104-539: The City S-Bahn is a 5,380 metre-long tunnel section of the Hamburg S-Bahn . It runs between Altona station and Hamburg Hauptbahnhof through the city centre of Hamburg and the districts of Altona and St. Pauli . The S-Bahn lines S1 and S3 of the Hamburger Verkehrsverbund (Hamburg Transport Association) run through the tunnel. Seven S-Bahn stations are located in the tunnel, including
208-457: A Jacobs bogie in the middle. The carriages, with doors on each side of the compartments, took their design and functionality from Prussian compartment carriages. A railway line constructed and operated by a local company in 1914 and taken over by the district of Stormarn after bankruptcy, led from Ohlsdorf to Poppenbüttel in Prussia , with the goal of connecting neighbouring settlements along
312-718: A coal-fired power station in Leverkusenstraße in Bahrenfeld , which also provided power to the Altona harbour railway . The first electric trains ran on 1 October 1907, and from 29 January 1908 the line from Blankenese to Ohlsdorf was served exclusively by electric trains. These dates are considered the birthdates of the S-Bahn. The basic unit of an AC train consisted of two articulated compartment carriages on six axles with motorised two-axle bogies under each cab end and
416-432: A full train with six carriages or a long train with nine carriages. Until 2001, the S-Bahn was one of very few suburban railway systems to offer two classes of service. A quieter and more comfortable first class was available for a 50% supplement. Only type 474 and type 490 trains are in regular service. The last remaining type 470 and type 471 trains were removed from service in 2002 and 2001 respectively and
520-598: A 12-story office building was erected in the southern part of the historic city centre in the late 1920s. Munich again became important to the Nazis when they took power in Germany in 1933. The party created its first concentration camp at Dachau , 16 km (10 mi) north-west of the city. Because of its importance to the rise of National Socialism, Munich was referred to as the Hauptstadt der Bewegung ("Capital of
624-461: A completely new building. In the first step, all platforms will be built with a length of at least 140 m, a later expansion to serve the route with long trains was taken into account in the planning. Furthermore, the existing level crossings with other types of traffic along the Route eliminated. For nature conservation reasons, complex structures are sometimes required, such as a wide-span new bridge in
728-697: A greater audience. William V was addressed with the epithet "the Pious" and like his contemporary Wittelsbach dukes promoted himself as "father of the land" ( Landesvater ), encouraged pilgrimages and Marian devotions . William V had the Hofbräuhaus built in 1589. It would become the prototype for beer halls across Munich. After World War II the Residenze, the Hofbräuhaus, the Frauenkirche , and
832-562: A large fire broke out in Munich that lasted two days and destroyed about a third of the town. In 1349, the Black Death ravaged Munich and Bavaria. The growth of Munich was supplemented by its location on top of a gravel bed, where the Isar branched into Munich City Streams , which in turn provided power for many mills and industries within Munich. In the 15th century, Munich underwent
936-473: A leading letter "S" have since been adopted for other S-Bahn systems in the German-speaking world. Analogically, U-Bahn lines got the leading letter "U". Extensions were made in 1967 on separate tracks from Elbgaustraße to Pinneberg, and in 1969 on existing mainline tracks from Bergedorf to Aumühle . To ease the strain on the central Verbindungsbahn ("connection railway"), a second main connection
1040-544: A major European centre of arts, architecture , culture and science. In 1918, during the German Revolution of 1918–19 , the ruling House of Wittelsbach , which had governed Bavaria since 1180, was forced to abdicate in Munich and a short-lived Bavarian Soviet Republic was declared. In the 1920s, Munich became home to several political factions, among them the Nazi Party . After the Nazis' rise to power, Munich
1144-475: A migration background from a foreign country. Munich's economy is based on high tech , automobiles , and the service sector , as well as IT , biotechnology , engineering, and electronics . It has one of the strongest economies of any German city and the lowest unemployment rate of all cities in Germany with more than one million inhabitants. The city houses many multinational companies, such as BMW , Siemens , Allianz SE and Munich Re . In addition, Munich
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#17327874177001248-399: A minimum interval of 150 seconds. The signalling system allowed trains to run 90 seconds apart but the slightest deviation from the timetable would have created a major difficulty. Moreover, the link line avoided the entire central city of Hamburg and the former city of Altona, as it ran along part of the former Hamburg ramparts. As a result, it was decided to build an underground S-Bahn line to
1352-608: A new aesthetic of power. Construction work for the Führerbau and the party headquarters (known as the Brown House ) started in September 1933. The Haus der Kunst (House of German Art) was the first building to be commissioned by Hitler. The architect Paul Troost was asked to start work shortly after the Nazis had seized power because "the most German of all German cities" was left with no exhibition building when in 1931
1456-545: A new section to Ohlsdorf . The Verbindungsbahn had been extended from one track to four and level crossings eliminated between 1893 and 1903. The new double-track line adjoining it was completed in the summer of 1906 after an eight-year construction period. It ran alongside the Lübeck–Hamburg line of the Lübeck-Büchen Railway Company as far as Hasselbrook and then on its own tracks as far as
