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56-606: On Henrik Ruse 's plan of the Citadel from about 1661, a building (marked in red) is inscribed in the drawing, east of the site, with a floor plan that can almost only belong to a church. However, no church was mentioned in Ruse's contracts, nor are there any drawings for anyone from Ruse's hand. There is a drawing at the National Museum of Denmark of a church erected with Frederick III of Denmark 's monogram, which places it in

112-667: A Schleswig nobleman, Ruse was sent to Trondheim in Norway where he was appointed lieutenant general with responsibility for the Nordenfjells and Trondheim infantry regiments. In 1675, he was called to Christiania to participate in preparations for the Scanian War . When war broke out in September, Ruse spent the winter with his troops between Frederiksstad and Frederikshald . In 1676, he joined Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve on

168-561: A campaign in Sweden . Despite considerable success in Norway, Ruse was not happy about his stay there as it caused him appreciable losses on his interests in Rendsburg while his professional expertise was no longer in demand. In 1677, the king allowed him to leave Norway and sent him to Scania to lead the infantry, artillery and fortifications staff during the Scanian War . But luck was not on Ruse's side. The storming of Malmö on 26 June

224-425: A center field with a cross, but it has been removed, presumably by the renovation in 1985-87. The sound sky now sits for itself on the wall above the pulpit. Until 1839 the church had no actual baptismal font, but a baptismal table was used. Originally, baptism was held in the northwest corner of the church in a font closure. Now it happens in the choir east of the altar. The baptismal font dates from around 1820 and

280-401: A fire in the boiler room spread to the roof, which must then have been at least partially replaced. In 1905 the text "I am the way of truth and life" is placed on architrave one over the east portal. The same year, the glam holes in the spiral, which have previously been partially closed, are opened. Inside, the ceiling vault is covered with blue painted boards in 1950. In 1969, the church got

336-478: A gift Storm received on behalf of the church. It is created by Gorm Clausen from Marstal in 1930. Like Garrison's Church and Holmen's Church, Kastelskirken has a church flag. It was donated by the 1st Regiment, the Danish Life Regiment's Soldiers' Association in connection with the 325th anniversary of the Citadel on October 28, 1989. The tab is only promoted during the ecclesiastical acts. The cloth

392-511: A grating wall so that only the old organ facade could be seen. In 1969, the church got its current organ from Poul-Gerhard Andersen's Organ Building. (The Marcus organ was sold to [Philip's Church].) It has 25 votes on two manuals and a pedal. The organ may be behind the old organ facade, so the back wall is no longer hidden. The church ship, the Danish frigate Jylland , was a gift from the church's past pastor A.V. Storm (or possibly funded with

448-422: A great instrument. At the same time, the carpenter Jochum Jacobsen delivered a carving work in lime wood, which is believed to be the ornament that still sits on the organ pulpit. In 1756, a new organ was acquired, of which little is known, besides being a rococo organ, and the price was 400 dollars. However, you know what the facade looked like, since it is the facade that is still seen on the organ. The instrument

504-592: A member of the academy in 1855 and the following year was appointed City Architect in Copenhagen. He also had many private clients. Nebelong also served as resident architect for the Danish lighthouse authority, designing numerous lighthouses around the country. He also designed many town jails and court houses. His restorations included Ribe Cathedral (1843–45, along with F.F. Friis), Store Heddinge Church (1853–54), Garnisons Kirke, Copenhagen (1860), Tranekær Manor (1862-63) and Hårby Church on Funen (1856). He headed

560-485: A new organ, which does not cover the entire back wall, so the north windows again shed light on the organ pulpit. In 1985, an extensive restoration of the building began. The roof structure was found to have been attacked by fungus, and large parts of the woodwork had to be replaced, as was the upper part of the wall crown. The church room was brought back, if not to its original appearance, then to its original style. Most of Nebelong's changes were removed and only his pulpit

616-600: A plan for rebuilding the Copenhagen citadel which was accepted. Construction work, completed three years later, caused some bitterness among the local citizens, leading as far as threats to Ruse's life. In 1667, Ruse also completed the defences of Frederiksort in the Duchy of Schleswig . He travelled around Denmark, inspecting and repairing the defences, especially those in Kronborg , Nyborg and Fredericia . Thereafter he

