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67-405: In 1990, the population was recorded at 6,190. By the 2010 census, it had dropped to 4,762 inhabitants. It has an agricultural economy centered on cotton, sugar cane, corn, and livestock. The town was founded on March 6, 1753. The land was originally owned by Felix de Almandoz. Land later passed on to General Prudencio Basterra who married Felix's sister Ana Maria. 19 Families from Camargo formed

134-404: A Scottish-born captain named Ewen Cameron. Along the way, Cameron led most of the prisoners in an escape attempt. The Texans tried to make a run back for the border, but they hadn't bargained on the harsh and dry conditions in the mountains. All but three were recaptured and returned to the town of Salado , Tamaulipas . When he heard about the break-out, Antonio López de Santa Anna ordered that

201-422: A brother joined the insurgents. He served directly under his father at first and after two years was able to be in charge of a body of troops that passed to the province of Veracruz and took control of Coscomatepec . After a victory at Palma, he had to experience the defeat, imprisonment, and death of his father. Bravo later gained a reputation for clemency after releasing three hundred royalist prisoners. Bravo

268-541: A decree signed by Bocanegra, Velez, Gorostiza, and Tornel dissolving congress and decreeing that they be replaced by a Junta of Notables. In the early dawn hours of that day there had been skirmishes in the Ciudadela and throughout the morning the Celaya Battalion had remained stationed in the corridor contiguous to the hall where congress met in order to prevent the deputies from entering. Most of them met at

335-523: A higher site. An irrigation canal which had been built at the original location, because of their not having trimmed the opening to the canal with stone and mortar, was destroyed by the flood . Following Texan independence and the commencement of the Mexican–American War , Camargo was occupied by the US army under the command of General Zachary Taylor on 14 July 1846. This river port served as

402-451: A jar (while blindfolded) containing 159 white beans and 17 black beans. At dusk that day, those unlucky enough to draw a black bean were shot to death, in two groups. Cameron had drawn a white bean, which should have saved his life. However, he had earned the hostility of Mexican Colonel Antonio Canales Rosillo , for his role in the embarrassing defeat in his battle (July 1842 at Fort Lipantitlán, near Corpus Christi, Texas ), and for leading

469-479: A jumping off point for the invasion on Monterrey and Saltillo . The US Army was transported via steamboats from the mouth of the river area and Matamoros. Disease plagued the troops and it is said that thousand of US soldiers were buried here in unmarked graves. On January 22, 2021, nineteen burned bodies were found in Camargo Municipality , likely victims of drug violence. As of February 3, two of

536-536: A need to risk all for greater gain. The town had already been laid out on the eastern bank of the San Juan River , not far from the Rio Grande , and temporary shelters made, jacales (straw huts). Father Fray Hierro, who had joined Escandon at Padilla and was a missionary from the college of Zacatecas, kept a diary which provides many interesting details concerning the establishment of the first settlements of

603-477: A new constituent congress meant to write a new constitution. The subsequent congress which was installed on 10 June 1842, was strongly federalist, against the wishes of the organizers of the Bases of Tacubaya who were strongly centralist. Santa Anna began to scheme to dissolve the congress, and left Bravo in charge of the presidency on 26 October 1842. Bravo was not in accord with Santa Anna's schemes for while he too

670-762: A new constitution known as the Bases Orgánicas . During the Mexican–American War he commanded the Mexican forces at the Battle of Chapultepec . Bravo was born on 10 September 1786, in Chilpancingo , to a wealthy family. His parents were Leonardo Bravo and Gertrudis Rueda de Bravo  [ es ] . After the Mexican War of Independence broke out in September, 1810, he along with his father, and

737-465: A passionate supporter of the movement, and who had to pawn some jewels in order to gather all the required funds. Iturbide was alerted of Bravo and Guerrero's whereabouts through the mayor of Mexicaltzingo , and promptly set a lieutenant colonel after them, but Bravo was able to evade capture by simply bribing him. Brigadier José Gabriel de Armijo , commander of the South, however now went after them and

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804-533: A place called the Junta de los Rios. From there he headed towards Oaxaca . Bravo was in the process of arranging a governing junta when he learned of the Plan of Casa Mata . With the troops that he was able to gather at Oaxaca, he headed out and entered the capital with the rest of the insurgent army. Emperor Iturbide restored congress and offered his abdication. When congress decreed that Iturbide be moved to Tulancingo ,