1560-520: A new toll bridge, customs house and a coin market closer to his home somewhat upstream at a settlement around the area of modern old town Munich. This new toll bridge most likely crossed the Isar where the Museuminsel and the modern Ludwigsbrücke is now located. Otto of Freising protested to his nephew, Emperor Frederick Barbarosa (d. 1190). However, on 14 June 1158, in Augsburg , the conflict
1664-399: A north westerly direction towards Itzehoe via Elmshorn , being an Express line until Pinneberg . To the east of the city, the new line should have travelled with the current S1 and S11 to Hasselbrook and from there further to the northeast direction via Wandsbek to Ahrensburg along the existing regional train line . Only the eastern part of the line from Hauptbahnhof was implemented, as
1768-630: A plague ordinance to halt an epidemic escalation. The bubonic plague nevertheless ravaged Munich and the surrounding countryside in 1634 and 1635. During the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) troops again converged on Munich in 1647 and precautions were taken, so as to avoid another epidemic. Under the regency of the Bavarian electors, Munich was an important centre of Baroque life, but also had to suffer under Habsburg occupations in 1704 and 1742. When Elector Maximilian III Joseph died in 1745,
1872-625: A regional railway line, which was designated a S-Bahn line, since the HVV did not offer travel with regional railways at the time, but wanted its fare system to be valid on the line. Since September 2000, a popular initiative in Stormarn has been working for the improvement of the S4, today the RB 81. The initiative is currently basing their arguments on a feasibility study which was ordered by S-Bahn Hamburg GmbH in
1976-499: A reversing facility. Shortly north of the station, the railway climbs at a maximum gradient of 4.0% to reach ground level. In the 1960s, Hamburg had only two S-Bahn lines. During the planning and construction of the large housing estate of Osdorfer Born in north-western Hamburg, consideration was given to increasing S-Bahn services on the Hamburg-Altona link line ( Verbindungsbahn ), which at that time had services running at
2080-531: A revival of Gothic arts : the Old Town Hall was enlarged, and Munich's largest Gothic church – the Frauenkirche – now a cathedral, was constructed in only 20 years, starting in 1468. When Bavaria was reunited in 1506 after a brief war against the Duchy of Landshut , Munich became its capital. The arts and politics became increasingly influenced by the court. The Renaissance movement beset Munich and
2184-554: A single-track S-Bahn line to Gartenholz , then the S-Bahn trains will switch to the long-distance network and cross over this Bad Oldesloe . The new line has a length of around 20 km (12 mi), the total length of the route between Hasselbrook and Bad Oldesloe is 35.9 km (22.3 mi). The route is planning divided into the four sections `` Hasselbrook - Luetkensallee , `` Luetkensallee - state border Hamburg / Schleswig-Holstein , `` state border - Gartenholz and ``Gartenholz - Bad Oldesloe . The first three are also
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#17327874177002288-521: A very high standard and quality of living, reaching first in Germany and third worldwide according to the 2018 Mercer survey, and being rated the world's most liveable city by the Monocle's Quality of Life Survey 2018 . Munich is consistently ranked as one of the most expensive cities in Germany in terms of real estate prices and rental costs. In 2023, 30.1 percent of Munich's residents were foreigners, and another 18.5 percent were German citizens with
2392-465: Is built under the lake. The line runs from there to the southwest, passing through Stadthausbrücke station to Landungsbrücken station. From there, it swings back to the northwest and tunnels under the Reeperbahn to Reeperbahn station. It then continues to Königstrasse station and reaches Altona station from the south. The underground S-Bahn station at Altona was built with four tracks, including
2496-410: Is home to two research universities, and a multitude of scientific institutions. Munich's numerous architectural and cultural attractions, sports events, exhibitions and its annual Oktoberfest , the world's largest Volksfest , attract considerable tourism. Munich was a tiny 8th-century friar settlement, which was named zu den Munichen ("to the monks"). The Old High German Muniche served as
2600-499: Is in tunnel, 7.9 km (4.9 mi) are single track. There are four main lines (S1, S2, S3, S5) Lines S1 and S3 use the "City-S-Bahn" via Jungfernstieg , S2 and S5 use the Verbindungsbahn via Dammtor. Until 2002, some Regionalbahn services were given S-Bahn numbers. Locomotive-hauled service between Hauptbahnhof and Ahrensburg was S4 (now RB 81); between Altona and Elmshorn was S5 (now RE 6 and RB 71); and, before
2704-696: Is now a world leading party service. The city was the site where the 1938 Munich Agreement signed between the United Kingdom and the Third French Republic with Nazi Germany as part of the Franco-British policy of appeasement . The British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain assented to the German annexation of Czechoslovakia 's Sudetenland in the hopes of satisfying Hitler's territorial expansion. The Munich-Riem Airport
2808-578: Is the capital and most populous city of the Free State of Bavaria , Germany . With a population of 1,594,632 inhabitants as of 31 May 2024, it is the third-largest city by population in Germany , after Berlin and Hamburg , and thus the largest which does not constitute its own state, as well as the 11th-largest city in the European Union . The Munich metropolitan area – including suburbs and satellite towns – has 3 million inhabitants; and