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672-425: A work which sought to offer scientific explanations for the most recent requirements of defensive fortifications. On 2 June 1654, he married Susanna Dubbengiesser or Toppengiesser from Stockholm . They had three daughters: Maria, Anna Isabelle and Johanna (Jeanne) Maria. Johanna Maria was the only one to survive. In Amsterdam Ruse worked as an architect, designed a public building, a few houses and invested in

728-406: Is arched over the edge of the corner. The date when the copper roof was replaced with brick is not known, perhaps in 1722 when there were windows – two on each long side and one on each short side – perhaps in 1725, when the prison was built. The attic windows had disappeared again by the great redevelopment in 1857. The prison, which in 1725 was being built up to the west side of the church, blocks

784-433: Is lined with copper, and the wing bar details are gilded. The wing bar ends in a cross, which is really the only thing that reveals that the building is a church. Above the east door is the building year 1704, the inscription from 1905 is gone again. Although the east door is no longer locked, the north entrance is normally used. The north entrance portal from 1880 is preserved. The church room appears very simple, adjacent to

840-400: Is no actual choir counter. The altarpiece consists of three oil paintings inserted over one another in a carved gilded wooden frame. The cutter is unknown. It stems from the church's construction, but the paintings are older. The large painting in the middle – The Shepherd's Worship – is very likely identical to the altarpiece of the first Citadel Church. It was made in the latter half of

896-407: Is on the normal church furniture parts (see below). (On the day that one photograph was taken, however, roses were adorned on the headboards.) nowadays, 10 of the original 14 windows provide light to the main church room. The four facing the prison are still walled, but the sound holes have been reopened to the prison. The rows of chairs go all the way to the choir, which is raised two steps, so there

952-404: Is today (marked with green on Ruse's drawing). The project is so similar to the proposal for the redevelopment of the first church that we must assume that G.P. Müller was the architect of it again. Construction began in 1703 under the direction of "contractor", Domenico Pelli, and was completed in 1704, when the church was inaugurated on November 26. The drawings for the church have been lost, and

1008-507: The 17th century. The lower image – The Last Supper – is stylistically similar to other church images dating from about 1700. The upper image – Christ on the Cross – dates from the late 1600s. The altar is adorned with the Citadel's own 'logo': a Greek cross in a stylized outline of the five bastions of the Citadel. The church also has an altarpiece from about 1860, probably part of Nebelong's redevelopment, but it has never been erected in

1064-536: The Danish lighthouse authority. Niels Sigfred Nebelong was born in Copenhagen , Denmark. He was the son of Johan Henrik Nebelong and Anna Christine Schreyber. He was the brother of architect Johan Henrik Nebelong . In 1819 he was admitted to the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts where he studied under German-born, Danish architect Gustav Friedrich Hetsch and won both the small and large gold medal, in 1833 and 1837 respectively. Nebelong taught at

1120-455: The Spartan. The walls and ceiling are white, the woodwork is pearl grey with gilded details, and the floor is covered with greyish tiles. Under the chairs, there is a slightly raised plank floor. Except for the altarpiece, only colours other than grey, white, and gold, are found on the organ facade, the cushions of the chairs and the kneeling. The church room has no decoration drilled from what

1176-548: The Turks had occupied the island of Crete the Venetian army went as far as Risan , Bar and Budva in order to occupy Albania . When Foscolo was appointed to defend Candia in 1651, Ruse decided to leave the army because of problems with his legs, and on his way back, he paid great attention to defence systems and facilities. In August 1651 he was appointed by the city is an engineer for Amsterdam 's defences. He criticized

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1232-643: The academy for several years before he went abroad on its travel scholarship from 1839 to 1842. He first studied with Henri Labrouste in Paris and then continued to Italy and Greece . After a few years as a teacher at the academy, he travelled to Paris, where he studied under Henri Labrouste , and then continued to Italy and Greece , before returning to Denmark in 1842. Back in Denmark, he had two commissions in Kolding . In 1846 he returned to Copenhagen. He became

