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112-539: According to the San Francisco Recreation & Parks Department , the size of Civic Center Plaza ranges from 4.53 to 5.38 acres (1.83 to 2.18 ha). Civic Center Plaza is approximately symmetrical from north to south (across an imaginary east–west line drawn along the former route of Fulton Street). Through the center of the plaza, two aisles of London plane trees flank an east–west pathway leading to City Hall, with formal plantings north and south of

224-592: A city architect, called for twin fountains along the north–south centerline of the plaza. The plaza has had a history as a congregation spot for homeless people, driven in part by its proximity to the Tenderloin District . A tent city in Civic Center Plaza had existed for years prior to 1989. Art Agnos campaigned on a promise to treat the homeless more humanely and won the campaign for Mayor of San Francisco in 1987. After he assumed office,

336-585: A compromise, in July of that year, Agnos ordered police to remove tents and makeshift shelters but not the homeless residents. Following the October 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake , some residents of San Francisco were forced to camp outdoors while buildings were inspected; more destitute citizens were forced out of their subsidized single room occupancy hotels and many made their way to Camp Agnos. Agnos again ordered encampments removed in July 1990, but refused to move

448-646: A cost of $ 10 million, funded by a grant from the Helen Diller Family Foundation (administered by The Trust for Public Land ), and reopened in February 2018, when they were renamed the Helen Diller Civic Center Playgrounds. The remodeled Helen Diller Playgrounds were designed by Andrea Cochran Landscape Architecture and used concepts that drew inspiration from local weather phenomena, including Karl

560-459: A crack down the front of the building. Many homes were dislodged if they were not bolted to their foundations. There were structural failures of twin bridges across Struve Slough near Watsonville. In Moss Landing, the liquefaction destroyed the causeway that carried the Moss Beach access road across a tidewater basin, damaged the approach and abutment of the bridge linking Moss Landing spit to

672-566: A crucial link to rescue workers. Widespread search operations were organized to find possible victims inside the remains of fallen structures. As many as six teams of dogs and their handlers were at work identifying the large number of damaged buildings that held no victims. The quake claimed one life in Watsonville : a driver who collided with panicked horses after they escaped their collapsed corral. In other Santa Cruz and Monterey county locations such as Boulder Creek and Moss Landing ,

784-399: A large influx of homeless people started to move into Civic Center Plaza during the summer of 1989, prompting some to dub the new tent city Camp Agnos . The preceding mayor, Dianne Feinstein , had periodically ordered people to be removed from the plaza; in contrast, Agnos's campaign pledge exposed him to criticism after the homeless were described to be aggressively panhandling visitors. As

896-647: A large public park established the Park Commission to oversee the development of Golden Gate Park . As San Francisco grew over of the years, parks and facilities were added all over the city. Separately the city was running playgrounds, athletic fields, and recreational facilities under the direction of the Recreation Commission. In 1950 the two commissions were merged and the San Francisco Recreation & Park Department

1008-476: A large slide and one person was killed by a rockfall along the coast. Other areas with certain soil conditions were susceptible to site amplification due to the effects of liquefaction , especially near the shore of San Francisco Bay (where its effects were severe in the Marina District ) and to the west of the epicenter near rivers and other bodies of water. Minor lateral spreading was also seen along

1120-476: A number of structures were damaged, with some knocked off of their foundations. Many residents slept outside their homes out of concern for further damage from aftershocks, of which there were 51 with magnitudes greater than 3.0 in the following 24 hours, and 16 more the second day. The earthquake damaged several historic buildings in the Old Town district of Salinas , and some were later demolished. Damage to

1232-545: A public announcement (PA) speaker and air horn installed on their city vehicles to communicate with the public on San Francisco Recreation and Parks Department properties. Any siren use is unauthorized and unlawful.   Park Ranger https://www.jobapscloud.com/SF/specs/classspecdisplay.asp?ClassNumber=8208&R1=&R3= 37°46′20″N 122°27′17″W  /  37.772224°N 122.454751°W  / 37.772224; -122.454751 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake On October 17, 1989, at 5:04 p.m. local time,

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1344-668: A section of the double-deck Nimitz Freeway in Oakland was the site of the largest number of casualties for the event, but the collapse of human-made structures and other related accidents contributed to casualties occurring in San Francisco, Los Gatos , and Santa Cruz. The history of earthquake investigations in California has been largely focused on the San Andreas Fault system because of its strong influence in

1456-453: A substantial increase in noise was measured in the frequency range 0.01–10 Hz. The measurement instrument was a single-axis search-coil magnetometer that was being used for low frequency research. Precursor increases of noise apparently started a few days before the earthquake, with noise in the range 0.01–0.5 Hz rising to exceptionally high levels about three hours before the earthquake. The Fraser-Smith et al. report remains one of

1568-552: Is a 210-foot (64 m) tower in the Telegraph Hill neighborhood. The tower, in the city's Pioneer Park , was built in 1933 using Lillie Hitchcock Coit 's bequest to beautify the city of San Francisco. The tower was proposed in 1931 as an appropriate use of Coit's gift. The Zoo is owned by the Recreation & Parks Department and managed by its partner, non-profit San Francisco Zoological Society. Candlestick Park