871-430: A pronunciamiento in the obscure town of Huejotzingo, calling for the dissolution of congress, and demanding the installation of a council of notables to work on the new constitution. Minister Tornel was among the conspirators promoting the revolution. In spite of his earlier reluctance to go against congress and reassurance towards them, at the decisive hour, Bravo sided with the insurrectionists and on 19 December, he signed

938-535: A revolution that would eventually result in a new constitution, and the inauguration of the Centralist Republic of Mexico. In 1836, shortly after Mexico lost Texas, Bravo was in charge of the army of the north, but he retired, disgusted by the events, to Chilpancingo. Anastasio Bustamante had meanwhile returned to the presidency and in 1839, Bravo was invited to be a part of his council of state, resulting that when Bustamante temporarily stepped down from

1005-524: A skirmish ensued in the vicinity of Almolonga , where they were then defeated. Guerrero was shot through the lungs and his men fled the scene in panic, in spite of Bravo's efforts to stop them, believing Guerrero to be dead. Bravo fled to the Santa Rosa ranch, and from here he sought to reorganize at the Mixteca region where he intended to join up at Huajuapam with Antonio Leon. He fortified himself at

1072-469: A sword of honor, considering that the victory was a decisive defeat against the ongoing operations of Guerrero. Anastasio Bustamante's conservative government fell during through an insurrection known as the Plan of Veracruz in 1832, but Bravo was reluctant to recognize the rebels, but Santa Anna, who had played a key role in the Plan of Veracruz, eventually won him over. In 1834, the nation would experience

1139-561: The Dawson Massacre ), at which site has been established a monument. One historic event from Mier occurred in 1956 involving Fidel Castro . At that time Ciudad Mier had near 4,000 inhabitants. Its isolation and close proximity with the U.S. border led to it becoming a mecca for smugglers. Fidel Castro had learned of the fashion in which any merchandise could be crossed illegally by the Rio Grande into Mier. At that time Castro

1206-599: The First Mexican Empire . As Iturbide became more autocratic, and Santa Anna proclaimed the Plan of Veracruz , against him in 1823, Bravo once again decided to fight against the government. He left Mexico City on 5 January 1823, being joined by Vicente Guerrero , and they planned to raise a revolution in the south of the country, carrying with them a copy of the Plan of Vera Cruz which had been sent to them by Santa Anna. He received money for his campaign from María Petra Teruel de Velasco, wife of Antonio Velasco

1273-644: The Mexican state of Tamaulipas . It is located on the US border , across from Rio Grande City, Texas . It has an official population of 14,933 inhabitants (2010 census). The municipal seat is Ciudad Camargo, with a population of 7,984. The municipality is connected to Rio Grande City, Texas , via the Rio Grande City-Camargo International Bridge . The first settlement to be founded on the Lower Río Grande

1340-516: The Mexican War of Independence , and served as Mexico's first Vice President under President Guadalupe Victoria from 1824 until 1827, when he attempted to overthrow Victoria. He was also the fourth vice president under President Mariano Paredes in 1846, and served in the Mexican–American War . He first distinguished himself during the Mexican War of Independence . He was Mexico's first Vice President though while holding this office Bravo would try to overthrow President Guadalupe Victoria through

1407-509: The " Black Bean Episode ." Santa Anna promised the foreign ministers that he would show mercy, and then modified his decree to order the decimation of the Mier prisoners; in other words, the execution of every tenth man. At El Rancho Salado , which was presumably in the state of Coahuila , on March 25, 1843 – three months after the Battle of Mier – the prisoners were forced to draw a bean from

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1474-544: The American, decreed that in a presidential election the winner becomes president while second place became vice president. In the elections of 1824, Bravo was elected to be the nation's first vice-president and the Independence War hero, Guadalupe Victoria was elected president, but the two men belonged to opposite parties, with the latter being a Yorkino and the former being an Escoses . On 23 December 1827,

