by the Vikings, whose families probably brought it to Scotland." To add to this there are sound examples at the Folk Museum in Guernsey, Channel Islands, that early rag rugs made in

1188-438: The rich. Poor women began looking through their scrap bags for materials to employ in creating their own home-made floor coverings. Women employed whatever materials they had available. Girls from wealthy families were sent to school to learn embroidery and quilting ; fashioning floor rugs and mats was never part of the curriculum. Another sign that hooking was the pastime of the poor is the fact that popular ladies magazines in

1232-455: The route, travelling clockwise from the south: Download coordinates as: 46°29′13″N 60°44′46″W  /  46.48694°N 60.74611°W  / 46.48694; -60.74611  ( Cabot Trail ) Traditional rug hooking Rug hooking is both an art and a craft where rugs are made by pulling loops of yarn or fabric through a stiff woven base such as burlap , linen , or rug warp. The loops are pulled through

1276-774: The same manner were produced off the coast of France as well. Rug hooking as we know it today may have developed in North America, specifically along the Eastern Seaboard in New England in the United States, the Canadian Maritimes , and Newfoundland and Labrador . In its earliest years, rug hooking was a craft of poverty. The vogue for floor coverings in the United States came about after 1830 when factories produced machine-made carpets for

1320-423: The strips can also be hand-cut or torn. When using the hand-torn technique the rugs are usually done in a primitive motif. Designs for the rugs are often commercially produced and can be as complex as flowers or animals to as simple as geometrics. Rug-hooking has been popular in North America for at least the past 200 years. The author William Winthrop Kent believed that the earliest forebears of hooked rugs were

1364-599: The study of the art, exchange ideas, and pass on techniques. In 1951, hooked rug teachers came together for the first of what became an annual McGown Teacher Workshop. These workshops exclusively used McGown's own patterns, in recognition of the work and time McGown spent each year on maintaining the program. This tradition lives on through the Pearl K. McGown Teacher Certification and Workshop Program, now sponsored by Honey Bee Hive Rug Hooking Patterns & Supplies. Many well-known hooked rug designers and teachers have passed through

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1408-420: The time to use what had been considered "feminine arts" to explore and deconstruct the male dominated hierarchy of fine art . A latch hook is both the tool and the textile art of latch hooking. Latch hooking differs from traditional rug hooking and locker hooking by the physical knotting of the yarn to canvas. Latch hook was invented in the nineteenth century with the latch needle , in the twentieth century

1452-493: The town's name went through several variations including Ochatisia (1660), Ochatis (1689), "Chetecqan" (1689 Pierre Detcheverry map of the Gulf of St Lawrence for Governor Antoine Parat) Chétican , Chéticamps (1725) and Chétifcamp (1803). The current spelling appeared for the first time on 3 May 1815, in the writings of the missionary Antoine Manseau . In French, the name has been pronounced successively Le Chady, Le Grand Chady, Le Chady Grand, Île de Chedegan and finally,

1496-413: The tutelage of Caroline Saunders in the 1930s, has been credited with saving the craft from disappearing in the United States. McGown popularized guidelines for fine shading with wool using various dye methods, and formalized the study of rug hooking. In 1950, after an especially informative week of rug hooking with 15 other rug hooking teachers, McGown was approached to organize teachers' workshop to further

1540-446: The two ends held in the left hand, then the loop is held in the left hand and has the two ends pulled through it with the hook. To pull out hook and draw tight the two cut ends finishes the knot. This is really a pile fabric and is known as a Turkey Rug but sprang from the hooking process as the earlier hook used was of the crochet hook form." During the 1930s, latch-hooked wool rugs became popular and written guidelines helped standardise

1584-562: The width of the wool strip employed to create a rug: fine hooking and primitive hooking. Fine hooking, in general, uses strips of wool measuring 1/32 to 5/32 of an inch wide. Designs of the fine-cut hooking genre use more fine shading accomplished by overdyeing wool in graduated color swatches. Primitive (or wide-cut) hooking uses wool strips measuring 6/32 up to 1/2-inch wide. The wide-cut hooking accomplishes shading and highlights using textures in wool, such as plaids, checks, herringbones, etc. Wide-cut designs are generally less detailed and mimic

1628-561: Was 3,039 people. The name "Chéticamp" derives from the name given by the Mi'kmaq First Nations , who still live on Cape Breton Island (but not in Chéticamp). The name is Awjátúj ( Francis-Smith orthography ) in the Micmac language , meaning "rarely full", presumably making reference to the mouth of Chéticamp harbour that once had a large dune that grew during low tide. The French spelling of

1672-525: Was a fishing station used during the summer months by Charles Robin , a merchant from the island of Jersey , and is considered one of the Acadian capitals of the world. In the years following the Great Expulsion , many Acadians came to this area. The first permanent settlers following that era were the families of Pierre Bois and Joseph Richard, who arrived in 1782, although both brothers John and Paul Chiasson along with many other French settlers like

1716-469: Was entering a decline due to the availability of cheap imported rugs and to decreasing leisure time. In Britain, the best-known latch-hook company was Readicut (their rug kits were marketed through Shillcraft in North America). Patons and Baldwin invented the rotary "Patwin" wool cutter, but Readicut went a stage further and sold their yarn in pre-cut bundles. The latch hook tool traces its origin to

1760-610: Was formed by a group of women who felt the rules of the McGown Workshops (I.e. only original designs, McGown Patterns, CHARCO & PRIMCO DESIGNS are allowed at the workshop rug show), too restrictive and chose to form an alternative. In recent years, ATHA's leadership reflects the importance of bringing together the most interested and dedicated people to encourage and support advanced creative efforts. Attempts to create an ATHA teacher training program were met with tepid enthusiasm. The McGown Program allows for instructors to form

1804-611: Was initially marketed in 1949 under the name Aladdin Carpet Needle. A decade later, the name was changed to the Danella Rug Hooking Tool. In more recent decades hookers have followed quilters in exploring new materials and new techniques. This experimentation, combined with knowledge and respect for the past, will allow rug hooking to evolve and grow in the 21st century. Rug hooking today has evolved into two genres, which primarily fall into groups based upon

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1848-760: Was providing people with more free time to read about hooking and other past-times in magazines and catalogs, and to enjoy engaging in them. Hand-hooked rugs were now being seen as providing some elegance in the home. Yarns, fabrics, and other materials have always been used for hooked rugs in the Canadian Maritimes . The well-known Cheticamp hooked rugs used finely spun yarns and the highly collectible Grenfell mats were meticulously hooked with recycled jerseys . Everything from cotton T-shirts to silk and nylon stockings were cut and used. The Grenfell Mission had set standards for hooking with silk stockings as early as 1916. Pearl McGown , working at first under

1892-455: Was readily available as grain and feed bags. Fiber and fabric that was no longer suitable for clothing was often incorporated into rugs. In the United States, yarn was not a fiber of choice if one did not have access to thrums. Yarn was too precious, and had to be saved for knitting and weaving . Instead the tradition of using scraps of fabric evolved. However, New England was the site of the development of preprinted designs on burlap, indicating

1936-482: Was −29.5 °C (−21.1 °F) on 27 January 1994. Apart from an important gypsum mine which operated off and on until the Second World War , the main industry in Chéticamp historically has been fishing. As ground fish quotas have declined, tourism has taken on more importance and is one of the two largest industries at this time along with the shellfish fisheries, lobster and crab. The tourism industry

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