1680-525: Is federal and is administered by the National Park Service . Golden Gate Park is San Francisco's premier municipal park. Planted in 1871, the park covers 1,017 acres (412 ha) of land across the western edge of San Francisco. Configured as a rectangle, the park is over three miles long east to west and about half a mile north to south. McLaren Park is the second largest municipal park in San Francisco. Located in south-east San Francisco,

1792-481: Is located adjacent to the San Andreas Fault. Since many forecasts had been presented for the region near Loma Prieta, seismologists were not taken by surprise by the October 1989 event. Between 1910 and 1989 there were 20 widely varying forecasts that were announced, with some that were highly specific, covering multiple aspects of an event, while others were less complete and vague. With a M6.5 event on

1904-494: Is not seen in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Three scenarios were presented that might explain this disparity. The first is that the geometry of the San Andreas Fault goes through a transition every several thousand years. Secondly, slip type could vary from event to event. And lastly, the 1989 event did not occur on the San Andreas Fault. While the effects of a four-year drought limited the potential of landslides ,

2016-851: Is very rare. When encountering criminal activity, SF Park Rangers will observe and report the incident to SFPD Dispatch. SF Park Rangers making arrests for misdemeanor or felony offenses do so only as private citizens at their own risk and must immediately report the arrest to SFPD Dispatch and turn the arrested person over to SFPD officers on the scene. San Francisco (SF) Park Rangers are unarmed (do not carry any firearms), but do carry limited self-defense equipment, including batons, pepper sprays, and handcuffs. SF Park Rangers wear body-worn camera systems. For patrol on site and transport to different San Francisco Recreation and Parks Department sites, SF Park Rangers operate marked park ranger non-emergency vehicles installed with only amber (yellow) warning lights and white spotlights. At times, SF Park Rangers utilize

2128-678: The City and County of San Francisco . These include neighborhood parks, playgrounds, recreation centers, playing fields, natural areas, tennis courts, golf courses, park stadiums and administrative park offices. The San Francisco Park Rangers were founded by William Hammond Hall, San Francisco's first Superintendent of Parks, who established what was known as the Park Guard in 1874. San Francisco Parks has had its own special patrol unit since. Under immediate supervision, San Francisco (SF) Park Rangers provide security patrol services in assigned areas of

2240-850: The Loma Prieta earthquake occurred at the Central Coast of California. The shock was centered in The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park in Santa Cruz County , approximately 10 mi (16 km) northeast of Santa Cruz on a section of the San Andreas Fault System and was named for the nearby Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains . With an M w magnitude of 6.9 and a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of IX ( Violent ),

2352-650: The Marina Green . Also located in the marina is the St. Francis Yacht Club and Golden Gate Yacht Club . The Palace of Fine Arts in the Marina District is a monumental structure originally constructed for the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition in order to exhibit works of art presented there. One of only a few surviving structures from the Exposition, it is the only one still situated on its original site. It

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2464-548: The Salinas River rail bridge and subsequent repairs led to reduced traffic on the Monterey Branch Line , which contributed to the discontinuance of freight rail services in western Monterey County. The San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge suffered severe damage, as a 76-by-50-foot (23 m × 15 m) section of the upper deck on the eastern cantilever side fell onto the deck below. The quake caused

2576-600: The San Francisco 49ers and the Oakland Raiders . The adjacent Kezar Pavilion is an indoor arena built in 1924 and seats 4,000. Boxer Stadium is a 3,500 seat soccer-specific stadium built in 1953 within Balboa Park . The primary tenant is the amateur men's San Francisco Soccer Football League . The Marina Harbor is a public 671 slip small-craft yacht harbor located in the Marina District across from

2688-719: The San Francisco Police Department ( SFPD ) Dispatch for assistance in dealing with persons who are non-compliant with the park ranger's requests, individuals with mental health conditions, and incidents outside the course and scope of the SF Park Rangers' training, duties, and authority. SF Park Rangers must deescalate incidents and must not engage in any pursuits and confrontations. SF Park Rangers are not peace officers, therefore are not authorized to initiate any traffic enforcement stops, and may not pull over any vehicle for any violation regardless of

2800-530: The San Francisco Recreation and Parks Department Dispatch, including scene-safe urgent situations, alarm response, non-police calls, non-criminal calls, park code violation complaints, and park use permit disputes. However, SF Park Rangers do not respond to crime in-progress calls, person with any weapon calls, suspicious vehicle calls, safety risk calls, and other calls requiring initial law enforcement presence and clearance. SF Park Rangers may also be tasked with crime prevention, public safety assistance, maintaining

2912-510: The San Francisco Recreation and Parks Department in connection with preventing damage, destruction, or theft on park and recreation grounds and facilities. SF Park Rangers observe and report incidents requiring law enforcement, fire department, and emergency medical response. Furthermore, their duties and responsibilities include closing parking lot gates and locking/securing recreational centers, bathrooms, etc. at night; opening parking lot gates and unlocking recreational centers, bathrooms, etc. in

3024-696: The San Francisco Recreation and Parks Department . Acting as ambassadors, they continue to serve visitors of San Francisco's parks. SF Park Rangers work shifts and operate 365 days a year, 7 days a week, 24 hours a day. Although not law enforcement officers, part of their role is ensuring the safety and security on San Francisco Recreation and Parks Department properties. Using various vehicles, including sedans, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), all terrain vehicles (ATVs), golf carts, and bikes, SF Park Rangers patrol on sites and respond to only non-emergency calls at more than 260 San Francisco Recreation and Parks Department facilities situated on 3,400 acres of land throughout