1541-573: The Chapultepec with two thousand troops, with Monterde, director of the fortifications there, as his second-in-command. The place began to be bombarded on 12 September, and an assault followed the next day, which ultimately ended in a Mexican defeat, and Bravo was taken prisoner. During the Battle of Chapultepec, Bravo had asked for reinforcements and only the Battalion of San Blas commanded by Xicotencatl could help. Bravo's reputation suffered in

1608-532: The Escoceses, led by Vice President Bravo, proclaimed the Plan de Montaño  [ es ] , demanding the expulsion of the American ambassador Joel Poinsett , the end to secret societies, and the dismissal of the current cabinet, the latter measure due to the belief that the Yorkino dominated government was about to take decisive measures to suppress the Escoceses. The insurrection was short-lived and Bravo

1675-617: The Iturbidist General Luis de Quintanar . During the newly established First Mexican Republic , Bravo allied himself with the Centralist party , preferring a strong unitary government for the country, and to which were also allied various conservative interests ranging from the remaining Spaniards in the country, to the upper classes, to the clergy. Politics in Mexico at this time was associated with Masonic lodges, and

1742-428: The Junta of Notables would call itself the national legislature, and the eighty individuals who were to make it up were finally named. The Junta opened its sessions on 6 January 1843, and General Valencia and Quintana Roo were elected president and vice president of the congress respectively. The Departmental Juntas which had not supporter the Bases of Tacubaya were dissolved. During this time President Bravo established

1809-475: The Lower Rio Grande Valley . Fourteen settlements were established in a six months period. The settlers of this town were, as is evident from the captain's registry, generally Spaniards; they came in with some major and minor livestock: goats, sheep and mules. A great flood in the year 1751 did some damage to the settlement, for which reason it was moved a little farther down the river to

1876-529: The Mexican troops to an almost unbelievable degree, inflicting an astounding 800 casualties. As far as the Mexicans were concerned, the Texans were privateers on an unauthorized raid and entitled to no consideration as military prisoners of war. They were sentenced to death and then taken on a forced march to Mexico City . Fisher was separated from the group, but the men selected a leader from among themselves,

1943-542: The Plan of Montaño in 1827. His revolt failed and in part due to the services Bravo had provided the nation during the War of Independence, he was allowed to live, but nonetheless exiled. Bravo would return to the country and later go on to serve as interim president of Mexico three separate times in 1839, 1842, and 1846. During his second presidency he oversaw the transition of the Centralist Republic of Mexico to

2010-485: The Supreme Moderating Power, a governing council that according to the constitution was above even the president, to declare that it was the will of the nation to reform the constitution, at the direction of the national representatives, without waiting for a more suitable time. This first presidency would ultimately last only nine days and yet Bravo treated his duties with energy and dedication. When

2077-599: The United States then passed them over the Rio Grande in boats. When they disembarked the weapons were then unloaded at the Los Guajes Ranch, owned by Jesus 'El Gavilan' Ramírez. Family and acquaintances of these men relate that after hiding the weapons, the group was directed to travel to the Cantina de la Loma del Peligro bar, many miles down the highway leading from Mier to Ciudad Guerrero. There they met

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2144-452: The aftermath of the loss, for in the official report by Santa Anna he assured that Bravo had been taken prisoner after hiding in a waterlogged trench, submerged up to the neck, after which he was recognized by his white hair. After the war Bravo attempted to defend his reputation. He retired to Chilpancingo where he lived in obscurity until he died in April 1854. He had coincidentally died on

2211-527: The bloody turf war between the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas after the death of Antonio Cárdenas Guillén , the drug boss of the Gulf organization. The fight between the drug cartels resulted in the death or kidnapping of all the police forces in the municipality of Ciudad Mier. Approximately 95% of the population left Ciudad Mier and went to Miguel Alemán, Tamaulipas , as a result of the violence generated by

2278-457: The buyer of the merchandise. In the bar it was agreed that the weapons would continue south, leaving Mier to Aldamas. From there they would travel to Veracruz where they would be loaded into a yacht named Granma . Castro later confirmed that the weapons leading to the Cuban revolution indeed passed through Mier with the help of Mexican smugglers. Ciudad Mier was largely abandoned in 2010 due to