2912-624: The City, Ring and Suburban lines had been operated since 1924; it was first used by the German Imperial railway with reference to its Hamburg-Altona City and Suburban railway in 1934. The term was also used to describe non-electric services on lines within the local suburban tariff: the steam-powered lines from Blankenese to Wedel , from Altona to Elmshorn , from Hamburg to Friedrichsruh and to Harburg . Since 2002, lines not served by S-Bahn have been designated "Regional railway lines". In
3016-833: The Bavarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed. The November 1918 revolution ended the reign of the Wittelsbach in Bavaria. In Mein Kampf Adolf Hitler described his political activism in Munich after November 1918 as the "Beginning of My Political Activity". Hitler called the short-lived Bavarian Soviet Republic "the rule of the Jews". In 1919 Bavaria Film was founded and in the 1920s Munich offered film makers an alternative to Germany's largest film studio, Babelsberg Studio . In 1923 Gustav von Kahr
3120-699: The Bavarian dialect area , after the Austrian capital of Vienna . The city was first mentioned in 1158. Catholic Munich strongly resisted the Reformation and was a political point of divergence during the resulting Thirty Years' War , but remained physically untouched despite an occupation by the Protestant Swedes . Once Bavaria was established as the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1806, Munich became
3224-644: The Bayerischer Rundfunk began its first television broadcast in 1954. The Free State of Bavaria used the arms industry as kernel for its high tech development policy. Since 1963, Munich has been hosting the Munich Security Conference , held annually in the Hotel Bayerischer Hof . Munich also became known on the political level due to the strong influence of Bavarian politician Franz Josef Strauss from
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3328-588: The Beer Hall Putsch , an attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic and seize power. The revolt failed, resulting in Hitler's arrest and the temporary crippling of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). Munich was chosen as capital for the Free State of Bavaria and acquired increased responsibility for administering the city itself and the surrounding districts. Offices needed to be built for bureaucracy, so
3432-625: The Glass Palace was destroyed in an arson attack. The Red Terror that supposedly preceded Nazi control in Munich was detailed in Nazi publications; seminal accounts are that of Rudolf Schricker Rotmord über München published in 1934, and Die Blutchronik des Marxismus in Deutschland by Adolf Ehrt and Hans Roden. In 1930 Feinkost Käfer was founded in Munich, the Käfer catering business
3536-718: The Maximilian Gardens . From 1848 the Münchner Neueste Nachrichten was published as a regional newspaper in Munich. In 1857 the construction of the Maximilianeum was begun. By the time Ludwig II became king in 1864, he remained mostly aloof from his capital and focused more on his fanciful castles in the Bavarian countryside, which is why he is known the world over as the 'fairytale king'. Ludwig II tried to lure Richard Wagner to Munich, but his plans for an opera house were declined by
3640-599: The Peterskirche were reconstructed to look exactly as they did before the Nazi Party seized power in 1933. The Catholic League was founded in Munich in 1609. In 1623, during the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), Munich became an electoral residence when Duke Maximilian I was invested with the electoral dignity , but in 1632 the city was occupied by King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden . In 1634 Swedish and Spanish troops advanced on Munich. Maximilian I published
3744-632: The S-Bahn , the Hamburg U-Bahn , the AKN railway and the regional railway form the backbone of railway public transport in the city and the surrounding area. The network has operated since 1907 as a commuter rail system, under the direction of the state railway, and is a member of the Hamburger Verkehrsverbund (HVV; Hamburg Transport Association). There are four lines, serving 68 stations, on 147 kilometres (91 mi) of route. On an average working day
3848-625: The bombing of Munich in World War II , with 71 air raids over five years. US troops liberated Munich on 30 April 1945. In the aftermath of World War II, Germany and Japan were subject to US Military occupation. Due to Polish annexation of the Former eastern territories of Germany and expulsion of Germans from all over Eastern Europe , Munich operated over a thousand refugee camps for 151,113 people in October 1946. After US occupation Munich
3952-530: The city's metropolitan region is home to about 6.2 million people and is the third largest metropolitan region by GDP in the European Union. Straddling the banks of the river Isar north of the Alps , Munich is the seat of the Bavarian administrative region of Upper Bavaria , while being the most densely populated municipality in Germany with 4,500 people per km . Munich is the second-largest city in
4056-543: The nature reserve Stellmoor-Ahrensburger Tunneltal , which in the context of the planning process leads to delays and More costs resulted. In June 2022, The S-Bahn Hamburg announced a new network system which will be in effect starting December 2023 on the nationwide schedule switch. The new network also introduced the 5- minute interval waiting times, replacing its original 10 minute intervals on majority of train lines. The S1 travels from its original line track of Airport/Poppenbüttel to Blankenese/Wedel and vice versa with