3136-586: The State office of Emergency Services issued (for the first time in Bay Area history) short term advisories for a possible large earthquake, which meant there was "a slightly increased likelihood of an M6.5 event on the Santa Cruz Mountains segment of the San Andreas fault". The advisories following the two Lake Elsman events were issued in part because of the statements made by WGCEP and because they were two of

3248-524: The Transbay Tube between the date of the earthquake and December 3 that same year. The worst disaster of the earthquake was the collapse of the double-deck Cypress Street Viaduct of Interstate 880 in West Oakland . The failure of a 1.25-mile (2.0 km) section of the viaduct, also known as the "Cypress Structure" and the "Cypress Freeway", killed 42 and injured many more. Built in

3360-569: The mayor of San Francisco and the president of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors . This proposal had five votes on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors but was not able to get the sixth vote necessary to put it on the ballot. The department is responsible for over 220 neighborhood parks and Golden Gate Park, the largest and the fifth most visited park in the United States. The Golden Gate National Recreation Area

3472-463: The 1906 shock, both to the north of San Francisco and to the south in the Santa Cruz Mountains region. Several long term forecasts for a large shock along the San Andreas Fault in that area had been made public prior to 1989 (the event and its aftershocks occurred within a recognized seismic gap ) but the earthquake that transpired was not what had been anticipated. The 1989 Loma Prieta event originated on an undiscovered oblique-slip reverse fault that

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3584-410: The 1920s. Summer child day camps include Pine Lake Day Camp at Pine Lake Park and Silver Tree Day Camp at Glen Park . The department has nine swimming pools spread all over the city. San Francisco (SF) Park Ranger, also known as SF Park Patrol Officer, is a non-sworn, unarmed, uniformed, park security, park safety, park service, park informational, and ambassadorial civilian employee of

3696-647: The Cypress Street Viaduct in Oakland) the intensity of the shaking was more severe and lasted longer. The strong motion records also allowed for the causative fault to be determined – the rupture was related to the San Andreas Fault System. While a Mercalli Intensity of VIII ( Severe ) covered a large swath of territory relatively close to the epicenter (including the cities of Los Gatos, Santa Cruz, and Watsonville ) farther to

3808-527: The East Bay, and near the shore of Monterey Bay , where a non-destructive tsunami was also observed. Because it happened during a national live broadcast of the 1989 World Series , the annual championship series of Major League Baseball , taking place between Bay Area teams San Francisco Giants and the Oakland Athletics , it is sometimes referred to as the "World Series earthquake" , with

3920-516: The Emergency Broadcast System to the public after the quake because the engineering department at KNBR experienced major technical malfunctions and difficulties. The malfunctions during the aftermath of the earthquake caused confusion as to whether an earthquake would cause the Emergency Broadcast System to activate. KNBR began using an emergency generator, hooking up the signal from a command center right after their nearby studio

4032-424: The Oakland side of the bridge to shift 7 in (18 cm) to the east, and caused the bolts of one section to shear off, sending the 250-short-ton (230 t; 500,000 lb; 226,800 kg) section of roadbed crashing down like a trapdoor. Traffic on both decks came to a halt, blocked by the section of the roadbed. Police began unsnarling the traffic jam, telling drivers to turn their cars around and drive back

4144-597: The San Francisco Park Code; continuously patrolling all San Francisco Recreation and Parks Department facilities, greenways, natural areas, and waterfronts; performing security checks and parking enforcement only on San Francisco Recreation and Parks Department properties; and issuing parking and "notice to appear" civil citations for park code violations when necessary. As the designated employees on San Francisco Recreation and Parks Department sites, SF Park Rangers only respond to non-emergency calls from

4256-575: The San Juan Bautista segment, or an M7 event on the San Francisco Peninsula segment, United States Geological Survey (USGS) seismologist Allan Lindh's 1983 forecasted rupture length of 25 miles (40 km) (starting near Pajaro Gap, and continuing to the northwest) for the San Juan Bautista segment nearly matched the actual rupture length of the 1989 event. An updated forecast was presented in 1988, at which time Lindh took

4368-585: The Santa Cruz Historic Building Survey. The four oldest were built in 1894, the five oldest withstood the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Immediately, a number of civilians began to free victims from the rubble of Ford's Department Store and the Santa Cruz Coffee Roasting Company – both buildings had collapsed inward on customers and employees alike. Two police officers crawled through voids in

4480-404: The Santa Cruz Mountains was about 15 seconds, but strong ground motion recordings revealed that the duration of shaking was not uniform throughout the affected area (because of different types and thicknesses of soil ). At sites with rocky terrain, the duration was shorter and the shaking was much less intense, and at locations with unconsolidated soil (like the Marina District in San Francisco or

4592-661: The Santa Cruz Mountains, pieces of concrete fell from a parking structure at the Sunnyvale Town Center , a two-level shopping mall in Santa Clara County. More moderate damage resulted from the August 8, 1989, shock (intensity VII, Very strong ) when chimneys were toppled in Cupertino , Los Gatos, and Redwood Estates . Other damage included cracked walls and foundations and broken underground pipes. At

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4704-425: The affected area, many people had left work early or were staying late to participate in after work group viewings and parties. As a consequence the normally crowded freeways contained unusually light traffic. If traffic had been normal for a Tuesday rush hour , injuries and deaths would certainly have been higher. The initial media reports failed to take into account the game's effect on traffic and initially estimated