2345-520: The capital in January 1830 and replaced by the conservative Anastasio Bustamante. Guerrero however remained at large and continued to wage warfare against the government in the south of the country when Bravo occupied the port and fortress of Acapulco, to remove an important source of wealth from Guerrero and his supporters, but Bravo was dislodged from the city. Bravo however was later victorious at Chilpancingo in January 1831, for which congress granted him

2412-529: The capital. The former president Paredes fled the city on that same night, intending to go off to the front to lead some troops he had dispatched, but he was arrested and sent back by General Avalos. At a conference held by the belligerents, including Vizcaino Lemus, and Jose Ramon Pacheco, Martin Carrera, Jose Urrea, and Ramon Moralies, on 6 August it was agreed that Bravo should step down. Power would pass over to General Salas. Bravo continued to participate in

2479-734: The command of General Ráfael Vásquez , to occupy San Antonio in early March 1842. The "war hawks" in the Texas Congress forced President Sam Houston to act. The President ordered General Alexander Somervell to command the assembling volunteers at San Antonio. Men of all kinds came pouring into town, some shoeless, most horseless, some seeking adventure, and others of the criminal sort, wishing only to sack Mexican towns and villages. As Houston had hoped, Somervell acted indecisively. Soon, considerable looting of Tejano stores in San Antonio, coupled with out-and-out insubordination, broke up

2546-399: The congress. While Bravo himself was against the dissolution of congress made it so that the Junta of Notables would be composed of individuals known for their knowledge and patriotism. The Junta was to last six months, during which the Bases of Tacubaya would reign as a provisional constitution. The council of government would continue to function. Another decree on 23 December declared that

2613-442: The conservative Mariano Paredes overthrew the government of Herrera in late 1845, claiming that the president was committing treason by attempting to recognize the independence of Texas. Paredes was elected president by a junta on 3 January, and Bravo was elected vice-president. Bravo was awarded by making him commandant general and governor of the department of Mexico, when the Mexican–American War had already begun in April 1846. He

2680-696: The conservatives met within lodges of the Scottish Rite, consequently being known as the Escoceses and in which Bravo acquired a position of leadership. The Escoceses were opposed by the federalists, who preferred the country to be governed by a federal system, and with which were associated various liberal causes. They too met within Masonic lodges but were rather followers of the York Rite, and so were known as Yorkinos . Mexico's constitution, following

2747-501: The criminal Yanez, condemned to death by hanging for highway robbery, slit his own throat to avoid the hangman, friends of the family pleaded that the body not be displayed in public, but Bravo decreed that the body be displayed on the gallows anyway to serve as a warning. Bravo would next become president in 1842 during which the Centralist Republic of Mexico experienced a constitutional change. In response to multiple national crises, on 8 August 1841, Mariano Paredes had proclaimed against

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2814-590: The deceased were identified as Mexicans and two as Guatemalans, and twelve police officers were arrested. Sixteen of the bodies were identified as Guatemalan migrants and were returned to their country of origin in February 2021 . The largest localities (cities, towns, and villages) are: Nicol%C3%A1s Bravo Nicolás Bravo Rueda (10 September 1786 – 22 April 1854) was a Mexican soldier and politician who served as interim President of Mexico three times, in 1839, 1842, and 1846. Previously, he fought in

2881-477: The drug cartels in the Mexican Drug War . Consequently, the president of Mexico, Felipe Calderón , ordered the creation of a military headquarters in the area, and now more than 600 military elements patrol the streets of Mier. 26°25′50″N 99°08′55″W  /  26.43056°N 99.14861°W  / 26.43056; -99.14861 Camargo, Tamaulipas Camargo is a municipality in

2948-406: The escape attempt. Canales intervened with Santa Anna, and he agreed. Cameron was shot by a firing squad at Perote Prison on April 26, 1843. The remaining prisoners were put to work on a road gang. In September 1843, most of them were confined at the notorious Perote Prison in the state of Veracruz , while a few were separated from the group and scattered into other prisons around Mexico . Over

3015-597: The former emperor chose that Bravo escort him and his family, although it later seemed Iturbide lost his trust in Bravo as he asked his guards to keep a watch over him. After Iturbide was deposed, Bravo was made a member of the Supreme Executive Power , the triumvirate now serving as the executive. During this period he continued to pacify the country and carried out a victorious campaign in Jalisco against