4160-573: The 1700s beer came to be regarded as the fifth element . Beer was essential in maintaining public health in Munich and in the mid-1840s Munich police estimated that at least 40,000 residents relied primarily on beer for their nutrition. In 1832 Peter von Hess painted the Greek War of Independence at the order of King Ludwig I . Ludwig I had the Königsplatz built in neoclassicism as a matter of ideological choice. Leo von Klenze supervised
4264-599: The 1930s, after almost 30 years of service, the necessity to renew the trains and infrastructure had become apparent. Since the DC system had proved itself over more than a decade with the Berlin S-Bahn, where the 750 volt DC power was supplied by a third rail, the German Imperial Railway decided to adopt the same system for Hamburg in 1937 and to abandon overhead AC. In order to allow improved acceleration,
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4368-466: The 1943 Battle of Stalingrad members of the group stenciled slogans such as "Down with Hitler" and "Hitler the Mass Murderer" on public buildings in Munich. The core members were arrested and executed after Sophie Scholl and her brother Hans Scholl were caught distributing leaflets on Munich University campus calling upon the youth to rise against Hitler. The city was heavily damaged by
4472-411: The 472 trains in 2022. The type 474 trains primarily serve lines S1, S11, S3 and S31, type 490 lines S2, S21 and S31. With the extension of the S-Bahn to Stade, new dual-system trains have been deployed. These are identical to the type 474 units but with a pantograph on the central carriage to collect 15 kV alternate current from overhead lines . With the introduction of type 474,
4576-575: The AKN to Eidelstedt and from there along the mainline tracks towards Kiel as far as Elbgaustraße . In 1965, the German Railway, along with two local transport companies, founded the Hamburger Verkehrsverbund , a common tariff system for U-Bahn and bus lines. The S-Bahn joined in December 1966. From January 1967, the S-Bahn lines were designated S1 − S6 (see Network ). Line designations with
4680-654: The Alster river. It was known as the Alster Valley Railway . It opened in 1918 with petrol -powered trains. The district of Stormarn gave the line to the German Imperial railway company, which electrified it and provided the extension of the Hamburg-Altona City and Suburban railway to Poppenbüttel in 1924. The term S-Bahn was first coined and used in Berlin from 1930, where a similar system on
4784-681: The Bavarian branch of the House of Wittelsbach under Duke Albrecht V who bolstered their prestige by conjuring up a lineage that reached back to classical antiquity . In 1568 Albrecht V built the Antiquarium to house the Wittelsbach collection of Greek and Roman antiquities in the Munich Residenz . Albrecht V appointed the composer Orlando di Lasso as director of the court orchestra and tempted numerous Italian musicians to work at
4888-693: The Hauptbahnhof. A two-track underground station was built next to the main hall of the Hauptbahnhof for S-Bahn trains running towards Altona, one track to the City S-Bahn line and one track to the Link line. The two S-Bahn tracks in the Hauptbahnhof’s main hall were rearranged for trains running from Altona. These arrangements facilitated transfer of passengers between S-Bahn services on the Link line and City S-Bahn line. The new underground S-Bahn platform
4992-433: The Hauptbahnhof–Landungsbrücken section was opened on 1 June 1975. It was operated as interim S-Bahn line S10. Besides the actual line, the two end points of the line at Hauptbahnhof and Altona station also had to be upgraded. Before the construction of the City S-Bahn the existing Altona station was a terminus with ten tracks, two reserved for the S-Bahn. First, the S-Bahn facilities were demolished and an underground station
5096-431: The Isar south of Munich, at the towns of Baierbrunn and Gauting . A Roman settlement north-east of Munich was excavated in the neighborhood of Denning . Starting in the 6th century, the Baiuvarii populated the area around what is now modern Munich, such as in Johanneskirchen, Feldmoching, Bogenhausen and Pasing. The first known Christian church was built ca. 815 in Fröttmanning. The first medieval bridges across
5200-435: The Lübeck – Hamburg route via Rahlstedt to Ahrensburg and Bad Oldesloe run. The route corresponds to the course of the regional train line RB81, which between 1966 and 2002 was already tariffed as an S-Bahn to Ahrensburg and operated under the name S4, but served by locomotive-hauled push-pull trains . For the expansion of the line, a double-track S-Bahn line will be created between Hasselbrook and Ahrensburg , and
5304-405: The Movement"). The NSDAP headquarters and the documentation apparatus for controlling all aspects of life were located in Munich. Nazi organizations, such as the National Socialist Women's League and the Gestapo , had their offices along Brienner Straße and around the Königsplatz . The party acquired 68 buildings in the area and many Führerbauten (" Führer buildings") were built to reflect
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#17327874177005408-476: The Munich court, establishing Munich as a hub for late Renaissance music . During the rule of Duke William V Munich began to be called the "German Rome" and William V began presenting Emperor Charlemagne as ancestor of the Wittelsbach dynasty. Duke William V further cemented the Wittelsbach rule by commissioning the Jesuit Michaelskirche . He had the sermons of his Jesuit court preacher Jeremias Drexel translated from Latin into German and published them to