4816-630: The cable cars. Amtrak intercity rail service into Oakland from the California Zephyr continued, but the Coast Starlight was temporarily suspended north of Salinas because of damage to the Southern Pacific 's Coast Line . The earthquake changed the Bay Area's automobile transportation landscape. Not only did the quake force seismic retrofitting of all Bay Area bridges, it caused enough damage that some parts of

4928-403: The championship games of the year being referred to as the "Earthquake Series". Rush-hour traffic on the Bay Area freeways was much lighter than normal because the game, being played at Candlestick Park in San Francisco, was about to begin, and this may have prevented a larger loss of life, as several of the Bay Area's major transportation structures suffered catastrophic failures. The collapse of

5040-484: The circumstances and location. Additionally, there is no legal obligation to yield to any park ranger non-emergency vehicles with amber (yellow) flashing lights and/or white spotlight. Like all other security officers, upon observation of a crime in the presence of the park ranger, the park ranger may apprehend the suspect engaging in specific crimes and temporarily hold the suspect on the scene for law enforcement officers to handle. However, any apprehension by SF Park Rangers

5152-681: The collapse of buildings along the Pacific Garden Mall in Santa Cruz, and five people were killed in the collapse of a brick wall on Bluxome Street in San Francisco. When the earthquake hit, the third game of the 1989 World Series baseball championship was about to begin. Because of the unusual circumstance that both of the World Series teams (the San Francisco Giants and Oakland Athletics ) were based in

5264-636: The collapse of the Cypress Street Viaduct on the Nimitz Freeway ( Interstate 880 ), where the upper level of a double-deck portion of the freeway collapsed, crushing the cars on the lower level, and causing crashes on the upper level. One 50-foot (15 m) section of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge also collapsed, leading to a single fatality, Anamafi Moala, a 23-year-old woman. Three people were killed in

5376-434: The damage. That same day, survivor Buck Helm was freed from the wreckage, having spent 90 hours trapped in his car. Dubbed "Lucky Buck" by the local radio, Helm lived for another 29 days on life support , but then died of respiratory failure at the age of 58. Although the freeway reopened in stages between 1997 and 1999, it was not fully rebuilt until 2001 so that it would comply with safety and reinforcement standards. In

5488-468: The death toll at 300, a number that was corrected to 63 in the days after the earthquake. After the earthquake occurred, a group led by Antony C. Fraser-Smith of Stanford University reported that the event was preceded by disturbances in background magnetic field noise as measured by a sensor placed in Corralitos , about 4.5 miles (7 km) from the epicenter. From October 5, they reported that

5600-444: The debris, found one victim alive and another dead inside the coffee house. Santa Cruz beach lifeguards assisted in moving the victims. Police dogs were brought in to help locate other victims. A woman was found dead inside Ford's. The civilians who were helpful initially, were soon viewed by police and fire officials as a hindrance to operations, with frantic coworkers and friends of a coffee house employee thought to be trapped under

5712-573: The department. The Recreation & Parks Department has five golf courses in Pacifica and San Francisco. Camp Mather is an overnight summer family cabin camp in Tuolumne County, California on Highway 120 near Yosemite National Park . The 337-acre site is often referred to as the jewel of the department. Before becoming a camp the site was used by the construction workers who built the O'Shaughnessy Dam and Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in

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5824-459: The disassembled Exhibition Organ, a pipe organ which was donated to San Francisco for the 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition . A three-story parking garage was completed under the north block of the plaza in 1960. Access to the garage is provided by ramps on McAllister and Larkin. Overall dimensions of the parking garage are 317 by 374 feet (97 m × 114 m) and the floor-to-ceiling clearance ranges from 10 feet (3.0 m) on

5936-490: The earthquake struck at approximately 5:04 PDT, sportscaster Tim McCarver was narrating taped highlights of Game 2, which had been played two days prior across the Bay Bridge in Oakland. Television viewers saw the video signal begin to break up, heard McCarver repeat a sentence as the shaking distracted him, and heard McCarver's colleague Al Michaels exclaim, "I'll tell you what, we're having an earth – ." At that moment,

6048-629: The earthquake. In Santa Cruz , close to the epicenter, 40 buildings collapsed, killing six people. At the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk, the Plunge Building was significantly damaged. Liquefaction also caused damage in the Watsonville area. For example, sand volcanoes formed in a field near Pajaro as well as in a strawberry field. The Ford's department store in Watsonville experienced significant damage, including

6160-545: The east end of Golden Gate Park. The Recreation & Parks Department is governed by a seven-member commission, who are also appointed by the mayor of San Francisco to four-year terms. The commission president is elected by fellow commissioners. Commission meetings are held once a month at San Francisco City Hall . Current members are: Kat Anderson (President), Joe Hallisy (Vice President), Sonya Clark-Herrera, Vanita Louie, Larry Mazzola, Carey Wintroub, and Breanna Zwart. Concerns have been expressed by park advocates about

6272-681: The edge of the freeway. Nearby residents and factory workers came to the rescue, climbing onto the wreckage with ladders and forklifts and pulling trapped people out of their cars from under a four-foot gap in some sections. 60 members of Oakland's Public Works Agency left the nearby city yard and joined rescue efforts. Employees from Pacific Pipe drove heavy lift equipment to the scene and started using it to raise sections of fallen freeway enough to allow further rescue. Local workers continued their volunteer operation nonstop until October 21, 1989, when they were forced to pause as U.S. President George H. W. Bush and California Governor George Deukmejian viewed