1288-732: The age of 15 Ruse began a military career where he saw action under the flags of France and Venice . He took part in the Battle of Freiburg (1644), the Battle of Alerheim (1645) and was active at Philippsburg , serving the Prince de Condé and the Vicomte de Turenne . In 1646, he went to Bergamo and Venice and served under General Leonardo Foscolo in Dalmatia . In 1648, the Venetian army occupied Dugopolje and moved up to Ragusa . As

1344-411: The altar, which served as a priest and writing chair. The drawing also shows a new altarpiece that was apparently made (it still exists) but never used. After this conversion, the church receives only daylight from the east wall windows. In the next hundred years, the major changes in the appearance of the building will not occur. In 1880, the north portal was changed to resemble the east portal. In 1895,

1400-455: The church, partly because the archdiocese's archives were lost during the English occupation of the Citadel in 1807. In 1857, a city architect, Niels Sigfred Nebelong , started a major redevelopment. He was also supposed to have devised the plans. In this rebuild, the pulpits were removed along the long sides, replaced the chairs with new (oak-coloured) and laid a plank floor. The chairs along

1456-452: The church. It is a painting of Lucie Ingemann depicting Christ as the King of Heaven, receiving the souls of the deceased. The painting is inserted in a newly Gothic oak frame of 3.2 meters by 1.47 meters. The church's first pulpit from 1704 is described as a single carpenter's work without any particular decoration. It had a sound sky "made of boards". It was painted pearl grey and red like

1512-426: The colour of the masonry, but a painting from 1750 indicates a reddish coating. The woodwork was painted pearl grey with red mouldings and the columns marbled in red and white. In the porch inside the door in the north end, there is a staircase to the pulpit on the left and a closed chair to the right. Inside the church, there are two rows of chairs along the walls: chairs for men on the west side and chairs for others on

1568-492: The correct time period and which fits on Ruse's floor plan, but since the church was never built, it is more of academic interest. However, it has been used in a visualization of Ruse's plan. The information about the first church of the castle is sparse. North of the Artillery Stick, Ruse had erected a command house (marked in blue on the drawing) of recycled materials from the old customs warehouse. It can be seen on

1624-462: The description and pictures of the church building below. The church was inaugurated in March 1987. In 1988, the church received Europa Nostra 's bronze plaque for the restoration. The Citadel Church today appears as a simple Baroque building without the great decoration. The masonry is whitewashed yellow and the roof is covered with black glazed bricks. The "tower" – it's more like a [roof rider] –

1680-420: The east side, four on the west side and two in each gable. There are two doors, one in the middle on the east side and one at the north end. It is both wing doors with internal porch. Above the door on the east side, the year 1704 is gilded, and in the frontispiece of the roof is Frederick IV of Denmark 's monogram with a crown over, both gilt. The tower has two bells and a clock. The description says nothing about

1736-409: The east wall were led through so the door was locked. The windows on the west side and the sound channels were completely rebuilt and a new pulpit was erected. Probably the most significant of Nebelong's changes was the new alternative. The southern end wall was drawn out so that a rounded niche could be formed around the altarpiece (see drawing). Thereby two small rooms were formed, one on each side of

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1792-405: The east. At the south end are choirs and altars. The floor is covered with edged bricks, but in the chancel, however, with tiles. Along the three walls, there are pulpits, supported by 12 columns. On the left pulpit there are five closed chairs and on the right one. On the rest of these pulpits, there are "two rows of benches for the common people". On the northern pulpit stands the organ. The ceiling

1848-425: The fortification plans of Amsterdam burgomasters Frans Banninck Cocq , Johan Huydecoper van Maarsseveen , Cornelis Bicker and Nicolaes Tulp . In 1652, he became a captain in the civic guard , charged with an infantry company. In 1654, profiting from his careful study of various types of fortification, he completed Versterckte vesting, uitgevonden in velerleij voorvallen en geobserveert in deze laatste oorloogen ,

1904-420: The four west-facing windows, but nothing more than that still some light falls on the western pulpit. A system of sound channels was constructed from the church into the prison so that the prisoners could follow the services of their cells. In 1750, more was added around the monogram in the frontispiece. In 1961, it was all renewed. From the time between 1750 and 1850, there is almost no information available on