5512-408: The Munich magazine Die Jugend ( The Youth ). Prominent Munich Jugendstil artists include Hans Eduard von Berlepsch-Valendas , Otto Eckmann , Margarethe von Brauchitsch , August Endell , Hermann Obrist , Wilhelm von Debschitz , and Richard Riemerschmid . In 1905 two large department stores opened in Munich, the Kaufhaus Oberpollinger and the Warenhaus Hermann Tietz , both had been designed by
5616-488: The S-Bahn is an important part of public transport within the city due to its dense schedule and good coverage of the metropolitan region. Unlike both Berlin and Hanover, the S-Bahn is of little importance for regional traffic since the network lies mostly within the city, though in 2007 the southwestern S3 line was extended about 32 km (20 mi) into the state of Lower Saxony (the Neugraben - Stade portion, which included seven new stations). On 5 December 1906, under
5720-464: The S-Bahn network dramatically increased. S-Bahn trains would go as far as Kaltenkirchen (the private AKN Eisenbahn currently connects to Kaltenkirchen from Eidelstedt ). An expansion plan which is in proposal, is the opening (or reopening) of a line S4. Plans for this have been around since the 1960s. Whilst planning the City S-Bahn and network extensions of the 1960s, the German railway thought of building an S-Bahn line S4. This line will Altona in
5824-460: The S-Bahn transports about 590,000 passengers; in 2010 about 221 million people used the S-Bahn. The S-Bahn is the only railway in Germany that uses both 1,200 V DC supplied by a third rail and 15 kV 16 + 2 ⁄ 3 Hz AC supplied by overhead lines . Most of the tracks are separated from other rail services. The S-Bahn is operated by S-Bahn Hamburg GmbH, a subsidiary of DB Regio . Similarly to Berlin but unlike Hanover ,
5928-529: The S-Bahn uses 1200 volts: as a consequence, Berlin and Hamburg rolling stock are not compatible with each other. The first DC trains, of the type ET 171 , were delivered in 1939; daily service began in July 1940 alongside the AC trains. Due to the Second World War and the post-war years with their shortages, mixed usage lasted until 1955. The basic DC train unit consisted of three four-axle carriages, each with four sliding double doors per side. The middle carriages had upholstered seats for second class, while
6032-404: The addition of Ottensen S-Bahn Station in between Altona and Bahrenfeld. The S2, however replaces all trains such as S11, S21, and S31 that passes by „Verbindungsbahn“ (via Dammtor, Sternschanze and Holstenstrasse) since the track runs from Aumühle to Altona via Dammtor and back. The S3 still runs up from Pinneberg, however only ends until Neugraben and vice versa via the Citytunnel. In light of
6136-401: The airport took place in 1991, and again in 2001; the line was opened on 11 December 2008 and has been fully operational since 12 December 2008. Northbound S1 trains split at Ohlsdorf, the front section to the airport, the rear section continues to Poppenbüttel. The S-Bahn is operated by S-Bahn Hamburg GmbH , a subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn AG . The company is answerable to DB Regio Nord and
6240-509: The architect Max Littmann . In 1911 the expressionist group Der Blaue Reiter was established in Munich. Its founding members include Gabriele Münter . Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914, life in Munich became very difficult, as the Allied blockade of Germany led to food and fuel shortages. During French air raids in 1916, three bombs fell on Munich. In 1916, the 'Bayerische Motoren Werke' ( BMW ) produced its first aircraft engine in Munich. The public limited company BMW AG
6344-458: The basis for the modern German city name München . The river Isar was a prehistoric trade route and in the Bronze Age Munich was among the largest raft ports in Europe. Bronze Age settlements up to four millennia old have been discovered. Evidence of Celtic settlements from the Iron Age have been discovered in areas around Ramersdorf-Perlach . The ancient Roman road Via Julia, which connected Augsburg and Salzburg , crossed over
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#17327874177006448-503: The center of a modernizing kingdom, and one of the king's first acts was the secularization of Bavaria. He had dissolved all monasteries in 1802 and once crowned, Maximilian Joseph generated state revenues by selling off church lands. While many monasteries were reestablished, Maximilian Joseph I succeeded in controlling the right to brew beer ( Braurecht ). The king handed the brewing monopoly to Munich's wealthiest brewers, who in turn paid substantial taxes on their beer production. In 1807
6552-491: The city council. Ludwig II nevertheless generated a windfall for Munich's craft and construction industries. In 1876 Munich hosted the first German Art and Industry Exhibition, which showcased the northern Neo-Renaissance fashion that came to be the German Empire 's predominant style. Munich based artists put on the German National Applied Arts Exhibition in 1888, showcasing Baroque Revival architecture and Rococo Revival designs. In 1900 Wilhelm Röntgen moved to Munich, he
6656-440: The city in an east-west direction – the northern Hamburg-Altona link line and the southern City S-Bahn – and six connecting routes (two in the western part of the city and four in the eastern part). The trunk routes connect at Altona and Hauptbahnhof . 113.2 km (70.3 mi) are separated from other rail services, 31.9 km (19.8 mi) are shared with regional and cargo traffic. About 12.5 km (7.8 mi)
6760-435: The colour scheme of ivory and teal was replaced by a colour called "Traffic Red" ( RAL 3020). External advertising covering the entire bodies of trains was abandoned at this time. The implementation of a consistent corporate design led to type 472 trains being updated with the new colour scheme. This has left the Berlin S-Bahn as the only German S-Bahn train types with an individual design. Type 474 trains were initially in