6384-1108: The effort to change the unsavory reputation of Civic Center Plaza. At the time, it was announced that plans for a permanent remodeling of the plaza were being prepared. In 2018, city officials started accepting proposals to redesign the plaza. San Francisco Recreation %26 Parks Department The San Francisco Recreation & Parks Department is the city agency responsible for governing and maintaining all city-owned parks and recreational facilities in San Francisco , as well as Sharp Park Golf Course in Pacifica and Camp Mather in Tuolumne County . Current facilities include 4,113 acres (1,664 ha) of total recreational and open space with 3,400 acres (1,376 ha) of that land within San Francisco. The department runs 179 playgrounds and play areas, 82 recreation centers and clubhouses, nine swimming pools, five golf courses, 151 tennis courts, 72 basketball courts, 59 soccer fields, numerous baseball diamonds, and other sports venues. The San Francisco Recreation & Parks Department began in 1871 when city officials responding to residents' demands for

6496-399: The epicenter resulted from liquefaction of soil used to create waterfront land. Other effects included sand volcanoes , landslides and ground ruptures. Some 12,000 homes and 2,600 businesses were damaged. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) turned people who were homeless prior to the earthquake away from homeless shelters and provided shelter for those with homes prior to

6608-470: The fog . Artificial grass is installed to cut water use, and the playgrounds are under constant surveillance. After San Francisco was selected in 1911 to host the 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition, numerous civic improvements were proposed, and a commission was set up to judge entries for a City Hall design competition. The jurors on the commission were John Galen Howard , Frederick W. Meyer , and John Reid, Jr. An early design by A. Lacy Warswick,

6720-400: The four deaths, one family lost their infant son who choked on dust while trapped for an hour inside their collapsed apartment. The Marina district was built on a landfill made of a mixture of sand, dirt, rubble, waste, and other materials containing a high percentage of groundwater . Some of the fill was rubble dumped into San Francisco Bay after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, but most

6832-438: The ground more severely. At the intersection of Beach and Divisadero Streets in San Francisco, a natural gas main rupture caused a major structure fire . The San Francisco Fire Department selected civilians to help run fire hoses from a distance because the nearby hydrant system failed. Since the bay was only two blocks from the burning buildings, water from the bay was pumped by the fireboat Phoenix , to engines on

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6944-574: The homeless people to another site until two permanent shelters could be built, which opened later that year. The long delay in opening shelters and the mayor's seeming acceptance of Camp Agnos contributed to Agnos's defeat in the re-election campaign of 1991. Civic Center Plaza was dedicated as the Joseph L. Alioto Performing Arts Piazza to honor former mayor Joseph Alioto on October 28, 1998. A spokesperson for Mayor Willie Brown stated "It will be an area where people can sing opera, recite poetry, do all

7056-465: The lack of diversity of opinion on the commission and in the department, due to the fact that all of the positions are appointed by the mayor of San Francisco . In the past, there have been efforts to change the selection process for commissioners. A prior proposal included having three commissioners appointed by the mayor of San Francisco , three commissioners appointed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors and one additional appointment agreed to by

7168-512: The large magnitude mainshock, the four accelerometers captured a useful record of the main event and more than half an hour of the early aftershock activity. The June 27, 1988, shock occurred with a maximum intensity of VI ( Strong ). Its effects included broken windows in Los Gatos, and other light damage in Holy City , where increased flow was observed at a water well . Farther away from

7280-507: The late 1950s and opened to traffic in 1957 (as SR 17), the Cypress Street Viaduct, a stretch of Interstate 880, was a double-deck freeway section made of nonductile reinforced concrete that was constructed above and astride Cypress Street in Oakland. Roughly half of the land the Cypress Viaduct was built on was filled marshland and the other half somewhat more stable alluvium . Because of new highway structure design guidelines –

7392-415: The local ABC station in San Francisco, was off the air for about 15 minutes, while KRON-TV (at the time the region's NBC affiliate) was off the air for about half an hour, and KGO-AM ( ABC News Radio ) was off the air for about 40 minutes. About an hour and 40 minutes after the quake, Fox affiliate KTVU resumed broadcasting, with their news anchors, Dennis Richmond and Elaine Corral reporting from

7504-413: The mainland and cracked the paved road on Paul's Island. In the Old Town historical district of the city of Salinas, unreinforced masonry buildings were partially destroyed. Following the quake, an estimated 1.4 million people experienced power losses that were mainly due to damaged electrical substations . Many San Francisco radio and television stations were temporarily knocked off the air. KGO-TV ,

7616-547: The meantime, traffic was detoured through nearby Interstate 980 , causing increased congestion. Instead of rebuilding Interstate 880 over the same ground, Caltrans rerouted the freeway farther west around the outskirts of West Oakland to provide better access to the Port of Oakland and the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, and to meet community desires to keep the freeway from cutting through residential areas (at

7728-417: The morning; posting signs; inspecting equipments, buildings, facilities and grounds; removing road obstructions; reporting safety hazards; providing information and directions to assist the public around the park system and park events; prevent improper or prohibited use of recreational facilities and equipment by park users; passively asking persons to depart the parks after park posted hours or for violation of