1960-647: The import of Norwegian timber piles and real estate, which was intended for shipwharves. He is also said to have designed the church in Hoogeveen . In 1658 he had bought a small country estate in Sauwerd . Without being completely relieved of his duties in the Netherlands, Ruse went on to realise various fortification assignments for John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen , including the huge citadel at Kalkar , and for Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg ,

2016-527: The king so required. But already on 22 February 1679, he died and was buried in Sauwerd in the Netherlands. Niels Sigfred Nebelong Niels Sigfred Nebelong (14 October 1806 – 9 October 1871) was a Danish architect who worked in the Historicist style . He was city architect in Copenhagen from 1863 and also designed many lighthouses around Denmark in his capacity as resident architect for

2072-473: The most important of which was the fortification of Harburg in 1660. After the peace treaty at the end of the Second Northern War in 1660, Frederick III of Denmark-Norway commissioned Ruse to reconstruct the damaged fortifications of Copenhagen . In 1661, he was appointed quartermaster general, chief inspector of fortifications and colonel of an infantry regiment. Ruse immediately submitted

2128-476: The oldest drawings we have come from Chr. Goede's survey in 1754, where the prison was built. However, there is a detailed description of the church from 1709 which gives an impression of what the church looked like at the beginning (translated from Danish): The building is the foundation wall (on the foundation of a castle that Ruse laid). The roof and tower are copper covered. There are 14 similar windows – in round arch style with iron bars – distributed with six on

2184-422: The plan as an extension that goes further into the alarm area than the other sticks. However, the house was a short distance from the log. The house was described as having a basement walled basement, two-storey half-timbered building and full roof. After the completion of the plant around the turn of the year 1666-67, the building remained unused until the church moved in somewhere between 1672 and 1676. The church

2240-439: The rest of the church's woodwork. It was located at about the same location as the present one, west of the altar. The present pulpit dates from the great redevelopment in 1857 and was designed by Nebelong. It was originally in "oak colour", but whether it involves aging is not entirely clear. In 1958 it was painted pearl grey like the other woodwork, with gilded figures. It used to have a back wall with window-shaped squares around

2296-592: The same year he was awarded the Order of the Dannebrog . Ruse owned property in Copenhagen including Bremerholms Admiralsgård outside the old Østerport . In Holstein , he had property in Glückstadt and in the Netherlands he had an establishment in Sauwerd near Groningen as well as property in the fourth urban planning of Amsterdam. Under Christian V in 1673, with the support of the influential Hans von Schack ,

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2352-720: The support of the monarchy, he first became a general and later a baron. Ruse died in Sauwerd near Groningen in the Netherlands . Ruse was born in the village of Ruinen in the Dutch province of Drenthe . His father, Johan Ruse, who was the parish priest in Ruinen, belonged to a Huguenot family from eastern France, sympathising with the Protestant theologian Jacobus Arminius . Unlike his brothers who studied in Franeker , at

2408-429: The war cabinet. With the threat of war with England, he was sent to Norway together with Frederik Ahlefeldt in 1667. In 1669, he became commander of Fredericia and, in 1671, commander in chief responsible for fortifications in the duchies. From 1667 to 1670, he also coordinated significant extensions to the Copenhagen and Christianshavn ramparts. His next major work, during the last year of Frederick III's reign,

2464-470: The west of Jutland . He resigned his post in 1671. BOEVLING slot and estate estate were elevated to the status of feudal barony of Rysensteen in 1672. Ruse, who had already become a Danish nobleman in 1664, was among the earliest nobles who became feudal barons according to the law of 25 May 1671, which completely restructured the Danish nobility, creating the only two classes of feudal counts and feudal berons, who since then constituted Danish High Society. In

2520-511: Was a Dutch officer and fortification engineer. Following a period when he served in various armies in Germany and Italy , he wrote a well-researched book documenting the latest trends in fortification systems across Europe. As a result, he was entrusted with commissions for improving defences in his native Amsterdam , in Germany , and finally in Denmark and Norway where, benefitting from