6864-422: The construction of a Propylaia between 1854 and 1862. During the early to mid-19th century, the old fortified city walls of Munich were largely demolished due to population expansion. The first Munich railway station was built in 1839, with a line going to Augsburg in the west. By 1849 a newer Munich Central Train Station ( München Hauptbahnhof ) was completed, with a line going to Landshut and Regensburg in
6968-453: The description Hamburg-Altonaer Stadt- und Vorortbahn [ de ] , the Prussian Eisenbahndirektion (railway division) of Altona opened with steam trains between Blankenese , Altona (Elbe) and Hamburg. The Stadt- und Vorortbahn (City and Suburban railway) included the Altona-Blankenese line ( Altona-Blankeneser Bahn , opened in 1867), the local tracks of the Hamburg-Altona link line ( Verbindungsbahn , opened in 1866) and
7072-430: The diversity of the kingdom. The fields are now part of the Theresienwiese and the celebrations developed into Munich's annual Oktoberfest . The Bavarian state proceeded to take control over the beer market, by regulating all taxes on beer in 1806 and 1811. Brewers and the beer taverns ( Wirtshäuser ) were taxed, and the state also controlled the quality of beer while limiting the competition among breweries. In 1831
7176-424: The engineers was the Jungfernstieg station, where the line intersects with the U-Bahn line U1 , which was built in the 1930s. Two platforms were completed in 1973 for the new U2 Diameter line ( Durchmesserstrecke ) of the Hamburg U-Bahn below the route of the City-S-Bahn line. Therefore, the infrastructure of the S-train station had to be built between the two levels of the U-Bahn tunnels. Despite these difficulties,
7280-431: The establishment of an additional stopping point near the existing U-Bahn station Ahrensburg West is planned. The platforms of the existing stations will be adjusted in height and length for S-Bahn operations; In Tonndorf , Ahrensburg , Kupfermühle and Bad Oldesloe the existing systems can be raised to the height of 96 cm customary in the S-Bahn network, in Rahlstedt , Gartenholz and Bargteheide this requires
7384-532: The expansion of the S-Bahn (subway) in 2012 discovered shards of vessels from the 11th century, which prove again that the settlement of Munich must be older than the Augsburg Arbitration of 1158. The old St. Peter's Church near Marienplatz is also believed to predate the founding date of the town. In 1175, Munich received city status and fortification. In 1180, after Henry the Lion's fall from grace with Emperor Frederick Barbarosa, including his trial and exile, Otto I Wittelsbach became Duke of Bavaria, and Munich
7488-478: The extension of electric services to Aumühle in 1969, the service between Bergedorf and Friedrichsruh was S6 (now RB 11 and RE 1). S3 was used for Regionalbahn services between Hauptbahnhof and Maschen and Neugraben (now RB 31 and RE 5) until the opening of the Harburg S-Bahn in 1983/1984. (Stations with names bold in the following table offer a turning option) Plans, currently shelved, would have
7592-463: The king abolished all ordinances that limited the number of apprentices and journeymen a brewery could employ. Munich's population had swelled and Munich brewers were now free to employ as many workers as they needed to meet the demand. In October 1810 a beer festival was held on the meadows just outside Munich to commemorate the wedding of the crown prince and princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen . The parades in regional dress ( Tracht ) represented
7696-528: The king's government introduced a cost-of-living allowance on beer for lower-ranking civil servants and soldiers. Soldiers stationed in Munich were granted a daily allowance for beer in the early 1840s. By the 1850s beer had become essential staple food for Munich's working and lower classes. Since the Middle Ages beer had been regarded as nutritious liquid bread ( fließendes Brot ) in Bavaria. But Munich suffered from poor water sanitation and as early as
7800-414: The motorised end carriages had third-class wooden seats. The DC S-Bahn was extended along the single-track suburban line from Blankenese to Sülldorf in 1950 and to Wedel in 1954. A section of the mainline railway between Hamburg and Berlin, which, due to the division of Germany, had very little traffic, between Haupbahnhof and Bergedorf was added to the network in 1959 by the addition of the third rail. This
7904-400: The new Ohlsdorf cemetery . A new main cemetery with good transit connections was necessary in part due to the extension of the central railway lines, which had reduced the area of the existing already strained cemeteries near the city's medieval fortifications. The line was electrified with overhead lines supplying 6,600 V alternating current at 25 Hz . The electricity came from
8008-461: The new line like those used on the extension to Stade. A third rail would be built as far as Ahrensburg, from where the trains would use the existing tracks with overhead lines. As of November 2019, those plans are already approved, with the construction of the line scheduled for 2020. The route will be removed from the existing network at the Hasselbrook S and regional train stop and along
8112-403: The north. In 1825 Ludwig I had ascended to the throne and commissioned leading architects such as Leo von Klenze to design a series of public museums in neoclassical style. The grand building projects of Ludwig I gave Munich the endearment "Isar-Athen" and "Monaco di Bavaria". Between 1856 and 1861 the court gardener Carl von Effner landscaped the banks of the river Isar and established