7840-449: The most expensive natural disasters in U.S. history at the time. Private donations poured into aid relief efforts and on October 26, President George H. W. Bush signed a $ 1.1 billion ($ 2.7 billion today) earthquake relief package for California. Four people died in San Francisco's Marina District, four buildings were destroyed by fire, and seven buildings collapsed. Another 63 damaged structures were judged too dangerous to live in. Among

7952-480: The most frequently cited claims of a specific earthquake precursor; more recent studies have cast doubt on the connection, attributing the Corralitos signals to either unrelated magnetic disturbance or, even more simply, to sensor-system malfunction. The earthquake caused severe damage in some very specific locations in the Bay Area, most notably on unstable soil in San Francisco and Oakland . Oakland City Hall

8064-400: The next morning. Large cracks in Oakland's runway and taxiway reduced the usable length to two-thirds normal, and damage to the dike required quick remediation to avoid flooding the runway with water from the bay. Oakland Airport repair costs were assessed at $ 30 million (equivalent to $ 77 million today). San Francisco Municipal Railway (Muni) lost all power to electric transit systems when

8176-491: The next several hours, some of it picked up and broadcast nationally over their respective networks, as well as on CNN , in a manner anticipating later major catastrophes such as the 1994 Los Angeles earthquake and the 9/11 terror attacks ). Power was restored to most of San Francisco by midnight, and all but 12,000 customers had their power restored within two days. The quake caused an estimated $ 6 billion (equivalent to $ 15 billion today) in property damage, becoming one of

8288-675: The north into the San Francisco Bay Area , both on the San Francisco Peninsula and across the bay in Oakland . No surface faulting occurred, though many other ground failures and landslides were present, especially in the Summit area of the Santa Cruz Mountains. Liquefaction was also a significant issue, especially in the heavily damaged Marina District of San Francisco , but its effects were also seen in

8400-561: The north, portions of San Francisco were assessed at intensity IX ( Violent ). At more than 44 miles (70 km) distant, the San Francisco Bay Area recorded peak horizontal accelerations that were as high as 0.26 g , and close to the epicenter they peaked at more than 0.6 g . In a general way, the location of aftershocks of the event delineated the extent of the faulting, which (according to seismologist Bruce Bolt ) extended about 24 miles (40 km) in length. Because

8512-523: The occurrence of an event at the location that was forecast by the WGCEP in 1988 was coincidental. The contrasting characteristics of the 1906 and 1989 events were examined by seismologists Hiroo Kanamori and Kenji Satake . The significant amount of vertical displacement in 1989 was a key aspect to consider because a long-term sequence of 1989-type events (with an 80–100-year recurrence interval) normally result in regions with high topographic relief , which

8624-490: The office of the Los Gatos City Manager, a window that was cracked had also been broken in the earlier shock. Also in Los Gatos, one man died when he fell or jumped through a window and impacted the ground five stories below. The Loma Prieta earthquake was named for Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains, which lies just to the east of the mainshock epicenter. The duration of the heaviest shaking in

8736-402: The open gap in time; the 1980 Mercury Zephyr plunged over the edge and smashed onto the collapsed roadbed. The driver, Anamafi Moala, died, and the passenger, her brother, was seriously injured. Caltrans removed and replaced the collapsed section, and re-opened the bridge on November 18. To assist with transportation during Bay Bridge repairs, Bay Area Rapid Transit ran 24-hour service in

8848-552: The opportunity to assign a new name to the San Juan Bautista segment – the Loma Prieta segment. In early 1988, the Working Group for California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP) made several statements regarding their forecasts for the 225 mi (360 km) northern San Andreas Fault segment, the 56 mi (90 km) San Francisco Peninsula segment, and a 18.8–22 mi (30–35 km) portion of that segment which

8960-523: The park is surrounded by the Excelsior , Crocker-Amazon , Visitacion Valley , Portola and University Mound neighborhoods. Dolores Park is a city park located two blocks south of Mission Dolores at the western edge of the Mission District . Dolores Park is bounded by 18th Street on the north, 20th Street on the south, Dolores Street on the east and Church Street on the west. Coit Tower

9072-465: The preservation and protection of park wildlife and arboretums. SF Park Rangers may provide support to emergency services personnel such as sheriff's deputies, police officers, firefighters, and emergency medical technicians/paramedics only if requested. San Francisco (SF) Park Rangers are San Francisco governmental civilian employees and only act as non-sworn public officers on San Francisco Recreation and Parks Department sites. SF Park Rangers enforce

9184-501: The quake hit, but otherwise suffered little damage and no injuries to operators or riders. Cable cars and electric trains and buses were stalled in place – half of Muni's transport capability was lost for 12 hours. Muni relied on diesel buses to continue abbreviated service until electric power was restored later that night, and electric units could be inspected and readied for service on the morning of October 18. After 78 hours, 96 percent of Muni services were back in operation, including

9296-498: The region's freeway system had to be demolished. Damage to the region's transportation system was estimated at $ 1.8 billion (equivalent to $ 4.4 billion today). The 1989 World Series featured the Oakland Athletics and the San Francisco Giants in the first cross-town World Series since 1956 . Game 3 of the series was scheduled to begin at San Francisco's Candlestick Park on October 17 at 5:35 PDT, and American television network ABC began its pre-game show at 5:00 PDT . When