2576-616: Was hampered by resistance from Hans von Schack, an influential military expert. At the beginning of Christian V 's reign, he rebuilt the entrenchments on a small island in the River Elbe and completed a comprehensive report on the fortification system for the Danish-Norwegian monarchy. In 1664, Ruse obtained the property rights for Bøvling Palace and its estate with responsibility for the Bøvling district near Ringkøbing in

2632-479: Was involved in large-scale civil construction work in Copenhagen including cemeteries and monuments including the one to Corfitz Ulfeldt . But above all, he drew up plans for two new districts, one to the northeast of Kongens Nytorv and Gothersgade (Frederiksstaden) which included the Nyhavn Canal , the other southwest of Slotsholmen (Frederiksholm). In 1664, Ruse was appointed major general and member of

2688-448: Was not successful, nor was the Battle of Landskrona on 14 July. He was then appointed governor of Landskrona with orders to improve the fortifications. However, in the absence of manpower and supplies and in the face of opposition from Field Marshal Joachim Rüdiger von der Goltz who was given the supreme command of Scania, he was unable to complete the assignment. In a letter dated 28 August, Ruse complained in quite bitter terms that he

2744-463: Was not until Our Lady Church as a temporary font until 1839, when it was redundant and donated to the Citadel Church. It is made of wood and in a classicist style. Originally it was marbled in grey and white, now it stands in solid grey with gilt details. The church's first organ was provided by Johan Beverlin and was ready in the summer of 1705. It cost 60 dollars, so it has probably not been

2800-425: Was on the first floor ("other logging"), with an outside staircase. In 1696, the chief of fortification, Hans Erasmus von der Pfordten, drew up a proposal to redevelop the house into something very similar to the present church, just less. It was previously believed that von der Pfordten himself had worked as an architect on the proposal, but information obtained in connection with [Garrison's Church] indicates that it

2856-414: Was preserved. The two rooms at the south end were removed. Instead, clergy and parish rooms were set up in the former prison, and doors were made between the two buildings. The rooms on each side of the porch were closed, and the porch – which is closer to a porch – was lined with wooden panels that matched the gables of the new chairs. The chairs were opened again so that the east door could be used. See also

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2912-614: Was renewed in 2004, paid for by the Chief of Defense and the commander of the Army Operational Command, as well as the 1st Regiment, the Danish Life Regiment's Soldiers' Association. There is no cemetery attached to the Citadel Church. 55°41′29″N 12°35′34.6″E  /  55.69139°N 12.592944°E  / 55.69139; 12.592944 Henrik Ruse Henrik Ruse, Baron of Rysensteen ( né Henrik Ruse 9 April 1624 – 22 February 1679)

2968-596: Was the rebuilding of the fortifications at Rendsburg in Schleswig. Ruse justified his efforts explaining that Denmark needed to be protected from the south, with additional defences in Sonderburg and Friedrichsort on the western shore of Kiel Fjord . In this way, the entire area could be systematically defended. He had hoped to undertake a much more extensive project on both sides of the River Eider but this

3024-535: Was the same man, the engineering officer Georg Philip Müller, who designed both churches. The rebuilding was not carried out, it was sufficient to repair the need, in anticipation of a new and larger church being built. In 1699, a bell stack was erected at the north end of the church. In 1697, von der Pfordten proposes that a new church be built west of the Alarm Square along the Royal Bastion, where it

3080-536: Was unable to carry out his work and requested retirement. Without further hesitation, King Christian V suspended him from his command and set up a committee to examine his conduct during the entire campaign. Ruse's defence consisted of a lengthy complaint criticising lack of support from von der Goltz, a position which was upheld by the examining committee. On 4 December 1677, Ruse obtained his retirement and pending remuneration, with instructions not to serve Denmark-Norway's enemies and to return to Denmark without delay if

3136-411: Was used for over a hundred years, despite being almost unplayable in the end. In 1859, Marcussen & Son delivered a new organ which was approved by the organists J.P.E. Hartmann and Niels W. Gade , but in 1922 it was replaced by one with 35 votes and three manuals, conducted by W. Sauer, Frankfurt an der Oder. The organ filled the entire room above the entrance and separated from the organ pulpit by

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