8216-526: The opportunity, building new houses, stalls, and sheds outside the city walls. After making an alliance with Napoleonic France, the city became the capital of the new Kingdom of Bavaria in 1806 with Elector Maximillian IV Joseph becoming its first king. The state parliament (the Landtag ) and the new archdiocese of Munich and Freising were also located in the city. The establishment of Bavarian state sovereignty profoundly affected Munich. Munich became
8320-477: The river Isar were located in current city areas of Munich and Landshut . The Duke of Saxony and Bavaria Henry the Lion founded the town of Munich in his territory to control the salt trade , after having burned down the town of Föhring and its bridges over the Isar. Historians date this event at about 1158. The layout of Munich city, with five city gates and market place, resembled that of Höxter . Henry built
8424-575: The same colour scheme as the type DT4 trains of the Hamburg U-Bahn (white, grey, red). This early experiment was quickly given up. In 2013, 60 trains are ordered from Bombardier for 327 million euros. The trains are being delivered since 2016. These trains were at first, and to a lesser extent still are, notorious for their sensitive doors, making them more prone to delays. Munich Munich ( / ˈ m juː n ɪ k / MEW -nik ; German : München [ˈmʏnçn̩] ; Bavarian : Minga [ˈmɪŋ(ː)ɐ] )
8528-498: The sections that have been or will be individually plan approval. No separate approval procedure is required for the fourth section, as no construction work is planned for it. In the Hamburg area, the four new stops Wandsbek Rathaus , Bovestraße , Holstenhofweg and Am Pulverhof are being built, the existing regional train station Wandsbek will be replaced by Wandsbek Rathaus and Bovestrasse replaced. In Schleswig-Holstein,
8632-480: The south of the Link line to open up the inner city—the City S-Bahn line. Construction, which was planned to take14 years, started on 14 October 1967. Building the line proved to be extremely difficult, since in addition to passing under the Inner Alster Lake, the line was almost completely in tunnel and does not always run under existing roads, instead cutting across some blocks. A particular challenge to
8736-557: The succession empowered the Palatinate branch within the House of Wittelsbach . In 1777 Bavarian lands were inherited by Karl Theodor . The new duke was disliked by the citizens of Munich for his supposedly enlightened ideas. In 1785 Karl Theodor invited Count Rumford Benjamin Thompson to take up residency in Munich and implement stringent social reforms. The poor were forced to live in newly built workhouses . The Bavarian army
8840-469: The tourist-oriented stations of Landungsbrücken and Reeperbahn . The tunnel begins directly after the Hauptbahnhof where its two tracks branch off the Hamburg-Altona link line and immediately dive under it. The ramp has a maximum gradient of 3.94%, since only a few hundred metres from the beginning of the tunnel it begins to run under the Inner Alster Lake to Jungfernstieg station , which
8944-738: The track shorting for the S3, the S5 is introduced and runs between Elbgaustraße and Stade vice versa via the Verbindungsbahn, without stop in Altona. The S6 is still being planned but is rumored to extend from Kaltenkirchen to Neugraben via the Citytunnel. [1] The S-Bahn uses three-car electrical multiple units ( EMU s), 447 vehicles of the following types: Single three-carriage trains are designated short trains . Units can be combined to form
9048-488: The trains run on a concrete viaduct and in a tunnel under the centre of Harburg . The line was extended in 1984 along the Niederelbebahn to Neugraben . The line to Bergedorf was placed on separate tracks due to increased traffic on the main line during the 1990s as a result of German reunification . For the same reason, S-Bahn service between Bergedorf and Aumühle was suspended in 1994. The section to Reinbek
9152-660: The war, Munich was the location of multiple forced labour camps, including two Polenlager camps for Polish youth, and 40 subcamps of the Dachau concentration camp , in which men and women of various nationalities were held. With up to 17,000 prisoners in 1945, the largest subcamp of Dachau was the Munich-Allach concentration camp . Munich was the base of the White Rose , a student resistance movement . The group had distributed leaflets in several cities and following
9256-400: The year 2002, and in principle dusted off the plans from the 1960s. According to the study, the extension involves upgrading the line to proper S-Bahn standards, served by EMUs and the addition of extra stations. The first step would be the improvement of the line as far as Ahrensburg, with a further intended step being the continuation to Bad Oldesloe . Dual-system trains would be necessary for
9360-417: Was appointed Bavarian prime minister and immediately planned for the expulsion of all Jews who did not hold German citizenship. Chief of Police Ernst Pöhner and Wilhelm Frick openly indulged in antisemitism, while Bavarian judges praised people on the political right as patriotic for their crimes and handed down mild sentences. In 1923, Adolf Hitler and his supporters, who were concentrated in Munich, staged
9464-610: Was appointed as professor of physics. In 1901 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. The Prince Regent Luitpold 's reign from 1886 to 1912 was marked by tremendous artistic and cultural activity in Munich. At the dawn of the 20th century Munich was an epicenter for the Jugendstil movement, combining a liberal magazine culture with progressive industrial design and architecture. The German art movement took its name from