9408-466: The requirement of ductile construction elements – instituted following the 1971 San Fernando earthquake , a limited degree of earthquake reinforcement was retrofitted to the Cypress Viaduct in 1977. The added elements were longitudinal restraints at transverse expansion joints in the box girder spans, but no studies were made of possible failure modes specific to the Cypress Viaduct. Caltrans has since received widespread backlash for not thoroughly studying

9520-438: The rubble continuing their efforts in the dark. Police arrested those who refused to stop searching. This became a political issue in the following days. The body of a young woman coffee worker was found under a collapsed wall late the next day. During the first few days following the quake, electric power to most Santa Cruz County subscribers was out, and some areas had no water. Limited phone service remained online, providing

9632-618: The rules and regulations of the San Francisco Park Code, but may also enforce other applicable San Francisco ordinances and applicable local and state parking violations on San Francisco Recreation and Parks Department sites. To enforce the park code safely, SF Park Rangers need voluntary compliance from persons suspected of park code violations. If park code enforcement can be done safely while solely rely on voluntary compliance, SF Park Rangers utilize verbal warnings and civil violation citations to enforce park code violations. To avoid any potential physical confrontations, SF Park Rangers must call

9744-414: The rupture took place bilaterally, the duration of strong shaking was about half of what it would have been had it ruptured in one direction only. The duration of a typical M6.9 shock with a comparable rupture length would have been about twice as long. Gregory Beroza , a seismologist with Stanford University , made several distinctions regarding the 1906 and 1989 events. Near Loma Prieta, the 1906 rupture

9856-620: The shock was responsible for 63 deaths and 3,757 injuries. The Loma Prieta segment of the San Andreas Fault System had been relatively inactive since the 1906 San Francisco earthquake (to the degree that it was designated a seismic gap ) until two moderate foreshocks occurred in June 1988 and again in August 1989. Damage was heavy in Santa Cruz County and less so to the south in Monterey County , but effects extended well to

9968-589: The shocks affected the mainshock's rupture process. Following the August 8, 1989, shock, in anticipation of an upcoming large earthquake, staff at the University of California, Santa Cruz deployed four accelerometers in the area, which were positioned at the UCSC campus, two residences in Santa Cruz, and a home in Los Gatos . Unlike other nearby (high gain ) seismographs that were overwhelmed (driven off scale) by

10080-473: The shore, and from there sprayed on the fire. The apartment structures that collapsed were older buildings that included ground-floor garages, which engineers refer to as a soft story building . In Santa Cruz, the Pacific Garden Mall was severely damaged, with falling debris killing three people, half of the six earthquake deaths in Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties. Some 31 buildings were damaged enough to warrant demolition, seven of which had been listed in

10192-447: The shores of San Francisco Bay and to the south near Monterey Bay. Other ground effects included downslope movement, slumps , and ground cracks. Fifty-seven of the deaths were directly caused by the earthquake; six further fatalities were ruled to have been caused indirectly. In addition, there were 3,757 injuries as a result of the earthquake, 400 of which were serious. The highest number of deaths, 42, occurred in Oakland because of

10304-533: The signal from Candlestick Park was lost. The network put up a green ABC Sports "World Series" technical difficulties telop graphic while it scrambled to repair the video feed (the broadcast cameras and mics were powered by the local power supply), but audio from the stadium was restored after thirteen seconds via a telephone link: Al Michaels: Well, heh, I don't know if we're on the air... We are in commercial, I guess. Jim Palmer : Yes, yes, we hear you. Tim McCarver: I guess... Michaels: I don't hear

10416-625: The state as the boundary between the Pacific plate and the North American plate ; it is the most studied fault on Earth. Andrew Lawson , a geologist from the University of California, Berkeley , had named the fault after the San Andreas Lake (prior to the occurrence of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake ) and later led an investigation into that event. The San Andreas Fault ruptured for a length of 290 mi (470 km) during

10528-409: The station's parking lot. KCBS-AM ( CBS News Radio ) switched immediately to backup power and managed to stay on air despite a subsequent generator failure. KCBS later won a Peabody Award for their news coverage, as did KGO-TV. KNBR-AM (the designated station for the Bay Area's Emergency Broadcast System at the time) failed to communicate a catastrophe with the activation and instructions of

10640-602: The steep terrain near the epicenter was prone to movement, and up to 4,000 landslides may have occurred during the event. The majority of landslides occurred to the southwest of the epicenter, especially along road cuts in the Santa Cruz Mountains and in the Summit Road area, but also along the bluffs of the Pacific Coast, and as far north as the Marin Peninsula. Highway 17 was blocked for several weeks by

10752-432: The structure. When the earthquake hit, the shaking was amplified on the former marshland, and soil liquefaction occurred. When the earthquake struck, the freeway buckled and twisted before the support columns failed and the upper deck fell on the lower deck. Forty-two people were crushed to death in their cars. Cars on the upper deck were tossed around violently, some of them flipped sideways, and some were left dangling at

10864-463: The things Mayor Alioto was so enamored of". Alioto had died earlier in 1998. As part of the initiative started by Mayor Brown to remodel City Hall, a refurbished Civic Center Plaza was unveiled in January 1999, including two new playgrounds; police patrols were deployed under a new policy to roust the homeless, who generally moved two blocks east to UN Plaza . Public concerts were scheduled as part of