3082-512: The government of Anastasio Bustamante, and when his insurgent troops reached the city of Tacubaya they were joined by Santa Anna. After failing to put down the insurgency, Bustamante officially surrendered power through the Estanzuela Accords on 6 October 1841. A military junta was formed which wrote the Bases of Tacubaya, a plan which swept away the entire structure of government, except the judiciary, and also called for elections for

3149-459: The home of the president of the congress Francisco Elorriaga and they directed a memo to President Bravo, asking him if they could continue their sessions, and the reply explained that "every garrison has pronounced against congress except myself and the commandant general of Mexico State." Most deputies then agreed to publish a manifesto explaining that the executive which had long been interfering with their labors had now used armed forces to dissolve

3216-879: The interior of Mexico between Querétaro and the Gulf coast, José de Escandón arrived at Camargo on March 3, 1749. At the location called, "Paso del Azucar" on the Rio Grande , about two leagues southeast of the present site of Camargo, he met Captain Blas Maria de la Garza Falcón who already had been encamped there with forty other families and some soldiers. In the group led by Captain Blas Maria de la Garza Falcon were Miguel de la Garza Falcon, his brother, and Nicolas de los Santos Coy, father-in-law of Captain Falcon and ex- alcalde of nearby Cerralvo Municipality in Nuevo León . These settlers were men of wealth who felt

3283-477: The journey he lost his only child. His banishment was shortened due to an amnesty granted by President Vicente Guerrero, and Bravo returned to Mexico in 1829. He continued to be a supporter of the Conservative Party and when and joined the Plan of Jalapa against President Guerrero that same year. After personally going out to lead his troops against the insurrection, President Guerrero was deposed at

3350-473: The medical-military Health Corp, and also established a mint in Culicacan. He also recruited four hundred forty men into the military and declared that official stationery must only use paper manufactured in Mexico. Bravo and Santa Anna became suspicious of Mariano Paredes who had played such a key role in establishing the Bases of Tacubaya, but who now began to express dissatisfaction with the government. He

3417-594: The men crossed the Rio Grande and entered the Ciudad Mier, where they met no resistance. They demanded supplies from the town, which the town's alcalde promised to deliver. The troops withdrew and waited. In the meantime, a large detachment of Mexican troops arrived in the town. On December 25, the two sides engaged in a bloody battle that lasted almost 24 hours. The Texans sustained thirty casualties and ran out of food, water, and ammunition. More than 200 Texans surrendered to Mexican forces, unaware that they had mauled

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3484-490: The new settlement. The town is called Mier because the governor of Nuevo León from 1710 to 1714, Francisco Mier y Torre, used to spend the night there on his way to Texas. It began to be called Estancia de Mier and then simply Mier. This is where the steamboats used to stop when they came up the Río Bravo . On his return to power, General Santa Anna sent a force of seven hundred men, mostly mounted Mexican troops under

3551-627: The next few months, some managed to escape, while others died of wounds, disease, and starvation. Diplomats from the United States and Great Britain worked for the release of the Mier prisoners. They were eventually paroled in piecemeal fashion, with the last prisoner going home in September 1844. In 1847, during the Mexican–American War , the remains of the men executed in the Black Bean Episode were retrieved from Mexico and interred near La Grange, Texas , (with those who died in

3618-512: The presidency to lead the troops against the rebellion of Jose Urrea, Bravo on 10 July 1839, was named by congress the interim president of the Republic. There was much dissatisfaction with the state of the country at this time, and a great public clamor for constitutional reform, which included many generals and commanders. President Bravo wished for such concerns to be addressed through legal channels, and he directed his council of state to urge

3685-526: The recaptured prisoners, some 176 men, be put to death immediately. The Governor of Coahuila , Francisco Mexía, refused to carry out the order and pleaded with foreign ministers in Mexico City to persuade the president to change his mind. (Santa Anna was out of office from 26 October 1842 to 4 March 1843, with Nicolás Bravo serving in the Presidential capacity.) What happened next became known as

3752-403: The troops would have left him. The army was slowly breaking up as a result of the disorder and looting, after Laredo was captured. The 500 who remained followed Somervell south to Guerrero , where pillaging occurred. Here a mutiny erupted in which 189 men followed William S. Fisher , Ewen Cameron , and Thomas Green into the Mexican town of Mier. On December 23, 1842, Fisher and most of