9568-430: Was built. Subsequently the rest of the station building was demolished because the risk of its collapse due to the driving of the tunnel under it was considered to be unacceptable. The new station and the last remaining tunnel sections between Landungsbrücken and Altona became operational on 19 April 1979. During the construction of the tunnel it was decided to extend the S-Bahn to Harburg , requiring increased capacity at
9672-578: Was completed in 1981. Following the example of Munich 's Trunk line 2 , a second city tunnel is planned for Hamburg; linking the Hauptbahnhof with a new station in Altona-Nord at a cost of €3 billion. Intermediate stations would be located at Dammtor , Schlump and Doormannsweg. Hamburg S-Bahn [REDACTED] The Hamburg S-Bahn is a rapid transit railway system in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region . Together,
9776-543: Was completed in October 1939. On 8 November 1939, shortly after the Second World War had begun, Georg Elser planted a bomb in the Bürgerbräukeller in Munich in an attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler, who held a political party speech. Hitler, however, had left the building minutes before the bomb went off. By mid 1942 the majority of Jews living in Munich and the suburbs had been deported. During
9880-473: Was completely rebuilt following a meticulous plan, which preserved its pre-war street grid, bar a few exceptions owing to then-modern traffic concepts. In 1957, Munich's population surpassed one million. The city continued to play a highly significant role in the German economy, politics and culture, giving rise to its nickname Heimliche Hauptstadt ("secret capital") in the decades after World War II. In Munich,
9984-482: Was constructed, the City S-Bahn , which traverses the city centre in a tunnel. The first section was opened in 1975 between Hauptbahnhof and Landungsbrücken , the extension to Altona in 1979 and was completed in 1981 with the connection above ground to Diebsteich . 1983 saw the opening of the line via Wilhelmsburg to Harburg Rathaus , a long stretch of which runs along the existing mainline. Through Hammerbrook
10088-548: Was declared their "Capital of the Movement". The city was heavily bombed during World War II , but has restored most of its old town and boasts nearly 30.000 buildings from before the war all over the city. Following the war, there was a great increase in population and economic power during the years of Wirtschaftswunder . The city hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics . Today, Munich is a global centre of science, technology, finance, innovation , business, and tourism. Munich enjoys
10192-574: Was formed in 1997. The S-Bahn is represented in German cities with a logo consisting of a white "S" in a green circle. In Hamburg the same logo with a red background was used for a few years before November 2007. The company currently employs approximately 1200 personnel in the driving, maintenance, train departure and resource management divisions. Another 300 employees are responsible for security and cleaning, through subsidiaries. The network covers about 147 kilometres (91 mi), and serves 68 stations. It consists of two trunk routes crossing
10296-526: Was founded in 1918, with Camillo Castiglioni owning one third of the share capital. In 1922 BMW relocated its headquarters to a factory in Munich. After World War I, the city was at the centre of substantial political unrest. In November 1918, on the eve of the German revolution, Ludwig III of Bavaria and his family fled the city. After the murder of the first republican premier of Bavaria Kurt Eisner in February 1919 by Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley ,
10400-560: Was handed to the Bishop of Freising . In 1240, Munich was transferred to Otto II Wittelsbach and in 1255, when the Duchy of Bavaria was split in two, Munich became the ducal residence of Upper Bavaria . Duke Louis IV , a native of Munich, was elected German king in 1314 and crowned as Holy Roman Emperor in 1328. He strengthened the city's position by granting it the salt monopoly, thus assuring it of additional income. On 13 February 1327,
10504-405: Was reopened in 1997; completion to Aumühle was delayed until 2002 due to court challenges from local residents. In 1999, Allermöhe station (between Mittlerer Landweg and Nettelnburg) opened in the new housing development of Neuallermöhe-West . Since December 2007, the S3 has served stations between Neugraben and Stade. The groundbreaking for a 3.3 km (2.1 mi) long line from Ohlsdorf to
10608-403: Was restructured, with common soldiers receiving better food and reassurances that they would be treated humanely by officers. Munich was the largest German city to lose fortification in the 1790s. In 1791 Karl Theodor and Count Rumford started to demolish Munich's fortifications. After 1793 Munich's citizens, including house servants, carpenters, butchers, merchants, and court officials, seized
10712-559: Was settled in favor of Duke Henry. The Augsburg Arbitration mentions the name of the location in dispute as forum apud Munichen . Although Bishop Otto had lost his bridge, the arbiters ordered Duke Henry to pay a third of his income to the Bishop in Freising as compensation. The 14th June 1158 is considered the official founding day of the city of Munich. Archaeological excavations at Marienhof Square (near Marienplatz ) in advance of
10816-482: Was the first section where S-Bahn and mainline trains (the number of the latter remained small until 1990) shared tracks. It was the second S-Bahn line, from Bergedorf via Berliner Tor to Altona . In 1962 a connecting curve was constructed from the Verbindungsbahn at Holstenstraße to the Altona-Kaltenkirchen railway, whose terminus was relocated to Langenfelde . The S-Bahn was extended in 1965 along
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