10976-455: The three largest shocks to occur along the 1906 earthquake's rupture zone since 1914. The M L 5.3 June 1988 and the M L   5.4 August 1989 events also occurred on previously unknown oblique reverse faults and were within 3 mi (4.8 km) of the M6.9 Loma Prieta mainshock epicenter, near the intersection of the San Andreas and Sargent faults. Total displacement for these shocks

11088-535: The time the original viaduct was constructed, West Oakland was predominantly occupied by African- and Hispanic-Americans). Street-level Mandela Parkway now occupies the previous roadbed of the Cypress structure. Immediately after the earthquake, Bay Area airports were closed so officials could conduct a visual inspection and damage assessment procedures. San Jose International Airport , Oakland International Airport and San Francisco International Airport all opened

11200-416: The tree aisle. The plaza was reconstructed starting in 1956 to build two underground structures: Brooks Hall and a parking garage. There are two play structures which opened in 1999 and were refurbished in 2017 on the east (Larkin) side of the plaza, one in the northeast corner, and one in the southeast corner. Brooks Hall, an underground space connected to the basement level of Bill Graham Civic Auditorium ,

11312-460: The uppermost level to 9 feet 3 inches (2.82 m) on the two lower levels. The structure rests on a concrete slab varying in thickness from 3 to 5 + 5 ⁄ 6 feet (0.91 to 1.78 m) thick. The parking structure was designed by Gould and Degenkolb. The playgrounds near Larkin were first installed in 1993 (north) and 1998 (south) as part of the remodeling of City Hall completed in 1999. They were shut down and renovated in 2017 at

11424-404: The way they had come. Eastbound drivers stuck on the lower deck between the collapse and Yerba Buena Island were routed up to the upper deck and westward back to San Francisco. A miscommunication made by emergency workers at Yerba Buena Island routed some drivers the wrong way; they were directed to the upper deck where they drove eastward toward the collapse site. One of these drivers did not see

11536-418: Was born. The general manager is appointed by the mayor of San Francisco . General Manager Phil Ginsburg oversees a staff of over 850 that includes gardeners, foresters, natural resource, pest management and nursery specialists, recreation and summer camp staff, lifeguards, park rangers, carpenters, plumbers, electricians, metal shop/welders and painters from the historic headquarters inside McLaren Lodge at

11648-473: Was evacuated after the earthquake until a US$ 80 million (equivalent to US$ 197 million today) seismic retrofit and hazard abatement work was completed in 1995. Many other communities sustained severe damage throughout the region located in Alameda , San Mateo , Santa Clara , San Benito , Santa Cruz and Monterey counties. Major property damage in San Francisco's Marina District 60 mi (97 km) from

11760-401: Was home of the San Francisco 49ers through the 2013 season and was home of the San Francisco Giants until 2000. In 2014 the 49ers moved to the new Levi's Stadium and Candlestick Park has been torn down. Kezar Stadium is an outdoor 10,000 seat multi-purpose stadium located in the southeastern corner of Golden Gate Park. Before being renovated and downsized in 1989, it was the former home of

11872-404: Was more shallow, had more strike-slip, and occurred on a fault that was near vertical. The 1989 event's oblique-slip rupture was at 10 km and below on a fault plane that dipped 70° to the southwest. Because much of the slip in 1989 occurred at depth and the rupture propagated up dip, Beroza proposed that the overlying San Andreas Fault actually inhibited further rupture and also maintains that

11984-514: Was rebuilt in 1965, and renovation of the lagoon, walkways, and a seismic retrofit were completed in early 2009. Corona Heights Park is a 15-acre park in the Castro and Haight districts that commands a view of the city, downtown financial district and the bay. The park features the Randall Museum , which focuses on science, nature and the arts and features live animals. It is operated by

12096-668: Was referred to as the southern Santa Cruz Mountains segment. The thirty year probability for one or more M7 earthquakes in the study area was given as 50%, but because of a lack of information and low confidence, a 30% probability was assigned to the Southern Santa Cruz Mountains segment. Two moderate shocks, referred to as the Lake Elsman earthquakes by the USGS, occurred in the Santa Cruz Mountains region in June 1988 and again in August 1989. Following each event,

12208-429: Was relatively small (approximately 4 in (100 mm) of strike-slip and substantially less reverse-slip) and although they occurred on separate faults and well before the mainshock, a group of seismologists considered these to be foreshocks because of when and where they occurred relative to the main event. Each event's aftershock sequence and effect on stress drop was closely examined, and their study indicated that

12320-412: Was sand and debris laid down in preparation for the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition , a celebration of San Francisco's ability to rebound after its catastrophe in 1906. After the Exposition, apartment buildings were erected on the landfill. In the 1989 earthquake, the water-saturated unconsolidated mud, sand, and rubble suffered liquefaction , and the earthquake's vertical shock waves rippled

12432-456: Was severely shaken during the quake, when most of the KNBR staff were at Candlestick for the World Series. The Mayor of San Francisco, Art Agnos , later came on the air and provided an update on the earthquake. (All four network-affiliated TV stations (KRON, KGO, KTVU and CBS affiliate KPIX ) would recover enough to broadcast continuous breaking news coverage of the aftermath of the quake for

12544-631: Was the main exhibition space for the City of San Francisco from its completion in 1958 until 1981, when the first phase of Moscone Center was completed. Over the course of its history, several notable computer shows held their inaugural events at Brooks Hall, including the West Coast Computer Faire (1977) and Macworld (1985). It is currently used to store materials from the nearby Main Library and other historical artifacts, including

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