3819-666: The volunteers before they could march on Mexico and start a major war. Relations between Texas and Mexico worsened, especially after the Mexican general Adrián Woll and fourteen hundred troops again captured San Antonio in September. Houston once again summoned Somervell to organize and lead the volunteers but hoped that the Texas general would remain north of the Nueces River . But as the army grew to 750 men, even Somervell realized that he would have to act . His volunteers had taken on an identity of their own; had he refused to march,

3886-462: The war effort, and was named commandant general of the Department of Puebla, but he retreated from that city when orders arrived to fall back on the capital. He took part in the efforts to defend the capital and he was assigned to the southern boundary of the city, which had previously belonged to General Andrade. After the defeats of Molino del Rey and Casa Mata he was placed in charge of defending

3953-409: Was a centralist, he did not wish to overturn the results of the election which had led to the strongly federal congress. Tornel the minister of war was the real power at the capital at this time, being the favorite of Santa Anna. President Bravo assured a commission sent by congress, that he would accept the new constitution, and congress continued working on its draft, when its work was interrupted by

4020-526: Was being carried out by individuals who had published no political manifesto, and were simply looting properties. Meanwhile, a revolution had begun against the government of Santa Anna and Valentin Canalizo, and eventually Jose Joaquin Herrera ascended to the presidency on 6 December 1844. Bravo was named head of the national armies, and went after the deposed Santa Anna. Bravo joined in the revolution, when

4087-439: Was captured in 1817 in the south of the country and transported to the capital where he remained imprisoned for three years, until he was amnestied by the liberal Spanish government of 1820. He joined Agustín de Iturbide 's Plan of Iguala in 1821, and Iturbide named him colonel. The Constituent Congress made him a named him to the council of state and a member of the regency, which governed until Iturbide took over as Emperor of

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4154-570: Was defeated at Tulancingo by his former ally Vicente Guerrero . Bravo was tried before a grand jury, and the case went to the Supreme Court. Although the law prescribed a severe punishment for his treason, his services during the Mexican War of Independence won him sympathy from his old colleagues who asked for clemency, and even President Guadalupe Victoria preferred leniency, so the court simply condemned him to banishment for two years. He departed from Acapulco to South America and on

4221-500: Was invited to join the Junta and then made commandant general of Mexico State, and later arrested for speaking against the government, but eventually acquitted. Bravo would eventually resign on 5 May, after growing tired of playing the role of Santa Anna's puppet. Bravo retired temporarily from politics until the end of 1844, when he was called by the government to help suppress an uprising that had flared up in Chilapa. The insurrection

4288-413: Was named general and chief of the forces destined for the departments of Puebla, Oaxaca, Veracruz, and Tabasco, and he published a proclamation calling for the unity of all parties. Amidst increasing opposition to his policies, and the conduct of the war which had been so far a grievous set of defeats for Mexico, Mariano Paredes stepped down and passed the presidency over to Bravo on 28 July 1846. Bravo

4355-510: Was preparing for a revolution in Cuba and was meeting with leaders in Mexico City . Castro needed weapons and went to Mier to obtain them. Mier town historian Antonio Guerra said only the best smugglers received the assignment. The operation was assigned to Juan 'El Chapiado' González, from Mier, and Santiago 'El Chago' Guerra, from Agualeguas ( Nuevo León ). These men acquired the weapons in

4422-418: Was summoned to the capital from the department of Veracruz where he was in the middle of fortifying the city against a potential assault, and replaced with General Mosso. Four days after he assumed the presidency, on 3 August, the garrison of Vera Cruz and San Juan de Ulua revolted, proclaiming the plan of Guadalajara, and early on the morning of 4 August, General Salas with more than a thousand troops revolted in

4489-585: Was that of Nuestra Señora de Santa Ana de Camargo. It was founded on March 5, 1749, with the dedication to Señora Santa Ana by captain Don Blas María de la Garza Falcón at the eastern edge of the San Juan River near its confluence with the Río Grande. The foundation had 85 families – a total of 531 persons. Most of the settlers for this township came from Cerralvo , Cadereyta , Monterrey and surrounding townships. After establishing other towns in

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